NOTE 2 - Investments

The Company’s investment portfolio includes free-standing derivative financial instruments (currently over the counter (“OTC”) index call option contracts) to economically hedge risk associated with its fixed indexed annuity and indexed universal life products’ contingent liabilities. The Company’s fixed indexed annuity and indexed universal life products include embedded derivative features that are discussed in “Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Investment Contract and Life Policy Reserves — Reserves for Fixed Indexed Annuities and Indexed Universal Life Policies”. The Company's investment portfolio included no other free-standing derivative financial instruments (futures, forwards, swaps, option contracts or other financial instruments with similar characteristics), and there were no other embedded derivative features related to the Company’s insurance products during the three years ended December 31, 2016.

Net Investment Income

The components of net investment income for the following periods were:

	Year Ended December 31,
		2016			2015			2014

Fixed maturities	$	342,773		$	326,207		$	317,756
Equity securities		4,703			4,355			4,849
Short-term and other investments		9,668			9,187			8,459
Other invested assets (equity method investments)		13,609			1,984			7,229
Total investment income		370,753			341,733			338,293
Investment expenses		(9,567	)		(9,133	)		(8,478	)
Net investment income	$	361,186		$	332,600		$	329,815

Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

Net realized investment gains (losses) for the following periods were:

	Year Ended December 31,
		2016			2015		2014

Fixed maturities	$	5,784		$	10,289	$	8,150
Equity securities		(608	)		1,378		2,793
Short-term investments and other		(1,053	)		1,046		(26	)
Net realized investment gains	$	4,123		$	12,713	$	10,917

The Company, from time to time, sells invested assets subsequent to the balance sheet date that were considered temporarily impaired at the balance sheet date. Such sales are due to issuer specific events occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date that result in a change in the Company’s intent or ability to hold an invested asset. The types of events that may result in a sale include significant changes in the economic facts and circumstances related to the invested asset, significant unforeseen changes in liquidity needs, or changes in the Company’s investment strategy.

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

The Company’s investment portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed maturity securities and also includes equity securities. The amortized cost or cost, net unrealized investment gains and losses, fair values and other-than-temporary impairment included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) of all fixed maturities and equity securities in the portfolio were as follows:

	Amortized			Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair		OTTI in
	Cost/Cost			Gains		Losses		Value		AOCI (1)
December 31, 2016
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations (2):
Mortgage-backed securities		$	412,891	$	33,168	$	3,640	$	442,419	$	-
Other, including
U.S. Treasury securities			458,745		18,518		10,120		467,143		-
Municipal bonds			1,648,252		143,733		22,588		1,769,397		-
Foreign government bonds			93,864		5,102		297		98,669		-
Corporate bonds			2,672,818		152,229		14,826		2,810,221		-
Other mortgage-backed securities			1,865,557		22,241		18,939		1,868,859		1,618
Totals		$	7,152,127	$	374,991	$	70,410	$	7,456,708	$	1,618

Equity securities (3)		$	134,013	$	13,210	$	5,574	$	141,649	$	-

December 31, 2015
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations (2):
Mortgage-backed securities		$	461,862	$	44,413	$	1,861	$	504,414	$	-
Other, including
U.S. Treasury securities			532,373		21,153		7,415		546,111		-
Municipal bonds			1,553,603		165,680		10,340		1,708,943		(4,140	)
Foreign government bonds			67,441		6,288		112		73,617		-
Corporate bonds			2,687,376		140,873		48,834		2,779,415		-
Other mortgage-backed securities			1,482,971		16,830		20,961		1,478,840		1,382
Totals		$	6,785,626	$	395,237	$	89,523	$	7,091,340	$	(2,758	)

Equity securities (3)		$	95,722	$	8,405	$	4,330	$	99,797	$	-

(1)

Related to securities for which an unrealized loss was bifurcated to distinguish the credit-related portion and the portion driven by other market factors. Represents the amount of other-than-temporary impairment losses in AOCI which was not included in earnings; amounts also include net unrealized investment gains and losses on such impaired securities relating to changes in the fair value of those securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.

(2)

Fair value includes securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) of $196,468 and $231,294; Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) of $284,050 and $363,957; and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) of $115,627 and $130,940 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(3)	Includes nonredeemable (perpetual) preferred stocks, common stocks and closed-end funds.

The following table presents the fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturities and equity securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company views the decrease in value of all of the securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 — which was driven largely by changes in interest rates, spread widening, financial market illiquidity and/or market volatility from the date of acquisition — as temporary. For fixed maturity securities, management does not have the intent to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost bases, and management expects to recover the entire amortized cost bases of the fixed maturity securities. For equity securities, the Company has the ability and intent to hold the securities for the recovery of cost and recovery of cost is expected within a reasonable period of time. Therefore, no impairment of these securities was recorded at December 31, 2016.

	12 months or less					More than 12 months					Total
				Gross					Gross					Gross
				Unrealized					Unrealized					Unrealized
	Fair Value			Losses		Fair Value			Losses		Fair Value			Losses

December 31, 2016
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	76,573		$	3,096	$	3,235		$	544	$	79,808		$	3,640
Other		219,372			10,120		-			-		219,372			10,120
Municipal bonds		408,163			19,006		9,928			3,582		418,091			22,588
Foreign government bonds		24,182			297		-			-		24,182			297
Corporate bonds		459,402			11,056		57,261			3,770		516,663			14,826
Other mortgage-backed securities		750,557			13,550		229,106			5,389		979,663			18,939
Total fixed maturity securities		1,938,249			57,125		299,530			13,285		2,237,779			70,410
Equity securities (1)		56,676			4,567		7,956			1,007		64,632			5,574
Combined totals	$	1,994,925		$	61,692	$	307,486		$	14,292	$	2,302,411		$	75,984

Number of positions with a gross unrealized loss		629					102					731
Fair value as a percentage of total fixed maturities and equity securities fair value		26.3	%				4.0	%				30.3	%

December 31, 2015
Fixed maturity securities
U.S. Government and federally sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	48,097		$	1,748	$	1,595		$	113	$	49,692		$	1,861
Other		248,478			7,338		1,921			77		250,399			7,415
Municipal bonds		168,939			5,382		21,717			4,958		190,656			10,340
Foreign government bonds		11,867			112		-			-		11,867			112
Corporate bonds		858,647			37,244		50,340			11,590		908,987			48,834
Other mortgage-backed securities		929,268			19,165		140,561			1,796		1,069,829			20,961
Total fixed maturity securities		2,265,296			70,989		216,134			18,534		2,481,430			89,523
Equity securities (1)		38,764			3,022		8,379			1,308		47,143			4,330
Combined totals	$	2,304,060		$	74,011	$	224,513		$	19,842	$	2,528,573		$	93,853

Number of positions with a gross unrealized loss		684					78					762
Fair value as a percentage of total fixed maturities and equity securities fair value		32.0	%				3.1	%				35.1	%

(1)	Includes nonredeemable (perpetual) preferred stocks, common stocks and closed-end funds.

Fixed maturities and equity securities with an investment grade rating represented 88% of the gross unrealized loss as of December 31, 2016. With respect to fixed maturity securities involving securitized financial assets, the underlying collateral cash flows were stress tested to determine there was no adverse change in the present value of cash flows below the amortized cost basis.

Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the cumulative amounts related to the Company’s credit loss component of the other-than-temporary impairment losses on fixed maturity securities held as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 that the Company did not intend to sell as of those dates, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the securities before the anticipated recovery of the amortized cost bases, for which the non-credit portions of the other-than-temporary impairment losses were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015
Cumulative credit loss (1)
Beginning of period	$	7,844		$	2,877
New credit losses		300			4,967
Increases to previously recognized credit losses		5,859			-
Losses related to securities sold or paid down during the period		(300	)		-
End of period	$	13,703		$	7,844

(1)	The cumulative credit loss amounts exclude other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities held as of the periods indicated that the Company intended to sell or it was more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before the recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Maturities/Sales of Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s fixed maturity securities portfolio by estimated expected maturity. Estimated expected maturities differ from contractual maturities, reflecting assumptions regarding borrowers' utilization of the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. For structured securities, including mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, estimated expected maturities consider broker-dealer survey prepayment assumptions and are verified for consistency with the interest rate and economic environments.

	December 31, 2016
					Percent of
	Amortized		Fair		Total Fair
	Cost		Value		Value
Estimated expected maturity:
Due in 1 year or less	$	276,403	$	290,811		3.9	%
Due after 1 year through 5 years		2,051,674		2,140,074		28.7	%
Due after 5 years through 10 years		2,518,896		2,624,759		35.2	%
Due after 10 years through 20 years		1,397,499		1,454,057		19.5	%
Due after 20 years		907,655		947,007		12.7	%
Total	$	7,152,127	$	7,456,708		100.0	%

Average option-adjusted duration, in years		5.9

Proceeds received from sales of fixed maturities and equity securities, each determined using the specific identification method, and gross gains and gross losses realized as a result of those sales for each year were:

	Year Ended December 31,
		2016			2015			2014
Fixed maturity securities
Proceeds received	$	429,251		$	445,100		$	261,696
Gross gains realized		15,915			22,476			13,224
Gross losses realized		(4,163	)		(5,487	)		(6,325	)

Equity securities
Proceeds received	$	21,210		$	31,621		$	17,194
Gross gains realized		2,869			6,604			3,206
Gross losses realized		(935	)		(672	)		(482	)

Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses on Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

Net unrealized investment gains and losses are computed as the difference between fair value and amortized cost for fixed maturities or cost for equity securities. The following table reconciles the net unrealized investment gains and losses, net of tax, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before the impact on deferred policy acquisition costs:

	Year Ended December 31,
		2016			2015			2014
Net unrealized investment gains and losses on fixed maturity securities, net of tax
Beginning of period	$	198,714		$	336,604		$	146,489
Change in unrealized investment gains and losses		3,024			(131,202	)		195,413
Reclassification of net realized investment (gains) losses to net income		(3,760	)		(6,688	)		(5,298	)
End of period	$	197,978		$	198,714		$	336,604

Net unrealized investment gains and losses on equity securities, net of tax
Beginning of period	$	2,649		$	6,988		$	4,618
Change in unrealized investment gains and losses		1,919			(3,443	)		4,185
Reclassification of net realized investment (gains) losses to net income		395			(896	)		(1,815	)
End of period	$	4,963		$	2,649		$	6,988

Investment in Entities Exceeding 10% of Shareholders' Equity

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no investments which exceeded 10% of total shareholders' equity in entities other than obligations of the U.S. Government and federally sponsored government agencies and authorities.

Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities

The Company’s derivative instruments (call options) are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. Collateral support agreements associated with each master netting arrangement provide that the Company will receive or pledge financial collateral in the event minimum thresholds have been reached.

The following table presents the instruments that were subject to a master netting arrangement for the Company.

Net Amounts

of Assets/

Gross

Liabilities

Gross Amounts Not Offset

Amounts

Presented

in the Consolidated

Offset in the

in the

Balance Sheets

Consolidated

Cash

Gross

Balance

Financial

Collateral

Net

Amounts

Sheets

Instruments

Received

Amount

December 31, 2016

Asset derivatives

Free-standing derivatives

8,694

8,824

(130

)

December 31, 2015

Asset derivatives

Free-standing derivatives

2,501

2,617

(116

)

Deposits

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $18,119 and $18,312, respectively, were on deposit with governmental agencies as required by law in various states in which the insurance subsidiaries of HMEC conduct business. In addition, at December 31, 2016 and 2015, fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $620,489 and $621,077, respectively, were on deposit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB”) as collateral for amounts subject to funding agreements which were equal to $575,000 at both of the respective dates. The deposited securities are included in “Fixed maturities” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.