10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number: 001-33059

 ________________________________

FUEL TECH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

  ________________________________

Delaware	20-5657551
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation of organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Fuel Tech, Inc.

27601 Bella Vista Parkway

Warrenville, IL 60555-1617

630-845-4500

www.ftek.com

(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)

  ________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

On October 31, 2016 there were outstanding 23,446,035 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant.

FUEL TECH, INC.

Form 10-Q for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016

INDEX

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three- and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (loss) for the Three- and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	17
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	17
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	18
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	18
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	18
Item 6.	Exhibits	19
SIGNATURES		20

PART I.        FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.        Financial Statements

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,332		$	21,684
Restricted cash	6,020			—
Marketable securities	15			19
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,890 and $1,772, respectively	19,804			23,060
Inventories	992			1,653
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,473			3,889
Prepaid income taxes	733			1,857
Deferred income taxes	—			239
Total current assets	43,369			52,401
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,172 and $23,414, respectively	10,889			12,001
Goodwill	2,116			2,116
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $8,736 and $7,452, respectively	6,000			7,144
Deferred income taxes	1,198			992
Other assets	1,259			1,357
Total assets	$	64,831		$	76,011
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,802			8,942
Accrued liabilities:
Employee compensation	1,879			1,645
Other accrued liabilities	4,341			5,949
Total current liabilities	12,022			16,536
Other liabilities	401			501
Total liabilities	12,423			17,037
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 23,800,924 and 23,419,008 shares issued, and 23,446,035, and 23,167,216 shares outstanding, respectively	238			234
Additional paid-in capital	136,909			135,394
Accumulated deficit	(82,416		)	(74,132		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,185		)	(1,556		)
Nil coupon perpetual loan notes	76			76
Treasury stock, at cost	(1,214		)	(1,042		)
Total shareholders’ equity	52,408			58,974
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	64,831		$	76,011

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per-share data)

	Three Months Ended   September 30,						Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Revenues	$	12,596		$	21,677		$	45,593		$	55,463
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	7,281			13,829			28,650			33,813
Selling, general and administrative	5,789			7,122			19,711			23,490
Restructuring charge	1,108			—			1,425			235
Research and development	1,302			1,521			3,582			3,375
	15,480			22,472			53,368			60,913
Operating (loss)	(2,884		)	(795		)	(7,775		)	(5,450		)
Interest expense	—			—			—			(30		)
Interest income	5			3			21			17
Other expense	(254		)	(100		)	(738		)	(261		)
(Loss) before income taxes	(3,133		)	(892		)	(8,492		)	(5,724		)
Income tax benefit	114			603			208			2,410
Net (loss)	$	(3,019	)	$	(289	)	$	(8,284	)	$	(3,314	)
Net (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.14	)
Diluted	$	(0.13	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.14	)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	23,446,000			23,167,000			23,337,000			23,079,000
Diluted	23,446,000			23,167,000			23,337,000			23,079,000

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended   September 30,						Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Net (loss)	$	(3,019	)	$	(289	)	$	(8,284	)	$	(3,314	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	57			(642		)	375			(706		)
Unrealized gains (losses) from marketable securities, net of tax	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	61			(645		)	371			(709		)
Comprehensive (loss)	$	(2,958	)	$	(934	)	$	(7,913	)	$	(4,023	)

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

FUEL TECH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015
Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(8,284	)	$	(3,314	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	1,359			1,560
Amortization	1,285			1,607
Loss (Gain) on disposal of equipment	59			(26		)
Provision for doubtful accounts, net of recoveries	151			(43		)
Deferred income taxes	(11		)	(834		)
Stock-based compensation	1,520			1,320
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,764			1,958
Inventories	654			(331		)
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other non-current assets	2,766			313
Accounts payable	(3,083		)	896
Accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities	(1,362		)	(4,180		)
Net cash (used in) operating activities	(2,182		)	(1,074		)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and patents	(453		)	(523		)
Proceeds from the sale of equipment	2			26
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(451		)	(497		)
Financing Activities
Change in restricted cash	(6,020		)	—
Payments on short-term borrowings	—			(1,623		)
Treasury shares withheld	(172		)	(252		)
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(6,192		)	(1,875		)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash	473			(793		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,352		)	(4,239		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	21,684			18,637
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	13,332		$	14,398

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FUEL TECH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2016

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per-share data)

1.    General

Organization

Fuel Tech, Inc. and subsidiaries ("Fuel Tech", the "Company", "we", "us" or "our") provides advanced engineered solutions for the optimization of combustion systems in utility and industrial applications. Our primary focus is on the worldwide marketing and sale of NOx reduction technologies as well as our FUEL CHEM program. The Company’s NOx reduction technologies reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from boilers, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources.

Our FUEL CHEM program is based on proprietary TIFI^® Targeted In-Furnace™ Injection technology, in combination with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Chemical Kinetics Modeling (CKM) boiler modeling, in the unique application of specialty chemicals to improve the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in the boiler.

Our business is materially dependent on the continued existence and enforcement of air quality regulations, particularly in the United States. We have expended significant resources in the research and development of new technologies in building our proprietary portfolio of air pollution control, fuel and boiler treatment chemicals, computer modeling and advanced visualization technologies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the statements for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications to prior year amounts have been made in the consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. In the third quarter of 2016, the Company concluded that it was appropriate to separately present restructuring charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accordingly, the corresponding reclassifications have also been made to the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Restricted cash

Restricted cash represents funds that are restricted to satisfy any amount borrowed against the Company's existing revolving credit facility (the Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The amount of restricted cash was reduced by $1,000 on July 31, 2016 and became unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. The remaining balance of restricted cash totaling $6,020 will remain through the Maturity Date of the Facility. Refer to Note 8 Debt Financing for further information on the Facility.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sales of chemical products are recorded when title transfers, either at the point of shipment or at the point of destination, depending on the contract with the customer.

Fuel Tech uses the percentage of completion method of accounting for equipment construction and license contracts that are sold within the Air Pollution Control technology segment. Under the percentage of completion method, revenues are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual construction costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Construction costs include all direct costs such as materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, and indirect costs allocable to the particular contract such as indirect labor, tools and equipment, and supplies. Revisions in completion estimates and contract values are made in the period in which the facts giving rise to the revisions become known and can influence the timing of when revenues are recognized under the percentage of completion method of accounting. Such revisions have historically not had a material effect

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on the amount of revenue recognized. The completed contract method is used for certain contracts that are not long-term in nature or when reasonably dependable estimates of the percentage of completion cannot be made. When the completed contract method is used, revenue and costs are deferred until the contract is substantially complete, which usually occurs upon customer acceptance of the installed product. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.

Fuel Tech’s APC contracts are typically eight to sixteen months in length. A typical contract will have three or four critical operational measurements that, when achieved, serve as the basis for us to invoice the customer via progress billings. At a minimum, these measurements will include the generation of engineering drawings, the shipment of equipment and the completion of a system performance test.

As part of most of its contractual APC project agreements, Fuel Tech will agree to customer-specific acceptance criteria that relate to the operational performance of the system that is being sold. These criteria are determined based on mathematical modeling that is performed by Fuel Tech personnel, which is based on operational inputs that are provided by the customer. The customer will warrant that these operational inputs are accurate as they are specified in the binding contractual agreement. Further, the customer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the operating condition information; typically all performance guarantees and equipment warranties granted by us are voidable if the operating condition information is inaccurate or is not met.

Accounts receivable includes unbilled receivables, representing revenues recognized in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts under the percentage of completion method of accounting. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, unbilled receivables were approximately $8,042 and $7,312, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were $1,168 and $1,858, at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Fuel Tech has installed over 1,000 units with APC technology and normally provides performance guarantees to our customers based on the operating conditions for the project. As part of the project implementation process, we perform system start-up and optimization services that effectively serve as a test of actual project performance. We believe that this test, combined with the accuracy of the modeling that is performed, enables revenue to be recognized prior to the receipt of formal customer acceptance.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The amendments in this Update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. Current accounting principles require an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively for the interim period beginning in the second quarter of 2016; thus, the prior reporting period was not retrospectively adjusted. See Note 11, Income Taxes, for further discussion.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This new accounting guidance on revenue recognition provides for a single five-step model to be applied to all revenue contracts with customers. The new standard also requires additional financial statement disclosures that will enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows relating to customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral to January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This new accounting guidance more clearly articulates the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. Topic 330, Inventory, currently requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. This new accounting guidance requires the measurement of inventory at lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance in not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this Update increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019. We are

6

currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in this Update simplify the income tax effects, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and impact of forfeitures related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the statement.

3.    Restructuring Activities

In July 2016, the Company reduced its workforce to better align its organizational infrastructure to its revised operating plans. The Company recorded a charge of $1,108 in the third quarter of 2016 in connection with the workforce reduction. The charge consisted primarily of one-time severance payments and benefit continuation costs. In addition, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $317 for the three-months ended March 31, 2016 to further reduce its organizational infrastructure. Further, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $235 for the three-months ended June 30, 2015. The following is a reconciliation of the accrual for the workforce reduction that is included within the "Accrued Liabilities" line of the consolidated balance sheets for the three- and nine-months ending September 30, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at June 30,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,108			—
Amounts paid	(616		)	—
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

	Nine Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at January 1,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,425			235
Amounts paid	(933		)	(235		)
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

4.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Foreign currency translation
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,250	)	$	(535	)	$	(1,568	)	$	(471	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	57			(642		)	375			(706		)
Balance at end of period	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Balance at beginning of period	$	4		$	23		$	12		$	23
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain (2)	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Deferred income taxes (2)	—			—			—			—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Balance at end of period	$	8		$	20		$	8		$	20
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)

(1) In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

(2) In all periods presented, there were no realized holding gains or losses and therefore no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

5.    Treasury Stock

Common stock held in treasury totaled 354,889 and 251,792 with a cost of $1,214 and $1,042 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. These shares were withheld from employees to settle personal tax withholding obligations that arose as a result of restricted stock units that have vested since 2012.

6.    Earnings per Share

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Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effects of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes, RSUs, and unexercised in-the-money stock options, except in periods of net loss where the effect of these instruments is anti-dilutive. Out-of-money stock options are excluded from diluted earnings per share because they are anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, basic earnings per share is equal to diluted earnings per share because all outstanding stock awards and convertible loan notes are considered anti-dilutive during periods of net loss. The following table sets forth the weighted-average shares used in calculating the earnings per share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016	2015	2016	2015
Basic weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000
Conversion of unsecured loan notes	—	—	—	—
Unexercised options and unvested RSUs	—	—	—	—
Diluted weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000

Fuel Tech had 2,076,000 and 2,264,000 weighted average equity awards outstanding at September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that were not dilutive for the purposes of inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share but could potentially become dilutive in future periods.

7.    Stock-Based Compensation

Under our stock-based employee compensation plan, referred to as the Fuel Tech, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incentive Plan), awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof. Participants in the Incentive Plan may be our directors, officers, employees, consultants or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of our business. There are a maximum of 4,400,676 shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under the Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2016, Fuel Tech had 684,658 shares available for share-based awards under the 2014 Plan.

Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general, and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of stock-based compensation for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,					Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015			2016		2015
Stock options and restricted stock units	$	479	$	487		$	1,520	$	1,320
Tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense	—		(188		)	—		(508		)
After-tax effect of stock-based compensation	$	479	$	299		$	1,520	$	812

Stock Options

Stock options granted to employees under the Incentive Plans have a 10-year life and they vest as follows: 50% after the second anniversary of the award date, 25% after the third anniversary, and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary of the award date. Fuel Tech calculates stock compensation expense for employee option awards based on the grant date fair value of the award, less expected annual forfeitures, and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the four-year service period of the award. Stock options granted to members of our board of directors vest immediately. Stock compensation for these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized in expense immediately.

Fuel Tech uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing options and the methodology for estimating such model inputs include: (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.

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Stock option activity for Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2016	1,191,125		$	10.48
Granted	81,000		1.58
Exercised	—		—
Expired or forfeited	(200,375	)	16.39
Outstanding on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—
Exercisable on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—

As of September 30, 2016, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Incentive Plans.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to employees vest over time based on continued service (typically vesting over a period between two and four years). Such time-vested RSUs are valued at the date of grant using the intrinsic value method based on the closing price of the Common Shares on the grant date. Compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

In addition to the time vested RSUs described above, performance-based RSU agreements (the Agreements) are issued annually to our Executive Chairman; President/Chief Executive Officer; Senior Vice President, Fuel Conversion Marketing; Senior Vice President, Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer; and Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. The Agreements provide each participating executive the opportunity to earn three types of awards with each award type specifying a targeted number of RSUs that may be granted to each executive based on either the individual performance of the executive or our relative performance compared to a peer group, as determined by the award type. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (the Committee) determines the extent to which, if any, RSUs will be granted based on the achievement of the applicable performance criteria specified in the Agreement. This determination will be made following the completion of the applicable performance period (each a Determination Date). Such performance based awards include the following:

• The first type of award is based on individual performance during the respective calendar year as determined by the Committee based on performance criteria specified in the Agreement. These awards will vest over a three year period beginning on the Determination Date. We estimated the fair value of these performance-based RSU awards on the date of the Agreement using the trading price of the Company’s stock and our estimate of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be met. The fair value measurement and probability estimate will be re-measured each reporting date until the Determination Date, at which time the final award amount will be known. For these job performance-based awards, we amortize compensation costs over the requisite service period, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, for each separately vesting tranche of the award.

• The second type of RSU award contains a targeted number of RSUs to be granted based on the Company’s revenue growth relative to a specified peer group during a period of two calendar years. These awards vest 67% on the second anniversary of the Agreement date and 33% on the third anniversary of the Agreement date. We estimated the fair value of these performance-based RSU awards on the Agreement date using the trading price of the Company’s stock on the date of determination and our estimate of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be met. For these revenue growth performance-based awards, we amortize compensation costs over the requisite service period, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, for each separately vesting tranche of the award.

• The third type of RSU award contains a targeted number of RSUs to be granted based on the total shareholder return (TSR) of the Company’s common stock relative to a specified peer group during a period of two calendar years. These awards vest 67% on the second anniversary of the Agreement date and 33% on the third anniversary of the Agreement date. We estimated the fair value of these market-based RSU awards on the Agreement date using a Monte Carlo valuation methodology and amortize the fair value over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the award. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing these RSUs under this valuation methodology include the risk-free interest rate, stock volatility, and correlations between our stock price and the stock prices of a peer group of companies.

At September 30, 2016, there is $2,345 of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock unit awards to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.70 years.

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A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is as follows:

	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2016	1,204,883		$	4.21
Granted	845,862		1.88
Forfeited	(172,949	)	4.58
Vested	(381,916	)	4.36
Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2016	1,495,880		$	2.81

The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the nine month period ending September 30, 2016 was $644.

Deferred Directors Fees

In addition to the Incentive Plans, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plans for Directors (Deferred Plan). Under the terms of the Deferred Plan, Directors can elect to defer Directors’ fees for shares of Fuel Tech Common Stock that are issuable at a future date as defined in the agreement. In accordance with ASC 718, Fuel Tech accounts for these awards as equity awards. In the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, Fuel Tech recorded no stock-based compensation expense under the Deferred Plan.

8.    Debt Financing

On June 30, 2015, Fuel Tech amended its existing revolving credit facility (the Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPM Chase) to extend the maturity date through June 30, 2017. The total availability under the facility was $15,000 and contained a provision to increase the facility up to a total principal amount of $25,000 upon approval from JPM Chase. The Facility was unsecured, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points, and has the Company’s Italian subsidiary, Fuel Tech S.r.l., as a guarantor. Fuel Tech can use this Facility for cash advances and standby letters of credit. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no outstanding borrowings on the credit facility.

The Facility contained several debt covenants with which the Company must comply on a quarterly or annual basis. The Facility required a minimum trailing-twelve month EBITDA of $500 for the quarters ending March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016; Beginning with the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Facility required a minimum EBITDA for the trailing twelve-month period then ended of not less than $1,000. EBITDA includes after tax earnings with add backs for interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and other non-cash items. This covenant was waived by our bank through the period ending December 31, 2015. In addition, the Facility required a minimum working capital requirement of $35,000, starting as of December 31, 2015. Finally, the Facility had an annual capital expenditure limit of $5,000.

On May 9, 2016, the Company amended its existing U.S. Domestic credit facility with JPM Chase such that the financial covenants as set forth in the credit agreement would not be measured for the period ending as of March 31, 2016, and were removed in their entirety from the Facility. The credit availability under the Facility has been reduced from $15,000 to $7,000 with this amendment, and further, JPM Chase's then current Revolving Commitment under the Facility is now secured by cash held by the Company in a separate restricted use designated JPM Chase deposit account. The amount of credit available to the Company under the Facility was $7,000 from the date of the effective date of the amended facility through May 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $6,000 from June 1, 2016 through July 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $5,000 and will remain as such until the Maturity Date of the Facility on June 30, 2017. The Company intends to renew the U.S. Domestic credit facility at its maturity. During the entire period of the Facility the Company must maintain sufficient cash balances in a segregated deposit account equal to the amount of the Facility and will fully pledge such cash as collateral to the bank to support the credit available to the Company under the Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $3,316 and $7,803, respectively, under the Facility in connection with contracts in process. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no cash borrowings under the domestic revolving credit facility. The Company pays a commitment

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fee of 0.25% per year on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately $2,684 and $7,197 was available for future borrowings under the Facility.

On June 24, 2016, Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a new revolving credit facility (the China Facility) agreement with JPM Chase for RMB 6.5 million (approximately $975), which expires on June 23, 2017. The Company intends to renew the China Facility at its maturity. This new credit facility replaced the previous RMB 35 million facility that expired on June 24, 2016. The facility is unsecured, bears interest at a rate of 125% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate, and is guaranteed by Fuel Tech. Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Beijing Fuel Tech had no cash borrowings under the China Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $179 and $57, respectively, on its Beijing Fuel Tech revolving credit facility in connection with contracts in process. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately $796 and $5,335 was available for future borrowings.

In the event of default on either the domestic facility or the China facility, the cross default feature in each allows the lending bank to accelerate the payments of any amounts outstanding and may, under certain circumstances, allow the bank to cancel the facility. If the Company were unable to obtain a waiver for a breach of covenant and the bank accelerated the payment of any outstanding amounts, such acceleration may cause the Company’s cash position to deteriorate or, if cash on hand were insufficient to satisfy the payment due, may require the Company to obtain alternate financing to satisfy the accelerated payment.

Interest payments in the amount of $0 and $30 were made during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and $0 for the three-month periods then ended. 

9.    Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

Business Segment Financial Data

We segregate our financial results into three reportable segments representing three broad technology segments as follows:

• The Air Pollution Control technology segment includes technologies to reduce NO_x emissions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources. These include Low and Ultra Low NO_x Burners (LNB and ULNB), Over-Fire Air (OFA) systems, NO_xOUT^® and HERT™ Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) systems, and Advanced Selective Catalytic Reduction (ASCR^™) systems. Our ASCR systems include ULNB, OFA, and SNCR components, along with a downsized SCR catalyst, Ammonia Injection Grid (AIG), and Graduated Straightening Grid GSG™ systems to provide high NO_x reductions at significantly lower capital and operating costs than conventional SCR systems. The NO_xOUT CASCADE^® and NO_xOUT-SCR^® processes are more basic, using just SNCR and SCR catalyst components. ULTRA™ technology creates ammonia at a plant site using safe urea for use with any SCR application. Flue Gas Conditioning systems are chemical injection systems offered in markets outside the U.S. and Canada to enhance electrostatic precipitator and fabric filter performance in controlling particulate emissions.

• The FUEL CHEM^® technology segment, which uses chemical processes in combination with advanced CFD and CKM boiler modeling, for the control of slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in furnaces and boilers through the addition of chemicals into the furnace using TIFI^® Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology.

• The Fuel Conversion segment represents a new business initiative we commenced in 2014. We acquired intellectual property rights and know-how related to the CARBONITE® fuel conversion process and technology. This process can convert coals of various grades into value-added products that are high in energy content, carbon-rich and less pollutive. This technology has a number of potential applications including certain coal replacement, electric arc furnace (EAF) reductant, ferro-alloy feedstock, absorbent and Hg reduced carbon stock. During 2015 and 2016, we have been testing and developing the engineered carbon products for specific markets. We are in the process of evaluating the commercialization of these product offerings with prospective customers and considering alternatives. We have earned no significant revenue other than for test products from perspective customers for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The “Other” classification includes those profit and loss items not allocated to either reportable segment. There are no inter-segment sales that require elimination.

We evaluate performance and allocates resources based on reviewing gross margin by reportable segment. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (Note 1 in our annual report on Form 10-K). We do not review assets by reportable segment, but rather, in aggregate for the Company as a whole.

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Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin are provided below:

Three months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	6,042		$	6,554		$	—		$	—		$	12,596
Cost of sales	(4,233		)	(3,048		)	—			—			(7,281		)
Gross margin	1,809			3,506			—			—			5,315
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(5,789		)	(5,789		)
Restructuring charge	(373		)	(735		)	—			—			(1,108		)
Research and development	—			—			(630		)	(672		)	(1,302		)
Operating income (loss)	$	1,436		$	2,771		$	(630	)	$	(6,461	)	$	(2,884	)

Three months ended September 30, 2015	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	13,078		$	8,599		$	—		$	—		$	21,677
Cost of sales	(10,021		)	(3,808		)	—			—			(13,829		)
Gross margin	3,057			4,791			—			—			7,848
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(7,122		)	(7,122		)
Restructuring charge	—			—			—			—			—
Research and development	—			—			(1,111		)	(410		)	(1,521		)
Operating income (loss)	$	3,057		$	4,791		$	(1,111	)	$	(7,532	)	$	(795	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	29,063		$	16,530		$	—		$	—		$	45,593
Cost of sales	(20,704		)	(7,946		)	—			—			(28,650		)
Gross margin	8,359			8,584			—			—			16,943
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(19,711		)	(19,711		)
Restructuring charge	(537		)	(888		)	—			—			(1,425		)
Research and development	—			—			(2,144		)	(1,438		)	(3,582		)
Operating income (loss)	$	7,822		$	7,696		$	(2,144	)	$	(21,149	)	$	(7,775	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2015	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	31,022		$	24,441		$	—		$	—		$	55,463
Cost of sales	(22,111		)	(11,702		)	—			—			(33,813		)
Gross margin	8,911			12,739			—			—			21,650
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(23,490		)	(23,490		)
Restructuring charge	(179		)	(56		)	—			—			(235		)
Research and development	—			—			(2,212		)	(1,163		)	(3,375		)
Operating income (loss)	$	8,732		$	12,683		$	(2,212	)	$	(24,653	)	$	(5,450	)

Geographic Segment Financial Data

Information concerning our operations by geographic area is provided below. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer. Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

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	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Revenues:
United States	$	9,838	$	13,665	$	36,523	$	38,141
Foreign	2,758		8,012		9,070		17,322
	$	12,596	$	21,677	$	45,593	$	55,463

	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Assets:
United States	$	42,938	$	47,437
Foreign	21,893		28,574
	$	64,831	$	76,011

10.    Contingencies

Fuel Tech is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers compensation, general liability (including product liability), and lawsuits. The Company records liabilities where a contingent loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the Company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The Company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company received a notice from a contractor that performed installation work on one of the Company's APC projects regarding $3.9 million in purported expenses beyond the contractually agreed cap on expenses. We believe that the claims alleged with regards to the additional expenses are without merit, and we intend to vigorously defend against them. The Company did not accrue an amount as of September 30, 2016 related to the alleged claims. As of September 30, 2016, the Company initiated the process, as required by the Company's contract with the subcontractor, to submit the dispute into mediation. If the parties are not able to agree upon terms within the mediation phase, the Company would seek resolution to the matter in court. A future adverse ruling or settlement could result in charges that could have a material adverse effect on the company's consolidated balance sheet, results of operations or cash flows in the period in which they are recorded.

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experienced in the preceding years as the nature of our historical product sales for which we offer a warranty are substantially unchanged. This approach provides an aggregate warranty accrual that is historically aligned with actual warranty claims experienced.

Changes in the warranty liability for the nine months September 30, 2016 and 2015, are summarized below:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of period	$	268		$	268
Net aggregate expense (benefit) related to product warranties	(109		)	8
Aggregate reductions for payments	—			(8		)
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of period	$	159		$	268

11.    Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate is 2% and 42% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 34% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on our United States deferred tax assets since we cannot anticipate when or if we will have sufficient taxable income to utilize the deferred tax assets in the future. Further, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate due to state taxes, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates, foreign losses incurred with no related tax benefit, non-deductible commissions, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Fuel Tech had unrecognized tax benefits of $37 and $140 as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 respectively, all of which, if ultimately recognized, will reduce Fuel Tech's annual effective tax rate.  

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Effective beginning April 1, 2016, Fuel Tech prospectively adopted ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" and as a result classified all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current.

12.    Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. Fuel Tech has two reporting units for goodwill evaluation purposes: the FUEL CHEM^® technology segment and the APC technology segment. There is no goodwill associated with our APC or Fuel Conversion segments.  At both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our entire goodwill balance of $2,116 was allocated to the FUEL CHEM^® technology segment.

Goodwill is allocated to each of our reporting units after considering the nature of the net assets giving rise to the goodwill and how each reporting unit would enjoy the benefits and synergies of the net assets acquired. There were no indications of goodwill impairment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Fuel Tech reviews other intangible assets, which include customer lists and relationships, covenants not to compete, patent assets, tradenames, and acquired technologies, for impairment on a recurring basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that impairment indicators exist, a further analysis is performed and if the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates of future cash flows are made, however, the actual cash values that could be realized may differ from those that are estimated. There were no indications of intangible asset impairment in the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

FUEL TECH, INC.

Item 2.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    

Results of Operations

Revenues for the three- and nine- month periods ending September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $12,596 and $21,677, and $45,593 and $55,463 respectively, representing decreases of 42% and 18% versus the same periods last year.

The Air Pollution Control (APC) technology segment generated revenues of $6,042 and $29,063 for the three- and nine-month periods ending September 30, 2016, respectively, a decrease of $7,036 or 54%, and a decrease of $1,959 or 6% from the prior period amounts of $13,078 and $31,022, respectively.

Consolidated APC backlog at September 30, 2016 was $10,537 versus backlog at December 31, 2015 of $22,185. Our current backlog consists of U.S. domestic projects totaling $5,706 and international projects totaling $4,831.

The FUEL CHEM^® technology segment generated revenues of $6,554 and $16,530 for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. For the three-month period this represents a decrease of $2,045 or 24% versus the prior year amount of $8,599. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 this represents a decrease of $7,911 or 32% compared to the prior year period amount of $24,441.

This segment continues to be affected by the soft electric demand market and low natural gas prices, which leads to fuel switching, unscheduled outages, and combustion units operating at less than capacity.

Consolidated gross margin percentage for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 increased to 42% from 36%, and was 37% and 39% for the nine-month periods then ended. The gross margin percentage for the APC technology segment for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was 30% and 23%, respectively, and was 29% for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. For the FUEL CHEM technology segment, the gross margin percentage decreased to 53% from 56% in the three-month periods ending September 30, 2016. For both the nine-month periods, the gross margin percentage for the FUEL CHEM technology segment was 52% .

Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 were $5,789 and $19,711, respectively, and for the same periods in 2015 were $7,122 and $23,490, respectively. For the three-month period ended September 30, 2016 this represents a decrease of $1,333, which was primarily the result of decreases in administrative costs associated with our domestic and foreign operations of $1,530, professional and consulting services of $120, and other administrative expenses of $321, partially offset by increases in employee related costs of $638. SG&A for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $3,779, which was primarily the result of decreases in employee

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related costs of $2,658, professional and consulting services of $574, and other administrative expenses of $663, partially offset by increases in administrative costs associated with our foreign operations of $116. SG&A as a percentage of revenues for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 increased to 46% from 33%, and was 43% and 42% for the nine-month periods then ended. The increase in SG&A percentage for the three- and nine-month periods is attributed to the decrease in revenues due to soft electric demand and low natural gas prices. For further information related to restructuring, refer to Note 3 - Restructuring Activities.

In July 2016, the Company reduced its workforce to better align its organizational infrastructure to its revised operating plans. The Company recorded a charge of $1,108 in the third quarter of 2016 in connection with the workforce reduction which primarily consisted of one-time severance payments and benefit continuation costs. The segment impacts of the total restructuring charge is as follows: APC charges of approximately $373 and Fuel Chem charges of approximately $735.

Research and development expenses for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $1,302 and $1,521, and $3,582 and $3,375, respectively. In our Research and development expenses for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $630 and $1,111 and $2,144 and $2,212, respectively, in expenses pertaining to the development of our Fuel Conversion business, while the remaining expenditures were focused on new product development for our APC and Fuel Chem businesses. We plan to continue focusing on increased research and development efforts in the pursuit of commercial applications for technologies outside of our traditional markets, and in the development and analysis of new technologies that could represent incremental market opportunities.

Income tax benefit for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were $114 and $603, and $208 and $2,410, respectively. The Company is projecting a consolidated effective tax rate of (7)% for 2016 which was lower than the federal income tax rate of 34%. The Company's effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 34% for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on our United States deferred tax assets since we cannot anticipate when or if we will have sufficient taxable income to utilize the deferred tax assets in the future. Further, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate due to state taxes, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates, foreign losses incurred with no related tax benefit, non-deductible commissions, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses.

Liquidity and Sources of Capital

At September 30, 2016, Fuel Tech had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments on hand of $13,347 (restricted cash of $6,020) and working capital of $31,347 versus $21,703 and $35,865 at December 31, 2015, respectively.

Operating activities used cash of $2,182 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016. This decrease in cash from operations was due to cash used as a result of our net loss of $8,284 and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $4,445, offset by cash provided by a decrease in prepaid and other assets of $2,766, a decrease in our accounts receivable of $2,764, a decrease in inventory of $654, and the effect of non-cash charges of $4,363.

Investing activities used cash of $451 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 and related to net cash used for purchases of equipment and patents of $453 offset by proceeds from the sale of equipment of $2.

Financing activities used cash of $6,192 as a result of $6,020 increase in restricted cash, and $172 in cash used for the acquisition of common shares held in treasury that were withheld for taxes due by employees upon lapsing of restricted stock units.

On June 30, 2015, Fuel Tech amended its existing revolving credit facility (the Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPM Chase) to extend the maturity date through June 30, 2017. The total availability under the facility was $15,000 and contained a provision to increase the facility up to a total principal amount of $25,000 upon approval from JPM Chase. The Facility was unsecured, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points, and has the Company’s Italian subsidiary, Fuel Tech S.r.l., as a guarantor. Fuel Tech can use this Facility for cash advances and standby letters of credit. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no outstanding borrowings on the credit facility.

The Facility contained several debt covenants with which the Company must comply on a quarterly or annual basis. The Facility required a minimum trailing-twelve month EBITDA of $500 for the quarters ending March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016; Beginning with the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Facility required a minimum EBITDA for the trailing twelve-month period then ended of not less than $1,000. EBITDA includes after tax earnings with add backs for interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and other non-cash items. This covenant was waived by our bank through the period ending December 31, 2015. In addition, the Facility required a minimum

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working capital requirement of $35,000, starting as of December 31, 2015. Finally, the Facility had an annual capital expenditure limit of $5,000.

On May 9, 2016, the Company amended its existing U.S. Domestic credit facility with JPM Chase such that the financial covenants as set forth in the credit agreement would not be measured for the period ending as of March 31, 2016, and were removed in their entirety from the Facility. The credit availability under the Facility has been reduced from $15,000 to $7,000 with this amendment, and further, JPM Chase's then current Revolving Commitment under the Facility is now secured by cash held by the Company in a separate restricted use designated JPM Chase deposit account. The amount of credit available to the Company under the Facility was $7,000 from the date of the effective date of the amended facility through May 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $6,000 from June 1, 2016 through July 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $5,000 and will remain as such until the Maturity Date of the Facility on June 30, 2017. During the entire period of the Facility the Company must maintain sufficient cash balances in a segregated deposit account equal to the amount of the Facility and will fully pledge such cash as collateral to the bank to support the credit available to the Company under the Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $3,316 and $7,803, respectively, under the Facility in connection with contracts in process. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no cash borrowings under the domestic revolving credit facility. The Company pays a commitment fee of 0.25% per year on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility.

On June 24, 2016, Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a new revolving credit facility (the China Facility) agreement with JPM Chase for RMB 6.5 million (approximately $975), which expires on June 23, 2017. The company intends to renew the China Facility at its maturity. This new credit facility replaced the previous RMB 35 million facility that expired on June 24, 2016. The facility is unsecured, bears interest at a rate of 125% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate, and is guaranteed by Fuel Tech. Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Beijing Fuel Tech had no cash borrowings under the China Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $179 and $57, respectively, on its Beijing Fuel Tech revolving credit facility in connection with contracts in process. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately $796 and $5,335 was available for future borrowings.

In the event of default on either the domestic facility or the China facility, the cross default feature in each allows the lending bank to accelerate the payments of any amounts outstanding and may, under certain circumstances, allow the bank to cancel the facility. If the Company were unable to obtain a waiver for a breach of covenant and the bank accelerated the payment of any outstanding amounts, such acceleration may cause the Company’s cash position to deteriorate or, if cash on hand were insufficient to satisfy the payment due, may require the Company to obtain alternate financing to satisfy the accelerated payment.

We continue to monitor our liquidity needs and in response to our continued losses have taken measures to reduce expenses and restructure operations which we feel are necessary to ensure we maintain sufficient working capital and liquidity to operate the business and invest in our future.

We have sustained losses for the first nine months of 2016 totaling $8,284. Our cash used in operations for this same period totaled $2,182. We incur on an annualized basis approximately $5.5 million in non-cash expenses for depreciation, amortization and stock compensation. We have taken measures to reduce our expense infrastructure, and over the past two years have eliminated approximately $8 million in aggregate expense through headcount and other operating expense cutbacks.

Our cash balance as of September 30, 2016 totaled $19.3 million, and our working capital totaled $31.3 million. We do not have any outstanding debt obligations other than our letters of credit, and our current credit agreement does not have any financial covenants as we have moved to a cash collateralized line of credit with our lender.

We have evaluated our ongoing business needs, and considered the cash requirements of our base business of Air Pollution Control and Fuel Chem, as well as our efforts to support our Fuel Conversion business. This evaluation included consideration of the following: a) customer and revenue trends in our APC and Fuel Chem business segments, b) current operating structure and expenditure levels, c) contingent payouts as described in the notes to our financial statements, and d) support for our Fuel Conversion business and other research and development initiatives.

We currently have a $5 million domestic U.S. credit facility which we use to issue letters of credit to our customers. During 2016 that credit facility was converted to a fully cash collateralized line of credit requiring us to deposit funds in a restricted

16

cash account to support that credit line. We expect to continue operating under this arrangement for the foreseeable future. Our liquidity may be adversely affected to the extent we are required to collateralize further letters of credit by additional cash deposits.

Based on this analysis, management believes that currently we have sufficient cash and working capital to operate our base APC and Fuel Chem businesses. However, we do not have sufficient capital to support the full development of our Fuel Conversion business for the longer term that will require us to find outside resources to support this business effort. No assurances can be given as to whether such resources will be available, or on what terms.

Contingencies and Contractual Obligations

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers as discussed in Note 10. There was a reduction of $109 in the warranty liability balance during the nine-months ended September 30, 2016 due to an overall reduction in warranty claims based on recent actual warranty claims experienced.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and reflect Fuel Tech’s current expectations regarding future growth, results of operations, cash flows, performance and business prospects, and opportunities, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Fuel Tech has tried to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “will,” and similar expressions, but these words are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements. These statements are based on information currently available to Fuel Tech and are subject to various risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 in Item 1A under the caption “Risk Factors,” which could cause Fuel Tech’s actual growth, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, performance and business prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these statements. Fuel Tech undertakes no obligation to update such factors or to publicly announce the results of any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events, developments, or changed circumstances or for any other reason. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in Fuel Tech’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 3.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Foreign Currency Risk Management

Fuel Tech’s earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We do not enter into foreign currency forward contracts nor into foreign currency option contracts to manage this risk due to the immaterial nature of the transactions involved.

Fuel Tech is also exposed to changes in interest rates primarily due to its debt facilities (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements). A hypothetical 100 basis point adverse move in interest rates along the entire interest rate yield curve would not have a materially adverse effect on interest expense during the upcoming year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 4.        Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Fuel Tech maintains disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls designed to ensure (a) that information required to be disclosed in Fuel Tech’s filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and (b) that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Fuel Tech’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d -15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report, and they have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

17

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time involved in litigation incidental to our business. We are not currently involved in any litigation in which we believe an adverse outcome would have a material effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, or prospects.

Item 1A.        Risk Factors

The risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 have not materially changed except for the following:

Our Fuel Conversion Business is in its Early Stages of Development

Our Fuel Conversion business is in the research and development stage and has not commenced commercial operations as of September 30, 2016. Traditionally, we have financed our research and product development activities from cash generated from operations. We spent $2.8 and $0.3 million in research and development and other related costs for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively and $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We have been testing and developing engineered carbon feedstock products for specific markets which are not yet commercially viable. While we remain optimistic of our ability to develop and commercialize these products in the future, there can be no assurance that we will be able to further develop these products to the extent required for use within the markets and customer bases we have identified.

Further, we believe we will be required to find outside financial resources to support the full development of our Fuel Conversion business for the longer term. The ability of the Company to fund its potential future Fuel Conversion operations, including constructing new manufacturing facilities and/or acquiring and re-purposing existing manufacturing facilities to meet our specifications for our Fuel Conversion business, is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing when and as needed. Due to the current state of the coal-fired electricity generating market, we believe we do not currently have the ability to access commercial debt markets for that financing. In addition, the volatility in the energy industry combined with recent bankruptcies and additional perceived credit risk of companies with coal exposure has resulted in traditional bank lenders seeking to reduce or eliminate their lending exposure to these companies. Accordingly, we may be required to seek financing from other sources at unfavorable pricing or with unfavorable terms to continue to run our traditional APC and Chemical Technologies contemporaneously with the development of the Fuel Conversion business segment. If such funding is not attainable, the development of the Fuel Conversion business may be significantly delayed or stopped altogether.

Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

18

Item 6.        Exhibits

a.	Exhibits (all filed herewith)
	31.1	Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	31.2	Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	32	Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
	101.1	INSXBRL Instance Document
	101.2	SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	101.3	CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	101.4	DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	101.5	LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	101.6	PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Prevention Linkbase Document

19

FUEL TECH, INC.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ Vincent J. Arnone
		Vincent J. Arnone
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ David S. Collins
		David S. Collins
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

20

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

I, Vincent J. Arnone, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ Vincent J. Arnone
		Vincent J. Arnone
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

I, David S. Collins, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Fuel Tech, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ David S. Collins
		David S. Collins
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

The undersigned in their capacities as Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant do hereby certify that:

(i) this report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in the report.

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ Vincent J. Arnone
		Vincent J. Arnone
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 8, 2016	By:	/s/ David S. Collins
		David S. Collins
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Act”) this certification accompanies the Report and shall not, except to the extent required by the Act, be deemed filed by the Registrant for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Fuel Tech, Inc. and will be retained by Fuel Tech, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Oct. 31, 2016
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	FUEL TECH, INC.
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,446,035
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000846913
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus (Q1,Q2,Q3,FY)	Q3

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 13,332	$ 21,684
Restricted cash	6,020	0
Marketable securities	15	19
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,890 and $1,772, respectively	19,804	23,060
Inventories	992	1,653
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,473	3,889
Prepaid income taxes	733	1,857
Deferred income taxes	0	239
Total current assets	43,369	52,401
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,172 and $23,414, respectively	10,889	12,001
Goodwill	2,116	2,116
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $8,736 and $7,452, respectively	6,000	7,144
Deferred income taxes	1,198	992
Other assets	1,259	1,357
Total assets	64,831	76,011
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	5,802	8,942
Accrued liabilities:
Employee compensation	1,879	1,645
Other accrued liabilities	4,341	5,949
Total current liabilities	12,022	16,536
Other liabilities	401	501
Total liabilities	12,423	17,037
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 23,800,924 and 23,419,008 shares issued, and 23,446,035, and 23,167,216 shares outstanding, respectively	238	234
Additional paid-in capital	136,909	135,394
Accumulated deficit	(82,416)	(74,132)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,185)	(1,556)
Nil coupon perpetual loan notes	76	76
Treasury stock, at cost	(1,214)	(1,042)
Total shareholders’ equity	52,408	58,974
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 64,831	$ 76,011

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 1,687	$ 1,772
Accumulated depreciation	23,921	23,414
Accumulated amortization	$ 7,886	$ 7,452
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	23,539,342	23,419,008
Common stock outstanding (in shares)	23,257,804	23,167,216

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 12,596	$ 21,677	$ 45,593	$ 55,463
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	7,281	13,829	28,650	33,813
Selling, general and administrative	5,789	7,122	19,711	23,490
Restructuring charge	1,108	0	1,425	235
Research and development	1,302	1,521	3,582	3,375
Costs and expenses:	15,480	22,472	53,368	60,913
Operating (loss)	(2,884)	(795)	(7,775)	(5,450)
Interest expense	0	0	0	(30)
Interest income	5	3	21	17
Other expense	(254)	(100)	(738)	(261)
(Loss) before income taxes	(3,133)	(892)	(8,492)	(5,724)
Income tax benefit	114	603	208	2,410
Net (loss)	$ (3,019)	$ (289)	$ (8,284)	$ (3,314)
Net (loss) per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.14)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.14)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	23,446	23,167	23,337	23,079
Diluted (in shares)	23,446	23,167	23,337	23,079

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net (loss)	$ (3,019)	$ (289)	$ (8,284)	$ (3,314)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	57	(642)	375	(706)
Unrealized gains (losses) from marketable securities, net of tax	4	(3)	(4)	(3)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	61	(645)	371	(709)
Comprehensive (loss)	$ (2,958)	$ (934)	$ (7,913)	$ (4,023)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Operating Activities
Net (loss)	$ (8,284)	$ (3,314)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	1,359	1,560
Amortization	1,285	1,607
Loss (Gain) on disposal of equipment	59	(26)
Provision for doubtful accounts, net of recoveries	151	(43)
Deferred income taxes	(11)	(834)
Stock-based compensation	1,520	1,320
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,764	1,958
Inventories	654	(331)
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other non-current assets	2,766	313
Accounts payable	(3,083)	896
Accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities	(1,362)	(4,180)
Net cash (used in) operating activities	(2,182)	(1,074)
Investing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and patents	(453)	(523)
Proceeds from the sale of equipment	2	26
Net cash (used in) investing activities	(451)	(497)
Financing Activities
Change in restricted cash	(6,020)	0
Payments on short-term borrowings	0	(1,623)
Treasury shares withheld	(172)	(252)
Net cash (used in) financing activities	(6,192)	(1,875)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash	473	(793)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,352)	(4,239)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	21,684	18,637
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 13,332	$ 14,398

XML

General

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

General

Organization

Fuel Tech, Inc. and subsidiaries ("Fuel Tech", the "Company", "we", "us" or "our") provides advanced engineered solutions for the optimization of combustion systems in utility and industrial applications. Our primary focus is on the worldwide marketing and sale of NOx reduction technologies as well as our FUEL CHEM program. The Company’s NOx reduction technologies reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from boilers, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources.

Our FUEL CHEM program is based on proprietary TIFI^® Targeted In-Furnace™ Injection technology, in combination with advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Chemical Kinetics Modeling (CKM) boiler modeling, in the unique application of specialty chemicals to improve the efficiency, reliability and environmental status of combustion units by controlling slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in the boiler.

Our business is materially dependent on the continued existence and enforcement of air quality regulations, particularly in the United States. We have expended significant resources in the research and development of new technologies in building our proprietary portfolio of air pollution control, fuel and boiler treatment chemicals, computer modeling and advanced visualization technologies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the statements for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications to prior year amounts have been made in the consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. In the third quarter of 2016, the Company concluded that it was appropriate to separately present restructuring charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Accordingly, the corresponding reclassifications have also been made to the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Restricted cash

Restricted cash represents funds that are restricted to satisfy any amount borrowed against the Company's existing revolving credit facility (the Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The amount of restricted cash was reduced by $1,000 on July 31, 2016 and became unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. The remaining balance of restricted cash totaling $6,020 will remain through the Maturity Date of the Facility. Refer to Note 8 Debt Financing for further information on the Facility.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from the sales of chemical products are recorded when title transfers, either at the point of shipment or at the point of destination, depending on the contract with the customer.

Fuel Tech uses the percentage of completion method of accounting for equipment construction and license contracts that are sold within the Air Pollution Control technology segment. Under the percentage of completion method, revenues are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual construction costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Construction costs include all direct costs such as materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, and indirect costs allocable to the particular contract such as indirect labor, tools and equipment, and supplies. Revisions in completion estimates and contract values are made in the period in which the facts giving rise to the revisions become known and can influence the timing of when revenues are recognized under the percentage of completion method of accounting. Such revisions have historically not had a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized. The completed contract method is used for certain contracts that are not long-term in nature or when reasonably dependable estimates of the percentage of completion cannot be made. When the completed contract method is used, revenue and costs are deferred until the contract is substantially complete, which usually occurs upon customer acceptance of the installed product. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.

Fuel Tech’s APC contracts are typically eight to sixteen months in length. A typical contract will have three or four critical operational measurements that, when achieved, serve as the basis for us to invoice the customer via progress billings. At a minimum, these measurements will include the generation of engineering drawings, the shipment of equipment and the completion of a system performance test.

As part of most of its contractual APC project agreements, Fuel Tech will agree to customer-specific acceptance criteria that relate to the operational performance of the system that is being sold. These criteria are determined based on mathematical modeling that is performed by Fuel Tech personnel, which is based on operational inputs that are provided by the customer. The customer will warrant that these operational inputs are accurate as they are specified in the binding contractual agreement. Further, the customer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the operating condition information; typically all performance guarantees and equipment warranties granted by us are voidable if the operating condition information is inaccurate or is not met.

Accounts receivable includes unbilled receivables, representing revenues recognized in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts under the percentage of completion method of accounting. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, unbilled receivables were approximately $8,042 and $7,312, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were $1,168 and $1,858, at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Fuel Tech has installed over 1,000 units with APC technology and normally provides performance guarantees to our customers based on the operating conditions for the project. As part of the project implementation process, we perform system start-up and optimization services that effectively serve as a test of actual project performance. We believe that this test, combined with the accuracy of the modeling that is performed, enables revenue to be recognized prior to the receipt of formal customer acceptance.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The amendments in this Update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. Current accounting principles require an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively for the interim period beginning in the second quarter of 2016; thus, the prior reporting period was not retrospectively adjusted. See Note 11, Income Taxes, for further discussion.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This new accounting guidance on revenue recognition provides for a single five-step model to be applied to all revenue contracts with customers. The new standard also requires additional financial statement disclosures that will enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows relating to customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral to January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This new accounting guidance more clearly articulates the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. Topic 330, Inventory, currently requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. This new accounting guidance requires the measurement of inventory at lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance in not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this Update increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in this Update simplify the income tax effects, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and impact of forfeitures related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the statement.

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Restructuring Activities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring Activities

Restructuring Activities

In July 2016, the Company reduced its workforce to better align its organizational infrastructure to its revised operating plans. The Company recorded a charge of $1,108 in the third quarter of 2016 in connection with the workforce reduction. The charge consisted primarily of one-time severance payments and benefit continuation costs. In addition, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $317 for the three-months ended March 31, 2016 to further reduce its organizational infrastructure. Further, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $235 for the three-months ended June 30, 2015. The following is a reconciliation of the accrual for the workforce reduction that is included within the "Accrued Liabilities" line of the consolidated balance sheets for the three- and nine-months ending September 30, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at June 30,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,108			—
Amounts paid	(616		)	—
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

	Nine Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at January 1,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,425			235
Amounts paid	(933		)	(235		)
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Foreign currency translation
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,250	)	$	(535	)	$	(1,568	)	$	(471	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	57			(642		)	375			(706		)
Balance at end of period	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Balance at beginning of period	$	4		$	23		$	12		$	23
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain (2)	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Deferred income taxes (2)	—			—			—			—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Balance at end of period	$	8		$	20		$	8		$	20
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)

(1) In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

(2) In all periods presented, there were no realized holding gains or losses and therefore no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

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Treasury Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Equity [Abstract]

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock

Common stock held in treasury totaled 354,889 and 251,792 with a cost of $1,214 and $1,042 at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. These shares were withheld from employees to settle personal tax withholding obligations that arose as a result of restricted stock units that have vested since 2012.

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Earnings per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effects of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes. Diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of the nil coupon non-redeemable convertible unsecured loan notes, RSUs, and unexercised in-the-money stock options, except in periods of net loss where the effect of these instruments is anti-dilutive. Out-of-money stock options are excluded from diluted earnings per share because they are anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, basic earnings per share is equal to diluted earnings per share because all outstanding stock awards and convertible loan notes are considered anti-dilutive during periods of net loss. The following table sets forth the weighted-average shares used in calculating the earnings per share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016	2015	2016	2015
Basic weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000
Conversion of unsecured loan notes	—	—	—	—
Unexercised options and unvested RSUs	—	—	—	—
Diluted weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000

Fuel Tech had 2,076,000 and 2,264,000 weighted average equity awards outstanding at September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that were not dilutive for the purposes of inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share but could potentially become dilutive in future periods.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Under our stock-based employee compensation plan, referred to as the Fuel Tech, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (Incentive Plan), awards may be granted to participants in the form of Non-Qualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), Performance Awards, Bonuses or other forms of share-based or non-share-based awards or combinations thereof. Participants in the Incentive Plan may be our directors, officers, employees, consultants or advisors (except consultants or advisors in capital-raising transactions) as the directors determine are key to the success of our business. There are a maximum of 4,400,676 shares that may be issued or reserved for awards to participants under the Incentive Plan. As of September 30, 2016, Fuel Tech had 684,658 shares available for share-based awards under the 2014 Plan.

Stock-based compensation is included in selling, general, and administrative costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The components of stock-based compensation for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,					Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015			2016		2015
Stock options and restricted stock units	$	479	$	487		$	1,520	$	1,320
Tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense	—		(188		)	—		(508		)
After-tax effect of stock-based compensation	$	479	$	299		$	1,520	$	812

Stock Options

Stock options granted to employees under the Incentive Plans have a 10-year life and they vest as follows: 50% after the second anniversary of the award date, 25% after the third anniversary, and the final 25% after the fourth anniversary of the award date. Fuel Tech calculates stock compensation expense for employee option awards based on the grant date fair value of the award, less expected annual forfeitures, and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the four-year service period of the award. Stock options granted to members of our board of directors vest immediately. Stock compensation for these awards is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized in expense immediately.

Fuel Tech uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing options and the methodology for estimating such model inputs include: (1) risk-free interest rate – an estimate based on the yield of zero–coupon treasury securities with a maturity equal to the expected life of the option; (2) expected volatility – an estimate based on the historical volatility of Fuel Tech’s Common Stock for a period equal to the expected life of the option; and (3) expected life of the option – an estimate based on historical experience including the effect of employee terminations.

Stock option activity for Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2016	1,191,125		$	10.48
Granted	81,000		1.58
Exercised	—		—
Expired or forfeited	(200,375	)	16.39
Outstanding on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—
Exercisable on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—

As of September 30, 2016, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Incentive Plans.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to employees vest over time based on continued service (typically vesting over a period between two and four years). Such time-vested RSUs are valued at the date of grant using the intrinsic value method based on the closing price of the Common Shares on the grant date. Compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.

In addition to the time vested RSUs described above, performance-based RSU agreements (the Agreements) are issued annually to our Executive Chairman; President/Chief Executive Officer; Senior Vice President, Fuel Conversion Marketing; Senior Vice President, Treasurer/Chief Financial Officer; and Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. The Agreements provide each participating executive the opportunity to earn three types of awards with each award type specifying a targeted number of RSUs that may be granted to each executive based on either the individual performance of the executive or our relative performance compared to a peer group, as determined by the award type. The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (the Committee) determines the extent to which, if any, RSUs will be granted based on the achievement of the applicable performance criteria specified in the Agreement. This determination will be made following the completion of the applicable performance period (each a Determination Date). Such performance based awards include the following:

• The first type of award is based on individual performance during the respective calendar year as determined by the Committee based on performance criteria specified in the Agreement. These awards will vest over a three year period beginning on the Determination Date. We estimated the fair value of these performance-based RSU awards on the date of the Agreement using the trading price of the Company’s stock and our estimate of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be met. The fair value measurement and probability estimate will be re-measured each reporting date until the Determination Date, at which time the final award amount will be known. For these job performance-based awards, we amortize compensation costs over the requisite service period, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, for each separately vesting tranche of the award.

• The second type of RSU award contains a targeted number of RSUs to be granted based on the Company’s revenue growth relative to a specified peer group during a period of two calendar years. These awards vest 67% on the second anniversary of the Agreement date and 33% on the third anniversary of the Agreement date. We estimated the fair value of these performance-based RSU awards on the Agreement date using the trading price of the Company’s stock on the date of determination and our estimate of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be met. For these revenue growth performance-based awards, we amortize compensation costs over the requisite service period, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, for each separately vesting tranche of the award.

• The third type of RSU award contains a targeted number of RSUs to be granted based on the total shareholder return (TSR) of the Company’s common stock relative to a specified peer group during a period of two calendar years. These awards vest 67% on the second anniversary of the Agreement date and 33% on the third anniversary of the Agreement date. We estimated the fair value of these market-based RSU awards on the Agreement date using a Monte Carlo valuation methodology and amortize the fair value over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the award. The principal variable assumptions utilized in valuing these RSUs under this valuation methodology include the risk-free interest rate, stock volatility, and correlations between our stock price and the stock prices of a peer group of companies.

At September 30, 2016, there is $2,345 of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock unit awards to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.70 years.

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is as follows:

	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2016	1,204,883		$	4.21
Granted	845,862		1.88
Forfeited	(172,949	)	4.58
Vested	(381,916	)	4.36
Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2016	1,495,880		$	2.81

The fair value of restricted stock that vested during the nine month period ending September 30, 2016 was $644.

Deferred Directors Fees

In addition to the Incentive Plans, Fuel Tech has a Deferred Compensation Plans for Directors (Deferred Plan). Under the terms of the Deferred Plan, Directors can elect to defer Directors’ fees for shares of Fuel Tech Common Stock that are issuable at a future date as defined in the agreement. In accordance with ASC 718, Fuel Tech accounts for these awards as equity awards. In the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, Fuel Tech recorded no stock-based compensation expense under the Deferred Plan.

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Debt Financing

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Financing

Debt Financing

On June 30, 2015, Fuel Tech amended its existing revolving credit facility (the Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JPM Chase) to extend the maturity date through June 30, 2017. The total availability under the facility was $15,000 and contained a provision to increase the facility up to a total principal amount of $25,000 upon approval from JPM Chase. The Facility was unsecured, bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 300 basis points, and has the Company’s Italian subsidiary, Fuel Tech S.r.l., as a guarantor. Fuel Tech can use this Facility for cash advances and standby letters of credit. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no outstanding borrowings on the credit facility.

The Facility contained several debt covenants with which the Company must comply on a quarterly or annual basis. The Facility required a minimum trailing-twelve month EBITDA of $500 for the quarters ending March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016; Beginning with the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Facility required a minimum EBITDA for the trailing twelve-month period then ended of not less than $1,000. EBITDA includes after tax earnings with add backs for interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and other non-cash items. This covenant was waived by our bank through the period ending December 31, 2015. In addition, the Facility required a minimum working capital requirement of $35,000, starting as of December 31, 2015. Finally, the Facility had an annual capital expenditure limit of $5,000.

On May 9, 2016, the Company amended its existing U.S. Domestic credit facility with JPM Chase such that the financial covenants as set forth in the credit agreement would not be measured for the period ending as of March 31, 2016, and were removed in their entirety from the Facility. The credit availability under the Facility has been reduced from $15,000 to $7,000 with this amendment, and further, JPM Chase's then current Revolving Commitment under the Facility is now secured by cash held by the Company in a separate restricted use designated JPM Chase deposit account. The amount of credit available to the Company under the Facility was $7,000 from the date of the effective date of the amended facility through May 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $6,000 from June 1, 2016 through July 31, 2016, at which time the credit available to the Company under the Facility was reduced to $5,000 and will remain as such until the Maturity Date of the Facility on June 30, 2017. The Company intends to renew the U.S. Domestic credit facility at its maturity. During the entire period of the Facility the Company must maintain sufficient cash balances in a segregated deposit account equal to the amount of the Facility and will fully pledge such cash as collateral to the bank to support the credit available to the Company under the Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $3,316 and $7,803, respectively, under the Facility in connection with contracts in process. Fuel Tech is committed to reimbursing the issuing bank for any payments made by the bank under these instruments. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no cash borrowings under the domestic revolving credit facility. The Company pays a commitment fee of 0.25% per year on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately $2,684 and $7,197 was available for future borrowings under the Facility.

On June 24, 2016, Beijing Fuel Tech Environmental Technologies Company, Ltd. (Beijing Fuel Tech), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fuel Tech, entered into a new revolving credit facility (the China Facility) agreement with JPM Chase for RMB 6.5 million (approximately $975), which expires on June 23, 2017. The Company intends to renew the China Facility at its maturity. This new credit facility replaced the previous RMB 35 million facility that expired on June 24, 2016. The facility is unsecured, bears interest at a rate of 125% of the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Base Rate, and is guaranteed by Fuel Tech. Beijing Fuel Tech can use this facility for cash advances and bank guarantees. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Beijing Fuel Tech had no cash borrowings under the China Facility.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had outstanding standby letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling approximately $179 and $57, respectively, on its Beijing Fuel Tech revolving credit facility in connection with contracts in process. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, approximately $796 and $5,335 was available for future borrowings.

In the event of default on either the domestic facility or the China facility, the cross default feature in each allows the lending bank to accelerate the payments of any amounts outstanding and may, under certain circumstances, allow the bank to cancel the facility. If the Company were unable to obtain a waiver for a breach of covenant and the bank accelerated the payment of any outstanding amounts, such acceleration may cause the Company’s cash position to deteriorate or, if cash on hand were insufficient to satisfy the payment due, may require the Company to obtain alternate financing to satisfy the accelerated payment.

Interest payments in the amount of $0 and $30 were made during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and $0 for the three-month periods then ended.

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data

Business Segment Financial Data

We segregate our financial results into three reportable segments representing three broad technology segments as follows:

• The Air Pollution Control technology segment includes technologies to reduce NO_x emissions in flue gas from boilers, incinerators, furnaces and other stationary combustion sources. These include Low and Ultra Low NO_x Burners (LNB and ULNB), Over-Fire Air (OFA) systems, NO_xOUT^® and HERT™ Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) systems, and Advanced Selective Catalytic Reduction (ASCR^™) systems. Our ASCR systems include ULNB, OFA, and SNCR components, along with a downsized SCR catalyst, Ammonia Injection Grid (AIG), and Graduated Straightening Grid GSG™ systems to provide high NO_x reductions at significantly lower capital and operating costs than conventional SCR systems. The NO_xOUT CASCADE^® and NO_xOUT-SCR^® processes are more basic, using just SNCR and SCR catalyst components. ULTRA™ technology creates ammonia at a plant site using safe urea for use with any SCR application. Flue Gas Conditioning systems are chemical injection systems offered in markets outside the U.S. and Canada to enhance electrostatic precipitator and fabric filter performance in controlling particulate emissions.

• The FUEL CHEM^® technology segment, which uses chemical processes in combination with advanced CFD and CKM boiler modeling, for the control of slagging, fouling, corrosion, opacity and other sulfur trioxide-related issues in furnaces and boilers through the addition of chemicals into the furnace using TIFI^® Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ technology.

• The Fuel Conversion segment represents a new business initiative we commenced in 2014. We acquired intellectual property rights and know-how related to the CARBONITE® fuel conversion process and technology. This process can convert coals of various grades into value-added products that are high in energy content, carbon-rich and less pollutive. This technology has a number of potential applications including certain coal replacement, electric arc furnace (EAF) reductant, ferro-alloy feedstock, absorbent and Hg reduced carbon stock. During 2015 and 2016, we have been testing and developing the engineered carbon products for specific markets. We are in the process of evaluating the commercialization of these product offerings with prospective customers and considering alternatives. We have earned no significant revenue other than for test products from perspective customers for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The “Other” classification includes those profit and loss items not allocated to either reportable segment. There are no inter-segment sales that require elimination.

We evaluate performance and allocates resources based on reviewing gross margin by reportable segment. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (Note 1 in our annual report on Form 10-K). We do not review assets by reportable segment, but rather, in aggregate for the Company as a whole.

Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin are provided below:

Three months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	6,042		$	6,554		$	—		$	—		$	12,596
Cost of sales	(4,233		)	(3,048		)	—			—			(7,281		)
Gross margin	1,809			3,506			—			—			5,315
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(5,789		)	(5,789		)
Restructuring charge	(373		)	(735		)	—			—			(1,108		)
Research and development	—			—			(630		)	(672		)	(1,302		)
Operating income (loss)	$	1,436		$	2,771		$	(630	)	$	(6,461	)	$	(2,884	)

Three months ended September 30, 2015	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	13,078		$	8,599		$	—		$	—		$	21,677
Cost of sales	(10,021		)	(3,808		)	—			—			(13,829		)
Gross margin	3,057			4,791			—			—			7,848
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(7,122		)	(7,122		)
Restructuring charge	—			—			—			—			—
Research and development	—			—			(1,111		)	(410		)	(1,521		)
Operating income (loss)	$	3,057		$	4,791		$	(1,111	)	$	(7,532	)	$	(795	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	29,063		$	16,530		$	—		$	—		$	45,593
Cost of sales	(20,704		)	(7,946		)	—			—			(28,650		)
Gross margin	8,359			8,584			—			—			16,943
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(19,711		)	(19,711		)
Restructuring charge	(537		)	(888		)	—			—			(1,425		)
Research and development	—			—			(2,144		)	(1,438		)	(3,582		)
Operating income (loss)	$	7,822		$	7,696		$	(2,144	)	$	(21,149	)	$	(7,775	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2015	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	31,022		$	24,441		$	—		$	—		$	55,463
Cost of sales	(22,111		)	(11,702		)	—			—			(33,813		)
Gross margin	8,911			12,739			—			—			21,650
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(23,490		)	(23,490		)
Restructuring charge	(179		)	(56		)	—			—			(235		)
Research and development	—			—			(2,212		)	(1,163		)	(3,375		)
Operating income (loss)	$	8,732		$	12,683		$	(2,212	)	$	(24,653	)	$	(5,450	)

Geographic Segment Financial Data

Information concerning our operations by geographic area is provided below. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer. Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Revenues:
United States	$	9,838	$	13,665	$	36,523	$	38,141
Foreign	2,758		8,012		9,070		17,322
	$	12,596	$	21,677	$	45,593	$	55,463

	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Assets:
United States	$	42,938	$	47,437
Foreign	21,893		28,574
	$	64,831	$	76,011

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies

Contingencies

Fuel Tech is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers compensation, general liability (including product liability), and lawsuits. The Company records liabilities where a contingent loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range, the Company records the most probable estimate of the loss or the minimum amount when no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount. The Company discloses a contingent liability even if the liability is not probable or the amount is not estimable, or both, if there is a reasonable possibility that a material loss may have been incurred.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company received a notice from a contractor that performed installation work on one of the Company's APC projects regarding $3.9 million in purported expenses beyond the contractually agreed cap on expenses. We believe that the claims alleged with regards to the additional expenses are without merit, and we intend to vigorously defend against them. The Company did not accrue an amount as of September 30, 2016 related to the alleged claims. As of September 30, 2016, the Company initiated the process, as required by the Company's contract with the subcontractor, to submit the dispute into mediation. If the parties are not able to agree upon terms within the mediation phase, the Company would seek resolution to the matter in court. A future adverse ruling or settlement could result in charges that could have a material adverse effect on the company's consolidated balance sheet, results of operations or cash flows in the period in which they are recorded.

Fuel Tech issues a standard product warranty with the sale of its products to customers. Our recognition of warranty liability is based primarily on analyses of warranty claims experienced in the preceding years as the nature of our historical product sales for which we offer a warranty are substantially unchanged. This approach provides an aggregate warranty accrual that is historically aligned with actual warranty claims experienced.

Changes in the warranty liability for the nine months September 30, 2016 and 2015, are summarized below:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of period	$	268		$	268
Net aggregate expense (benefit) related to product warranties	(109		)	8
Aggregate reductions for payments	—			(8		)
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of period	$	159		$	268

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate is 2% and 42% for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 34% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on our United States deferred tax assets since we cannot anticipate when or if we will have sufficient taxable income to utilize the deferred tax assets in the future. Further, our effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal tax rate due to state taxes, differences between U.S. and foreign tax rates, foreign losses incurred with no related tax benefit, non-deductible commissions, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Fuel Tech had unrecognized tax benefits of $37 and $140 as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 respectively, all of which, if ultimately recognized, will reduce Fuel Tech's annual effective tax rate.  

Effective beginning April 1, 2016, Fuel Tech prospectively adopted ASU 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes" and as a result classified all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current.

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Goodwill and Other Intangibles

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. Fuel Tech has two reporting units for goodwill evaluation purposes: the FUEL CHEM^® technology segment and the APC technology segment. There is no goodwill associated with our APC or Fuel Conversion segments.  At both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our entire goodwill balance of $2,116 was allocated to the FUEL CHEM^® technology segment.

Goodwill is allocated to each of our reporting units after considering the nature of the net assets giving rise to the goodwill and how each reporting unit would enjoy the benefits and synergies of the net assets acquired. There were no indications of goodwill impairment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

Fuel Tech reviews other intangible assets, which include customer lists and relationships, covenants not to compete, patent assets, tradenames, and acquired technologies, for impairment on a recurring basis or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that impairment indicators exist, a further analysis is performed and if the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value is recorded. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates of future cash flows are made, however, the actual cash values that could be realized may differ from those that are estimated. There were no indications of intangible asset impairment in the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

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General (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the statements for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Fuel Tech’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition Policy

Revenues from the sales of chemical products are recorded when title transfers, either at the point of shipment or at the point of destination, depending on the contract with the customer.

Fuel Tech uses the percentage of completion method of accounting for equipment construction and license contracts that are sold within the Air Pollution Control technology segment. Under the percentage of completion method, revenues are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual construction costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Construction costs include all direct costs such as materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, and indirect costs allocable to the particular contract such as indirect labor, tools and equipment, and supplies. Revisions in completion estimates and contract values are made in the period in which the facts giving rise to the revisions become known and can influence the timing of when revenues are recognized under the percentage of completion method of accounting. Such revisions have historically not had a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized. The completed contract method is used for certain contracts that are not long-term in nature or when reasonably dependable estimates of the percentage of completion cannot be made. When the completed contract method is used, revenue and costs are deferred until the contract is substantially complete, which usually occurs upon customer acceptance of the installed product. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.

A typical contract will have three or four critical operational measurements that, when achieved, serve as the basis for us to invoice the customer via progress billings. At a minimum, these measurements will include the generation of engineering drawings, the shipment of equipment and the completion of a system performance test.

As part of most of its contractual APC project agreements, Fuel Tech will agree to customer-specific acceptance criteria that relate to the operational performance of the system that is being sold. These criteria are determined based on mathematical modeling that is performed by Fuel Tech personnel, which is based on operational inputs that are provided by the customer. The customer will warrant that these operational inputs are accurate as they are specified in the binding contractual agreement. Further, the customer is solely responsible for the accuracy of the operating condition information; typically all performance guarantees and equipment warranties granted by us are voidable if the operating condition information is inaccurate or is not met.

Accounts receivable includes unbilled receivables, representing revenues recognized in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts under the percentage of completion method of accounting.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The amendments in this Update require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. Current accounting principles require an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17 prospectively for the interim period beginning in the second quarter of 2016; thus, the prior reporting period was not retrospectively adjusted. See Note 11, Income Taxes, for further discussion.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). This new accounting guidance on revenue recognition provides for a single five-step model to be applied to all revenue contracts with customers. The new standard also requires additional financial statement disclosures that will enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows relating to customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral to January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date. The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This new accounting guidance more clearly articulates the requirements for the measurement and disclosure of inventory. Topic 330, Inventory, currently requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. This new accounting guidance requires the measurement of inventory at lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance in not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this Update increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the standard.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments in this Update simplify the income tax effects, minimum statutory tax withholding requirements and impact of forfeitures related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our financial statements and have not yet selected a transition approach to implement the statement.

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Restructuring Activities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Reconciliation of restructuring accrual

The following is a reconciliation of the accrual for the workforce reduction that is included within the "Accrued Liabilities" line of the consolidated balance sheets for the three- and nine-months ending September 30, 2016 and 2015:

	Three Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at June 30,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,108			—
Amounts paid	(616		)	—
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

	Nine Months Ended
	2016			2015
Restructuring liability at January 1,	$	—		$	—
Amounts expensed	1,425			235
Amounts paid	(933		)	(235		)
Restructuring liability at September 30,	$	492		$	—

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Foreign currency translation
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,250	)	$	(535	)	$	(1,568	)	$	(471	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	57			(642		)	375			(706		)
Balance at end of period	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)	$	(1,193	)	$	(1,177	)
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Balance at beginning of period	$	4		$	23		$	12		$	23
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain (2)	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Deferred income taxes (2)	—			—			—			—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	4			(3		)	(4		)	(3		)
Balance at end of period	$	8		$	20		$	8		$	20
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)	$	(1,185	)	$	(1,157	)

(1) In all periods presented, there were no tax impacts related to rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

(2) In all periods presented, there were no realized holding gains or losses and therefore no amounts were reclassified to earnings.

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table sets forth the weighted-average shares used in calculating the earnings per share for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,		Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016	2015	2016	2015
Basic weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000
Conversion of unsecured loan notes	—	—	—	—
Unexercised options and unvested RSUs	—	—	—	—
Diluted weighted-average shares	23,446,000	23,167,000	23,337,000	23,079,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs

The components of stock-based compensation for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended   September 30,					Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015			2016		2015
Stock options and restricted stock units	$	479	$	487		$	1,520	$	1,320
Tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense	—		(188		)	—		(508		)
After-tax effect of stock-based compensation	$	479	$	299		$	1,520	$	812

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

Stock option activity for Fuel Tech’s Incentive Plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was as follows:

	Number of Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding on January 1, 2016	1,191,125		$	10.48
Granted	81,000		1.58
Exercised	—		—
Expired or forfeited	(200,375	)	16.39
Outstanding on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—
Exercisable on September 30, 2016	1,071,750		$	8.70	4.69	$	—

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is as follows:

	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested restricted stock units at January 1, 2016	1,204,883		$	4.21
Granted	845,862		1.88
Forfeited	(172,949	)	4.58
Vested	(381,916	)	4.36
Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2016	1,495,880		$	2.81

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Information about reporting segment net sales and gross margin are provided below:

Three months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	6,042		$	6,554		$	—		$	—		$	12,596
Cost of sales	(4,233		)	(3,048		)	—			—			(7,281		)
Gross margin	1,809			3,506			—			—			5,315
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(5,789		)	(5,789		)
Restructuring charge	(373		)	(735		)	—			—			(1,108		)
Research and development	—			—			(630		)	(672		)	(1,302		)
Operating income (loss)	$	1,436		$	2,771		$	(630	)	$	(6,461	)	$	(2,884	)

Three months ended September 30, 2015	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	13,078		$	8,599		$	—		$	—		$	21,677
Cost of sales	(10,021		)	(3,808		)	—			—			(13,829		)
Gross margin	3,057			4,791			—			—			7,848
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(7,122		)	(7,122		)
Restructuring charge	—			—			—			—			—
Research and development	—			—			(1,111		)	(410		)	(1,521		)
Operating income (loss)	$	3,057		$	4,791		$	(1,111	)	$	(7,532	)	$	(795	)

Nine months ended September 30, 2016	Air Pollution Control Segment			FUEL CHEM Segment			Fuel Conversion Segment			Other			Total
Revenues from external customers	$	29,063		$	16,530		$	—		$	—		$	45,593
Cost of sales	(20,704		)	(7,946		)	—			—			(28,650		)
Gross margin	8,359			8,584			—			—			16,943
Selling, general and administrative	—			—			—			(19,711		)	(19,711		)
Restructuring charge	(537		)	(888		)	—			—			(1,425		)
Research and development	—			—			(2,144		)	(1,438		)	(3,582		)
Operating income (loss)	$	7,822		$	7,696		$	(2,144	)	$	(21,149	)	$	(7,775	)

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers Attributed to Foreign Countries by Geographic Area

Information concerning our operations by geographic area is provided below. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the customer. Assets are those directly associated with operations of the geographic area.

	Three Months Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Revenues:
United States	$	9,838	$	13,665	$	36,523	$	38,141
Foreign	2,758		8,012		9,070		17,322
	$	12,596	$	21,677	$	45,593	$	55,463

Schedule of Disclosure on Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets in Individual Foreign Countries by Country

	September 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
Assets:
United States	$	42,938	$	47,437
Foreign	21,893		28,574
	$	64,831	$	76,011

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Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability

Changes in the warranty liability for the nine months September 30, 2016 and 2015, are summarized below:

	Nine Months Ended   September 30,
	2016			2015
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of period	$	268		$	268
Net aggregate expense (benefit) related to product warranties	(109		)	8
Aggregate reductions for payments	—			(8		)
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of period	$	159		$	268

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Detail) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) contract measurement unit	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) contract
Decrease in Restricted Cash	$ 1,000
Number of contracts in progress that were identified as a loss contract (in contracts) | contract		2	2
Loss on contract termination		$ 3	$ 3
Unbilled receivables, current		8,042	7,312
Billings in excess of cost, current		$ 1,168	$ 1,858
Number of units with APC technology (in units) | unit		1,000
Minimum
Contract term (in months)		8 months
Critical operational measurements (in measurements) | measurement		3
Maximum
Contract term (in months)		16 months
Critical operational measurements (in measurements) | measurement		4

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Restructuring Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring liability, beginning balance	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0
Amounts expensed	1,108	$ 317	0	$ 235	1,425	235
Amounts paid	(616)		0		(933)	(235)
Restructuring liability, ending balance	$ 492		$ 0	$ 0	$ 492	$ 0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period			$ 58,974
Balance at end of period	$ 52,408		52,408
Foreign currency translation
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(1,250)	$ (535)	(1,568)	$ (471)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	57	(642)	375	(706)
Balance at end of period	(1,193)	(1,177)	(1,193)	(1,177)
Available-for-sale marketable securities
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	4	23	12	23
Other comprehensive (loss) income	4	(3)	(4)	(3)
Deferred income taxes	0	0	0	0
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	4	(3)	(4)	(3)
Balance at end of period	8	20	8	20
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance at end of period	$ (1,185)	$ (1,157)	$ (1,185)	$ (1,157)

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Treasury Stock (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Equity [Abstract]
Treasury stock (in shares)	354,889	251,792
Cost of common stock held in treasury	$ 1,214	$ 1,042

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Earnings per Share (Detail) - Basic Earnings Per Share - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic weighted-average shares (in shares)	23,446	23,167	23,337	23,079
Conversion of unsecured loan notes (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Unexercised options and unvested RSUs (in shares)	0	0	0	0
Diluted weighted-average shares (in shares)	23,446	23,167	23,337	23,079

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Earnings per Share (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	2,076	2,264

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Stock-Based Compensation (Detail) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) shares
Stock Options
Award vesting period	10 years
Award service period (in years)	4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Award vesting period	3 years
Unrecognized compensation cost | $	$ 2,345
Unrecognized compensation cost, period of recognition (in years)	1 year 255 days
Restricted Stock
Fair value of stock vested | $	$ 644
2014 Plan
Number of shares originally reserved | shares	4,400,676
Number of shares available for grant | shares	684,658
Second Anniversary of Award Date | Stock Options
Percent of options vesting	50.00%
Second Anniversary of Award Date | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Percentage of restricted stock units vesting	67.00%
Peer company review period (in years)	2 years
Second Anniversary of Award Date | Restricted Stock Units TSR
Percentage of restricted stock units vesting	67.00%
Peer company review period (in years)	2 years
Third Anniversary of Award Date | Stock Options
Percent of options vesting	25.00%
Third Anniversary of Award Date | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Percentage of restricted stock units vesting	33.00%
Third Anniversary of Award Date | Restricted Stock Units TSR
Percentage of restricted stock units vesting	33.00%
Fourth Anniversary of Award Date | Stock Options
Percent of options vesting	25.00%
Minimum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Award vesting period	2 years
Maximum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Award vesting period	4 years

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Stock-Based Compensation - Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Stock options and restricted stock units	$ 479	$ 487	$ 1,520	$ 1,320
Tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense	0	(188)	0	(508)
After-tax effect of stock-based compensation	$ 479	$ 299	$ 1,520	$ 812

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Stock-Based Compensation (Detail) - Stock Option Activity $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Options (in shares):
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	1,191,125
Granted (in shares) | shares	81,000
Exercised (in shares) | shares	0
Expired or forfeited (in shares) | shares	(200,375)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	1,071,750
Exercisable (in shares) | shares	1,071,750
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share):
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.48
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.58
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0.00
Expired or forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	16.39
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.70
Exercisable (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.70
Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	4 years 8 months 10 days
Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	4 years 8 months 10 days
Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value | $	$ 0
Exercisable, Aggregate Intrinsic Value | $	$ 0

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Stock-Based Compensation (Detail) - Restricted Stock Unit Activity - Restricted Stock	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 $ / shares shares
Shares (in shares)
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	1,204,883
Granted (in shares) | shares	845,862
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(172,949)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(381,916)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	1,495,880
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in Dollars per share)
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.21
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.88
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.58
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.36
Ending balance (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.81

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Debt Financing (Detail)		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 26, 2015 CNY (¥)	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 24, 2016 CNY (¥)	Jun. 24, 2016 USD ($)	May 31, 2016 USD ($)	May 09, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Basis spread on variable rate (as percent)		3.00%
Annual capital expenditure limit		$ 5,000,000
Domestic Line of Credit
Letters of credit, amount outstanding		$ 3,316,000							$ 7,803,000
Line of credit, commitment fee percentage		0.25%
China Facility
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity	¥ 35,000,000				¥ 6,500,000.0	$ 975,000
Line of credit, amount outstanding		$ 0
Interest paid		0	$ 30,000
Standby Letters of Credit
Letters of credit, amount outstanding		179,000							57,000
Line of credit, remaining borrowing capacity		796,000							$ 5,335,000
Amended Amount
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		15,000,000					$ 6,000,000	$ 7,000,000
Amount Available for Increase Upon Approval of Lender
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity		25,000,000
Base Rate | China Facility
Basis spread on variable rate (as percent)	125.00%
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One | Revolving Credit Facility
Minimum EBITDA		500,000
Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period Two | Revolving Credit Facility
Minimum EBITDA		1,000,000
Minimum working capital		$ 35,000
Scenario, Forecast | Subsequent Event | Amended Amount
Line of credit, maximum borrowing capacity				$ 5,000,000

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Detail) - Reporting Segment Net Sales and Gross Margin - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Revenues from external customers	$ 12,596		$ 21,677		$ 45,593	$ 55,463
Cost of sales	(7,281)		(13,829)		(28,650)	(33,813)
Gross margin	5,315		7,848		16,943	21,650
Selling, general and administrative	(5,789)		(7,122)		(19,711)	(23,490)
Restructuring charge	(1,108)	$ (317)	0	$ (235)	(1,425)	(235)
Research and development	(1,302)		(1,521)		(3,582)	(3,375)
Operating (loss)	(2,884)		(795)		(7,775)	(5,450)
Air Pollution Control Segment
Revenues from external customers	6,042		13,078		29,063	31,022
Cost of sales	(4,233)		(10,021)		(20,704)	(22,111)
Gross margin	1,809		3,057		8,359	8,911
Selling, general and administrative	0		0		0	0
Restructuring charge	(373)		0		(537)	(179)
Research and development	0		0		0	0
Operating (loss)	1,436		3,057		7,822	8,732
FUEL CHEM Segment
Revenues from external customers	6,554		8,599		16,530	24,441
Cost of sales	(3,048)		(3,808)		(7,946)	(11,702)
Gross margin	3,506		4,791		8,584	12,739
Selling, general and administrative	0		0		0	0
Restructuring charge	(735)		0		(888)	(56)
Research and development	0		0		0	0
Operating (loss)	2,771		4,791		7,696	12,683
Fuel Conversion Segment
Selling, general and administrative	0		0		0	0
Restructuring charge	0		0		0	0
Research and development	(630)		(1,111)		(2,144)	(2,212)
Operating (loss)	(630)		(1,111)		(2,144)	(2,212)
Other
Selling, general and administrative	(5,789)		(7,122)		(19,711)	(23,490)
Restructuring charge	0		0		0	0
Research and development	(672)		(410)		(1,438)	(1,163)
Operating (loss)	$ (6,461)		$ (7,532)		$ (21,149)	$ (24,653)

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Detail) - Operations by Geographic Area - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 12,596	$ 21,677	$ 45,593	$ 55,463
United States
Revenues:
Revenues	9,838	13,665	36,523	38,141
Foreign
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 2,758	$ 8,012	$ 9,070	$ 17,322

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Business Segment and Geographic Financial Data (Detail) - Assets by Geographic Area - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets
Assets	$ 64,831	$ 76,011
United States
Assets
Assets	42,938	47,437
Foreign
Assets
Assets	$ 21,893	$ 28,574

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Contingencies (Detail) - Warranty Liability - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Amount of alleged claim	$ 3,900
Change in Warranty Liability
Aggregate product warranty liability at beginning of period	268	$ 268
Net aggregate expense (benefit) related to product warranties	(109)	8
Aggregate reductions for payments	0	(8)
Aggregate product warranty liability at end of period	$ 159	$ 268

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Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	2.00%	42.00%
Federal tax rate (as a percent)	34.00%	34.00%
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 37		$ 140

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Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Detail) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2016 USD ($) reporting_unit	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Goodwill	$ 2,116	$ 2,116
FUEL CHEM And APC Technology Segments
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit	2
Fuel Chem Technology Segment
Goodwill		$ 2,116