Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 13% and 18% for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 15% and 12% for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively.

The Company has defined its major tax jurisdictions as the United States, Ireland, China, Japan, and Korea, and within the United States, Massachusetts. The statutory tax rate is 12.5% in Ireland, 25% in China, 34.6% in Japan, and 21% in Korea, compared to the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21%. These foreign tax rate differences resulted in a favorable impact to the effective tax rate for both the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.

The Company recorded a net discrete tax benefit totaling $463,000 and a net discrete tax expense totaling $2,622,000 for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, and a net discrete tax expense totaling $399,000 and a net discrete tax benefit totaling $3,195,000 for the same periods in 2023.

Discrete tax items for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,371,000 related to stock-based compensation; (2) an increase in tax expense of $477,000 related to state tax matters; (3) an increase in tax expense of $922,000 for interest expense related to tax reserves; (4) a net decrease in tax expense of $1,278,000 related to return-to-provision adjustments; and (5) an increase in tax expense of $1,130,000 for other tax matters.

Discrete tax items for the six-month period ended July 2, 2023 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,766,000 related to stock-based compensation; (2) a net decrease in tax expense of $3,051,000 due primarily to the release of tax reserves on state tax credits and foreign audit settlements; (3) a decrease in tax expense of $2,198,000 for adjustments to certain deferred tax assets; and (4) a net increase in tax expense of $288,000 for return-to-provision adjustments.

The Company’s reserve for income taxes, including gross interest and penalties, was $31,193,000 as of June 30, 2024, of which $28,826,000 was classified as a non-current liability and $2,367,000 was classified as an offset to deferred tax assets. If the Company’s tax positions were sustained or the statutes of limitations related to certain positions expired, these reserves would be released and income tax expense would be reduced in a future period.

Within the United States, the tax years 2020 through 2022 remain open to examination by the IRS, and 2019 through 2022 remain open to examination by various state tax authorities. The tax years 2017 through 2023 remain open to examination by various international taxing authorities in other jurisdictions in which the Company operates.

In October 2021, more than 135 countries and jurisdictions agreed to participate in a "two-pillar" international tax approach developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which includes establishing a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%. The OECD published "Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy — Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two)" in December 2021 and subsequently issued additional commentary and administrative guidance clarifying several aspects of the model rules. Since the model rules have been released, many countries have now enacted Pillar Two-related laws, some of which became effective January 1, 2024, and it is anticipated that more countries will follow suit throughout 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company does not expect Pillar Two taxes to have a significant impact on its 2024 financial statements.