Income Taxes

As of June 30, 2016, the Company had a U.S. Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forward of approximately $0.3 million. The net operating losses expire by June 30, 2025 and are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), and are subject to U.S. Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitations. As of June 30, 2016, state NOLs were $8.3 million and foreign NOLs were $0.9 million. The income tax expense for the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015, and 2014 consists of the following (in thousands):



	Year ended June 30,
	2016			2015			2014
Income / (Loss) Before Income Taxes:
Domestic	$	7,518		$	8,249		$	13,894
International	1,166			2,404			2,761
	$	8,684		$	10,653		$	16,655
Current Taxes:
Federal	$	4,180		$	2,600		$	2,010
State	561			446			72
Foreign	478			856			1,018
Total Current Income Tax Provision	$	5,219		$	3,902		$	3,100
Deferred Taxes:
Federal	(2,326		)	97			2,299
State	(105		)	4			83
Foreign	(123		)	(337		)	(210		)
Total Deferred Income Tax Provision	$	(2,554	)	$	(236	)	$	2,172
Net Income Tax Provision	$	2,665		$	3,666		$	5,272

The effective income tax rate for the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015, and 2014 differs from the U.S. Federal statutory income tax rate due to the following:



	Year ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2014
Federal statutory income tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.8	%	2.0	%	1.9	%
Foreign tax rate difference	(1.3	)%	0.0	%	0.0	%
Tax return to provision true-up	0.7	%	1.2	%	(3.0	)%
Permanent differences:
— stock based compensation	0.9	%	1.2	%	1.3	%
— domestic production activities deduction	(4.4	)%	(1.6	)%	(1.8	)%
— credit for increasing research activities	(0.7	)%	(3.8	)%	(1.5	)%
— other	(2.9	)%	0.4	%	(0.5	)%
Change in valuation allowance	0.6	%	0.0	%	0.1	%
Net income tax provision	30.7	%	34.4	%	31.5	%

The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2016 and 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



	June 30,
	2016			2015
Deferred tax assets:
Federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryovers	$	651		$	656
Stock option compensation	1,696			1,353
Accrued vacation, allowance for returns, bonuses & other	2,965			1,395
Gross deferred tax asset	$	5,312		$	3,404

Deferred tax liabilities:
Patents and trademarks	(417		)	(468		)
Change in tax accounting methods	—			(98		)
Property & equipment	(722		)	(1,268		)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(1,139		)	(1,834		)
Less: valuation allowance	(267		)	(218		)
Deferred tax assets, net	$	3,906		$	1,352

During the year ended June 30, 2016, the Company put into effect a permanent reinvestment assertion on the earnings of its foreign subsidiaries as the Company intends to reinvest all foreign earnings in its foreign operations, with the exception of certain foreign earnings that are subject to U.S. taxation. As of June 30, 2016, the U.S. consolidated group had approximately $1.1 million of permanently reinvested unremitted earnings from the Company's subsidiaries.

The Company has adopted accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions which provides that in order to recognize an uncertain tax benefit, the taxpayer must be more likely than not of sustaining the position, and the measurement of the benefit is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon recognition of the benefit. We believe the Company has no material uncertain tax positions and do not expect significant changes within the next twelve months in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, we have not reserved for interest or penalties. The tax years open for examination by the IRS include returns for fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 through present and the open tax years by state tax authorities include returns for fiscal years ended June 30, 2011 through present. In addition, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine NOLs for any previous years if utilized by the Company.

The Company conducts its business globally. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions, and are subject to examination for the open tax years ended June 30, 2011 through June 30, 2015.