Fair Value Disclosures - Summary of Carrying Value and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Financial assets:
Financial derivatives	$ 37,409	$ 6,081
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable	47,151	45,538
Financial liabilities:
Financial derivatives	175,326	35,554
Guarantee and commitment obligation	46,582	43,926	$ 35,535	$ 36,700
Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	861,002	908,785
Loans	9,666,710	9,814,642
Financial derivatives	37,409	6,081
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable	50,653	42,533
Financial liabilities:
Notes payable	23,591,330	22,716,791
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties	1,106,837	1,005,306
Financial derivatives	175,326	35,554
Guarantee and commitment obligation	50,083	40,920
Fair Value | Investment securities:
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	4,630,701	3,884,202
Fair Value | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	8,573,781	8,360,293
Fair Value | USDA Securities:
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	2,099,445	2,536,473
Carrying Amount
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	861,002	908,785
Loans	10,208,307	9,248,678
Financial derivatives	37,409	6,081
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable	47,151	45,538
Financial liabilities:
Notes payable	24,469,113	22,713,771
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties	1,181,948	981,379
Financial derivatives	175,326	35,554
Guarantee and commitment obligation	46,582	43,926
Carrying Amount | Investment securities:
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	4,628,268	3,882,590
Carrying Amount | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	8,628,380	8,361,798
Carrying Amount | USDA Securities:
Financial assets:
Marketable securities	$ 2,411,601	$ 2,440,732