CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 178,144	$ 136,089	$ 114,376
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net amortization of deferred gains, premiums, and discounts on loans, investments, Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities, and USDA Securities	720	17,314	8,343
Amortization of debt premiums, discounts, and issuance costs	19,656	6,780	21,319
Net change in fair value of trading securities, hedged assets, and financial derivatives	689,998	205,701	(240,545)
Gain on sale of real estate owned	0	0	(463)
Gain on the sale of available-for-sale investment securities	0	(253)	0
Gain on the sale of mortgage loans	0	(6,539)	0
Total (provision for)/release of allowance for losses	806	(2,187)	8,055
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based awards	101	292	(440)
Deferred income taxes	12,406	(1,630)	(2,826)
Stock-based compensation expense	4,624	4,311	4,128
Purchases of loans held for sale	0	0	(59,150)
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale	0	0	15,000
Proceeds from repayment of loans purchased as held for sale	33,311	46,968	59,370
Net change in:
Interest receivable	(63,777)	4,446	10,319
Guarantee and commitment fees receivable	1,043	(34)	164
Other assets	(126,054)	(9,830)	(10,304)
Accrued interest payable	58,884	(9,526)	(22,732)
Custodial deposit liability	(7,666)	44,955	0
Other liabilities	7,075	(445)	839
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	809,271	436,412	(94,547)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of other investment securities	(2,443)	(1,229)	0
Purchases of loans held for investment	(2,592,924)	(2,916,493)	(3,043,392)
Purchases of defaulted loans	0	(8,713)	(6,272)
Proceeds from repayment of loans purchased as held for investment	1,321,989	1,889,408	1,715,663
Proceeds from sale of loans previously classified as held for investment	9,000	301,393	0
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investment securities	0	257,524	0
Proceeds from sale of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities	99,643	0	41,248
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned	0	0	4,169
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,042,959)	(1,096,196)	(1,736,091)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of discount notes	52,470,273	61,112,365	68,548,733
Proceeds from issuance of medium-term notes	9,031,116	11,173,147	13,509,754
Proceeds from third parties from issuance of debt securities of consolidated trusts	258,198	0	0
Payments to redeem discount notes	(54,085,418)	(60,743,066)	(68,960,492)
Payments to redeem medium-term notes	(5,192,159)	(10,586,370)	(10,414,765)
Payments to third parties on debt securities of consolidated trusts	(226,291)	(480,272)	(504,807)
Proceeds from common stock issuance	192	117	56
Retirement of preferred stock	0	0	(60,000)
Proceeds from preferred stock issuance, net of stock issuance costs	0	121,327	193,163
Tax payments related to share-based awards	(1,835)	(1,305)	(560)
Purchases of common stock	0	0	235
Dividends paid on common and preferred stock	(68,171)	(61,315)	(50,649)
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,185,905	534,628	2,260,198
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(47,783)	(125,156)	429,560
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	908,785	1,033,941	604,381
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	861,002	908,785	1,033,941
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	269,327	198,593	283,335
Income taxes	33,800	36,300	30,000
Non-cash activity:
Loans securitized as Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities	162,875	113,175	165,054
Loans held for investment transferred to consolidated trusts	297,713	0
Reclassification of defaulted loans from loans held for investment in consolidated trusts to loans held for investment	3,977	24,690	47,036
Reclassification of loans held for sale to loans held for investment	0	0	44,150
Reclassification of loans held for investment to loans held for sale	0	301,551	0
Net assets obtained in securitization	0	15,369	0
Matured securities receivable	97,500	0
(Recovery)/charge-off from the allowance for losses	84	(1,054)	5,759
Available-for-sale securities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities	(2,472,056)	(2,004,911)	(2,852,658)
Proceeds from repayment of securities	1,440,201	1,740,000	1,961,895
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities	(5,275,733)	(4,380,901)	(2,074,701)
Proceeds from repayment of securities	$ 4,429,364	$ 4,027,726	$ 2,517,957