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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Notes  
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of presentation

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP").

 

Principles of consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of China YCT International Group, Inc., Landway Nano and its 97% owned subsidiary, Shandong Spring Pharmaceutical.  All inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements include: the valuation of inventory, the estimated useful lives and impairment of property, equipment, and intangible assets and the valuation of deferred tax assets.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents including cash on hand and deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use and with an original maturity of three months or less.

 

Deposits in banks in the PRC are not insured by any government entity or agency, and are consequently exposed to risk of loss. The Company believes the probability of a bank failure, causing loss to the Company, is remote.

 

Accounts receivable

 

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at the original invoice amounts less an allowance for any uncollectible amount. The Company extends credit to our customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. We generally do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for potential bad debts if required.

 

The Company determines whether an allowance for doubtful accounts is required by evaluating specific accounts where information indicates the customers may have an inability to meet financial obligations. In these cases, we use assumptions and judgment, based on the best available facts and circumstances, to record a specific allowance for those customers against amounts due to reduce the receivable to the amount expected to be collected. These specific allowances are re-evaluated and adjusted as additional information is received. The amounts calculated are analyzed to determine the total amount of the allowance. We may also record a general allowance as necessary.

 

Direct write-offs are taken in the period when we have exhausted our efforts to collect overdue and unpaid receivables or otherwise evaluate other circumstances that indicate that we should abandon such efforts.

 

The Company has not experienced any significant difficulty in collecting its accounts receivable in the past and is not aware of any financial difficulties being experienced by its major customers. No allowance for doubtful accounts receivable was recorded in the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined on a weighted average basis. Management compares the cost of inventory with the net realizable value and an allowance is made for writing down the inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost.

 

Property and equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. The cost of an asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its present working condition and locations for its intended use. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the length of the lease in accordance to ASC 840-10-35-6. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:

 

Buildings

10-35 years

 

  

Machinery, equipment

3-20 years

 

  

Office equipment and automobiles

3-10 years

 

  

Leasehold improvements

5-30 years (or the lease term, if shorter)

 

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:

 

Land use right

50 years

 

 

Patent (non-US No. ZL200610068850.0)

16.5 years

 

 

Patent (non-US No. ZL200510045001.9)

14 years 

 

 

Intangible assets for production and marketing of Yuanbaofen product

10 years

 

Development costs of acer truncatum bunge planting

 

The Company has developed the acer truncatum bunge planting bases and completed planting of 5,880 mu (approximately 2,324.77 acres)  as of March 31, 2018. The agricultural products (e.g., seeds, oil extract, etc.) derived from the planting are intended to be the supply for an integrated use including edible oil, protein, medicine and health care, tannin extract, industrial chemicals, nectar source, nervonic acid, and specialty lumber, as well as for landscaping and conservation of soil and water.

 

The Company accounts for the development costs of the planting in accordance to ASC 905. Pursuant to ASC 905-360-25-3, limited-life land development costs and direct and indirect development costs of orchards, groves, vineyards, and intermediate-life plants are required to be capitalized during the development period. Pursuant to ASC 905-360-35-7, costs capitalized during the development period are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the land development or that of the tree, vine, or plant. The planting is currently in the development stage with production expected in the fall of 2018; therefore, no depreciation expenses were recognized as of March 31, 2018.

 

Development costs primarily include land development cost incurred for land leveling, irrigation, and fertilization, the purchase costs of acer truncatum bunge trees, and acer truncatum bunge planting fee.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company sells two types of products: non-medical products and medical products. Medical products are sold to certified medicine distributors. Non-medical products are sold directly to its customers through its Internet sales channel. To order non-medical products, customers place orders on the Company's order system through the Internet. Customers who purchase through the Internet need to make payment when they place their orders. Goods are shipped to customers once the orders and payments were received.

 

The Company's revenue recognition policies are in compliance with Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 104, included in the Codification as ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. Sales revenue is recognized when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery is completed, no other significant obligations of the Company exist, and collectability is reasonably assured. According to the Company's policy, customers can exchange defective products, but are not allowed to return products. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as customer deposits.

The Company adopted the new accounting standard, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments (new revenue standard) to all contracts using the modified retrospective method beginning on March 31, 2018. The adoption will not result in an adjustment to the retained earnings as of April 1, 2018. The comparative information will not be restated and will continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of the new revenue standard will have no impact on either reported sales to customers or net earnings. The Company will continue to recognize revenue from product sales as goods are shipped or delivered to the customer, as control of goods occurs at the same time.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Company reviews and evaluates the net carrying value of its long-lived assets at least annually, or upon the occurrence of other events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Per ASC 360-10-35-21, a long-lived asset (asset group) shall be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Per ASC 360-10-35-17, an impairment loss shall be recognized only if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset (asset group) is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset (asset group) is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset (asset group).

 

Related Parties and Transactions

 

The Company identifies related parties, and accounts for, discloses related party transactions in accordance with ASC 850, "Related Party Disclosures" and other relevant ASC standards.

 

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operational decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

 

Transactions between related parties commonly occurring in the normal course of business are considered to be related party transactions. Transactions between related parties are also considered to be related party transactions even though they may not be given accounting recognition. While ASC does not provide accounting or measurement guidance for such transactions, it requires their disclosure nonetheless.

 

Commitments and Contingencies

 

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigations, fines and penalties, and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

 

Income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income tax under the asset and liability method as stipulated by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740,  Income Taxes, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of the events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.  Deferred Income taxes are recognized for all significant temporary differences between tax and financial statements bases of assets and liabilities.  Valuation allowances are established against net deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

Value-added tax

 

Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of a Value-Added Tax ("VAT"). All of the Company's products that are sold in the PRC are subject to a Chinese value-added tax at a rate of 17% of the gross sales price. This VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing their finished product.

 

Research and development

 

Research and development costs are related primarily to the Company's development of its intellectual property. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. The costs of material and equipment that are acquired or constructed for research and development activities that have alternative future uses are classified as plant and equipment and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

 

The research and development expense for the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $492,078 and $809,485, respectively.

 

Advertising costs

 

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in accordance to the ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs. Pursuant to ASC 720-35-25-5, costs of communication advertising are not incurred until the item or service has been received and shall not be reported as expenses before the item or service has been received, except as discussed in paragraph 340-20-25-2.

 

The Company incurred advertising costs of $427,172 and $2,972 for the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which are included in selling expenses on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

Shipping and handling costs

 

The Company accounts for mailing and handling fees in accordance with the FASB ASC 605-45 (Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-10, Accounting for Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs).  Amounts incurred by the Company for freight are included in selling expenses. For the years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred $2,421,475 and $2,070,029 shipping and handling costs, respectively.

 

Stock Based Compensation

 

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718. For employee stock-based awards, we calculate the fair value of the award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes method for stock options and the quoted price of our common stock for unrestricted shares; the expense is recognized over the service period for awards expected to vest. Share-based payments to consultants, service providers and other non-employees are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 718, ASC Topic 505, "Equity Payments to Non-Employees" or other applicable authoritative guidance. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class, and historical experience.

 

Earnings per common share ("EPS")

 

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted shares reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock (convertible preferred stock, forward contracts, warrants to purchase common stock, contingently issuable shares, common stock options and warrants and their equivalents using the treasury stock method) were exercised or converted into common stock.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value as used in numerous accounting pronouncements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure of fair value measurements.

 

The estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at historical cost basis, which approximates fair values because of the short-term maturing of these instruments.

 

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable

 

Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)

 

The Company has no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 

Foreign currency translation

 

The accounts of the Company's Chinese subsidiary are maintained in RMB and the accounts of the U.S. companies are maintained in USD. The accounts of the Chinese subsidiary were translated into USD in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters. According to Topic 830, all assets and liabilities were translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date; stockholders' equity is translated at historical rates and statement of comprehensive income items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. Gains and losses resulting from the foreign currency transactions are reflected in the statements of comprehensive income.

 

The following exchange rates were used to translate the amounts from RMB into United States dollars ("USD$") for the respective periods:

 

March 31,

March 31,

2018

2017

Year End Exchange Rate (RMB/USD)

 

 

6.2881

 

 

 

6.8993

Average Period Exchange Rate (RMB/USD)

 

 

6.6254

 

 

 

6.7287

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In March 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. ASU 2018-05 amends SEC paragraphs in ASC 740 to reflect SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No.118. When the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was signed into law, the SEC staff released SAB 118 for applying Topic 740 as it relates to the Act. SAB 118 outlines the approach companies may take if they determine that the necessary information is not available (in reasonable detail) to evaluate, compute, and prepare accounting entries to recognize the effect(s) of the Act by the time the financial statements are required to be filed. Companies may use this approach when the timely determination of some or all of the income tax effect(s) from the Act is incomplete by the due date of the financial statements. SAB 118 also prescribes disclosures that reporting entities must provide in these circumstances. The amendments to the Accounting Standards Codification became effective upon issuance. The Company has conducted a preliminary assessment of its income tax effects of the Act. Additional analysis of the law and the impact to the Company may be performed, if needed, and any impact will be finalized no later than the fourth quarter of 2018.

 

In February 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2018-02 provides entities the option to reclassify certain “stranded tax effects” resulting from the recent US tax reform from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings. Under the ASU, reporting entities will select an accounting policy to either reclassify all stranded tax effects caused by tax reform from AOCI to retained earnings, or continue recycling stranded effects (including those caused by tax reform) through earnings in future periods. Further, disclosure of either policy is required in all cases. The reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings is presented in the statement of shareholders equity. The ASU is effective for all entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for public business entities for which financial statements have not yet been issued, and for all other entities for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. Entities have the option to record the reclassification either retrospectively to each period in which the income tax effects of tax reform are recognized, or at the beginning of the annual or interim period in which the amendments are adopted. The Company determined that the adoption of this new standard will have no material impact on its consolidated statements and related disclosures.

 

In May 10, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification. ASU 2017-09 clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. Regardless of whether the change to the terms or conditions of the award requires modification accounting, the existing disclosure requirements and other aspects of GAAP associated with modifications, such as earnings per share, continue to apply. The guidance is effective prospectively for all companies for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new standard on its consolidated statements and related disclosures.

 

In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business". The Board is issuing the amendments in this ASU to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.  The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The amendments in this ASU affect all reporting entities that must determine whether they have acquired or sold a business.  Public business entities should apply the amendments in this ASU to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. However, early application of the amendments in this ASU if 1) for transactions for which the acquisition date occurs before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance, or 2) for  transactions  in which a subsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized that occur before the issuance date or effective date of the amendments, only when the transaction has not been reported in  financials. The Company determined that its recent acquisition of the Acer Truncatum Industrial Project met the early application requirement and decided to account for the acquisition in accordance with FASB ASU 2017-01.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this guidance, lessees will be required to recognize on the balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The lease liability represents the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, and will be measured as the present value of the lease payments. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use a specified asset for the lease term, and will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.