Guarantees and Commitments - Unpaid Principal Balances by Delinquency Status (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	$ 9,011,820	$ 8,314,096
Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,714,184	3,521,593
Current
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	10,459,282	9,104,206
Current | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,698,131	3,509,928
Total Past Due
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	11,598	5,116
Total Past Due | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	16,053	11,665
30-59 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	10,066	4,548
30-59 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	11,614	8,068
60-89 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	392	568
60-89 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	622	0
90 Days and Greater
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	1,140	0
90 Days and Greater | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,817	3,597
Agricultural Finance | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,190,992	2,964,756
Agricultural Finance | Current
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	7,438,016	6,715,070
Agricultural Finance | Current | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,174,939	2,953,091
Agricultural Finance | Total Past Due
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	11,598	5,116
Agricultural Finance | Total Past Due | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	16,053	11,665
Agricultural Finance | 30-59 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	10,066	4,548
Agricultural Finance | 30-59 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	11,614	8,068
Agricultural Finance | 60-89 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	392	568
Agricultural Finance | 60-89 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	622	0
Agricultural Finance | 90 Days and Greater
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	1,140	0
Agricultural Finance | 90 Days and Greater | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments and Guaranteed Securities
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,817	3,597
Rural Infrastructure Finance
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,021,266	2,389,136
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	523,192	556,837
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Current
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	3,021,266	2,389,136
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Current | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	523,192	556,837
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Total Past Due
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | Total Past Due | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 30-59 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 30-59 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 60-89 Days
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 60-89 Days | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 90 Days and Greater
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	0	0
Rural Infrastructure Finance | 90 Days and Greater | Long-Term Standby Purchase Commitments
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Total	$ 0	$ 0