10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents
 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

  

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

x Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 28, 2007.

OR

 

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from              to             .

Commission File Number 0-18655

 

 

EXPONENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   77-0218904

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(IRS employer

identification no.)

149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 326-9400

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $.001 par value

(Title of Class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨    Accelerated filer  x    Non-accelerated filer  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing sales price of the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market on June 29, 2007, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, was $266,359,814. Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each entity or person that, to the registrant’s knowledge, owned 10% or more of registrant’s outstanding common stock as of June 29, 2007 have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

The number of shares of the issuer’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 22, 2008 was 14,582,196.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 29, 2008, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 


Table of Contents

EXPONENT, INC.

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 28, 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

PART I

     

Item 1.

   Business    3

Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    11

Item 1B.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    12

Item 2.

   Properties    12

Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    12

Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    12

PART II

     

Item 5.

   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    12

Item 6.

   Selected Consolidated Financial Data    14

Item 7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    14

Item 7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    22

Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    22

Item 9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    22

Item 9A.

   Controls and Procedures    22

Item 9B.

   Other Information    23

PART III

     

Item 10.

   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant   

Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    23

Item 12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    23

Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    23

Item 14.

   Principal Accounting Fees and Services    23

PART IV

     

Item 15.

   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules    24

Signatures

   51

Exhibit Index

   53

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains, and incorporates by reference, certain “forward-looking” statements (as such term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and the rules promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended thereto under) that are based on the beliefs of the Company’s management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this document and in the documents incorporated herein by reference, statements other than statements of current

or historical fact are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company or its management, identify certain of such forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current views of the Company or its management with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, the Company’s actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such material differences include the possibility that the demand for our services may decline as a result of changes in general and industry


 

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specific economic conditions, the timing of engagements for our services, the effects of competitive services and pricing, tort reform and liabilities resulting from claims made against us. Additional risks and uncertainties are discussed in this Report under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere. The inclusion of such forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the future events, plans, or expectations contemplated by the Company will be achieved. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements.

PART I

Item 1. Business

GENERAL

The inception of Exponent, Inc. goes back to 1967, with the founding of the partnership Failure Analysis Associates, which was incorporated the following year in California and reincorporated in Delaware as Failure Analysis Associates, Inc. in 1988. The Failure Group, Inc. was organized in 1989 as a holding company for Failure Analysis Associates, Inc. and changed its name to Exponent, Inc. in 1998. Exponent, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Exponent” or the “Company”), is a science and engineering consulting firm that provides solutions to complex problems. Our multidisciplinary team of scientists, physicians, engineers, business and regulatory consultants brings together more than 90 different technical disciplines to solve complicated issues facing industry and government today. Our professional staff can perform in-depth scientific research and analysis, or very rapid-response evaluations to provide our clients with the critical information they need.

CLIENTS

General

Exponent serves clients in automotive, aviation, chemical, construction, consumer products, energy, government, health, insurance, manufacturing, technology and other sectors of the economy. Many of our engagements are initiated directly with large corporations or by lawyers or insurance companies, whose clients anticipate, or are engaged in, litigation related to their products, equipment, processes or service. Our services in failure prevention and technology evaluation have grown as the

technological complexity of products has increased over the years.

Pricing and Terms of Engagements

We generally provide our services on either a fixed-price basis or on a “time and expenses” basis, charging hourly rates for each staff member involved in a project, based on his or her skills and experience. Our standard rates for professionals range from $80 to $800 per hour. Our engagement agreements typically provide for monthly billing, require payment of our invoices within 30 days of receipt and permit clients to terminate engagements at any time. Clients normally agree to indemnify us and our personnel against liabilities arising out of the use or application of the results of our work or recommendations.

SERVICES

Now in our 41st year of service, Exponent continues to provide the highest quality engineering and scientific consulting services to clients around the world. Our service offerings are provided on a project-by-project basis. Many projects require support from multiple practices. We currently operate 20 practices and centers, including:

 

   

Biomechanics

 

   

Buildings & Structures

 

   

Civil Engineering

 

   

Construction Consulting

 

   

Ecological & Biological Sciences

 

   

Electrical & Semiconductors

 

   

Environmental & Earth Sciences

 

   

Health Sciences

 

   

Center for Chemical Registration & Food Safety

 

   

Center for Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Computational Biology

 

   

Center for Toxicology & Mechanistic Biology

 

   

Center for Exposure Assessment & Dose Reconstruction

 

   

Center for Public Health & Industrial Hygiene

 

   

Human Factors

 

   

Industrial Structures

 

   

Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science

 

   

Statistical & Data Sciences

 

   

Technology Development

 

   

Thermal Sciences

 

   

Vehicle Analysis

 

   

Visual Communications


 

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Biomechanics

Exponent’s Biomechanics staff uses engineering and biomedical science to explore the cause, nature and severity of injuries as well as to address the interaction between the body and the physical environment. Staff consultants use medical records, testing, computer modeling and extensive knowledge of human injury tolerance to determine whether an injury or claimed injury is consistent with a specific set of actions, an allegation of product defect or exposure to a specific accident environment.

The medical device sector of the Biomechanics practice obtained the ISO 17025, better known as the A2LA accreditation, in order to better assist companies seeking market clearance or approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This accreditation applies to the laboratory procedures our staff routinely use to support clients in the FDA submission process. In August of 2007, we received official notice that Exponent’s laboratory was accredited to ISO 17025. This step is in an effort to align Exponent’s laboratory for Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) compliance in the future.

Buildings & Structures

The basic function of a building is to provide structurally sound and environmentally controlled spaces to house and protect occupants and contents. If this basic function is not achieved, some aspect of the building has likely failed to meet its intended purpose. Exponent’s architects, engineers and scientists have a broad range of expertise with failures in the built environment and provide clients with in-depth investigations of individual components, as well as evaluations of these components’ interdependence with the entire building system.

During the past year, in addition to performing structural assessments of a variety of residential, commercial and industrial buildings, our structural engineers managed the development of a publication of General Guidelines for the Assessment and Repair of Earthquake Damage to Residential Woodframe Buildings for CUREE (Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering). The comprehensive reference was developed to bring sound science and engineering to the important but infrequent undertaking of earthquake damage assessment and repair of typical single- and multi-family woodframe residential buildings. The extensively illustrated 371 page publication provides an overview of earthquake effects on woodframe buildings and detailed descriptions of major building components and common patterns of earthquake damage. It also includes checklists to assist with a systematic damage survey and guidance for retaining and working with technical consultants.

 

Civil Engineering

Exponent provides broad expertise in geotechnical engineering, geological engineering, geophysics, geomechanics and groundwater hydrology to address a host of geo-failures, including landslides, foundation and retaining wall failures, oil-well distress and floods, as well as earthwork construction claims. Our Water Resources group specializes in the application of proven hydrologic, hydraulic, hydrodynamic and sediment transport research and science to provide scientifically sound and cost-effective solutions to our clients

In 2007, Exponent continued to assist with the analysis of structures affected by natural disasters. As a result of the October 15, 2006 earthquake off the Island of Hawaii, we performed structural and geotechnical evaluations for insurance and corporate clients. We also addressed issues related to the landslides and fires in southern California in 2007. Our hydrologists continue to address key issues in floodplain management such as delineation of flood hazards, and the identification of possible measures to mitigate potential impacts.

Construction Consulting

Exponent’s Construction Consulting practice provides construction management services to clients through all phases of the project life cycle, and, if necessary, through dispute resolution. Exponent’s engineers, cost accountants, architects and scientists provide these services to both the public and private sectors, supporting our client’s project staff through all phases of the design and construction process. Our staff identifies and evaluates construction processes and issues related to scope changes, schedule delays, production disruptions and inefficiencies, as well as the costs associated with these types of issues. They also identify the risks associated with large-scale, complex construction projects and the proactive measures to take to avoid potential obstacles.

Ecological & Biological Sciences

Exponent’s ecological scientists provide proven, cost-effective and scientifically defensible solutions to complex issues. State and federal trustees are pursuing natural resource damage claims more aggressively than in the past. Natural resource damages are a corporate environmental liability beyond cleanup or response actions. Damage claims can be very large, and settlement or litigation costs correspondingly high. Exponent assists clients in optimizing costs associated with claims for damages to natural resources, while still protecting the environment.


 

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In 2007, Exponent scientists assisted clients with examining the implications of blended ethanol- gasoline use and release. Given the rise in the use of ethanol and bio-fuels and their potential to play a major role in the future of the energy industry, evaluating and understanding the environmental, health and engineering implications of switching to these alternative fuel sources will be increasingly important.

Electrical & Semiconductors

Exponent continues to be a highly sought-after resource for understanding current and potential risks involving electrical and electronic components. Exponent’s team of electrical engineers performs a wide array of investigations ranging from electric power systems to semiconductor devices. We operate laboratories for testing both heavy equipment and light electronic equipment. Computers and specialized software are used to analyze electric power systems, circuits, and other equipment configurations.

In 2007, our engineers performed a number of investigations related to the interaction between software and hardware in a controlling mechanical system. The primary technical area to date has been embedded systems, where software is interacting with or controlling mechanical systems that may be responsible for the health and safety of the user. Some of the products that were recently analyzed include embedded automotive controllers, software for medical devices, consumer products, battery systems, recreational computers and process control systems.

Environmental & Earth Sciences

Exponent’s environmental scientists and engineers provide proven, cost-effective, scientifically defensible and realistic assessments and solutions to complex environmental issues. Central to Exponent’s environmental expertise is a deep capability in environmental forensics. We have applied our expertise and experience to a wide variety of situations: refineries, former manufactured gas plants, mines, smelters, foundries, pulp and paper mills, wood treatment facilities, pesticide formulation and mixing operations, oil spills, fuel terminals and many manufacturing facilities with contaminants in air, groundwater, surface water, sediment, and soil.

Health Sciences

Exponent’s Health Sciences group is comprised of 5 centers as described below and specializes in solving

complex health science problems that require an experienced team of multidisciplinary health professionals.

Center for Chemical Registration & Food Safety

Our Center for Chemical Registration and Food Safety includes an experienced staff of both technical and regulatory specialists who are experienced in dealing with foods, and with pesticide and non-pesticide products including conventional chemicals, biochemicals, microbials and products of biotechnology. We provide practical, creative, scientific and regulatory support at every stage of the product cycle, from R&D to retail.

The Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) regulation was implemented on June 1, 2007 by the European Union (EU). Under the new system, all chemicals manufactured or imported in the EU at levels greater than one tonne per year need to be registered. Exponent’s scientists in the EU and the United States are assisting clients with REACH by helping them to establish priorities, assessing the affect it has on their business and providing them with regulatory advice. We are also deeply involved in the development of guidance documents through the REACH Implementation Process.

Center for Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Computational Biology

Exponent health scientists apply epidemiologic methods to examine and solve complex health issues in a variety of settings. Through the principles of epidemiology, we analyze the interaction of host, agent and environment to reach conclusions about the causes and occurrence of disease in human populations.

In 2007, Dr. Suresh Moolgavkar joined our team as Center Director and Corporate Vice President. Dr. Moolgavkar has more than 30 years of experience in the fields of epidemiology, biostatistics and quantitative risk assessment. He is internationally known for his work in developing mechanistically- based dose-response models for carcinogenesis, and, in particular, for the two-mutation clonal expansion model, which is also known as the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson (MVK) model. Since 1984 Dr. Moolgavkar has been a Member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and a Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Washington.

Center for Toxicology & Mechanistic Biology

Exponent’s comprehensive experience in toxicology and related disciplines allows us to provide critical insight in resolving important issues on toxicity and


 

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risk for a wide variety of substances. We evaluate the mechanisms by which a substance effects biological systems, provide perspectives on potential effects at realistic human and environmental exposure levels, and technically-support strategies to mitigate risks.

Exponent is involved in the assessment of the implications of nanomaterials. We recently completed a state-of-the-science review and assessment of potential health and ecological risks and regulatory implications of nanometal oxides used in a product intended for widespread consumer use. Potential exposures and risks were considered for manufacture, use, misuse, wear and disposal.

Center for Exposure Assessment & Dose Reconstruction

Exposure assessment is the science of estimating human exposure to chemical, physical, and biological agents, accounting for the frequency, magnitude, and duration of the exposure events. Exposure estimates can be compared to toxicity benchmarks or guidelines to assess potential risks to human health, and are used for many purposes, including in epidemiology, risk assessment, and regulatory compliance.

In 2007, Exponent’s health professionals were retained to conduct an in-depth scientific study regarding the safety of gaming chips used in a casino environment. Exponent completed a study to determine the likelihood that the handling of the gaming chips would produce any significant health risk to the players or dealers.

Center for Public Health & Industrial Hygiene

This center is composed of scientists, engineers, physicians and industrial hygienists, with specialized training in the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, risk assessment and control of human health hazards. At Exponent, our professional staff conducts workplace, community and food and water exposure measurements, and evaluates risk to human health. We have developed, implemented and are overseeing workforce biomonitoring programs for industrial clients. We also assisted in the development of an emergency response plan for business and employees that also addresses community emergency response issues. In 2007, we also provided consultation to global companies addressing ongoing travel health issues, preparations for SARs-like events and pandemic influenza.

 

Human Factors

Our Human Factors practice analyzes human cognition and behavior to guide product design decisions to provide better product safety and usability. Working in conjunction with other Exponent practices, our scientists look at ways to improve product design, as well as review safety information and training to help change human behavior and reduce accidents.

As part of our work, Exponent scientists analyze the developmental abilities and limitations of children at different ages, the ways these impact how children engage in activities and use products in different environments, and how caregivers respond to children’s needs and safety concerns. Exponent scientists investigate the accident patterns that are unique to children (e.g., choking, suffocation, drowning and poisoning) and the effectiveness of strategies used to reduce child injury. As part of this work, Exponent scientists have tested children of various ages to examine the ways in which they are able to use a variety of products, including those intended for child use (e.g., high chairs, car seats and toys) and those not intended for child use (e.g., lighters and motor vehicles).

Industrial Structures

Our Industrial Structures practice, based in Düsseldorf, Germany, specializes in design and assessment of industrial concrete structures subject to extreme conditions. Exponent’s Düsseldorf office has provided design reviews and assessments on more than 800 structures around the world, and our staff has participated in the creation of several engineering standards.

Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science

As part of the largest technical practice at Exponent, our mechanical engineers and materials scientists have both an academic and “real-world” understanding of their field, including reliability and hazard evaluation, design assessment and materials life prediction. We routinely work with manufacturers to assess risks to their products during their design and manufacturing phases of product development. In addition, we help manufacturers analyze allegations of defective design by federal regulatory agencies such as the Consumer Product Safety Commission.

At the request of the Inter-American Development Bank, Exponent evaluated the integrity of the pipeline components in the Camisea Transportation System in Peru, which experienced five spill incidents between December 2004 and March of 2006, and a sixth spill incident in April 2007. The


 

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intent of our investigation was to develop a risk profile for the two component pipelines and identify the factors that contributed to the incidents. During our investigation of causal factors in the five incidents and assessment of pipeline integrity, Exponent made recommendations to Transportadora de Gas del Peru S.A. (TgP) in order to improve future pipeline integrity by mitigating and controlling identified risks to the system.

Statistical & Data Sciences

All living humans continually bear a certain degree of risk of injury or death. Exponent’s Statistical & Data Sciences practice specializes in determining whether a particular activity or product poses an unreasonable risk. Risk estimation involves establishing a reference period and then collecting information about the number of injuries (or other adverse events) suffered and the amount of exposure during this period.

Exponent recently developed and proposed the design of an experimental study to determine which concrete mixes will possess minimum permeability at cryogenic temperatures. Factors of interest included water/cement ratio, age at filling and percent of silica. Observations at systematically chosen factor-level combinations, depicted as points along the edges of a cube, can be used to estimate the response surface and the manufacturing settings that will produce optimum results. Planning for implementation of the study is underway.

Technology Development

Drawing on our multidisciplinary engineering, testing and failure analysis and prevention expertise, our Technology Development practice specializes in harnessing commercial technologies to develop effective military equipment and systems.

In 2007, Exponent assisted the Army’s Rapid Equipping Force to develop the Rapid Deployment Integrated Surveillance System (RDISS) to improve situational awareness for soldiers at joint security stations and combat outposts throughout Iraq. The new surveillance system minimizes soldiers’ exposure to harm while providing continual observation in operating areas. The RDISS system was fielded in Iraq after just three weeks of design and manufacturing. An indefinite-delivery-quantity (IDIQ) contract for the RDISS systems was awarded in October. We also continued to supply the U.S. Army with MARCbot – our multifunction, agile remote controlled robot for use in reconnaissance missions.

 

Thermal Sciences

Exponent has investigated and analyzed thousands of fires and explosions ranging from high loss disasters at manufacturing facilities to small insurance claims. Information gained from these analyses has helped us assist clients in assessing preventative measures related to the design of their products.

In 2007, Exponent continued to expand its presence in the energy industry. Working with the Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) industry, our consultants have developed a modeling approach to quantify the fog generation, dispersion and dissipation caused by the cold air effluent from a large field of ambient air vaporizers (AAVs). Exponent developed this modeling approach to successfully address questions and concerns from regulatory agencies with regards to the potential effects on visibility from the fog cloud due to the AAV operation

Vehicle Analysis

Our Vehicle Analysis practice provides design analysis, vehicle crash testing, component testing and accident reconstruction services to clients developing new automotive products, facing unexpected performance issues, or seeking information on how an accident occurred. At our 147-acre Test and Engineering Center in Phoenix, Arizona, we develop unique test protocols using proprietary tests developed by our consulting staff.

We recently completed a patent infringement evaluation of an automotive security system. The primary issue involved was the manner in which the internal parts of the security sensor moved. Exponent used high-speed film to document and analyze the motions of the two different sensors.

Visual Communications

The Visual Communications practice combines art and science to help clients create compelling, fact-based visual displays that communicate complex subject matter, conveying important information to audiences unfamiliar with the matters at hand. Specific components include animation, graphics, multimedia and photography.

COMPETITION

The marketplace for our services is fragmented and we face different sources of competition in providing various services. In addition, the services that we provide to some of our clients can be performed in-house by those clients. However, because of liability


 

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and independence concerns, clients that have the capability to perform such services themselves often retain Exponent or other independent consultants.

In each of the foregoing practices, we believe that the principal competitive factors are: technical capability and breadth of services, ability to deliver services on a timely basis, professional reputation and knowledge of the litigation process. Although we believe that we generally compete favorably in each of these areas, some of our competitors may be able to provide services acceptable to our clients at lower prices.

We believe that the barriers to entry in particular areas of engineering expertise are low and that for many of our technical disciplines, competition is increasing. In response to competitive forces in the marketplace, we continue to explore new markets for our various technical disciplines.

 

EMPLOYEES

As of December 28, 2007, we employed 875 full-time and part-time employees, including 584 engineering and scientific staff, 106 technical support staff and 185 administrative and support staff. Our staff includes 497 employees with advanced degrees, of which 304 employees have achieved the level of Ph.D. or M.D.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The address of our internet website is www.exponent.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, access to our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other periodic SEC reports, along with amendments to all of those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file the reports with the SEC. The content of our internet website is not incorporated into and is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The executive officers of Exponent and their ages as of March 5, 2008 are as follows:

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Michael R. Gaulke    62    Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Paul R. Johnston, Ph.D.    54    President and Chief Operating Officer
Elizabeth L. Anderson, Ph.D.    68    Group Vice President
Paul D. Boehm, Ph.D.    59    Group Vice President
Robert D. Caligiuri, Ph.D.    56    Group Vice President
Subbaiah V. Malladi, Ph.D.    61    Chief Technical Officer
John E. Moalli, Sc.D.    43    Group Vice President
John D. Osteraas, Ph.D.    54    Group Vice President
Richard L. Schlenker, Jr.    42    Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary

 

Executive officers of Exponent are appointed by the Board of Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board or until the appointment of their successors. There is no family relationship between any of the directors and officers of the Company.

Michael R. Gaulke joined the Company in September 1992, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He was named President in March 1993 and he was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company in January 1994. He assumed his current role of Chief Executive Officer in June 1996, and was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors in May 2007. From November 1988 to September 1992, Mr. Gaulke served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Raynet Corporation, a subsidiary of Raychem Corporation. Prior to joining Raynet, Mr. Gaulke was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Spectra Physics, Inc., where he was employed from 1979 to 1988. From 1972 to 1979, Mr. Gaulke served as a consultant with McKinsey & Company. Mr. Gaulke is a member of the Board of Directors of Cymer, Inc. and serves on the Board of Trustees of the Palo Alto Medical Foundation. Mr. Gaulke received an M.B.A. (1972) in Marketing and Operations from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business and a B.S.

(1968) in Electrical Engineering from Oregon State University.

Paul R. Johnston, Ph.D., joined the Company in 1981, was promoted to Principal Engineer in 1987, and to Vice President in 1996. In 1997, he assumed responsibility for the firm’s network of offices. In July 2003, he was appointed Chief Operating Officer and added responsibility for the Health and Environmental Groups. In 2006, he assumed line responsibility for all of the firm’s consulting groups. Dr. Johnston was named President in May 2007. He received his Ph.D. (1981) in Civil Engineering and M.S. (1977) in Structural Engineering from Stanford University. He received his B.A.I. (1976) in Civil Engineering with First Class Honors from Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland where he was elected a Foundation Scholar in 1975. Dr. Johnston is a Registered Professional Civil Engineer in the State of California and a Chartered Engineer in Ireland.

Elizabeth L. Anderson, Ph.D., joined the Company in June 2006 as a Group Vice President. Prior to joining Exponent, Dr. Anderson was President and CEO of Sciences International, a health and environmental consulting firm. Dr. Anderson received her Ph.D. (1970) in Organic Chemistry from The American University, M.S. (1964) in Organic


 

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Chemistry from the University of Virginia and B.S. (1962) in Chemistry from the College of William and Mary. Dr. Anderson is a Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences, founder and past-President of the Society for Risk Analysis and Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Risk Analysis: An International Journal.

Paul D. Boehm, Ph.D., joined the Company in April 2004 as a Group Vice President. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Boehm was Vice President and Market Manager, Oil and Gas Sector, at Battelle Memorial Institute from 2001 to 2004. From 1999 to 2001, Dr. Boehm was Vice President and Managing Director, Environmental Health and Safety Consulting at Arthur D. Little, Inc. Dr. Boehm received his Ph.D. (1977) and M.S. (1973) in Oceanography from the University of Rhode Island and B.S. (1970) in Chemical Engineering from the University of Rochester. Dr. Boehm has published more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and authored numerous reports on environmental forensics and impact assessments. Dr. Boehm has been chosen to serve on several National Research Council panels.

Robert D. Caligiuri, Ph.D., joined the Company in 1987. He was promoted to Principal Engineer in 1990 and Group Vice President in 1999. Dr. Caligiuri received his Ph.D. (1977) and M.S. (1974) in Materials Science and Engineering from Stanford University and B.S. (1973) in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Davis. Prior to joining the Company he was a Program Manager and Materials Scientist for SRI International. He is a Registered Professional Metallurgical Engineer in the State of California, a Licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Utah and is a Fellow of the American Society for Materials.

Subbaiah V. Malladi, Ph.D., joined the Company in 1982 as a Senior Engineer, becoming a Senior Vice President in January 1988 and a Corporate Vice President in September 1993. In October 1998, Dr. Malladi was appointed Chief Technical Officer of the Company. Dr. Malladi also served as a Director of the Company from March 1991 through September 1993. He was re-appointed as a Director in April 1996 and served on the Board until May 2005. He received a Ph.D. (1980) in Mechanical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology, M.Tech (1972) in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, B.E. (1970) in Mechanical Engineering from SRI Venkateswara University, India and B.S. (1966) in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics from Osmania University, India. Dr.

Malladi is a Registered Professional Mechanical Engineer in the State of California.

John E. Moalli, Sc.D., joined the Company in 1992. He was promoted to Principal Engineer in 1997 and Group Vice President in 2002. Dr. Moalli received his Sc.D. (1992) in Polymers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and B.S. (1987) in Civil Engineering from Northeastern University. He is a member of the Society for the Plastics Industry, Society for Plastics Engineers and a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Medical Plastics and Biomaterials.

John D. Osteraas, Ph.D., worked for the Company from 1982 to 1985 as a Senior Engineer. He rejoined the Company in 1990 as a Managing Engineer. He was promoted to Principal Engineer in 1992 and Group Vice President in 2006. Dr. Osteraas received his Ph.D. (1990) in Civil Engineering and M.S. (1977) in Civil Engineering: Structural Engineering from Stanford University and B.S. (1976) in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Osteraas is a Registered Professional Engineer in nine states and is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Richard L. Schlenker, Jr. joined the Company in 1990. Mr. Schlenker is the Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company. He was appointed Chief Financial Officer in July 1999 and was appointed Secretary of the Company in November 1997. Mr. Schlenker was the Director of Human Resources from 1998 until his appointment as CFO. He was the Manager of Corporate Development from 1996 until 1998. From 1993 to 1996, Mr. Schlenker was a Business Manager, where he managed the business activities for multiple consulting practices within the Company. Prior to 1993, he held several different positions in finance and accounting within the Company. Mr. Schlenker holds a B.S. in Finance from the University of Southern California.


 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Exponent operates in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. These uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those mentioned elsewhere in this report and the following:

Absence of Backlog

Revenues are primarily derived from services provided in response to client requests or events that occur without notice, and engagements, generally billed as services are performed, are terminable or subject to postponement or delay at any time by clients. As a result, backlog at any particular time is small in relation to our quarterly or annual revenues and is not a reliable indicator of revenues for any future periods. Revenues and operating margins for any particular quarter are generally affected by staffing mix, resource requirements and timing and size of engagements.

Attraction and Retention of Key Employees

Exponent’s business involves the delivery of professional services and is labor-intensive. Our success depends in large part upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical and managerial personnel. Qualified personnel are in great demand and are likely to remain a limited resource for the foreseeable future. We cannot provide any assurance that we can continue to attract sufficient numbers of highly qualified technical and managerial personnel and to retain existing employees. The loss of key managerial employees or any significant number of employees could have a material adverse impact on our business, including our ability to secure and complete engagements.

Competition

The markets for our services are highly competitive. In addition, there are relatively low barriers to entry into our markets and we have faced, and expect to continue to face, additional competition from new entrants into our markets. Competitive pressure could reduce the market acceptance of our services and result in price reductions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Customer Concentration

We currently derive and believe that we will continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from clients, organizations and insurers related to the transportation industry and the government sector. For the fiscal year ended December 28, 2007 transportation industry related engagements accounted for approximately 14% of our revenues and government sector related engagements

accounted for approximately 14% of our revenues. The loss of any large client, organization or insurer related to the transportation industry or the government sector could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Economic Uncertainty

The markets that we serve are cyclical and subject to general economic conditions, particularly in light of the labor-intensive nature of our business and our relatively high compensation expenses. If the economy in which we operate, which is predominately in the U.S., were to experience a prolonged slowdown, demand for our services could be reduced considerably.

Professional Reputation

The professional reputation of Exponent and its consultants is critical to our ability to successfully compete for new client engagements and attract or retain professionals. Any factors that damage our professional reputation could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Regulation

Public concern over health, safety and preservation of the environment has resulted in the enactment of a broad range of environmental and/or other laws and regulations by local, state and federal lawmakers and agencies. These laws and the implementing regulations affect nearly every industry, as well as the agencies of federal, state and local governments charged with their enforcement. To the extent changes in such laws, regulations and enforcement or other factors significantly reduce the exposures of manufacturers, owners, service providers and others to liability, the demand for our services may be significantly reduced.

Tort Reform

Several of our practices have a significant concentration in litigation support consulting services. To the extent tort reform reduces the exposure of manufacturers, owners, service providers and others to liability, the demand for our litigation support consulting services may be significantly reduced.

Variability of Quarterly Financial Results

Variations in our revenues and operating results occur from time to time, as a result of a number of factors, such as the significance of client engagements commenced and completed during a


 

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quarter, the timing of engagements, the number of working days in a quarter, employee hiring and utilization rates, and integration of companies acquired. Because a high percentage of our expenses, particularly personnel and facilities related expenses, are relatively fixed in advance of any particular quarter, a variation in the timing of the initiation or the completion of our client assignments can cause significant variations in operating results from quarter to quarter.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Our Silicon Valley office facilities consist of a 153,738 square foot building, with office and laboratory space located on a 6.3-acre tract of land we own in Menlo Park, California and an adjacent 27,000 square feet of leased warehouse storage space.

Our Test and Engineering Center (“TEC”) occupies 147 acres in Phoenix, Arizona. We lease this land from the state of Arizona under a 30-year lease agreement that expires in January 2028 and have options to renew for two fifteen-year periods. We constructed an indoor test facility as well as an engineering and test preparation building at the TEC.

In addition, we lease office, warehouse and laboratory space in 21 other locations in 13 states and the District of Columbia, as well as in Germany, China, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Leases for these offices, warehouse and laboratory facilities have terms generally ranging between one and ten years. Aggregate lease expense in fiscal 2007 for all leased properties was $4,996,000.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Exponent is not engaged in any material legal proceedings.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

 

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Exponent’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, which up until July 1, 2006 was the NASDAQ National Market, under the symbol “EXPO”. The following table sets forth for the fiscal periods indicated the high and low closing sales prices for our common stock.

 

Stock prices by quarter

   High    Low

Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2006:

     

First Quarter

   $ 16.63    $ 14.27

Second Quarter

   $ 17.00    $ 14.94

Third Quarter

   $ 17.55    $ 14.70

Fourth Quarter

   $ 19.05    $ 16.60

Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2007:

     

First Quarter

   $ 19.95    $ 17.27

Second Quarter

   $ 23.32    $ 19.85

Third Quarter

   $ 26.43    $ 20.70

Fourth Quarter

   $ 30.21    $ 25.40

As of February 22, 2008, there were 371 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of the shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we believe that there are considerably more beneficial holders of our common stock than record holders.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. See Item 7 of Part II “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources.”


 

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The following table provides information on the Company’s share repurchases (of Company common stock) for the quarter ended December 28, 2007 (in thousands, except price per share):

 

     Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
   Average Price
Paid Per Share
   Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Programs
   Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares That
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Program (1)

September 29 to October 26

   —        —      —      $ 21,366

October 27 to November 23

   40    $ 27.60    40    $ 20,262

November 24 to December 28

   149    $ 27.66    149    $ 16,136
               

Total

   189    $ 27.65    189   

 

 

(1)

In April 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved up to $35 million for repurchases of the Company’s common stock. On May 22, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $35 million for stock repurchases. These plans have no expiration date.

COMPANY STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The graph compares the Company’s cumulative total stockholder return calculated on a dividend-reinvested basis from 2002 through 2007 with those of the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 Index and the S&P SmallCap 600 Index. The Company does not have a comparable peer group and thus has selected the S&P Small Cap 600 Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on the last day of 2002. Note that the historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

LOGO

 

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Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data are derived from our consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and with Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

     Fiscal Year

(In thousands, except per share data)

   2007    2006    2005    2004    2003

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

              

Revenues before reimbursements

   $ 183,139    $ 156,742    $ 142,861    $ 138,718    $ 125,943

Revenues

   $ 205,148    $ 168,496    $ 155,196    $ 151,509    $ 139,676

Operating income

   $ 29,944    $ 20,189    $ 20,380    $ 19,324    $ 16,902

Net income

   $ 20,341    $ 14,194    $ 14,186    $ 12,040    $ 10,166

Net income per share:

              

Basic

   $ 1.36    $ 0.89    $ 0.88    $ 0.78    $ 0.71

Diluted

   $ 1.25    $ 0.83    $ 0.81    $ 0.71    $ 0.64

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

              

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 10,700    $ 5,238    $ 13,216    $ 4,680    $ 5,666

Short-term investments

   $ 53,034    $ 52,844    $ 55,682    $ 55,366    $ 35,932

Working capital

   $ 88,794    $ 81,280    $ 93,755    $ 78,972    $ 57,519

Total assets

   $ 182,391    $ 161,216    $ 164,241    $ 144,132    $ 121,842

Long-term liabilities

   $ 6,509    $ 6,185    $ 4,631    $ 2,571    $ 2,494

Total stockholders’ equity

   $ 131,919    $ 124,305    $ 133,200    $ 117,022    $ 95,118

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Exponent, Inc. is a science and engineering consulting firm that provides solutions to complex problems. Our multidisciplinary team of scientists, physicians, engineers, business and regulatory consultants brings together more than 90 different technical disciplines to solve complicated issues facing industry and government today. Our services include analysis of products, people, property, processes and finances related to litigation, product recall, regulatory compliance, research, development and design.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can have a significant impact on our revenue, operating income and net income, as well as on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. We base our

assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a regular basis we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates and make changes accordingly. We believe that the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in the accounting for revenue recognition and estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. We discuss below the assumptions, judgements and estimates associated with these policies. Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. For further information on our critical accounting policies, see Note 1 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue recognition. We derive our revenues primarily from professional fees earned on consulting


 

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engagements, product sales in our technology development practice, fees earned for the use of our equipment and facilities, as well as reimbursements for outside direct expenses associated with the services that are billed to our clients.

Substantially all of our engagements are performed under time and material or fixed-price billing arrangements. On time and material and fixed-price projects, revenue is generally recognized as the services are performed. For substantially all of our fixed-price engagements we recognize revenue based on the relationship of incurred labor hours at standard rates to our estimate of the total labor hours at standard rates we expect to incur over the term of the contract. Our estimate of total labor hours we expect to incur over the term of the contract is based on the nature of the project and our past experience on similar projects. We believe this methodology achieves a reliable measure of the revenue from the consulting services we provide to our customers under fixed-price contracts.

Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the revenues recognized in any accounting period. These judgments and estimates include an assessment of collectibility and, for fixed-price engagements, an estimate as to the total effort required to complete the project. If we made different judgments or utilized different estimates, the amount and timing of our revenue for any period could be materially different.

 

All contracts are subject to review by management, which requires a positive assessment of the collectibility of contract amounts. If, during the course of the contract, we determine that collection of revenue is not reasonably assured, we do not recognize the revenue until its collection becomes reasonably assured, which in those situations would generally be upon receipt of cash. We assess collectibility based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the client, as well as the credit-worthiness of the client. Losses on fixed-price contracts are recognized during the period in which the loss first becomes evident. Contract losses are determined to be the amount by which the estimated total costs of the contract exceeds the total fixed price of the contract.

Estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts. We must make estimates of our ability to collect accounts receivable and our unbilled work-in-process. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us, we record a specific allowance to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. For all other customers we recognize allowances for doubtful accounts based upon historical bad debts, customer concentration, customer credit-worthiness, current economic conditions and changes in customer payment terms. As of December 28, 2007, our accounts receivable balance was $59.8 million, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.2 million.


 

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated, the percentage of revenues of certain items in our consolidated statements of income and the percentage increase (decrease) in the dollar amount of such items year to year:

 

     PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES
FOR FISCAL YEARS
    PERIOD TO
PERIOD CHANGE
 
     2007     2006     2005     2007 vs. 2006     2006 vs. 2005  

Revenues

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %   21.8 %   8.6 %

Operating expenses:

          

Compensation and related expenses

   58.2     62.8     60.5     12.9     12.7  

Other operating expenses

   10.6     11.8     12.0     8.9     6.8  

Reimbursable expenses

   10.7     7.0     8.0     87.2     (4.7 )

General and administrative expenses

   5.9     6.4     6.4     11.4     9.2  
                              
   85.4     88.0     86.9     18.1     10.0  
                              

Operating income

   14.6     12.0     13.1     48.3     (0.9 )

Other income, net

   1.8     2.0     1.5     8.6     51.4  
                              

Income before income taxes

   16.4     14.0     14.6     42.6     4.2  

Provision for income taxes

   6.5     5.6     5.5     41.6     11.3  
                              

Net income

   9.9 %   8.4 %   9.1 %   43.3 %   0.1 %
                              

 

OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 28, 2007

During fiscal 2007, we had a 21.8% increase in revenues as compared to fiscal 2006. This growth was driven by a broad set of practices including technology development, health sciences, mechanical engineering & materials science, vehicle analysis, electrical & semiconductors and eco-sciences. Our technology development practice had a strong year as we continued to support the U.S. Army’s efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq. In our health sciences group we expanded our business, providing solutions to complex health problems that require an experienced team of multi-disciplined health professionals. Our mechanical engineering & materials science practice continued to expand our portfolio of projects in the energy sector and product design consulting work for consumer electronics companies. In our vehicle analysis practice, we continued to grow our business, providing design analysis, vehicle crash testing, component testing and accident reconstruction services.

 

Our revenue growth was driven primarily by an increase in billable hours, higher billing rates and an increase in product sales in our technology development practice. Total billable hours increased 9.0% to 825,000 during fiscal 2007 as compared to 757,000 during fiscal 2006. The increase in billable hours was supported by an increase in utilization and technical full-time equivalent employees. Utilization increased to 68% for fiscal 2007 as compared to 64% for fiscal 2006. This increase in utilization was due to an increase in demand for our services across a broad set of practices. Technical full-time equivalent employees increased by 2.3% to 581 during fiscal 2007 as compared to 568 during fiscal 2006. This increase in technical full time equivalent employees was due to our continued recruiting and retention efforts. Product sales in our technology development practice increased 272% to $11.9 million for fiscal 2007 as compared to $3.2 million for fiscal 2006. This increase in product sales was primarily due to an increase in sales of robots and surveillance systems to the U.S. Army.

Due to the increase in utilization, the increase in product sales and the management of our operating expenses we were able to leverage this revenue growth to improve operating income by 48.3% and net income by 43.3%.


 

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FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 28, 2007, AND DECEMBER 29, 2006

Revenues

Our revenues consist of professional fees earned on consulting engagements, product sales in our technology development practice, fees for use of our equipment and facilities, as well as reimbursements for outside direct expenses associated with the services performed that are billed to our clients. We operate on a 52-53 week fiscal year with each year ending on the Friday closest to December 31st. The fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 included 52 weeks of activity.

 

      Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 157,987     $ 130,960     20.6 %

Percentage of total revenues

     77.0 %     77.7 %  

Environmental and health

     47,161       37,536     25.6 %

Percentage of total revenues

     23.0 %     22.3 %  
                  

Total revenues

   $ 205,148     $ 168,496     21.8 %
                  

The increase in revenues for our engineering and other scientific segment during fiscal 2007 was the result of an increase in billable hours, higher billing rates and an increase in product sales in our technology development practice. During fiscal 2007, billable hours for this segment increased by 6.0% to 617,000 as compared to 582,000 during fiscal 2006. The increase in billable hours was supported by an increase in utilization and technical full-time equivalent employees. Utilization for this segment increased to 69% for fiscal 2007 as compared to 67% for fiscal 2006. Technical full-time equivalents for this segment increased by 3.1% to 432 during fiscal 2007 as compared to 419 during fiscal 2006. Product sales in our technology development practice increased 272% to $11.9 million for fiscal 2007 as compared to $3.2 million for fiscal 2006.

The increase in revenues for our environmental and health segment during fiscal 2007 was the result of an increase in billable hours and higher billing rates. During fiscal 2007 billable hours for this segment increased by 18.9% to 208,000 as compared to

175,000 during fiscal 2006. This increase in billable hours was supported by an increase in utilization. Utilization for this segment increased to 67% for fiscal 2007 as compared to 57% for fiscal 2006. Technical full-time equivalents for this segment were 149 for fiscal 2007 and 2006.

Revenues are primarily derived from services provided in response to client requests or events that occur without notice and engagements are generally terminable or subject to postponement or delay at any time by our clients. As a result, backlog at any particular time is small in relation to our quarterly or annual revenues and is not a reliable indicator of revenues for any future periods.

Compensation and Related Expenses

 

      Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Compensation and related expenses

   $ 119,496     $ 105,860     12.9 %

Percentage of total revenues

     58.2 %     62.8 %  

The increase in compensation and related expenses during fiscal 2007 was due to an increase in payroll expense, bonus expense and stock-based compensation. Payroll expense increased by $6.8 million due to an increase in technical full-time equivalent employees and the impact of our annual salary increase. Bonus expense increased by $6.2 million due to a corresponding increase in profitability. Stock-based compensation increased by $401,000 due to additional restricted stock unit grants during 2007. We expect compensation and related expenses to increase due to the anticipated hiring of additional staff and the impact of future annual salary increases.

Other Operating Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Other operating expenses

   $ 21,662     $ 19,886     8.9 %

Percentage of total revenues

     10.6 %     11.8 %  

Other operating expenses primarily include facilities-related costs, technical materials, computer-related expenses and depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The increase in other operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $961,000 in occupancy expense, an increase of $273,000 in


 

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computer-related expenses and a $236,000 increase in depreciation and amortization. The increase in occupancy expense, computer-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization were due to expansion in certain offices to support our increase in technical-full time equivalent employees. We anticipate other operating expenses to increase due to the support associated with the anticipated hiring of additional staff and the anticipated expansion of our offices.

Reimbursable Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Reimbursable expenses

   $ 22,009     $ 11,754     87.2 %

Percentage of total revenues

     10.7 %     7.0 %  

The increase in reimbursable expenses during fiscal 2007 was primarily due to a $6.0 million increase in project related costs associated with product sales in our technology development practice.

General and Administrative Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

General and administrative expenses

   $ 12,037     $ 10,807     11.4 %

Percentage of total revenues

     5.9 %     6.4 %  

The increase in general and administrative expenses during fiscal 2007 was primarily due to an increase in travel and meals of $560,000 and an increase in bad debt of $300,000. The increase in travel and meals was primarily due to the costs associated with a manager’s meeting held during 2007 and an increase in technical full-time equivalent employees. The increase in bad debt expense was due to an increase in write-offs and an increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Other Income and Expense

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Other income and expense

   $ 3,681     $ 3,389     8.6 %

Percentage of total revenues

     1.8 %     2.0 %  

Other income and expense, net, consists primarily of investment income earned on available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, rental income from leasing excess space in our Silicon

Valley facility, and changes in the value of assets associated with our deferred compensation plan. The increase in other income and expense during fiscal 2007 was primarily due to an increase in rental income of $421,000 due to the addition of a new tenant in our Silicon Valley facility during fiscal 2007. The increase in rental income was partially offset by a smaller increase in the fair value of deferred compensation plan assets. The fair value of deferred compensation plan assets increased by $356,000 during fiscal 2007 as compared to an increase of $581,000 during fiscal 2006.

Income Taxes

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2007     2006    

Income taxes

   $ 13,284     $ 9,384     41.6 %

Percentage of total revenues

     6.5 %     5.6 %  

Effective tax rate

     39.5 %     39.8 %  

The increase in income tax expense was due to a corresponding increase in pre-tax income.

FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 29, 2006, AND DECEMBER 30, 2005

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 130,960     $ 119,037     10.0 %

Percentage of total revenues

     77.7 %     76.7 %  

Environmental and health

     37,536       36,159     3.8 %

Percentage of total revenues

     22.3 %     23.3 %  
                  

Total revenues

   $ 168,496     $ 155,196     8.6 %
                  

The increase in revenues for our engineering and other scientific segment during fiscal 2006 was the result of higher billing rates and an increase in billable hours. During fiscal 2006, billable hours for this segment increased by 8.8% to 582,000 as compared to 535,000 during fiscal 2005. Technical full-time equivalents for this segment increased by 10.3% to 419 during fiscal 2006 as compared to 380 during fiscal 2005. Utilization for this segment decreased to 67% for fiscal 2006 as compared to 68% for fiscal 2005.

The increase in revenues for our environmental and health segment during fiscal 2006 was the result of higher billing rates, partially offset by a decrease in billable hours. During fiscal 2006 billable hours for


 

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this segment decreased by 1.7% to 175,000 as compared to 178,000 during fiscal 2005. This decrease in billable hours was primarily due to a decrease in the volume and size of new and recurring engagements in our ecosciences practice. This practice operates in one of our more competitive markets. Technical full-time equivalents for this segment increased by 7.2% to 149 during fiscal 2006 as compared to 139 during fiscal 2005. Utilization for this segment decreased to 57% for fiscal 2006 as compared to 61% for fiscal 2005.

Compensation and Related Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Compensation and related expenses

   $ 105,860     $ 93,963     12.7 %

Percentage of total revenues

     62.8 %     60.5 %  

The increase in compensation and related expenses during fiscal 2006 was due to an increase in payroll expense, stock-based compensation, and fringe benefits. Payroll expense increased by $8.0 million due to a corresponding increase in technical full-time equivalent employees and the impact of our annual salary increase. Stock-based compensation expense related to matching restricted stock units and stock options increased by $1.6 million due primarily to the adoption of SFAS 123(R) during 2006. Fringe benefits increased by $1.3 million due to the increase in technical full-time equivalent employees.

Other Operating Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Other operating expenses

   $ 19,886     $ 18,618     6.8 %

Percentage of total revenues

     11.8 %     12.0 %  

The increase in other operating expenses was primarily due to an increase of $650,000 in occupancy expense, an increase of $285,000 in computer-related expenses, and a $223,000 increase in depreciation and amortization. The increase in occupancy expense, computer-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization were due to expansion in certain offices to support our increase in technical-full time equivalent employees.

 

Reimbursable Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Reimbursable expenses

   $ 11,754     $ 12,335     (4.7 )%

Percentage of total revenues

     7.0 %     8.0 %  

The decrease in reimbursable expenses during fiscal 2006 was primarily due to a decrease in purchases of technical materials related to projects in our technology development practice.

General and Administrative Expenses

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

General and administrative expenses

   $ 10,807     $ 9,900     9.2 %

Percentage of total revenues

     6.4 %     6.4 %  

The increase in general and administrative expenses during fiscal 2006 was primarily due to an increase in travel and meals of $388,000 and an increase in other professional services of $295,000. The increase in travel and meals was primarily due to our increase in technical full-time equivalent employees and an increase in business development activities. The increase in other professional services was primarily due to $216,000 in sub-contractor fees related to a potential project with the U. S. government that was not executed by the end of fiscal 2004. This project was executed during the first quarter of fiscal 2005 and the sub-contractor fees previously expensed were recovered. The recovery of these expenses during fiscal 2005 contributed to the period-to-period increase in outside consulting services.

Other Income and Expense

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Other income and expense

   $ 3,389     $ 2,238     51.4 %

Percentage of total revenues

     2.0 %     1.5 %  

The increase in other income and expense during fiscal 2006 was primarily due to an increase in interest income of $723,000, an increase in the fair value of deferred compensation plan assets of $581,000 during fiscal 2006 as compared to $330,000 during fiscal 2005 and an increase in rental income of $94,000. The increase in interest income was due to higher balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-


 

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term investments and an increase in short term interest rates. Rental income increased due to the addition of a new tenant in our Silicon Valley facility.

Income Taxes

 

     Fiscal Years     Percent
Change
 

(In thousands)

   2006     2005    

Income taxes

   $ 9,384     $ 8,432     11.3 %

Percentage of total revenues

     5.6 %     5.5 %  

Effective tax rate

     39.8 %     37.3 %  

The increase in our effective tax rate during fiscal 2006 was primarily due to $150,000 in additional income tax expense related to a change in estimated federal and state income taxes for 2005. During fiscal 2005 we recorded a credit of $272,000 to income tax expense related to a change in estimated federal and state income taxes for 2004.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (“SFAS 157”), “Fair Value Measurements,” which defines fair value, establishes guidelines for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements but rather eliminates inconsistencies in guidance found in various prior accounting pronouncements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. However, on December 14, 2007, the FASB issued proposed FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-b which would delay the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). This proposed FSP partially defers the effective date of Statement 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP. Effective for fiscal 2008, we expect to adopt SFAS 157 except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities as noted in proposed FSP FAS 157-b. We are currently evaluating FAS 157, but do not expect the partial adoption of SFAS 157 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 allows entities to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected must be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option can be applied instrument by instrument, however the election is irrevocable. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating SFAS 159, but do not expect the adoption of SFAS 159 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (“SFAS 141R”), “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 160 (“SFAS 160”), “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51”. SFAS 141R will change how business acquisitions are accounted for and will impact financial statements both on the acquisition date and in subsequent periods. SFAS 160 will change the accounting and reporting for minority interests, which will be recharacterized as noncontrolling interests and classified as a component of equity. SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. We intend to adopt SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 in fiscal 2009.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Net cash provided by (used in):

      

Operating activities

   $ 26,950     $ 19,582     $ 13,815  

Investing activities

   $ (3,915 )   $ (795 )   $ (4,347 )

Financing activities

   $ (17,633 )   $ (26,974 )   $ (869 )

We financed our business in fiscal 2007 principally through available cash and cash flows from operating activities. We invest our excess cash in cash equivalents and short-term investments. At the end of fiscal 2007, we had $63.7 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments compared to $58.1 million at the end of the prior year.


 

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The increase in cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 was due to an increase in net income, a larger increase in accrued payroll and employee benefits, a larger increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and an increase in stock-based compensation partially offset by a larger increase in accounts receivable. The larger increase in accrued payroll and employee benefits was primarily due to an increase in accrued bonuses driven by a corresponding increase in profitability. The larger increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was due to the timing of payments to our vendors. The increase in stock-based compensation was due to additional restricted stock unit grants during fiscal 2007 and an increase in the accrued bonus that we expect to settle with fully vested restricted stock units. The larger increase in accounts receivable was due to an increase in revenues. Days sales outstanding decreased to 88 days at the end of fiscal 2007 as compared to 94 days at the end of fiscal 2006.

The increase in cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2006 as compared to fiscal 2005 was due to a smaller increase in accounts receivable and an increase in stock-based compensation partially offset by an increase in deferred income taxes. The smaller increase in accounts receivable was driven by lower days sales outstanding, which decreased to 94 days at the end of fiscal 2006 as compared to 101 days at the end of fiscal 2005. Stock-based compensation was $4.4 million during fiscal 2006 as compared to $2.1 million during fiscal 2005. The increase in stock-based compensation was primarily due to the adoption of SFAS 123(R) during fiscal 2006. During fiscal 2006 deferred income taxes were $3.2 million as compared to $1.5 million during fiscal 2005. The increase in deferred income taxes was due to the corresponding increase in stock-based compensation expense and an increase in amounts deferred under our non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

During fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, net cash used in investing activities primarily related to the purchase and sale or maturity of short-term investments.

The decrease in net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2007, as compared to fiscal 2006, was due to a decrease in repurchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs partially offset by an increase in proceeds from the issuance of common stock. Proceeds from the issuance of common stock are primarily related to the exercise of employee stock options and the purchase of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan. The

increase in net cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2006 was primarily due to an increase in repurchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs.

We expect to continue our investing activities, including purchases of short-term investments and capital expenditures. Furthermore, cash reserves may be used to repurchase common stock under our stock repurchase programs or strategically acquire professional services firms that are complementary to our business.

The following schedule summarizes our principal contractual commitments as of December 28, 2007 (in thousands):

 

Fiscal year

   Operating
lease
commitments
   Capital
leases
   Purchase
obligations
   Total

2008

   $ 5,465    $ 47    $ 1,026    $ 6,538

2009

     5,171      37      —        5,208

2010

     3,895      3      —        3,898

2011

     3,240      2      —        3,242

2012

     3,044      —        —        3,044

Thereafter

     5,194      —        —        5,194
                           
   $ 26,009    $ 89    $ 1,026    $ 27,124
                           

The above table does not reflect unrecognized tax benefits of $265,000, the timing of which is uncertain. Refer to Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion on unrecognized tax benefits.

We maintain a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for the benefit of a select group of highly compensated employees. Vested amounts due under the plan of $4.7 million were recorded as a long-term liability on our consolidated balance sheet at December 28, 2007. Company assets that are earmarked to pay benefits under the plan are held in a rabbi trust and are subject to the claims of our creditors. As of December 28, 2007 invested amounts under the plan of $4.9 million were recorded as a long-term asset on our consolidated balance sheet.

We have a revolving reducing mortgage note with a total available borrowing amount of $15.4 million and an outstanding balance of $0 as of February 22, 2008. Any amounts borrowed under the revolving reducing mortgage note are due and payable on January 31, 2009. We believe that our funds generated from operations will provide adequate cash to fund our anticipated cash needs through at least the next twelve-month period.


 

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In addition, we believe that the our funds generated from operations will provide adequate cash to fund our anticipated long-term cash needs beyond the next twelve-month period; however, we intend to grow our business by pursuing potential acquisitions, which could increase the need for additional sources of funds over the long-term.

As permitted under Delaware law, we have agreements whereby we indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was serving, at our request in such capacity. The indemnification period covers all pertinent events and occurrences during the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have director and officer insurance coverage that reduces our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. We believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements in excess of applicable insurance coverage is minimal.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of our ongoing business, we do not engage in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Exponent is exposed to interest rate risk associated with our balances of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. We manage our interest rate risk by maintaining an investment portfolio primarily consisting of debt instruments with high credit quality and relatively short average effective maturities (auction rate maturity set at date of next auction) in accordance with the Company’s investment policy. The maximum effective maturity of any issue in our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments is 3 years and the maximum average effective maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed 12 months.

Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our short-term investments. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our short-term investment portfolio. The average effective maturity of our investment portfolio of short-term investments and cash equivalents at December 28, 2007 was 0.76 years.

Notwithstanding our efforts to manage interest rate risk, there can be no assurances that we will be adequately protected against the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations.

We are exposed to liquidity and credit risk associated with our municipal auction rate securities. In the event of a failed auction we would not have access to these funds until a future auction is successful. If the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions and their credit ratings deteriorate we may be required to adjust the carrying value of these investments through an impairment charge. Included within our investment portfolio at February 22, 2008 is one AAA rated municipal auction rate security valued at $1.0 million. Based on our ability to access our cash and other short-term investments, our expected operating cash flows, and our other sources of cash we do not expect any lack of liquidity related to this investment to negatively impact our ability to operate our business as usual.

We are exposed to some foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign operations. Given the limited nature of these operations, we believe that any exposure would be minimal.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

See Item 15 of this Form 10-K for required financial statements and supplementary data.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

 

(a) Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13(a)-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.


 

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(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13(a)-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 28, 2007.

 

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially effect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

 

PART III

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

The information required by this item with respect to our directors, code of ethics and compliance with section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference to the sections of the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) entitled “Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors,” “Code of Business Conduct and Corporate Governance” and “Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.” See Item 1 for information regarding the executive officers of the Company.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Executive Officer Compensation”.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections of the Proxy Statement entitled “Stock Ownership” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information”.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Related Party Transactions” and “Proposal No. 1 – Election of Directors”.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Principal Accounting Fees and Services”.


 

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

  1. Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements of Exponent, Inc. and subsidiaries and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included herewith:

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   25

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005

   26

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006

   27

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005

   28

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005

   29

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005

   31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   32

 

  2. Financial Statement Schedules

The following financial statement schedule of Exponent, Inc. for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 is filed as part of this Report and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of Exponent, Inc.

 

     Page

Schedule II - Valuation and qualifying accounts

   52

Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included elsewhere in the report.

 

  3. Exhibits

 

     Page

(a)     Exhibit Index

   53

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Exponent, Inc.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Exponent, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 28, 2007. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the accompanying financial statement schedule II. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, appearing under Item 9A(b). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule II, and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Exponent, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 28, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also in our opinion, Exponent, Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective December 31, 2005, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment.

KPMG LLP

San Francisco, California

March 5, 2008

 

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Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands, except per share data)

   2007    2006    2005

Revenues:

        

Revenues before reimbursements

   $ 183,139    $ 156,742    $ 142,861

Reimbursements

     22,009      11,754      12,335
                    

Revenues

     205,148      168,496      155,196
                    

Operating expenses:

        

Compensation and related expenses

     119,496      105,860      93,963

Other operating expenses

     21,662      19,886      18,618

Reimbursable expenses

     22,009      11,754      12,335

General and administrative expenses

     12,037      10,807      9,900
                    
     175,204      148,307      134,816
                    

Operating income

     29,944      20,189      20,380

Other income:

        

Interest income, net

     1,821      1,927      1,205

Miscellaneous income, net

     1,860      1,462      1,033
                    

Income before income taxes

     33,625      23,578      22,618

Provision for income taxes

     13,284      9,384      8,432
                    

Net income

   $ 20,341    $ 14,194    $ 14,186
                    

Net income per share:

        

Basic

   $ 1.36    $ 0.89    $ 0.88

Diluted

   $ 1.25    $ 0.83    $ 0.81

Shares used in per share computations:

        

Basic

     15,007      15,883      16,212

Diluted

     16,322      17,196      17,538

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands, except per share data)

   2007     2006  

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 10,700     $ 5,238  

Short-term investments

     53,034       52,844  

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,177 and $1,793, respectively

     59,819       48,208  

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     5,754       3,484  

Deferred income taxes

     3,450       2,232  
                

Total current assets

     132,757       112,006  
                

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net

     29,409       29,577  

Goodwill

     8,607       8,607  

Deferred income taxes

     5,969       4,602  

Other assets

     5,649       6,424  
                
   $ 182,391     $ 161,216  
                

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 7,139     $ 4,887  

Accrued payroll and employee benefits

     30,366       21,773  

Deferred revenues

     6,458       4,066  
                

Total current liabilities

     43,963       30,726  

Other liabilities

     89       142  

Deferred compensation

     4,665       4,946  

Deferred rent

     1,755       1,097  
                

Total liabilities

     50,472       36,911  
                

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares outstanding

     —         —    

Common stock, $.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 16,427 shares issued

     16       16  

Additional paid-in capital

     59,772       50,799  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     347       93  

Retained earnings

     113,018       101,226  

Treasury stock, at cost: 2,068 and 1,714 shares held, respectively

     (41,234 )     (27,829 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     131,919       124,305  
                
   $ 182,391     $ 161,216  
                

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005  

Net income

   $ 20,341    $ 14,194    $ 14,186  
                      

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

        

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax

     150      154      (133 )

Unrealized gain arising during the period on short-term investments, net of tax

     104      32      5  
                      

Comprehensive income

   $ 20,595    $ 14,380    $ 14,058  
                      

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

 

     Common Stock    Additional
paid-in
capital
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
    Retained
earnings
    Treasury Stock     Total  

(In thousands)

   Shares    Amount          Shares     Amount    

Balance at December 31, 2004

   16,012    $ 16    $ 41,367     $ 114     $ 75,525     —       $ —       $ 117,022  

Employee stock purchase plan

   76      —        773       —         (50 )   (86 )     1,037       1,760  

Exercise of stock options, net of swaps

   104      —        (192 )     —         (1,339 )   (276 )     3,270       1,739  

Tax benefit for stock option plans

   —        —        1,068       —         —       —         —         1,068  

Amortization of unrecognized stock-based compensation

   —        —        604       —         —       —         —         604  

Purchase of treasury shares

   —        —        —         —         —       362       (4,307 )     (4,307 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   —        —        —         (212 )     —       —         —         (212 )

Issuance of restricted stock units

   —        —        1,342       —         —       —         —         1,342  

Unrealized gain on investments

   —        —        —         5       —       —         —         5  

Other

   —        —        (7 )     —         —       —         —         (7 )

Net income

   —        —        —         —         14,186     —         —         14,186  
                                                          

Balance at December 30, 2005

   16,192      16      44,955       (93 )     88,322     —         —         133,200  

Employee stock purchase plan

   14      —        231       —         (10 )   (35 )     566       787  

Exercise of stock options, net of swaps

   221      —        1,097       —         (1,280 )   (104 )     1,695       1,512  

Tax benefit for stock option plans

   —        —        869       —         —       —         —         869  

Amortization of unrecognized stock-based compensation

   —        —        2,197       —         —       —         —         2,197  

Purchase of treasury shares

   —        —        —         —         —       1,853       (30,090 )     (30,090 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   —        —        —         154       —       —         —         154  

Issuance of restricted stock units

   —        —        1,450       —         —       —         —         1,450  

Unrealized gain on investments

   —        —        —         32       —       —         —         32  

Net income

   —        —        —         —         14,194     —         —         14,194  
                                                          

Balance at December 29, 2006

   16,427      16      50,799       93       101,226     1,714       (27,829 )     124,305  

 

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     Common Stock    Additional
paid-in
capital
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
   Retained
earnings
    Treasury Stock     Total  

(In thousands)

   Shares    Amount           Shares     Amount    

Balance at December 29, 2006

   16,427      16      50,799       93      101,226     1,714       (27,829 )     124,305  

Employee stock purchase plan

   —        —        198       —        23     (35 )     555       776  

Exercise of stock options, net of swaps

   —        —        (132 )     —        (8,382 )   (641 )     10,036       1,522  

Tax benefit for stock option plans

   —        —        3,989       —        —       —         —         3,989  

Amortization of unrecognized stock-based compensation

   —        —        2,630       —        —       —         —         2,630  

Purchase of treasury shares

   —        —        —         —        —       1,042       (24,186 )     (24,186 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   —        —        —         150      —       —         —         150  

Issuance of restricted stock units

   —        —        2,288       —        —       —         —         2,288  

Settlement of restricted stock units

   —        —        —         —        (190 )   (12 )     190       —    

Unrealized gain on investments

   —        —        —         104      —       —         —         104  

Net income

   —        —        —         —        20,341     —         —         20,341  
                                                         

Balance at December 28, 2007

   16,427    $ 16    $ 59,772     $ 347    $ 113,018     2,068     $ (41,234 )   $ 131,919  
                                                         

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income

   $ 20,341     $ 14,194     $ 14,186  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements

     3,845       3,628       3,432  

Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts of short-term investments

     309       532       1,040  

Contribution to deferred compensation plan

     —         (1,000 )     —    

Amortization of deferred compensation contribution

     632       314       —    

Deferred rent expense

     658       (47 )     57  

Provision for doubtful accounts

     2,486       1,634       1,158  

Stock-based compensation

     6,195       4,414       2,055  

Deferred income tax provision

     (2,652 )     (3,158 )     (1,477 )

Tax benefit for stock option plans

     (3,989 )     (869 )     1,068  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     (14,097 )     (3,631 )     (8,783 )

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (1,126 )     (791 )     (684 )

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     5,484       1,564       (194 )

Accrued payroll and employee benefits

     6,472       1,096       1,274  

Deferred revenues

     2,392       1,702       683  
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     26,950       19,582       13,815  
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Capital expenditures

     (3,677 )     (3,205 )     (3,015 )

Other assets

     90       57       8  

Purchase of short-term investments

     (99,371 )     (117,569 )     (82,435 )

Sale/maturity of short-term investments

     99,043       119,922       81,095  
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (3,915 )     (795 )     (4,347 )
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Repayments of borrowings

     (51 )     (52 )     (61 )

Tax benefit for stock option plans

     3,989       869       —    

Repurchase of common stock

     (24,647 )     (30,090 )     (4,307 )

Issuance of treasury stock

     3,076       986       2,174  

Issuance of common stock

     —         1,313       1,325  
                        

Net cash used in financing activities

     (17,633 )     (26,974 )     (869 )
                        

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     60       209       (63 )
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     5,462       (7,978 )     8,536  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

     5,238       13,216       4,680  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   $ 10,700     $ 5,238     $ 13,216  
                        

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Exponent, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Exponent, Inc. together with its subsidiaries (referred to as the “Company”) is a science and engineering consulting firm that provides solutions to complex problems. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company operates on a 52-53 week fiscal year with each year ending on the Friday closest to December 31st. Fiscal periods 2007, 2006 and 2005 included 52 weeks of activity and ended on December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, respectively.

Stock Split

On May 24, 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation to (i) increase the number of authorized shares of common stock to 100,000,000, (ii) increase the number of authorized shares of preferred stock to 5,000,000, and (iii) effect a two-for-one stock split. As a result of the stock split, each shareholder of record at the close of business on May 24, 2006, received one additional share of common stock for each share held. For periods prior to the stock split, all share and per share data in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split.

The Company committed to stockholders in a letter dated May 23, 2006 to limit its use of the increased authorized capital stock to 40 million common shares, and 2 million preferred shares, unless the approval of the Company’s stockholders is obtained subsequently, such as through a further amendment to the Company’s authorized capital stock.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenues primarily from professional fees earned on consulting engagements, product sales in its technology development practice, fees earned for the use of its equipment and facilities, as well as reimbursements for outside direct expenses associated with the services that are billed to its clients.

 

The Company reports service revenues net of subcontractor fees. The Company has determined that it is not the primary obligor with respect to these subcontractors because:

 

   

its clients are directly involved in the subcontractor selection process;

 

   

the subcontractor is responsible for fulfilling the scope of work; and

 

   

the Company passes through the costs of subcontractor agreements with only a minimal fixed percentage mark-up to compensate it for processing the transactions.

Reimbursements, including those related to travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, and other similar third party costs such as the cost of materials, are included in revenues, and an equivalent amount of reimbursable expenses are included in operating expenses. Any mark-up on reimbursable expenses is included in revenues.

Substantially all of the Company’s engagements are performed under time and material or fixed-price billing arrangements. On time and material and fixed-price projects, revenue is generally recognized as the services are performed. For substantially all of the Company’s fixed-price engagements, it recognizes revenue based on the relationship of incurred labor hours at standard rates to its estimate of the total labor hours at standard rates it expects to incur over the term of the contract. The Company believes this methodology achieves a reliable measure of the revenue from the consulting services it provides to its customers under fixed-price contracts given the nature of the consulting services the Company provides and the following additional considerations:

 

   

the Company considers labor hours at standard rates and expenses to be incurred when pricing its contracts;

 

   

the Company generally does not incur set up costs on its contracts;

 

   

the Company does not believe that there are reliable milestones to measure progress toward completion;

 

   

if the contract is terminated early, the customer is required to pay the Company for time at standard rates plus materials incurred to date;


 

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the Company does not recognize revenue for award fees or bonuses until specific contractual criteria are met;

 

   

the Company does not include revenue for unpriced change orders until the customer agrees with the changes;

 

   

historically the Company has not had significant accounts receivable write-offs or cost overruns; and

 

   

its contracts are typically progress billed on a monthly basis.

Product revenue is recognized, when both title and risk of loss transfer to the customer and customer acceptance has occurred, provided that no significant obligations remain. Revenue from multiple-element arrangements is allocated based on the relative fair value of each element, which is generally based on the relative sales price for each element when sold separately. If the fair value of one or more delivered elements cannot be determined revenue is allocated based on the residual method.

Gross revenues and reimbursements for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, respectively, were:

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Gross revenues

   $ 210,253    $ 173,084    $ 167,994

Less: Subcontractor fees

     5,105      4,588      12,798
                    

Revenues

     205,148      168,496      155,196
                    

Reimbursements:

        

Out-of-pocket travel
reimbursements

     4,525      4,548      3,989

Other outside direct expenses

     17,484      7,206      8,346
                    
     22,009      11,754      12,335
                    

Revenues before reimbursements

   $ 183,139    $ 156,742    $ 142,861
                    

Significant management judgments and estimates must be made in connection with the revenues recognized in any accounting period. These judgments and estimates include an assessment of collectibility and, for fixed-price engagements, an estimate as to the total effort required to complete the project. If the Company made different judgments or utilized different estimates, the amount and timing of its revenue for any period could be materially different.

 

All contracts are subject to review by management, which requires a positive assessment of the collectibility of contract amounts. If, during the course of the contract, the Company determines that collection of revenue is not reasonably assured, it does not recognize the revenue until its collection becomes reasonably assured, which in those situations would generally be upon receipt of cash. The Company assesses collectibility based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the client, as well as the credit-worthiness of the client. Losses on fixed-price contracts are recognized during the period in which the loss first becomes evident. Contract losses are determined to be the amount by which the estimated total costs of the contract exceeds the total fixed price of the contract.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company translates the assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the local currency, at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. The adjustment resulting from translating the financial statements of such foreign subsidiaries is included in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is reflected as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments such as money market mutual funds, commercial paper and debt securities with original maturities of three months or less.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments consist of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and are carried at their fair value as of the balance sheet date. Short-term investments generally mature between three months and three years from the purchase date. Investments with maturities beyond one year are classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because such marketable securities represent investments readily available for current operations.


 

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The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization is included in interest income. Realized gains or losses are determined on the specific identification method and are reflected in other income. Net unrealized gains and losses are recorded directly in accumulated other comprehensive income except for unrealized losses that are deemed to be other-than-temporary, which are reflected in net income.

Short-term investments are reviewed on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than temporary decline in fair value. When assessing short-term investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value, the Company considers the significance of the decline in value as a percentage of the original cost, how long the market value of the investment has been less than its original cost, and any news that has been released specific to the investee.

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to meet their financial obligations. In circumstances where the Company is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations a specific allowance is recorded to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers the Company recognizes allowances for doubtful accounts based upon historical bad debts, customer concentration, customer credit-worthiness, current economic conditions and changes in customer payment terms.

Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method. Buildings are depreciated over their estimated useful lives ranging from thirty to forty years. Equipment is depreciated over its estimated useful life, which generally ranges from two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives, generally seven years, or the term of the related lease.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of

assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future cash flows to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company has not recognized impairment losses on any long-lived assets in fiscal 2007, 2006 or 2005.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of goodwill annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment review is completed at the end of the 47th week of each fiscal year. The Company assesses the impairment of intangible assets that are subject to amortization in accordance with SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets”, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. Factors that the Company considers when evaluating for possible impairment include the following:

 

   

significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;

 

   

significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for overall business; and

 

   

significant negative economic trends.

When evaluating the Company’s goodwill for impairment, based upon the existence of one or more of the above factors, the Company determines the existence of an impairment by assessing the fair value of the applicable reporting unit, including goodwill, using expected future cash flows to be generated by the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation, in accordance with FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied value of the reporting unit goodwill.

When determining whether the carrying value of amortizable intangible assets is impaired, based upon the existence of one or more of the above factors, the Company compares the carrying amount of the asset


 

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to the undiscounted future cash flows to be generated by the asset. If such cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the assets are tested for impairment. The impairment is measured and recognized as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment losses in fiscal 2007, 2006 or 2005.

Deferred Revenues

Deferred revenues represent amounts billed to clients in advance of services provided, primarily on fixed-price projects. The Company had $6,458,000 and $4,066,000 in deferred revenues as of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis and the financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from changes in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other assets and accounts payable. The carrying amount of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, other assets and accounts payable approximates their fair values.

Stock-Based Compensation

During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options and restricted stock unit grants based on estimated fair values. SFAS 123(R) supersedes the Company’s previous accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows”. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (“SAB 107”) relating to SFAS 123(R). The Company has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123(R).

 

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company elected the modified-prospective method of adoption, under which prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. Under this transition method of adoption, stock-based compensation expense for 2006 includes compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 30, 2005, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provision of SFAS 123. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted or modified after December 30, 2005 is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R).

SFAS 123(R) requires that the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow. As a result, the adoption of SFAS 123(R) reduces net operating cash flows and increases net financing cash flows in the periods after the effective date. Total cash flow will remain unchanged from what would have been reported. Pursuant to the income tax provisions included in SFAS 123(R), the Company has elected the “short-cut method” of computing our hypothetical additional paid-in capital pool. SFAS 123(R) also requires that the Company estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest and to revise the estimate as actual forfeitures differ from that estimate. Previously, the Company accounted for forfeitures under the provisions of SFAS 123, wherein the Company recognized forfeitures as they occurred. The Company estimated the forfeiture rates based on its historical experience.

Net Income Per Share

Basic per share amounts are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive per share amounts are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive securities, using the treasury stock method if their effect would be dilutive.


 

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The following schedule reconciles the denominators of the Company’s calculation for basic and diluted net income per share:

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Shares used in basic per share computation

   15,007    15,883    16,212

Effect of dilutive common stock options outstanding

   1,042    1,143    1,268

Effect of non-vested restricted stock units outstanding

   273    170    58
              

Shares used in diluted per share computation

   16,322    17,196    17,538
              

There were no options excluded from the diluted per share calculation for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006. Common stock options to purchase 5,000 shares were excluded from the diluted per share calculation for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2005 due to their antidilutive effect.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”) on December 30, 2006. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions and requires that companies recognize in their financial statements the benefit of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit based on the technical merits of the position. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, the tax disclosures in the consolidated financial statements have been updated to comply with the adopted standard.


 

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Note 2: Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of December 28, 2007:

 

(In thousands)

   Amortized
Cost
   Unrealized
Gains
   Unrealized
Losses
    Estimated
Fair Value

Classified as current assets:

          

Cash

   $ 8,524    $ —      $ —       $ 8,524
                            

Cash equivalents:

          

Money market securities

     176      —        —         176

Commercial Paper

     2,000      —        —         2,000
                            

Total cash equivalents

     2,176      —        —         2,176
                            

Total cash and cash equivalents

     10,700      —        —         10,700
                            

Short-term investments:

          

State and municipal auction rate securities

     2,500      —        —         2,500

State and municipal bonds

     50,422      154      (42 )     50,534
                            

Total short-term investments

     52,922      154      (42 )     53,034
                            

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 63,622    $ 154    $ (42 )   $ 63,734
                            

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of the following as of December 29, 2006:

 

(In thousands)

   Amortized
Cost
   Unrealized
Gains
   Unrealized
Losses
    Estimated
Fair Value

Classified as current assets:

          

Cash

   $ 4,775    $ —      $ —       $ 4,775
                            

Cash equivalents:

          

Money market securities

     463      —        —         463
                            

Total cash equivalents

     463      —        —         463
                            

Total cash and cash equivalents

     5,238      —        —         5,238
                            

Short-term investments:

          

State and municipal auction rate securities

     9,300      —        —         9,300

State and municipal bonds

     43,603      11      (70 )     43,544
                            

Total short-term investments

     52,903      11      (70 )     52,844
                            

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 58,141    $ 11    $ (70 )   $ 58,082
                            

 

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In accordance with EITF 03-1, the following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to available-for-sale securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 28, 2007:

 

(in thousands)

   Less than 12 Months     12 Months or More     Total  
   Fair
Value
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value    Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value    Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 

State and municipal bonds

   $ 4,881    $ (9 )   $ 3,621    $ (33 )   $ 8,502    $ (42 )

Market values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The declines in value of these investments are primarily related to changes in interest rates and are considered to be temporary in nature. All cash equivalents and short-term investments had effective maturities of three years or less, with an average effective maturity of 0.76 years as of December 28, 2007.

 

Note 3: Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006

Property:

     

Land

   $ 4,450    $ 4,450

Buildings

     32,791      32,687

Construction in progress

     419      681

Equipment:

     

Machinery and equipment

     23,602      20,468

Office furniture and equipment

     6,061      5,768

Leasehold improvements

     6,885      6,689
             
     74,208      70,743

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     44,799      41,166
             

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net

   $ 29,409    $ 29,577
             

Depreciation and amortization for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, was $3,845,000, $3,614,000 and $3,398,000, respectively.


 

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Note 4: Goodwill

Below is a breakdown of goodwill, reported by segment as of December 28, 2007:

 

(In thousands)

   Environmental
and health
   Engineering and
other scientific
   Total

Goodwill

   $ 8,099    $ 508    $ 8,607

There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 28, 2007. There were no goodwill impairments or gains or losses on disposals for any portion of the Company’s reporting units during the year ended December 28, 2007.

 

Note 5: Long-term Obligations

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006

Capital leases

   $ 89    $ 177

Other

     47      45
             
     136      222

Less current installments

     47      80
             

Long-term obligations, net of current portion

   $ 89    $ 142
             

Principal payments due on capital lease obligations are $47,000, $37,000, $3,000, $2,000 and $0 in fiscal 2008 through fiscal 2012, respectively, and $0 thereafter. See Note 11 for information regarding the Company’s deferred compensation plan.

The Company has a revolving reducing mortgage note (the “Mortgage Note”) secured by its Silicon Valley headquarters building. The Mortgage Note, which had an initial borrowing amount up to $30,000,000, is subject to automatic annual reductions in the amount available to be borrowed of between $1,250,000 to $2,053,000 per year until January 31, 2008, as scheduled in the Mortgage Note agreement. As of December 28, 2007, $17,448,000 was available to be borrowed and the outstanding balance was $0. Any outstanding amounts on the Mortgage Note are due and payable in full on January 31, 2009. The Company may from time to time during the term of the Mortgage Note borrow, partially or wholly repay its outstanding borrowings and re-borrow up to the maximum principal amounts, subject to the reductions in availability contained in the note. The Mortgage Note is also subject to two interest rate options of either prime less 1.5% (5.75% at December 28, 2007) or the fixed LIBOR plus 1.25% (5.75% at December 28, 2007) with a term option of one month, two months, three months, six months, nine months, or twelve months. Interest will be paid on a monthly basis. Principal amounts subject to the prime interest rate may be repaid at any time without penalty.

 

Principal amounts subject to the fixed LIBOR rate may also be repaid at any time but are subject to a prepayment penalty if paid before the fixed rate term, or additional interest if paid after the fixed rate term.

Note 6: Other Significant Balance Sheet Components

Account receivable, net

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006  

Billed accounts receivable

   $ 42,967     $ 32,527  

Unbilled accounts receivable

     19,029       17,474  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     (2,177 )     (1,793 )
                

Total accounts receivable, net

   $ 59,819     $ 48,208  
                

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006

Accounts payable

   $ 4,117    $ 2,855

Accrued liabilities

     3,022      2,032
             

Total accounts payable and other accrued liabilities

   $ 7,139    $ 4,887
             

Accrued payroll and employee benefits

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006

Accrued bonuses payable

   $ 17,651    $ 11,491

Accrued 401(k) contributions

     4,965      4,790

Accrued vacation

     5,236      4,568

Other accrued payroll and employee benefits

     2,514      924
             

Total accrued payroll and employee benefits

   $ 30,366    $ 21,773
             

Other accrued payroll and employee benefits consist primarily of accrued wages, payroll taxes and disability insurance programs.


 

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Note 7: Income Taxes

Income before income taxes includes income from foreign operations of $1,943,000, $817,000 and $448,000 for fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Total income tax expense for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 consisted of the following:

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Current

      

Federal

   $ 12,170     $ 9,883     $ 7,828  

Foreign

     684       271       122  

State

     3,072       2,387       1,959  
                        
     15,926       12,541       9,909  

Deferred

      

Federal

     (2,152 )     (2,567 )     (1,204 )

State

     (490 )     (590 )     (273 )
                        
     (2,642 )     (3,157 )     (1,477 )
                        

Total

   $ 13,284     $ 9,384     $ 8,432  
                        

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 35% as shown in the following schedule:

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Tax at federal statutory rate

   $ 11,767     $ 8,252     $ 7,916  

State taxes, net of federal benefit

     1,678       1,168       1,094  

Tax exempt interest income

     (613 )     (654 )     (424 )

Non-deductible expenses

     214       190       177  

Non-deductible stock-based compensation

     69       110       —    

Other

     169       318       (331 )
                        

Tax expense

   $ 13,284     $ 9,384     $ 8,432  
                        

Effective tax rate

     39.5 %     39.8 %     37.3 %
                        

 

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006 are presented in the following schedule:

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Accrued liabilities and allowances

   $ 7,101     $ 5,307  

Deferred compensation

     4,308       3,247  

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements

     546       242  

Other

     —         55  
                

Total deferred tax assets

     11,955       8,851  
                

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

State taxes

     (622 )     (448 )

Deductible goodwill

     (1,679 )     (1,411 )

Other

     (235 )     (158 )
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (2,536 )     (2,017 )
                

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 9,419     $ 6,834  
                

Management believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets.

The Company is entitled to a deduction for federal and state tax purposes with respect to employees’ stock option activity. The net deduction in taxes otherwise payable arising from that deduction has been credited to additional paid-in capital. For the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 the net deduction in tax payable arising from employees’ stock option activity was $3,989,000, $869,000 and $1,068,000 respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examination for years prior to 2004. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or non-U.S. income tax examination by tax authorities for years prior to 2003.

The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, on December 30, 2006. At December 30, 2006, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $258,000, which primarily related to uncertainty regarding the sustainability of certain deductions taken on the Company’s federal and state income tax returns. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:


 

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Balance at December 30, 2006

   $ 258,000  

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year

     54,000  

Additions for tax positions of prior years

     3,000  

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

     (45,000 )

Settlements

     (5,000 )
        

Balance at December 28, 2007

   $ 265,000  
        

Unrecognized tax benefits are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, they will impact the effective tax rate in a future period. There are no uncertain tax positions whose resolution in the next 12 months is expected to materially affect operating results. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are insignificant at December 28, 2007.

Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Company committed to stockholders in a letter dated May 23, 2006 to limit its use to 2,000,000 preferred shares, unless the approval of the Company’s stockholders is obtained subsequently, such as through a further amendment to the Company’s authorized capital stock. None of the preferred shares were issued and outstanding at December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income consists of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on short-term investments.

Treasury Stock

Net losses related to the re-issuance of treasury stock of $8,549,000, $1,290,000 and $1,389,000 were recorded as a reduction to retained earnings during fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Repurchase of Common Stock

On May 22, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $35 million for stock repurchases. The Company repurchased 1,042,000 shares of its common stock for $24.2 million during the twelve months ended December 28, 2007. The Company repurchased 1,853,000 shares of its common stock for $30.1 million during the twelve

months ended December 29, 2006. As of December 28, 2007, the Company had remaining authorization under its stock repurchase plan of $16.1 million to repurchase shares of common stock.

Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (The “Purchase Plan”), amended in 1999, an annual increase can be added on each anniversary date of the adoption of the Plan equal to the lesser of: 400,000 shares, 3% of outstanding shares on such date or an amount determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors did not approve an increase to this plan in 2007, 2006 or 2005. Qualified employees may elect to have a certain percentage (not to exceed 15%) of their salary withheld for purchase of stock pursuant to this plan. The Purchase Plan allows employees to purchase Company shares at 95% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of purchase. As of December 28, 2007, 2,079,212 shares have been sold and 1,100,788 shares were available for issuance under the Purchase Plan. Weighted average purchase prices for shares sold under the plan in fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $22.33, $16.06 and $10.91, respectively.

Restricted Stock Plan

The Restricted Stock Plan was approved at the 1999 Stockholders’ Meeting. The terms of the restrictions are to be determined by the Board of Directors upon grant. This plan initially provided for 200,000 shares to be available for grant and includes a clause which states “that an annual increase can be added on each anniversary date of the adoption of the plan equal to the lesser of: 400,000 shares, 2% of outstanding shares on such date or a lesser amount determined by the Board of Directors.” The Board of Directors approved increases of 296,000 shares, 320,000 shares and 320,000 shares in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As of December 28, 2007, 926,115 awards have been granted under the 1999 Restricted Stock Plan, 452,373 of which are outstanding.


 

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Activity under the Restricted Stock Plan is as follows(1):

 

     Awards
available
for grant
    Number of
awards
outstanding
    Weighted-
average
fair value

Balance as of December 31, 2004

   1,392,456     96,998     $ 11.51

Awards granted

   (264,156 )   264,156       12.09

Awards vested

   —       (116,886 )     11.90

Awards cancelled

   19,430     (19,430 )     12.29

Additional shares reserved

   320,000     —         —  
                  

Balance as of December 30, 2005

   1,467,730     224,838     $ 11.93

Awards granted

   (205,068 )   205,068       15.63

Awards vested

   —       (100,146 )     15.31

Awards cancelled

   7,642     (7,642 )     12.26

Additional shares reserved

   320,000     —         —  
                  

Balance as of December 29, 2006

   1,590,304     322,118     $ 13.22

Awards granted

   (271,763 )   271,763       18.83

Awards vested

   —       (132,128 )     18.26

Awards cancelled

   9,380     (9,380 )     13.12

Additional shares reserved

   296,000     —         —  
                  

Balance as of December 28, 2007

   1,623,921     452,373     $ 15.12
                  

 

 

(1)

Does not include employee stock purchase or stock option plans.

Stock Option Plans

The 1999 Stock Option Plan was approved at the 1999 Stockholders’ Meeting. The 1999 Stock Option Plan is an incentive stock option plan, which provided initially for 800,000 shares to be available for grant. The plan includes a clause which states “an annual increase can be added on each anniversary date of the adoption of the plan equal to the lesser of: 600,000 shares, 3% of outstanding shares on such date or an amount determined by the Board of Directors.” The Board of Directors approved

increases of 0 shares, 480,000 shares and 480,000 shares in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The plan provides for a grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options and stock purchase rights at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant. Options are granted for terms of up to ten years and generally vest ratably over a four-year period from the grant date. As of December 28, 2007, the Company has granted 2,455,000 options under the 1999 Stock Option Plan, 1,385,400 of which are outstanding.

The 1998 Stock Option Plan is a non-statutory stock option plan, which initially covered up to an aggregate of 600,000 shares of common stock. The 1998 Stock Option Plan provides for the grant of restricted stock or non-qualified options. The non-qualified options are exercisable at a price not less than 85% of the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant. Options are granted for terms of up to ten years and generally vest ratably over a four-year period from the grant date. As of December 28, 2007, the Company has granted 1,525,768 shares under the 1998 Stock Option Plan, of which 71,996 were restricted shares. There were 132,750 shares outstanding under this plan at December 28, 2007.

The 1990 Stock Option Plan is an incentive stock option plan, which covers up to an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of common stock. This plan expired in 2000. The 1990 Stock Option Plan provided for the grant of either incentive stock options, exercisable at a price equal to the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, or non-qualified options, exercisable at a price not less than 85% of the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant. All 4,000,000 shares have been granted, of which 193,200 shares were outstanding as of December 28, 2007.


 

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Option activity under the stock option plans is as follows(1):

 

     Options
available
for grant
    Number
of shares
outstanding
    Weighted-
average
exercise
price
   Weighted-
average
remaining
contractual
term (years)
   Aggregate
intrinsic
value (in
thousands)

Balance as of December 31, 2004

   1,088,070     2,915,852     $ 5.32      

Options granted

   (110,000 )   110,000       11.91      

Options cancelled

   4,748     (7,248 )     5.49      

Options exercised

   —       (404,992 )     4.94      

Additional shares reserved

   480,000     —         —        
                        

Balance as of December 30, 2005

   1,462,818     2,613,612     $ 5.65      

Options granted

   (75,000 )   75,000       15.65      

Options cancelled

   4,000     (5,500 )     5.24      

Options exercised

   —       (341,753 )     5.18      

Additional shares Reserved

   480,000     —         —        
                        

Balance as of December 29, 2006

   1,871,818     2,341,359     $ 6.04      

Options granted

   (100,000 )   100,000       19.10      

Options cancelled

   —       —         —        

Options exercised

   —       (730,009 )     4.43      

Additional shares Reserved

   —       —         —        
                        

Balance as of December 28, 2007

   1,771,818     1,711,350     $ 7.49    4.34    $ 33,978
                              

Vested and expected to vest at December 28, 2007

     1,686,172     $ 7.37    4.28    $ 33,681
                          

Exercisable at December 28, 2007

     1,443,350     $ 6.02    3.67    $ 30,773
                          

 

 

(1)

Does not include restricted stock or employee stock purchase plans

 

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the twelve month period ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 was $12,980,000, $3,785,000 and 3,143,000, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock

price on the last trading day of the year ended December 28, 2007, and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 28, 2007. This amount changes based on the fair-value of the Company’s stock.


 

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Table of Contents

Information regarding options outstanding at December 28, 2007 is summarized below:

 

     Outstanding    Exercisable

Range of

exercise price

   Number
of
options
   Weighted-
average
remaining
life in years
   Weighted-
average
exercise
price
   Number
of
shares
   Weighted
average
exercise
price

$2.88-$4.44

   499,600    1.90    $ 3.62    499,600    $ 3.62

$5.00-$7.02

   746,750    4.14    $ 6.29    746,750    $ 6.29

$7.66-$11.45

   155,000    6.00    $ 10.16    117,500    $ 9.78

$12.02-$15.65

   210,000    7.36    $ 13.43    79,500    $ 13.01

$18.37-$22.02

   100,000    9.16    $ 19.10    —      $ —  
                            
   1,711,350    4.34    $ 7.49    1,443,350    $ 6.02
                            

 

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units to employees and outside directors under the 1999 Restricted Stock Plan. These restricted stock unit grants are designed to attract and retain employees, and to better align employee interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. For a select group of employees, up to 40% of their annual bonus is settled with fully vested restricted stock unit awards. Under these fully vested restricted stock unit awards, the holder of each award has the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock for each fully vested restricted stock unit four years from the date of grant. Each individual who received a fully vested restricted stock unit award is also granted a matching number of unvested restricted stock unit awards. These unvested restricted stock unit awards cliff vest four years from the date of grant, at which time the holder of each award will have the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock for each restricted stock unit award provided the holder of each award has met certain employment conditions. In the case of retirement at 59 1/2 years or older, all unvested restricted stock unit awards will continue to vest provided the holder of each award does all consulting work through the Company and does not become an employee for a past or present client, beneficial party or competitor of the Company.

The value of these restricted stock unit awards is determined based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The value of fully vested restricted stock unit awards issued is recorded as a reduction to accrued bonuses. The portion of bonus expense that the Company expects to settle with fully vested restricted stock unit awards is recorded as stock-based compensation during the period the bonus is earned. For the twelve months ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense associated with

accrued bonus awards of $3,565,000, $2,217,000 and $1,450,000, respectively. Prior to the adoption of FAS 123(R) the value of the unvested restricted stock unit awards was amortized on a straight-line basis over the four-year vesting period regardless of the age of the award recipient. Subsequent to the adoption of FAS 123(R) the value of these awards was amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the four-year vesting period or the period between the grant date and the date the award recipient turns 59 1/2. If the award recipient was 59 1/2 years or older on the date of grant, the value of the entire award was expensed upon grant. Stock-based compensation cost recognized in fiscal 2007 and 2006 that would have been recognized in prior years had the requisite service period provisions of SFAS 123(R) been applied to awards granted prior to 2006 was $189,000 and $218,000, respectively.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense associated with the unvested restricted stock unit awards of $1,887,000, $1,223,000 and $604,000 during the twelve months ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, respectively.

Stock Options

The Company currently grants stock options under the 1999 Stock Option Plan. Options are granted for terms of ten years and generally vest ratably over a four-year period from the grant date. The Company grants options at exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. During the twelve months ended December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $447,000 and $862,000, respectively, associated with stock options granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 30, 2005. During the twelve months ended December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, the


 

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Table of Contents

Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $296,000 and $112,000, respectively, associated with stock options granted after December 30, 2005. There was no stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options recognized during the twelve months ended December 30, 2005.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted. The determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include expected stock price volatility over the term of the award, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The Company used historical exercise and post-vesting forfeiture and expiration data to estimate the

expected term of options granted. The historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period of time equal to the expected term of the options granted was used to estimate expected volatility. The risk-free interest rate used in the option-pricing model was based on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term on the options. The Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and therefore used an expected dividend yield of zero in the option-pricing model. The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Historical data was used to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and stock-based compensation expense was recorded only for those awards that are expected to vest. All share based payment awards are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards.


 

The assumptions used to value option grants for the twelve months ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 are as follows:

 

     Stock Option Plan  
     2007     2006     2005  

Expected life (in years)

   6.4     6.6     4.6  

Risk-free interest rate

   4.8 %   4.6 %   4.3 %

Volatility

   35 %   39 %   40 %

Dividend yield

   0 %   0 %   0 %

The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the twelve months ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 were $8.48, $7.47 and $5.45, respectively.

The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the twelve months ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 is as follows:

 

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Compensation and related expenses:

        

Restricted stock units

   $ 5,325    $ 3,344    $ 1,986

Stock option grants

     743      974      —  
                    

Sub-total

     6,068      4,318      1,986
                    

General and administrative expenses:

        

Restricted stock units

     127      96      69
                    

Sub-total

     127      96      69
                    

Total stock-based compensation expense

   $ 6,195    $ 4,414    $ 2,055
                    

 

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the pro-forma amounts of net income and net income per share, for the twelve months ended December 30, 2005 that would have resulted if the Company had accounted for its stock option plans under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123(R):

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

   2005  

Reported net income:

   $ 14,186  

Add back: Intrinsic value stock-based compensation expense, net of tax

     1,300  

Deduct: Fair value stock-based compensation expense, net of tax

     (2,878 )
        

Adjusted net income:

   $ 12,608  
        

Net income per share:

  

As reported:

  

Basic

   $ 0.88  

Diluted

   $ 0.81  

Adjusted:

  

Basic

   $ 0.78  

Diluted

   $ 0.72  

Shares used in per share calculations:

  

As reported:

  

Basic

     16,212  

Diluted

     17,538  

Adjusted:

  

Basic

     16,212  

Diluted

     17,394  

As of December 28, 2007, there was $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years, related to unvested restricted stock unit awards and $1.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost, expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years, related to unvested stock options. Total unrecognized compensation cost will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures.

A summary of the Company’s unvested stock options is as follows:

 

     Unvested
options
outstanding
    Weighted-
average
fair value

Balance of unvested stock options as of December 30, 2005

   609,038     $ 4.58

Options granted

   75,000       7.47

Options vested

   (326,788 )     4.37

Options forfeited

   (1,500 )     3.83
            

Balance of unvested stock options as of December 29, 2006

   355,750     $ 5.38
            

Options granted

   100,000       8.48

Options vested

   (187,750 )     4.74

Options forfeited

   —         —  
            

Balance of unvested stock options as of December 28, 2007

   268,000     $ 6.99
            

 

Note 10: Retirement Plans

The Company provides a 401(k) plan for its employees whereby the Company contributes to each eligible employee’s 401(k) account, 7% of the employee’s eligible base salary plus overtime. The

employee does not need to make a contribution to the plan to be eligible for the Company’s 7% contribution. To be eligible under the plan, an employee must be at least 21 years of age and be either a full-time or part-time salaried employee. The 7% Company contribution will vest 20% per year for


 

46


Table of Contents

the first 5 years of employment and then immediately thereafter. The Company’s expenses related to this plan were $4,587,000, $4,673,000 and $3,986,000 in fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Note 11: Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company maintains a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for the benefit of a select group of highly compensated employees. Under this plan participants may elect to defer up to 100% of their compensation. Net employee deferrals were $66,000, $720,000 and $1,690,000 during fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Company assets that are earmarked to pay benefits under the plan are held in a rabbi trust and are subject to the claims of the Company’s creditors. As of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, the invested amounts under the plan totaled $6.2 million and $5.7 million, respectively. These assets are classified as trading securities and are recorded at fair market value with changes recorded as adjustments to other income and expense. As of December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006, vested amounts due under the plan totaled $5.9 million and $4.9 million, respectively. Changes in the liability are recorded as adjustments to compensation expense. During the fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company recognized compensation expense of $270,000, $479,000 and $330,000, respectively, as a result of an increase in the market value of the trust assets, with a corresponding amount being recorded as other income.

Note 12: Inventory

At December 28, 2007, the Company had $181,000 and $1,620,000 of raw materials and finished goods inventory, respectively, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying balance sheet. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market using the specific identification method.

Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies

The following is a summary of the future minimum payments, net of sub-lease income, required under non-cancelable operating leases, with terms in excess of one year, as of December 28, 2007:

 

(In thousands)

Fiscal year

   Lease
commitments
   Sub-lease
income
    Total

2008

   $ 5,465    $ (217 )   $ 5,248

2009

     5,171      (106 )     5,065

2010

     3,895      —         3,895

2011

     3,240      —         3,240

2012

     3,044      —         3,044

Thereafter

     5,194      —         5,194
                     
   $ 26,009    $ (323 )   $ 25,686
                     

As of December 28, 2007 the Company had outstanding purchase obligations of $1,026,000.

Total rent expense from property leases in 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $4,996,000, $4,804,000 and $4,644,000, respectively. Total expense from other operating leases and commitments in 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $1,016,000, $938,000 and $1,079,000, respectively.

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, there are currently no matters that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, if unfavorably resolved.

Note 14: Other Income, Net

Interest and other income, net, consisted of the following:

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Interest income

   $ 1,835     $ 1,942     $ 1,218  

Interest expense

     (14 )     (15 )     (13 )

Rental income

     1,140       719       625  

Gain on deferred compensation investments

     356       581       330  

Other

     364       162       78  
                        

Total

   $ 3,681     $ 3,389     $ 2,238  
                        

Note 15: Client and Industry Credit Risk

The Company serves clients in various segments of the economy. During 2007, 2006 and 2005 the Company provided services representing approximately 14%, 17% and 20%, respectively, of revenues to clients and to organizations and insurers acting on behalf of clients in the transportation industry. During 2007, 2006 and 2005 the Company derived approximately 14%, 10% and 11%, respectively, of revenues from government agencies and contractors.


 

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Note 16: Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following is supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 

      Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Cash paid during the year:

        

Income taxes

   $ 12,551    $ 9,730    $ 8,891

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

        

Capital leases for equipment

   $ —      $ 147    $ 11

Unrealized gain on short-term investments

   $ 104    $ 47    $ 5

Vested stock unit awards issued to settle accrued bonus

   $ 2,288    $ 1,450    $ 1,342

Stock repurchases payable to broker

   $ 315    $ —      $ —  

Note 17: Segment Reporting

The Company reports two operating segments based on two primary areas of service. One operating segment is a broad service group providing technical consulting in different practices primarily in the areas of impending litigation and technology development. The Company’s other operating segment provides services in the area of environmental, epidemiology and health risk analysis. This operating segment provides a wide range of consulting services relating to environmental hazards and risks and the impact on both human health and the environment.

Segment information is presented for selected data from the statements of income and statements of cash flows for fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005. Segment information for selected data from the balance sheets is presented for the fiscal years ended December 28, 2007 and December 29, 2006.

Revenues

 

(In thousands)

   Fiscal Years
   2007    2006    2005

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 157,987    $ 130,960    $ 119,037

Environmental and health

     47,161      37,536      36,159
                    

Total revenues

   $ 205,148    $ 168,496    $ 155,196
                    

 

Operating Income

 

     Fiscal Years  

(In thousands)

   2007     2006     2005  

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 39,629     $ 33,414     $ 27,943  

Environmental and health

     12,380       6,563       7,663  
                        

Total segment operating income

     52,009       39,977       35,606  

Corporate operating expense

     (22,065 )     (19,788 )     (15,226 )
                        

Total operating income

   $ 29,944     $ 20,189     $ 20,380  
                        

Capital Expenditures

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 2,672    $ 2,026    $ 2,210

Environmental and health

     105      356      134
                    

Total segment capital expenditures

     2,777      2,382      2,344

Corporate capital expenditures

     900      823      671
                    

Total capital expenditures

   $ 3,677    $ 3,205    $ 3,015
                    

Depreciation and Amortization

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

Engineering and other scientific

   $ 2,647    $ 2,471    $ 2,324

Environmental and health

     179      164      169
                    

Total segment depreciation and amortization

     2,826      2,635      2,493

Corporate depreciation and amortization

     1,019      993      939
                    

Total depreciation and amortization

   $ 3,845    $ 3,628    $ 3,432
                    

 

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Information regarding the Company’s operations in different geographical areas:

Revenues (1)

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006    2005

United States

   $ 193,260    $ 155,947    $ 145,510

Foreign Countries

     11,888      12,549      9,686
                    

Total

   $ 205,148    $ 168,496    $ 155,196
                    

Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, net

 

     Fiscal Years

(In thousands)

   2007    2006

United States

   $ 29,081    $ 29,223

Foreign Countries

     328      354
             

Total

   $ 29,409    $ 29,577
             

 

(1)

Geographic revenues are allocated based on the location of the client.

 

The Company derived 12% of revenues from agencies of the U.S. federal government for the year ended December 28, 2007. No single customer comprised more than 10% of the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005. Agencies of the U.S. federal government comprised 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable at December 30, 2007. No single customer comprised more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable at December 29, 2006.


 

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Comparative Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

Summarized quarterly financial data is as follows:

 

Fiscal 2007

(In thousands, except per share data)

   March 30,
2007
   June 29,
2007
   September 28,
2007
   December 28,
2007

Revenues before reimbursements

   $ 45,433    $ 45,816    $ 44,916    $ 46,974

Revenues

     48,873      50,637      48,904      56,734

Operating income

     7,459      7,060      7,463      7,962

Income before income taxes

     8,338      8,328      8,303      8,656
                           

Net income

   $ 5,055    $ 5,002    $ 5,037    $ 5,247
                           

Net income per share

           

Basic

   $ 0.34    $ 0.33    $ 0.34    $ 0.35

Diluted

   $ 0.31    $ 0.30    $ 0.31    $ 0.33

Shares used in per share computations

           

Basic

     15,049      15,193      14,902      14,885

Diluted

     16,377      16,532      16,163      16,140

Fiscal 2006

(In thousands, except per share data)

   March 31,
2006
   June 30,
2006
   September 29,
2006
   December 29,
2006

Revenues before reimbursements

   $ 39,619    $ 39,053    $ 40,049    $ 38,021

Revenues

     42,027      41,654      43,333      41,482

Operating income

     5,390      5,328      5,603      3,868

Income before income taxes

     6,266      5,984      6,411      4,917
                           

Net income

   $ 3,822    $ 3,650    $ 3,743    $ 2,979
                           

Net income per share

           

Basic

   $ 0.23    $ 0.22    $ 0.24    $ 0.20

Diluted

   $ 0.21    $ 0.21    $ 0.22    $ 0.18

Shares used in per share computations

           

Basic

     16,496      16,357      15,570      15,107

Diluted

     17,788      17,631      16,837      16,455

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

  EXPONENT, INC.
  (Registrant)

Date: March 5, 2008

 

/s/ Richard L. Schlenker, Jr.

 

Richard L. Schlenker, Jr., Chief Financial Officer and

Corporate Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Michael R. Gaulke

Michael R. Gaulke

  

Chief Executive Officer and

Chairman of the Board of Directors

  March 5, 2008

/s/ Richard L. Schlenker, Jr.

Richard L. Schlenker, Jr.

   Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)   March 5, 2008

/s/ Samuel H. Armacost

Samuel H. Armacost

   Director   March 5, 2008

/s/ Barbara M. Barrett

Barbara M. Barrett

   Director   March 5, 2008

/s/ Jon R. Katzenbach

Jon R. Katzenbach

   Director   March 5, 2008

/s/ Stephen C. Riggins

Stephen C. Riggins

   Director   March 5, 2008

/s/ John B. Shoven

John B. Shoven, Ph.D.

   Director   March 5, 2008

 

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Table of Contents

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

(In thousands)

  Balance at
Beginning of
Year
   Additions    Deletions (1)     Balance
at End of
Year
     Provision
Charged to
Expense
   Provision
Charged to
Revenues
   Accounts
Written-off
Net of
Recoveries
   

Year Ended December 28, 2007

            

Allowance for Bad Debt

  $ 592    $ 498    $ —      $ (524 )   $ 566

Allowance for Revenue

  $ 1,201    $ —      $ 1,988    $ (1,578 )   $ 1,611

Year Ended December 29, 2006

            

Allowance for Bad Debt

  $ 513    $ 199    $ —      $ (120 )   $ 592

Allowance for Revenue

  $ 709    $ —      $ 1,435    $ (943 )   $ 1,201

Year Ended December 30, 2005

            

Allowance for Bad Debt

  $ 513    $ 437    $ —      $ (437 )   $ 513

Allowance for Revenue

  $ 990    $ —      $ 718    $ (999 )   $ 709

 

(1)

Balance includes currency translation adjustments.

Recoveries of accounts receivable were $14,000, $58,000 and $133,000 for the years ended December 28, 2007, December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005, respectively.

Schedules other than above have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included in the Report.

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into (as indicated parenthetically), the Annual Report on Form 10-K:

 

3.1(i)    Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33-35562).
3.1(ii)    Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2006).
3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration statement on Form S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33-35562).
4.1    Specimen copy of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Forms S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33- 35562).
*10.1    1990 Stock Option and Rights Plan, as amended through March 31, 1993 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 1993).
*10.2    Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 1990 Stock Option and Rights Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33-35562).
*10.3    Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 1990 Stock Option and Rights Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33-35562).
*10.4    Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into or proposed to be entered into between the Company and its officers and directors (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as filed on June 25, 1990, registration number 33-35562).
10.5    Zarnowicka Elektrownia Gazowa, joint venture, dated September 8, 1994 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 1994).
*10.6    Exponent, Inc. 1998 Non Statutory Stock Option Plan dated October 24, 1998 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 1, 1999).
10.7    Revolving reducing note with Wells Fargo Bank dated January 27, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
10.8    Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
10.9    Exponent, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended and restated December 8, 2005 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2005).
10.10    Exponent, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
*10.11    Exponent, Inc. 1999 Restricted Stock Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999).
10.12    First Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2001).

 

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10.13    Second Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2001).
10.14    Third Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2003).
10.15    Commercial Lease No. 03-53542 between the Company and the Arizona State Land Department, effective January 17, 1998 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 3, 2003).
10.16    Fourth Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 2004).
*10.17    Exponent Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004).
10.18    Fifth Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2005).
*10.19    Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into or proposed to be entered into between the Company and its officers and directors (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2006).
10.20    Services Agreement between the Company and Exponent Engineering P.C. (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal period ended March 31, 2006).
*10.21    Employment Offer Letter between the Company and Dr. Elizabeth Anderson (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2006).
*10.22    Employment Agreement between the Company and Roger L. McCarthy (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2007).
10.23    Sixth Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006).
10.24    Amendment No. 1 to Exponent, Inc. 1998 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan dated January 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006).
10.25    Amendment No. 1 to Exponent, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan dated January 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006).
10.26    Amendment No. 1 to Exponent, Inc. 1999 Restricted Stock Plan dated January 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006).
10.27    Seventh Amendment to Exponent, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan dated March 1, 1998 and restated effective January 2, 1999.
21.1    List of subsidiaries.
23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

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Table of Contents
    31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a – 14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a – 14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

 

* Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

 

55