COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Fuel Tech is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers compensation, general liability (including product liability), and lawsuits. The Company records liabilities where a contingent loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the Company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The Company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred.

From time to time we are involved in litigation with respect to matters arising from the ordinary conduct of our business. In the opinion of management, based upon presently available information, either adequate provision for anticipated costs have been accrued or the ultimate anticipated costs will not materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We do not believe we have any pending loss contingencies that are probable or reasonably possible of having a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Operating Leases

We lease office space, automobiles and certain equipment under agreements expiring on various dates through 2021. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases that have initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:



Year of Payment	Amount
2019	$	613
2020	102
2021	10
Total	$	725

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, rent expense, net of related party sub-lease income, approximated $745, $902, and $1,006, respectively.

We are party to a sublease agreement with American Bailey Corporation (ABC) that obligates ABC to reimburse us for its share of lease and lease-related expenses under our February 1, 2010 lease of executive offices in Stamford, Connecticut. Please refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our relationship with ABC. The future minimum lease income under this non-cancellable sublease as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:



Year of Payment	Amount
2019	$	164
2020	—
Total	$	164

The terms of the Company’s seven primary lease arrangements are as follows:


•	The Stamford, Connecticut building lease, for approximately 6,440 square feet, runs from February 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The facility houses certain administrative functions.


•	The Beijing, China building lease, for approximately 9,000 square feet, runs from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2020. This facility serves as the operating headquarters for our Beijing Fuel Tech operation. As a result of our announcement on January 17, 2019 related to the suspension of our APC business in Beijing, we notified the landlord of our intention to early terminate the lease on July 22, 2019.


•	The Durham, North Carolina building lease, for approximately 2,590 square feet, runs from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2019. This facility houses engineering operations.


•	The Gallarate, Italy building lease, for approximately 1,636 square feet, runs from May 1, 2013 to April 30, 2019. This facility serves as the operating headquarters for our European operations.


•	The Westlake, Ohio building lease, for approximately 3,000 square feet, runs from May 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020. This facility houses engineering operations.


•	The Aurora, IL warehouse lease, for approximately 11,000 square feet, runs from September 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. This facility serves as an outside warehouse facility.


•	The Overland Park, KS lease, for approximately 600 square feet, runs from October 16, 2018 to October 15, 2021. This facility serves primarily as a sales office.

Performance Guarantees

The majority of Fuel Tech’s long-term equipment construction contracts contain language guaranteeing that the performance of the system that is being sold to the customer will meet specific criteria. On occasion, performance surety bonds and bank performance guarantees/letters of credit are issued to the customer in support of the construction contracts as follows:


•	in support of the warranty period defined in the contract; or


•	in support of the system performance criteria that are defined in the contract.

As of December 31, 2018, we had outstanding bank performance guarantees and letters of credit in the amount of $5,028 in support of equipment construction contracts that have not completed their final acceptance test or that are still operating under a warranty period. The performance guarantees and letters of credit expire in dates ranging from April 2019 through January 2023. The expiration dates may be extended if the project completion dates are extended. Our management believes it is probable that these projects will be successfully completed and that there will not be a material adverse impact on our operations from these bank performance guarantees and letters of credit. As a result, no liability has been recorded for these performance guarantees.

Product Warranties

We issue a standard product warranty with the sale of our products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experience in the preceding years as the nature of our historical product sales for which we offer a warranty are substantially unchanged. This approach provides an aggregate warranty accrual that is historically aligned with actual warranty claims experienced. Changes in the warranty liability from continuing operations in 2018, 2017 and 2016 are summarized below:



	2018		2017		2016
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of year	$	159	$	159	$	268
Net aggregate expense (income) related to product warranties	—		—		(109		)
Aggregate reductions for payments	—		—		—
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of year	$	159	$	159	$	159