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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue [1] $ 403,558 $ 358,246 $ 405,911
Total cost of revenue 194,349 188,426 205,161
Total gross profit 209,209 169,820 200,750
Operating expenses:      
Research and development 89,163 95,978 98,401
Selling, general and administrative 118,952 136,270 144,381
Amortization of intangibles 3,187 3,142 10,402
Restructuring and related charges 2,918 5,307 14,602 [2]
Total operating expenses 214,220 240,697 267,786
Loss from operations (5,011) (70,877) [3] (67,036) [3]
Interest expense, net (11,401) (11,078) (10,628)
Other expense, net (536) (2,222) (31)
Loss on impairment of long-term investments 0 (530) (2,735)
Loss before income taxes (16,948) (84,707) [3] (80,430) [3]
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 4,087 (1,752) (8,116)
Net loss $ (21,035) $ (82,955) $ (72,314)
Net loss per share:      
Basic and diluted $ (0.25) $ (1.02) $ (0.93)
Shares used in per share calculations:      
Basic and diluted 85,615 80,974 77,705
Product [Member]      
Revenue $ 252,067 $ 224,645 $ 285,260
Total cost of revenue 127,268 119,802 145,714
Service [Member]      
Revenue 151,491 133,601 120,651
Total cost of revenue $ 67,081 $ 68,624 $ 59,447
[1] Revenue is attributed to countries based on the location of the customer.
[2] The restructuring and related charges for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 is net of $0.6 million and $1.4 million, in Cost of revenue and Operating expenses - Restructuring and related charges, respectively, of gain from TVN pension curtailment. See “Harmonic 2016 Restructuring Plan” below for additional information.
[3] For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the unallocated corporate expenses included TVN acquisition- and integration-related costs, TVN VDP costs (see Note 10, “Restructuring and Related charges-TVN VDP,” for more information on TVN VDP ) and Cable Access product line inventory obsolescence costs, totaling $7.9 million and $32.2 million, respectively. In addition, in fiscal 2017, the unallocated corporate expenses included $8.0 million of Avid litigation settlement cost and associated legal fees (see Note 19, “Legal Proceedings,” for more information). The remaining unallocated corporate expenses for all years presented above include primarily other restructuring charges and excess facilities charges.