N-CSR

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-CSR

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Investment Company Act file number: (811-05740)

Exact name of registrant as specified in charter: Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust

Address of principal executive offices: One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109

Name and address of agent for service: Robert T Burns, Vice President
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109

Copy to:         Bryan Chegwidden, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 292-1000

Date of fiscal year end: October 31, 2014

Date of reporting period: November 1, 2013 – October 31, 2014

Item 1. Report to Stockholders:

The following is a copy of the report transmitted to stockholders pursuant to Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940:

Putnam
Managed Municipal
Income Trust

Annual report
10 | 31 | 14

Message from the Trustees	1
About the fund	2
Performance snapshot	4
Interview with your fund’s portfolio manager	5
Your fund’s performance	12
Terms and definitions	14
Other information for shareholders	15
Important notice regarding Putnam’s privacy policy	16
Summary of dividend reinvestment plan	17
Trustee approval of management contract	19
Financial statements	24
Federal tax information	55
Shareholder meeting results	56
About the Trustees	58
Officers	60

Consider these risks before investing: Lower-rated bonds may offer higher yields in return for more risk. Bond investments are subject to interest-rate risk (the risk of bond prices falling if interest rates rise) and credit risk (the risk of an issuer defaulting on interest or principal payments). Interest-rate risk is greater for longer-term bonds, and credit risk is greater for below-investment-grade bonds. Unlike bonds, funds that invest in bonds have fees and expenses. The value of bonds in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general financial market conditions , changing market perceptions of the risk of default, changes in government intervention, and factors related to a specific issuer or industry. These factors may also lead to periods of high volatility and reduced liquidity in the bond markets. You can lose money by investing in the fund. The fund’s shares trade on a stock exchange at market prices, which may be lower than the fund’s net asset value.

Message from the Trustees

Dear Fellow Shareholder:

The U.S. economic recovery has been steadily gaining momentum all year, thanks to positive developments in the key areas of employment, corporate earnings, consumer spending, and energy costs. With the U.S. midterm elections behind us, major stock market indexes achieved record highs in early November.

In October, the nation’s unemployment rate dropped to the lowest level since July 2008. Moreover, third-quarter earnings left investors feeling more confident about equity values and the overall health of corporations. For fixed-income markets, the outlook is more muted. The U.S. Federal Reserve ended its record bond-buying stimulus program in October, and appears to be on track to raise short-term interest rates in mid-2015.

While hardly booming, the U.S. economy has nevertheless emerged as a pillar of strength in the global economy. Meanwhile, the rest of the world may need to do more to nurture growth. Central banks in Europe, Japan, and China have recently augmented their stimulus policies, intending to shore up faltering recoveries. While risks have emerged, it is important to note that markets encountering adversity can still harbor investment potential.

As we head into the new year, it may be an appropriate time for you to meet with your financial advisor to ensure that your portfolio is properly diversified and aligned with your objectives and risk tolerance. Putnam offers a wide range of strategies for all environments, as well as new ways of thinking about building portfolios for today’s markets.

As always, thank you for investing with Putnam.

Respectfully yours,

Robert L. Reynolds
President and Chief Executive Officer
Putnam Investments

Jameson A. Baxter
Chair, Board of Trustees

December 12, 2014

Performance
snapshot

Annualized total return (%) comparison as of 10/31/14

Data are historical. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return and net asset value will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. Fund returns in the bar chart are at NAV. See pages 5 and 12–13 for additional performance information, including fund returns at market price. Index and Lipper results should be compared with fund performance at NAV. Fund results reflect the use of leverage, while index results are unleveraged and Lipper results reflect varying use of, and methods for, leverage. Lipper calculates performance differently than the closed-end funds it ranks, due to varying methods for determining a fund’s monthly reinvestment NAV.

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Interview with your fund’s portfolio manager

Paul Drury, CFA

What was the market environment like for municipal bonds during the 12 months ended October 31, 2014?

Against a backdrop of low interest rates and moderate economic growth, municipal bonds performed well for the reporting period. The rally in municipal bonds, however, came on the heels of a challenging start in November and December 2013, when questions about future Federal Reserve monetary policy and isolated credit situations — most notably Detroit’s bankruptcy and Puerto Rico’s credit challenges — distracted investors from the stable underlying fundamentals of this asset class.

Municipal bonds began their rally during the first quarter of 2014, as lower rates and a supply/demand imbalance helped to drive their prices higher. During the spring, the European Central Bank took unprecedented steps to reinvigorate the eurozone economy. Meanwhile, the Fed continued to scale back its stimulative bond-buying program while affirming its commitment to low interest rates. Investors also seemed reassured that Fed Chair Janet Yellen could keep inflation in check without having to increase the central bank’s benchmark interest rate during this transitional phase. Thus began a period of declining U.S. interest rates despite improving economic data.

In the final months of the period, the macroeconomic backdrop caused yields to move lower, as geopolitical tensions in Ukraine, Iraq, and Gaza fed a flight-to-safety

Broad market index and fund performance

This comparison shows your fund’s performance in the context of broad market indexes for the 12 months ended 10/31/14. See pages 4 and 12–13 for additional fund performance information. Index descriptions can be found on page 14.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     5

bid for fixed-income securities. Investor anxiety also rose in response to the Scottish independence vote, the possibility of heftier European sanctions against Russia, and weak growth in China. And while the U.S. economy was perceived as being fairly stable and interest rates were expected to remain low, investors became more cautious about the potential impact of the Fed raising interest rates in 2015. By October, changing views on global economic growth and central bank policy generated high volatility in the U.S. stock market. However, in a memorable turnaround late in the month, U.S. stocks more than recouped their losses, helped in part by the Bank of Japan’s decision to increase its bond and asset purchases to stimulate growth in Japan and the Fed’s announcement to end its own bond-buying program.

How did Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust perform against this backdrop?

For much of the reporting period, the macroeconomic backdrop and easy-money policies from central banks around the globe helped to keep interest rates low and to drive municipal bond prices higher. Furthermore, technical factors also lent price support to municipal bonds, as strong investor demand continued to surpass supply. For the 12 months ended October 31, 2014, the fund strongly outperformed its benchmark, the Barclays Municipal Bond Index, at net asset value, but lagged the average return of its Lipper peer group.

Credit quality overview

Credit qualities are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets (common and preferred shares) as of 10/31/14. A bond rated Baa or higher (MIG3/VMIG3 or higher, for short-term debt) is considered investment grade. The chart reflects Moody’s ratings; percentages may include bonds or derivatives not rated by Moody’s but rated by Standard & Poor’s (S&P) or, if unrated by S&P, by Fitch ratings, and then included in the closest equivalent Moody’s rating based on analysis of these agencies’ respective ratings criteria. Moody’s ratings are used in recognition of its prominence among rating agencies and breadth of coverage of rated securities. Ratings may vary over time.

Cash and net other assets, if any, represent the market value weights of cash, derivatives, short-term securities, and other unclassified assets in the portfolio. The fund itself has not been rated by an independent rating agency.

6     Managed Municipal Income Trust

“Against a backdrop of low interest
rates and moderate economic growth,
municipal bonds performed well.”

Paul Drury

The fund reduced its distribution rate during the period. What led to that decision?

The fund’s monthly distribution rate was lowered in July to $0.0363 from $0.0389. The rally in the municipal bond market in early 2014 limited investment opportunities, in our view, while strong cash flows into high-yield municipal bond funds created greater demand — and higher prices — for higher-yielding tax-free bonds as those inflows were invested. This confluence of events created a challenging environment for us to find attractively valued, higher-yielding investment opportunities that met our investment criteria. Accordingly, the fund’s monthly dividend was adjusted to reflect the yields resulting from this market dynamic.

While the gap is closing, the supply of new municipal bond issuance remains lower than demand year over year. What is contributing to this trend?

On a year-over-year basis through October 2014, long-term municipal bond issuance is down about 6% from its level for the same period in 2013 [Source: Bond Buyer]. The declining volume of new long-term municipal bonds coming to market is due in part to state and local governments undertaking fewer projects while turning their fiscal attention

Portfolio allocation by state

Top 10 state allocations are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets (common and preferred shares) as of 10/31/14. Investments in Puerto Rico represented 0.6% of the fund’s net assets. Summary information may differ from the portfolio schedule included in the financial statements due to the differing treatment of interest accruals, the floating rate portion of tender option bonds, derivative securities, if any, and the use of different classifications of securities for presentation purposes. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     7

toward funding employee pensions and other fixed costs in their budgets.

This more modest level of supply has not kept pace with the solid demand from traditional tax-sensitive retail investors. In addition, crossover buyers and hedge fund investors appear to have also been drawn to the competitive yields and attractive relative value offered by this asset class rather than by its tax benefit. Consequently, while the municipal market was plagued by mutual fund outflows in 2013, we have seen positive inflows to tax-free mutual funds thus far in 2014. Tax-free high-yield and intermediate-term bond funds have been primary beneficiaries of this strong demand. With interest rates still low and fundamental credit quality having stabilized, there has been greater investor appetite for yields offered by the relatively riskier municipal bonds further out on the maturity spectrum as well as for those in the lower-rated, higher-yielding sectors.

Some isolated credit situations continue to make headlines, but would you say that the creditworthiness of the municipal bond market remains strong?

Overall, the fundamental credit outlook for municipal bonds remains solid, in our opinion. For calendar year 2013, bankruptcy filings represented 0.07% of the $3.6 trillion municipal bond market — well below the long-term average of 7.55% for global corporate bonds, according to Moody’s [U.S. Municipal Bond Defaults and Recoveries,

Comparison of top sector weightings

This chart shows how the fund’s top weightings have changed over the past six months. Allocations are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets (common and preferred shares). Current period summary information may differ from the information in the portfolio schedule notes included in the financial statements due to the inclusion of derivative securities, any interest accruals, and the use of different classifications of securities for presentation purposes. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.

8     Managed Municipal Income Trust

1970–2013 (May 2014)]. The default rate has remained low in 2014 to date, and we don’t believe defaults will increase meaningfully in the near future. Of course, there are outliers, such as Detroit and Puerto Rico, that have garnered much media attention, but for the most part, these are isolated credit situations, in our view.

How was the fund positioned during the reporting period?

We maintained our defensive bias in the portfolio because we believed that the municipal bond market’s attractive returns thus far in 2014 could be attributed primarily to a combination of lower rates and strong market technicals. We kept the fund’s duration positioning, or interest-rate sensitivity, below that of its Lipper peer group. This included maintaining a slightly higher cash position in the portfolio to help shelter it from price pressures given the risk of interest rates moving higher. We also believed carrying a slightly higher-than-average cash balance afforded the fund greater flexibility to purchase attractively valued bonds even in a rising-rate environment.

We continued to emphasize essential service revenue bonds, which are typically issued by state and local government entities to finance specific revenue-generating projects. While we believed that conditions were improving at the state and local levels, we continued to underweight local G.O. [general obligation] bonds relative to the benchmark. These securities rely on the taxing power of the issuer and the health of the local economy to make payments.

Relative to the benchmark, the fund retained an overweight exposure to municipal bonds rated A and Baa. In terms of sectors, we favored transportation, higher education, essential service utilities, industrial, and continuing-care retirement community bonds in the portfolio relative to the fund’s Lipper peer group. Overall, this credit

ABOUT LEVERAGE

How does the fund use leverage, and why?

Leverage generally involves borrowing funds or raising additional capital (e.g., by issuing debt securities or preferred stock) and investing the proceeds with the expectation of producing a return that exceeds the cost of borrowing or of the additional capital. Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds, such as your fund, are permitted to engage in leverage by raising additional capital. Preferred share leverage is your fund’s primary source of leverage. We also use tender option bonds as a supplemental source of leverage. Importantly, the purpose of leverage is to seek to enhance returns for the fund’s common shareholders. Leverage generally offers opportunities for increased investment yield and also amplifies common shareholders’ exposure to the effects of gains and losses in the fund’s investment portfolio.

Are there risks associated with the use of leverage?

We believe common shareholders generally have been well served by the fund’s use of leverage in recent years. However, the use of leverage presents certain risks for common shareholders. Because, as noted previously, leverage amplifies gains and losses, the net asset value of the common shares and the returns earned by common shareholders are generally more volatile in a leveraged fund than in a fund that does not use leverage. In addition, if the borrowing costs (which are typically based on short-term interest rates) associated with leverage rise, the costs of leverage will increase, most likely reducing the returns earned by common shareholders. We consider these risks and may adjust the fund’s investment exposures, taking into account leverage and other factors, as appropriate under market conditions.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     9

positioning contributed positively to performance. Our shorter-duration interest-rate positioning was one of the largest detractors for relative performance versus our peers, as interest rates moved lower during the period. Underweight exposures to Puerto Rico bonds also dampened results as compared to the fund’s Lipper peer group. However, we plan to maintain our underweight exposure to issuers in the Commonwealth given our negative credit outlook for Puerto Rico. Finally, our underweight to non-rated bonds versus our Lipper peers was a headwind for performance, as demand for high-yield municipal bonds helped push prices higher.

What factors are likely to influence the performance of municipal bonds in the coming months?

While the impact of the November midterm elections and the potential for tax reform will be on the minds of investors, we believe the most significant driver of municipal bond returns in the coming months will be the Fed’s interest-rate policy. The central bank’s decision to begin increasing its benchmark federal funds rate from near zero is expected to depend on the pace of the U.S. recovery and further improvement in the labor market. Most observers anticipate that the Fed will begin raising interest rates sometime in mid-2015. Thus, we believe future performance of municipal bonds will be highly influenced by movements in U.S. Treasuries.

It has become more challenging to find attractively valued municipal bonds given the run-up in prices thus far in 2014. We see our fundamental credit research as key to finding relative value in the municipal market and providing income and return potential going forward.

Thank you, Paul, for your time and insights today.

The views expressed in this report are exclusively those of Putnam Management and are subject to change. They are not meant as investment advice.

Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future. Current and future portfolio holdings are subject to risk.

Portfolio Manager Paul M. Drury has a B.A. from Suffolk University. Paul has been in the investment industry since he joined Putnam in 1989.

In addition to Paul, your fund’s portfolio managers are Susan A. McCormack, CFA, and Thalia Meehan, CFA.

10     Managed Municipal Income Trust

IN THE NEWS

Republicans claimed victory over Democrats in the midterm elections, shifting the balance of power in Congress and reigniting the debate for fundamental tax reform. According to the Congressional Budget Office, federal tax revenues are forecasted to increase by 49% to $4.85 trillion over the next decade. While both sides of the aisle have issued preliminary tax reform legislation, the need for greater bipartisan discourse and compromise is clear. Most Republicans want significant income tax breaks. U.S. Representative Dave Camp (R-Michigan), chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, drafted legislation that, in combination with higher wages due to a stronger economy, could potentially save a middle-class family of four $1,300 per year, based on calculations using data provided by the bipartisan Joint Committee on Taxation. President Obama’s fiscal 2015 $3.9 trillion budget includes a proposal that would cap the amount of tax-exempt interest for municipal bondholders earning higher incomes. While both proposals could reduce investor demand for municipal bonds, it is worth noting that similar proposals in recent years have not been enacted.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     11

Your fund’s performance

This section shows your fund’s performance, price, and distribution information for periods ended October 31, 2014, the end of its most recent fiscal year. In accordance with regulatory requirements for mutual funds, we also include performance information as of the most recent calendar quarter-end. Performance should always be considered in light of a fund’s investment strategy. Data represent past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return, net asset value, and market price will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares.

Fund performance Total return and comparative index results for periods ended 10/31/14

	NAV	Market price	Barclays Municipal Bond Index	Lipper High Yield Municipal Debt Funds (closed-end) category average*
Annual average
(life of fund)	6.67%	6.01%	6.28%	5.94%
10 years	78.05	86.42	58.39	87.71
Annual average	5.94	6.43	4.71	6.47
5 years	53.13	51.74	29.22	59.52
Annual average	8.90	8.70	5.26	9.76
3 years	29.00	15.33	15.53	33.02
Annual average	8.86	4.87	4.93	9.95
1 year	14.85	14.18	7.82	15.00

Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes.

Index and Lipper results should be compared with fund performance at net asset value. Fund results reflect the use of leverage, while index results are unleveraged and Lipper results reflect varying use of, and methods for, leverage. Lipper calculates performance differently than the closed-end funds it ranks, due to varying methods for determining a fund’s monthly reinvestment NAV.

*Over the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, and life-of-fund periods ended 10/31/14, there were 11, 11, 11, 11, and 6 funds respectively, in this Lipper category.

12     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Fund price and distribution information For the 12-month period ended 10/31/14

Distributions — common shares
Number	12
Income 1	$0.4564
Capital gains 2	—
Total	$0.4564
Distributions — preferred shares	Series A (245 shares)	Series C (1,980 shares)
Income 1	$108.11	$53.19
Capital gains 2	—	—
Total	$108.11	$53.19
Share value — common shares	NAV	Market price
10/31/13	$7.34	$6.70
10/31/14	7.94	7.17
Current rate (end of period)
Current dividend rate 3	5.49%	6.08%
Taxable equivalent 4	9.70	10.74

The classification of distributions, if any, is an estimate. Final distribution information will appear on your year-end tax forms.

¹ For some investors, investment income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Income from federally exempt funds may be subject to state and local taxes.

² Capital gains, if any, are taxable for federal and, in most cases, state purposes.

³ Most recent distribution, including any return of capital and excluding capital gains, annualized and divided by NAV or market price at end of period.

⁴ Assumes maximum 43.40% federal tax rate for 2014. Results for investors subject to lower tax rates would not be as advantageous.

Fund performance as of most recent calendar quarter Total return for periods ended 9/30/14

	NAV	Market price
Annual average
(life of fund)	6.65%	5.96%
10 years	77.67	84.46
Annual average	5.92	6.31
5 years	48.60	44.71
Annual average	8.24	7.67
3 years	27.52	14.90
Annual average	8.44	4.74
1 year	14.38	10.52

See the discussion following the fund performance table on page 12 for information about the calculation of fund performance.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     13

Terms and definitions

Important terms

Total return shows how the value of the fund’s shares changed over time, assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all distributions in the fund.

Net asset value (NAV) is the value of all your fund’s assets, minus any liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares.

Market price is the current trading price of one share of the fund. Market prices are set by transactions between buyers and sellers on exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange.

Fixed-income terms

Current rate is the annual rate of return earned from dividends or interest of an investment. Current rate is expressed as a percentage of the price of a security, fund share, or principal investment.

Yield curve is a graph that plots the yields of bonds with equal credit quality against their differing maturity dates, ranging from shortest to longest. It is used as a benchmark for other debt, such as mortgage or bank lending rates.

Comparative indexes

Barclays Municipal Bond Index is an unmanaged index of long-term fixed-rate investment-grade tax-exempt bonds.

Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index of U.S. investment-grade fixed-income securities.

BofA Merrill Lynch U.S. 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace.

S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stock performance.

Indexes assume reinvestment of all distributions and do not account for fees. Securities and performance of a fund and an index will differ. You cannot invest directly in an index.

Lipper is a third-party industry-ranking entity that ranks mutual funds. Its rankings do not reflect sales charges. Lipper rankings are based on total return at net asset value relative to other funds that have similar current investment styles or objectives as determined by Lipper. Lipper may change a fund’s category assignment at its discretion. Lipper category averages reflect performance trends for funds within a category.

14     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Other information for shareholders

Important notice regarding share repurchase program

In September 2014, the Trustees of your fund approved the renewal of a share repurchase program that had been in effect since 2005. This renewal allows your fund to repurchase, in the 12 months beginning October 8, 2014, up to 10% of the fund’s common shares outstanding as of October 7, 2014.

Important notice regarding delivery of shareholder documents

In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, Putnam sends a single copy of annual and semiannual shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxy statements to Putnam shareholders who share the same address, unless a shareholder requests otherwise. If you prefer to receive your own copy of these documents, please call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581, and Putnam will begin sending individual copies within 30 days.

Proxy voting

Putnam is committed to managing our mutual funds in the best interests of our shareholders. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2014, are available in the Individual Investors section of putnam.com, and on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures at no charge by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

Fund portfolio holdings

The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Form N-Q on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, the fund’s Form N-Q may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the Public Reference Room.

Trustee and employee fund ownership

Putnam employees and members of the Board of Trustees place their faith, confidence, and, most importantly, investment dollars in Putnam mutual funds. As of October 31, 2014, Putnam employees had approximately $494,000,000 and the Trustees had approximately $139,000,000 invested in Putnam mutual funds. These amounts include investments by the Trustees’ and employees’ immediate family members as well as investments through retirement and deferred compensation plans.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     15

Important notice regarding Putnam’s privacy policy

In order to conduct business with our shareholders, we must obtain certain personal information such as account holders’ names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and dates of birth. Using this information, we are able to maintain accurate records of accounts and transactions.

It is our policy to protect the confidentiality of our shareholder information, whether or not a shareholder currently owns shares of our funds. In particular, it is our policy not to sell information about you or your accounts to outside marketing firms. We have safeguards in place designed to prevent unauthorized access to our computer systems and procedures to protect personal information from unauthorized use.

Under certain circumstances, we must share account information with outside vendors who provide services to us, such as mailings and proxy solicitations. In these cases, the service providers enter into confidentiality agreements with us, and we provide only the information necessary to process transactions and perform other services related to your account. Finally, it is our policy to share account information with your financial representative, if you’ve listed one on your Putnam account.

16     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Summary of Putnam Closed-End Funds’ Amended and Restated
Dividend Reinvestment Plans

Putnam High Income Securities Fund, Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust, Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust, Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust and Putnam Premier Income Trust (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) each offer a dividend reinvestment plan (each, a “Plan” and collectively, the “Plans”). If you participate in a Plan, all income dividends and capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in Fund shares by the Fund’s agent, Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (the “Agent”). If you are not participating in a Plan, every month you will receive all dividends and other distributions in cash, paid by check and mailed directly to you.

Upon a purchase (or, where applicable, upon registration of transfer on the shareholder records of a Fund) of shares of a Fund by a registered shareholder, each such shareholder will be deemed to have elected to participate in that Fund’s Plan. Each such shareholder will have all distributions by a Fund automatically reinvested in additional shares, unless such shareholder elects to terminate participation in a Plan by instructing the Agent to pay future distributions in cash. Shareholders who were not participants in a Plan as of January 31, 2010, will continue to receive distributions in cash but may enroll in a Plan at any time by contacting the Agent.

If you participate in a Fund’s Plan, the Agent will automatically reinvest subsequent distributions, and the Agent will send you a confirmation in the mail telling you how many additional shares were issued to your account.

To change your enrollment status or to request additional information about the Plans, you may contact the Agent either in writing, at P.O. Box 8383, Boston, MA 02266-8383, or by telephone at 1-800-225-1581 during normal East Coast business hours.

How you acquire additional shares through a Plan If the market price per share for your Fund’s shares (plus estimated brokerage commissions) is greater than or equal to their net asset value per share on the payment date for a distribution, you will be issued shares of the Fund at a value equal to the higher of the net asset value per share on that date or 95% of the market price per share on that date.

If the market price per share for your Fund’s shares (plus estimated brokerage commissions) is less than their net asset value per share on the payment date for a distribution, the Agent will buy Fund shares for participating accounts in the open market. The Agent will aggregate open-market purchases on behalf of all participants, and the average price (including brokerage commissions) of all shares purchased by the Agent will be the price per share allocable to each participant. The Agent will generally complete these open-market purchases within five business days following the payment date. If, before the Agent has completed open-market purchases, the market price per share (plus estimated brokerage commissions) rises to exceed the net asset value per share on the payment date, then the purchase price may exceed the net asset value per share, potentially resulting in the acquisition of fewer shares than if the distribution had been paid in newly issued shares.

How to withdraw from a Plan Participants may withdraw from a Fund’s Plan at any time by notifying the Agent, either in writing or by telephone. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if notice is received by the Agent with sufficient time prior to any distribution record date; otherwise, such withdrawal will be effective with respect to any subsequent

Managed Municipal Income Trust     17

distribution following notice of withdrawal. There is no penalty for withdrawing from or not participating in a Plan.

Plan administration The Agent will credit all shares acquired for a participant under a Plan to the account in which the participant’s common shares are held. Each participant will be sent reasonably promptly a confirmation by the Agent of each acquisition made for his or her account.

About brokerage fees Each participant pays a proportionate share of any brokerage commissions incurred if the Agent purchases additional shares on the open market, in accordance with the Plans. There are no brokerage charges applied to shares issued directly by the Funds under the Plans.

About taxes and Plan amendments Reinvesting dividend and capital gain distributions in shares of the Funds does not relieve you of tax obligations, which are the same as if you had received cash distributions. The Agent supplies tax information to you and to the IRS annually. Each Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate its Plan upon 30 days’ written notice. However, the Agent may assign its rights, and delegate its duties, to a successor agent with the prior consent of a Fund and without prior notice to Plan participants.

If your shares are held in a broker or nominee name If your shares are held in the name of a broker or nominee offering a dividend reinvestment service, consult your broker or nominee to ensure that an appropriate election is made on your behalf. If the broker or nominee holding your shares does not provide a reinvestment service, you may need to register your shares in your own name in order to participate in a Plan.

In the case of record shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees that hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners of such shares, the Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified by the record shareholder as representing the total amount registered in such shareholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are to participate in the Plan.

18     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Trustee approval of management contract

General conclusions

The Board of Trustees of the Putnam funds oversees the management of each fund and, as required by law, determines annually whether to approve the continuance of your fund’s management contract with Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”) and the sub-management contract with respect to your fund between Putnam Management and its affiliate, Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”). The Board of Trustees, with the assistance of its Contract Committee, requests and evaluates all information it deems reasonably necessary under the circumstances in connection with its annual contract review. The Contract Committee consists solely of Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as this term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) of the Putnam funds (“Independent Trustees”).

At the outset of the review process, members of the Board’s independent staff and independent legal counsel met with representatives of Putnam Management to review the annual contract review materials furnished to the Contract Committee during the course of the previous year’s review and to discuss possible changes in these materials that might be necessary or desirable for the coming year. Following these discussions and in consultation with the Contract Committee, the Independent Trustees’ independent legal counsel requested that Putnam Management furnish specified information, together with any additional information that Putnam Management considered relevant, to the Contract Committee. Over the course of several months ending in June 2014, the Contract Committee met on a number of occasions with representatives of Putnam Management, and separately in executive session, to consider the information that Putnam Management provided, as well as supplemental information provided in response to additional requests made by the Contract Committee. Throughout this process, the Contract Committee was assisted by the members of the Board’s independent staff and by independent legal counsel for the Putnam funds and the Independent Trustees.

In May 2014, the Contract Committee met in executive session to discuss and consider its preliminary recommendations with respect to the continuance of the contracts. At the Trustees’ June 20, 2014 meeting, the Contract Committee met in executive session with the other Independent Trustees to review a summary of the key financial, performance and other data that the Contract Committee considered in the course of its review. The Contract Committee then presented its written report, which summarized the key factors that the Committee had considered and set forth its final recommendations. The Contract Committee then recommended, and the Independent Trustees approved, the continuance of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts, effective July 1, 2014. (Because PIL is an affiliate of Putnam Management and Putnam Management remains fully responsible for all services provided by PIL, the Trustees have not attempted to evaluate PIL as a separate entity, and all subsequent references to Putnam Management below should be deemed to include reference to PIL as necessary or appropriate in the context.)

The Independent Trustees’ approval was based on the following conclusions:

• That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented reasonable compensation in light of the nature and quality of the services being provided to the fund, the fees paid by competitive funds, and the costs incurred by Putnam Management in providing services to the fund, and

Managed Municipal Income Trust     19

• That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of such economies of scale as may exist in the management of the fund at current asset levels.

These conclusions were based on a comprehensive consideration of all information provided to the Trustees and were not the result of any single factor. Some of the factors that figured particularly in the Trustees’ deliberations and how the Trustees considered these factors are described below, although individual Trustees may have evaluated the information presented differently, giving different weights to various factors. It is also important to recognize that the management arrangements for your fund and the other Putnam funds are the result of many years of review and discussion between the Independent Trustees and Putnam Management, that some aspects of the arrangements may receive greater scrutiny in some years than others, and that the Trustees’ conclusions may be based, in part, on their consideration of fee arrangements in previous years. The Trustees also considered that the fund’s shareholders most recently approved the fund’s current fee arrangements in early 2014, when they were asked to approve new management contracts (with the same fees and substantially identical other provisions) following the possible termination of the previous management contracts as a result of the death of the Honorable Paul G. Desmarais. (Mr. Desmarais, both directly and through holding companies, controlled a majority of the voting shares of Power Corporation of Canada, which (directly and indirectly) is the majority owner of Putnam Management. Mr. Desmarais’ voting control of shares of Power Corporation of Canada was transferred to The Desmarais Family Residuary Trust upon his death and this transfer, as a technical matter, may have constituted an “assignment” within the meaning of the 1940 Act, causing the Putnam funds’ management contracts to terminate automatically.)

Management fee schedules and total expenses

The Trustees reviewed the management fee schedules in effect for all Putnam funds, including fee levels and breakpoints. The Trustees also reviewed the total expenses of each Putnam fund, recognizing that in most cases management fees represented the major, but not the sole, determinant of total costs to shareholders.

In reviewing fees and expenses, the Trustees generally focus their attention on material changes in circumstances — for example, changes in assets under management, changes in a fund’s investment style, changes in Putnam Management’s operating costs or profitability, or changes in competitive practices in the mutual fund industry — that suggest that consideration of fee changes might be warranted. The Trustees concluded that the circumstances did not warrant changes to the management fee structure of your fund.

Under its management contract, your fund has the benefit of breakpoints in its management fee schedule that provide shareholders with economies of scale in the form of reduced fee levels as the fund’s assets under management increase. The Trustees noted, however, that because your fund is a closed-end management investment company, it has relatively stable levels of assets under management and is not expected to be affected significantly by breakpoints in its management fee schedule. The Trustees concluded that the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented an appropriate sharing of economies of scale between fund shareholders and Putnam Management.

The Trustees reviewed comparative fee and expense information for a custom group of competitive funds selected by Lipper Inc. (“Lipper”). This comparative information included your fund’s percentile ranking for effective management fees and total expenses, which provides a general indication of your fund’s relative standing. In the custom peer group,

20     Managed Municipal Income Trust

your fund ranked in the first quintile in effective management fees (determined for your fund and the other funds in the custom peer group based on fund asset size and the applicable contractual management fee schedule) and in the second quintile in total expenses as of December 31, 2013 (the first quintile representing the least expensive funds and the fifth quintile the most expensive funds). The fee and expense data reported by Lipper as of December 31, 2013 reflected the most recent fiscal year-end data available in Lipper’s database at that time.

In connection with their review of the management fees and total expenses of the Putnam funds, the Trustees also reviewed the costs of the services provided and the profits realized by Putnam Management and its affiliates from their contractual relationships with the funds. This information included trends in revenues, expenses and profitability of Putnam Management and its affiliates relating to the investment management, investor servicing and distribution services provided to the funds. In this regard, the Trustees also reviewed an analysis of Putnam Management’s revenues, expenses and profitability, allocated on a fund-by-fund basis, with respect to the funds’ management, distribution, and investor servicing contracts. For each fund, the analysis presented information about revenues, expenses and profitability for each of the agreements separately and for the agreements taken together on a combined basis. The Trustees concluded that, at current asset levels, the fee schedules in place represented reasonable compensation for the services being provided and represented an appropriate sharing of such economies of scale as may exist in the management of the Putnam funds at that time.

The information examined by the Trustees as part of their annual contract review for the Putnam funds has included for many years information regarding fees charged by Putnam Management and its affiliates to institutional clients such as defined benefit pension plans, college endowments, and the like. This information included comparisons of those fees with fees charged to the Putnam funds, as well as an assessment of the differences in the services provided to these different types of clients. The Trustees observed that the differences in fee rates between institutional clients and mutual funds are by no means uniform when examined by individual asset sectors, suggesting that differences in the pricing of investment management services to these types of clients may reflect historical competitive forces operating in separate markets. The Trustees considered the fact that in many cases fee rates across different asset classes are higher on average for mutual funds than for institutional clients, as well as the differences between the services that Putnam Management provides to the Putnam funds and those that it provides to its institutional clients. The Trustees did not rely on these comparisons to any significant extent in concluding that the management fees paid by your fund are reasonable.

Investment performance

The quality of the investment process provided by Putnam Management represented a major factor in the Trustees’ evaluation of the quality of services provided by Putnam Management under your fund’s management contract. The Trustees were assisted in their review of the Putnam funds’ investment process and performance by the work of the investment oversight committees of the Trustees, which meet on a regular basis with the funds’ portfolio teams and with the Chief Investment Officer and other senior members of Putnam Management’s Investment Division throughout the year. The Trustees concluded that Putnam Management generally provides a high-quality investment process — based on the experience and skills of the individuals assigned to the management of fund portfolios, the resources made available

Managed Municipal Income Trust     21

to them, and in general Putnam Management’s ability to attract and retain high-quality personnel — but also recognized that this does not guarantee favorable investment results for every fund in every time period.

The Trustees considered that 2013 was a year of strong competitive performance for many of the Putnam funds, with only a relatively small number of exceptions. They noted that this strong performance was exemplified by the fact that the Putnam funds were recognized by Barron’s as the second-best performing mutual fund complex for both 2013 and the five-year period ended December 31, 2013. They also noted, however, the disappointing investment performance of some funds for periods ended December 31, 2013 and considered information provided by Putnam Management regarding the factors contributing to the underperformance and actions being taken to improve the performance of these particular funds. The Trustees indicated their intention to continue to monitor performance trends to assess the effectiveness of these efforts and to evaluate whether additional actions to address areas of underperformance are warranted.

For purposes of evaluating investment performance, the Trustees generally focus on competitive industry rankings for the one-year, three-year and five-year periods. For a number of Putnam funds with relatively unique investment mandates for which meaningful competitive performance rankings are not considered available, the Trustees evaluated performance based on comparisons of fund returns with the returns of selected investment benchmarks. In the case of your fund, the Trustees considered that its common share cumulative total return performance at net asset value was in the following quartiles of its Lipper peer group (Lipper High Yield Municipal Debt Funds (closed-end)) for the one-year, three-year and five-year periods ended December 31, 2013 (the first quartile representing the best-performing funds and the fourth quartile the worst-performing funds):

One-year period	2nd
Three-year period	3rd
Five-year period	3rd

Over the one-year, three-year and five-year periods ended December 31, 2013, there were 11, 11 and 11 funds, respectively, in your fund’s Lipper peer group. (When considering performance information, shareholders should be mindful that past performance is not a guarantee of future results.)

Brokerage and soft-dollar allocations; investor servicing

The Trustees considered various potential benefits that Putnam Management may receive in connection with the services it provides under the management contract with your fund. These include benefits related to brokerage allocation and the use of soft dollars, whereby a portion of the commissions paid by a fund for brokerage may be used to acquire research services that are expected to be useful to Putnam Management in managing the assets of the fund and of other clients. Subject to policies established by the Trustees, soft dollars generated by these means are used primarily to acquire brokerage and research services that enhance Putnam Management’s investment capabilities and supplement Putnam Management’s internal research efforts. However, the Trustees noted that a portion of available soft dollars continues to be used to pay fund expenses. The Trustees indicated their continued intent to monitor regulatory and industry developments in this area with the assistance of their Brokerage Committee and also indicated their continued intent to monitor the allocation of the Putnam funds’ brokerage in order to ensure that the principle of seeking best price and execution remains paramount in the portfolio trading process.

22     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Putnam Management may also receive benefits from payments that the funds make to Putnam Management’s affiliates for investor services. In conjunction with the annual review of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts, the Trustees reviewed your fund’s investor servicing agreement with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (“PSERV”), which is an affiliate of Putnam Management. The Trustees concluded that the fees payable by the funds to PSERV for such services are reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of such services, the fees paid by competitive funds, and the costs incurred by PSERV in providing such services.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     23

Financial statements

These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, preceded by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, constitute the fund’s financial statements.

The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and diversification.

Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are deter- mined. All investment and non-investment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share. (For funds with preferred shares, the amount subtracted from total assets includes the liquidation preference of preferred shares.)

Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal year.

Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were earned.

Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlights table also includes the current reporting period.

24     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders
Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust:

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust (the fund), including the fund’s portfolio, as of October 31, 2014, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of October 31, 2014, by correspondence with the custodian and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust as of October 31, 2014, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Boston, Massachusetts
December 12, 2014

Managed Municipal Income Trust     25

The fund’s portfolio 10/31/14

Key to holding’s abbreviations

ABAG Association Of Bay Area Governments

AGM Assured Guaranty Municipal Corporation

AMBAC AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

COP Certificates of Participation

FGIC Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

FHLMC Coll. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Collateralized

FNMA Coll. Federal National Mortgage Association Collateralized

FRB Floating Rate Bonds: the rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period

G.O. Bonds General Obligation Bonds

GNMA Coll. Government National Mortgage Association Collateralized

NATL National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.

Radian Insd. Radian Group Insured

U.S. Govt. Coll. U.S. Government Collateralized

VRDN Variable Rate Demand Notes, which are floating-rate securities with long-term maturities that carry coupons that reset and are payable upon demand either daily, weekly or monthly. The rate shown is the current interest rate at the close of the reporting period.

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)*	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Alabama (1.8%)
Butler, Indl. Dev. Board Solid Waste Disp. Rev. Bonds (GA. Pacific Corp.), 5 3/4s, 9/1/28	A+	$1,500,000	$1,503,600
Cullman Cnty., Hlth. Care Auth. Rev. Bonds (Cullman Regl. Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 6 3/4s, 2/1/29	Ba1	1,100,000	1,199,319
Jefferson Cnty., Swr. Rev. Bonds
Ser. D, 6 1/2s, 10/1/53	BBB–	1,500,000	1,683,824
zero %, 10/1/46	BBB–	3,950,000	2,348,353
Selma, Indl. Dev. Board Rev. Bonds (Gulf Opportunity Zone Intl. Paper Co.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 11/1/33	BBB	1,000,000	1,163,130
			7,898,226
Arizona (4.8%)
Apache Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (Tucson Elec. Pwr. Co.), Ser. A, 4 1/2s, 3/1/30	Baa1	1,750,000	1,869,088
Casa Grande, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Casa Grande Regl. Med. Ctr.)
Ser. A, 7 5/8s, 12/1/29 F	D/P	1,800,000	5,380
7 1/4s, 12/1/19 F	D/P	1,000,000	2,989
Coconino Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (Tucson Elec. Pwr. Co. — Navajo), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 10/1/32	Baa1	2,000,000	2,142,480
Maricopa Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (El Paso Elec. Co.), Ser. A, 7 1/4s, 2/1/40	Baa1	2,200,000	2,587,640
Navajo Cnty., Poll. Control Corp. Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/16) (AZ Pub. Svc. Co.), Ser. E, 5 3/4s, 6/1/34	A3	1,950,000	2,092,526
Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds
(Great Hearts Academies), 6s, 7/1/32	BB/F	200,000	214,108
(Choice Academies, Inc.), 5 5/8s, 9/1/42	BB+	315,000	325,738
(Choice Academies, Inc.), 5 3/8s, 9/1/32	BB+	675,000	698,234
(Great Hearts Academies), 5s, 7/1/44	BB+	1,975,000	2,020,444
(Choice Academies, Inc.), 4 7/8s, 9/1/22	BB+	905,000	948,395

26     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Arizona cont.
Pima Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Horizon Cmnty. Learning Ctr.), 5.05s, 6/1/25	BBB	$1,140,000	$1,141,231
Salt Verde, Fin. Corp. Gas Rev. Bonds
5 1/2s, 12/1/29	A–	2,000,000	2,439,000
5s, 12/1/37	A–	2,000,000	2,273,320
5s, 12/1/32	A–	570,000	655,580
Tempe, Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Friendship Village), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 12/1/42	BB–/P	1,000,000	1,084,170
Yavapai Cnty., Indl. Dev. Ed. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Agribusiness & Equine Ctr.), 5s, 3/1/32	BB+	1,000,000	1,014,800
			21,515,123
Arkansas (0.2%)
Arkadelphia, Pub. Ed. Fac. Board Rev. Bonds (Ouachita Baptist U.), 6s, 3/1/33	BB+/P	840,000	880,530
Rogers, Rev. Bonds (Sales and Use Tax), 3 3/4s, 11/1/34	AA	75,000	75,000
			955,530
California (14.7%)
ABAG Fin. Auth. for Nonprofit Corps. Rev. Bonds
(Episcopal Sr. Cmntys.), 6s, 7/1/31	BBB+/F	660,000	767,382
(O’Connor Woods), 5s, 1/1/33	A	600,000	655,356
CA Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (U. of La Verne), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/35	Baa1	500,000	507,135
CA Muni. Fin. Auth. COP (Cmnty. Hosp. Central CA), 5 1/4s, 2/1/37	Baa1	1,105,000	1,135,188
CA Muni. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(U. of La Verne), Ser. A, 6 1/8s, 6/1/30	Baa1	1,000,000	1,173,240
(Emerson College), 6s, 1/1/42	Baa1	1,000,000	1,157,670
CA Poll. Control Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. FRB (Waste Management, Inc.), Ser. C, 5 1/8s, 11/1/23	A–	2,150,000	2,239,783
CA Poll. Control Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. 144A Rev. Bonds (Waste Management, Inc.), Ser. A-2, 5.4s, 4/1/25	A–	1,760,000	1,804,158
CA School Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (2023 Union, LLC), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/33	BBB–	465,000	521,600
CA State G.O. Bonds
6 1/2s, 4/1/33	Aa3	5,000,000	6,113,100
5s, 4/1/42	Aa3	2,000,000	2,227,260
CA State Muni. Fin. Auth. Charter School Rev. Bonds (Partnerships Uplift Cmnty.), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/32	BB+	665,000	696,214
CA State Poll. Control Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Wtr. Furnishing), 5s, 11/21/45	Baa3	2,000,000	2,130,660
(Pacific Gas & Electric Corp.), Class D, FGIC, 4 3/4s, 12/1/23	A3	2,500,000	2,678,000
CA State Pub. Wks. Board Rev. Bonds
(Dept. of Forestry & Fire), Ser. E, 5s, 11/1/32	A1	1,250,000	1,393,600
(Capital Projects), Ser. A, 5s, 4/1/29	A1	2,000,000	2,293,820
CA Statewide Cmnty. Dev. Auth. COP (The Internext Group), 5 3/8s, 4/1/30	BBB+	980,000	982,695

Managed Municipal Income Trust     27

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
California cont.
CA Statewide Cmnty. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Terraces at San Joaquin Gardens), Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/47	BB/P	$1,345,000	$1,440,024
(American Baptist Homes West), 5 3/4s, 10/1/25	BBB	3,000,000	3,356,220
(U. CA Irvine E. Campus Apts. Phase 1), 5 3/8s, 5/15/38	Baa2	1,000,000	1,118,460
(U. CA Irvine E. Campus Apts. Phase 1), 5 1/8s, 5/15/31	Baa2	2,250,000	2,497,725
Cathedral City, Impt. Board Act of 1915 Special Assmt. Bonds (Cove Impt. Dist.), Ser. 04-02
5.05s, 9/2/35	BB+/P	1,005,000	1,006,024
5s, 9/2/30	BB+/P	245,000	245,299
Corona-Norco, School Dist. Pub. Fin. Auth. Special Tax Bonds (Sr. Lien), Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/28	BBB+	380,000	426,603
Foothill/Eastern Corridor Agcy. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6s, 1/15/53	BBB–	1,500,000	1,732,545
Golden State Tobacco Securitization Corp. Rev. Bonds
Ser. A-1, 5 3/4s, 6/1/47	B3	1,000,000	815,480
Ser. A-2, 5.3s, 6/1/37	B3	2,000,000	1,607,340
(Enhanced Asset), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/30	A1	500,000	572,234
(Enhanced Asset), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/29	A1	1,125,000	1,304,078
Irvine Pub. Fac. & Infrastructure Auth. Special Assmt. Bonds, Ser. A, 4 1/4s, 9/2/24	BBB+	500,000	513,390
Irvine, Impt. Board Act of 1915 Special Assmt. Bonds, 5s, 9/2/25	BBB+	830,000	945,594
Univ. of CA Rev. Bonds, Ser. AF, 5s, 5/15/36 T	AA	7,000,000	8,045,905
La Verne, COP (Brethren Hillcrest Homes), 5s, 5/15/36	BBB–/F	325,000	347,698
Los Angeles, Dept. of Arpt. Rev. Bonds (Los Angeles Intl. Arpt.), 5s, 5/15/30	AA	1,000,000	1,141,410
Los Angeles, Regl. Arpt. Impt. Corp. Lease Rev. Bonds (Laxfuel Corp.), 4 1/2s, 1/1/27	A	400,000	430,092
M-S-R Energy Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 11/1/39	A–	750,000	1,031,243
Oakland, Unified School Dist. Alameda Cnty., G.O. Bonds
(Election of 2012), 6 5/8s, 8/1/38	BBB/P	800,000	965,400
(Election 2006), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 8/1/32	BBB/P	500,000	561,845
Poway, Unified School Dist. Pub. Fin. Auth. Special Tax Bonds, 5s, 9/15/32	BBB	500,000	545,155
Rancho Cordova, Cmnty. Fac. Dist. Special Tax Bonds (Sunridge Anatolia), Ser. 03-1, 5s, 9/1/37	BB+/P	350,000	363,986
San Francisco City & Cnty. Arpt. Comm. Intl. Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/30	A1	600,000	673,536
San Francisco City & Cnty., Redev. Agcy. Cmnty. Successor Special Tax Bonds
(No.6 Mission Bay Pub. Impts.), Ser. C, zero %, 8/1/43	BB+/P	2,000,000	385,520
(Mission Bay), Ser. C, zero %, 8/1/38	BB+/P	2,000,000	523,680

28     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
California cont.
San Francisco, City & Cnty. Redev. Fin. Auth. Tax Alloc. Bonds (Mission Bay South), Ser. D, 6 5/8s, 8/1/39	BBB+	$250,000	$289,740
San Joaquin Hills, Trans. Corridor Agcy. Toll Road Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/15/34	BBB–	920,000	1,001,171
Santaluz, Cmnty. Facs. Dist. No. 2 Special Tax Rev. Bonds (Impt. Area No. 1), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 9/1/26 (Prerefunded 9/1/21)	BBB+	1,630,000	1,875,282
Sunnyvale, Special Tax Rev. Bonds (Cmnty. Fac. Dist. No. 1), 7 3/4s, 8/1/32	B+/P	835,000	836,420
Yucaipa Special Tax Bonds (Cmnty. Fac. Dist. No. 98-1 Chapman Heights), 5 3/8s, 9/1/30	BBB+	375,000	417,296
			65,493,256
Colorado (3.3%)
Central Platte Valley, Metro. Dist. G.O. Bonds, 5s, 12/1/43	BB+	400,000	407,584
CO Pub. Hwy. Auth. Rev. Bonds (E-470), Ser. C, 5 3/8s, 9/1/26	Baa2	500,000	578,595
CO State Educ. & Cultural Facs. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Skyview Academy), 5 1/8s, 7/1/34	BB+	755,000	779,039
CO State Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Christian Living Cmnty.), 6 3/8s, 1/1/41	BB–/P	810,000	865,202
(Total Longterm Care National), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 11/15/40	BBB/F	300,000	330,102
(Christian Living Cmntys.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 1/1/26	BB–/P	1,925,000	1,986,156
(Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society), 5 5/8s, 6/1/43	A3	250,000	282,715
(Valley View Assn.), 5 1/4s, 5/15/42	A–	3,495,000	3,688,517
(Covenant Retirement Cmnty.), Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/33	BBB–	900,000	952,623
(Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society), 5s, 12/1/33	A3	1,100,000	1,204,302
E-470 CO Pub. Hwy. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C1, NATL, 5 1/2s, 9/1/24	AA–	1,000,000	1,038,850
Plaza, Tax Assoc. Bonds (Metro. Dist. No. 1), 5s, 12/1/40	BB/P	1,650,000	1,724,810
Regl. Trans. Dist. Rev. Bonds (Denver Trans. Partners), 6s, 1/15/41	Baa3	750,000	841,883
			14,680,378
Delaware (0.7%)
DE State Econ. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Delmarva Pwr.), 5.4s, 2/1/31	Baa1	500,000	564,495
(Indian River Pwr.), 5 3/8s, 10/1/45	Baa3	2,600,000	2,787,694
			3,352,189
District of Columbia (2.4%)
DC Rev. Bonds
(Howard U.), Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 10/1/41	BBB+	2,500,000	2,900,500
(Howard U.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 10/1/32	BBB+	1,000,000	1,149,740
(Kipp Charter School), 6s, 7/1/33	BBB+	1,000,000	1,166,550
DC Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, zero %, 6/15/46	B–/F	7,500,000	957,075

Managed Municipal Income Trust     29

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
District of Columbia cont.
Metro. Washington, Arpt. Auth. Dulles Toll Rd. Rev. Bonds
(Dulles Metrorail), 5s, 10/1/53	Baa1	$1,500,000	$1,571,744
(2nd Sr. Lien), Ser. B, zero %, 10/1/40	Baa1	10,000,000	2,803,400
			10,549,009
Florida (5.3%)
Double Branch Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds (Sr. Lien), Ser. A-1, 4 1/8s, 5/1/31	A–	500,000	504,460
Escambia Cnty., Env. Impt. Rev. Bonds (Intl. Paper Co.), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/26	Baa2	2,000,000	2,001,400
Fishhawk, CCD IV Special Assmt. Bonds, 7 1/4s, 5/1/43	B/P	400,000	436,000
FL Hsg. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. G, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., FHLMC Coll., 5 3/4s, 1/1/37	Aa1	170,000	174,624
Florida State Higher Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds (U. of Tampa), Ser. A, 5s, 4/1/32	BBB+	600,000	644,874
Greater Orlando Aviation Auth. Rev. Bonds (JetBlue Airways Corp.), 5s, 11/15/36	B/P	1,000,000	1,002,740
Heritage Harbour Marketplace Cmnty., Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds, 5.6s, 5/1/36	B–/P	345,000	323,317
Jacksonville, Econ. Dev. Comm. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (FL Proton Therapy Inst.), Ser. A, 6s, 9/1/17	BB–/P	260,000	280,652
Jacksonville, Econ. Dev. Comm. Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Gerdau Ameristeel US, Inc.), 5.3s, 5/1/37	Baa3	2,450,000	2,450,195
Lakeland, Retirement Cmnty. 144A Rev. Bonds (1st Mtge. — Carpenters), 6 3/8s, 1/1/43	BBB–/F	840,000	874,163
Lee Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Shell Pt./Alliance Oblig. Group), 5 1/8s, 11/15/36	BB+	1,075,000	1,108,476
(Shell Pt./Alliance Cmnty.), 5s, 11/15/22	BB+	1,500,000	1,598,130
Martin Cnty., Rev. Bonds (Indiantown Cogeneration), 4.2s, 12/15/25	Ba1	500,000	509,750
Miami Beach, Hlth. Fac. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Mount Sinai Med. Ctr.), 5s, 11/15/29	Baa1	1,000,000	1,140,210
Miami-Dade Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Pinecrest Academy, Inc.), 5s, 9/15/34	BBB–	1,240,000	1,286,872
Midtown Miami Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds (Garage), Ser. A, 5s, 5/1/29	BB–/P	570,000	622,691
Palm Beach Cnty., Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Acts Retirement-Life Cmnty.), 5 1/2s, 11/15/33	BBB+	2,000,000	2,215,660
Palm Coast Pk. Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds, 5.7s, 5/1/37	B–/P	890,000	607,897
South Lake Hosp. Dist. Rev. Bonds (South Lake Hosp.), Ser. A, 6s, 4/1/29	Baa1	1,000,000	1,130,400
Southeast Overtown Park West Cmnty. Redev. Agcy. 144A Tax Allocation Bonds, Ser. A-1, 5s, 3/1/30	BBB+	480,000	529,195
Tolomato, Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds, 5.4s, 5/1/37	CCC/P	820,000	822,886

30     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Florida cont.
Verandah, West Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds (Cap. Impt.), 5s, 5/1/33	BB–/P	$500,000	$504,845
Verano Ctr. Cmnty. Dev. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds (Cmnty. Infrastructure), Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 5/1/37	B–/P	905,000	905,914
Village Cmnty. Dev. Dist. No. 8 Special Assmt. Bonds (Phase II), 6 1/8s, 5/1/39	BB/P	415,000	477,690
Village Cmnty. Dev. Dist. No. 9 Special Assmt. Bonds, 5s, 5/1/22	BB/P	505,000	533,053
Village Community Development District No. 10 Special Assmt. Bonds, 5 3/4s, 5/1/31	BB/P	800,000	843,352
			23,529,446
Georgia (3.0%)
Atlanta, Wtr. & Waste Wtr. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 11/1/39	Aa3	2,500,000	2,970,700
Clayton Cnty., Dev. Auth. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds (Delta Airlines), Ser. A, 8 3/4s, 6/1/29	BB–	3,000,000	3,753,000
Forsyth Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Baptist Hlth. Care Syst.), U.S. Govt. Coll., 6 1/4s, 10/1/18 (Escrowed to maturity)	AA+	945,000	1,044,252
GA State Private College & U. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Mercer U.)
Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 10/1/30	Baa2	750,000	845,453
Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 10/1/27	Baa2	1,000,000	1,139,370
Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/32	Baa2	1,000,000	1,097,710
Gainesville & Hall Cnty., Devauth Retirement Cmnty. Rev. Bonds (Acts Retirement-Life Cmnty.), Ser. A-2, 6 3/8s, 11/15/29	BBB+	700,000	809,487
Marietta, Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (U. Fac. Life U., Inc.), Ser. PJ, 6 1/4s, 6/15/20	Ba3	955,000	1,032,536
Rockdale Cnty., Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Visy Paper), Ser. A, 6 1/8s, 1/1/34	BB/P	600,000	613,758
			13,306,266
Guam (—%)
Territory of GU, Pwr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/34	BBB	200,000	219,542
			219,542
Hawaii (1.2%)
HI Dept. of Trans. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds (Continental Airlines, Inc.), 7s, 6/1/20	B2	890,000	892,697
HI State Dept. Budget & Fin. Rev. Bonds
(Craigside), Ser. A, 9s, 11/15/44	B/P	400,000	492,112
(Hawaiian Elec. Co. — Subsidary), 6 1/2s, 7/1/39	Baa1	3,000,000	3,491,190
(Kahala Nui), 5 1/8s, 11/15/32	BBB/F	400,000	436,080
			5,312,079
Illinois (5.6%)
Chicago, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/33	A+	2,000,000	2,049,420
Chicago, Special Assmt. Bonds (Lake Shore East), 6 3/4s, 12/1/32	BB/P	1,624,000	1,626,745
Chicago, Motor Fuel Tax Rev. Bonds, 5s, 1/1/29	AA+	500,000	548,845

Managed Municipal Income Trust     31

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Illinois cont.
Chicago, O’Hare Intl. Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5s, 1/1/26	A2	$2,595,000	$2,931,831
Chicago, Waste Wtr. Transmission Rev. Bonds (2nd Lien), 5s, 1/1/39	AA–	1,360,000	1,495,075
Chicago, Wtr. Wks Rev. Bonds (2nd Lien), 5s, 11/1/39	AA–	875,000	968,494
Cicero, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM, 5s, 1/1/20	AA	1,250,000	1,426,875
Du Page Cnty., Special Svc. Area No. 31 Special Tax Bonds (Monarch Landing)
5 5/8s, 3/1/36	B/P	350,000	352,195
5.4s, 3/1/16	B/P	78,000	79,955
IL Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Provena Hlth.), Ser. A, 7 3/4s, 8/15/34	BBB+	1,500,000	1,884,840
(Silver Cross Hosp. & Med. Ctr.), 7s, 8/15/44	BBB–	2,000,000	2,308,240
(IL Rush U. Med. Ctr.), Ser. C, 6 5/8s, 11/1/39	A2	1,075,000	1,225,403
(Navistar Intl. Recvy. Zone), 6 1/2s, 10/15/40	B3	1,500,000	1,606,470
(Three Crowns Pk. Plaza), Ser. A, 5 7/8s, 2/15/26	BB–/P	1,000,000	1,017,180
(Landing At Plymouth Place), Ser. A, 5.35s, 5/15/15	B+/P	600,000	605,904
(American Wtr. Cap. Corp.), 5 1/4s, 10/1/39	A–	1,575,000	1,680,635
IL Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Cmnty. Rehab. Providers Fac.), Ser. A, 7 7/8s, 7/1/20	CCC/P	81,285	42,268
IL State G.O. Bonds
5s, 3/1/34	A3	750,000	797,648
5s, 8/1/21	A3	750,000	844,283
IL State Sports Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5 1/4s, 6/15/32	AA	250,000	281,955
Railsplitter, Tobacco Settlement Auth. Rev. Bonds, 6s, 6/1/28	A–	1,050,000	1,227,734
			25,001,995
Indiana (2.9%)
IN State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(I-69 Dev. Partners, LLC), 5 1/4s, 9/1/40	BBB–	1,000,000	1,086,250
(I-69 Dev. Partners, LLC), 5 1/4s, 9/1/34	BBB–	1,250,000	1,386,538
(OH Valley Elec. Corp.), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/32	Baa3	750,000	802,095
IN State Fin. Auth. Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Butler U.), Ser. B
5s, 2/1/32	BBB+	1,000,000	1,115,440
5s, 2/1/29	BBB+	500,000	566,350
Indianapolis, Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Federal Express Corp.), 5.1s, 1/15/17	Baa1	3,500,000	3,802,365
Jasper Cnty., Indl. Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
AMBAC, 5.7s, 7/1/17	Baa1	1,125,000	1,235,779
NATL, 5.6s, 11/1/16	AA–	700,000	754,593
Ser. A, NATL, 5.6s, 11/1/16	AA–	500,000	538,995
St. Joseph Cnty., Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Holy Cross Village Notre Dame), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 5/15/15	B+/P	455,000	458,945
Valparaiso, Exempt Facs. Rev. Bonds (Pratt Paper, LLC), 6 3/4s, 1/1/34	B+/P	1,125,000	1,282,320
			13,029,670

32     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Iowa (2.1%)
IA Fin. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Care Initiatives), Ser. A
5 1/4s, 7/1/17	BB+	$1,040,000	$1,099,644
5s, 7/1/19	BB+	2,750,000	2,877,188
IA Fin. Auth. Hlth. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Dev. Care Initiatives), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 7/1/25	BB+	950,000	983,706
IA State Fin. Auth. Midwestern Disaster Rev. Bonds
(IA Fertilizer Co., LLC), 5 1/2s, 12/1/22	BB–	1,000,000	1,060,060
(IA Fertilizer Co.), 5 1/4s, 12/1/25	BB–	1,000,000	1,084,790
Orange Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds, 5 1/2s, 9/1/27	BB/P	1,150,000	1,182,534
Tobacco Settlement Auth. of IA Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5 3/8s, 6/1/38	B+	1,250,000	1,066,813
			9,354,735
Kansas (0.1%)
Lenexa, Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (LakeView Village), 7 1/8s, 5/15/29	BB/P	500,000	568,330
			568,330
Kentucky (1.9%)
KY Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(First Mtge.), Ser. IA, 8s, 1/1/29	B+/P	230,000	233,259
(Masonic Home Indpt. Living II), 7 1/4s, 5/15/41	BB–/P	500,000	574,890
(Masonic Home Indpt. Living II), 7s, 5/15/30	BB–/P	500,000	575,505
KY Pub. Trans. Infrastructure Auth. Rev. Bonds (1st Tier Downtown Crossing), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/53	Baa3	1,100,000	1,269,125
KY State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Hlth. Care Rev. Bonds (Masonic Homes of KY), 5 3/8s, 11/15/42	BB–/P	900,000	914,346
Louisville & Jefferson Cnty., Metro. Govt. Hlth. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Norton Healthcare Oblig. Group), 5 1/2s, 10/1/33	A–	3,000,000	3,443,220
Louisville/Jefferson Cnty., Metro. Govt. College Rev. Bonds (Bellarmine U.), Ser. A, 6s, 5/1/28	Baa3	500,000	553,705
Owen Cnty., Wtr. Wks. Syst. Rev. Bonds (American Wtr. Co.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 6/1/39	A–	700,000	802,949
			8,366,999
Louisiana (1.1%)
LA State Local Govt. Env. Facs. & Cmnty. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Westlake Chemical Corp.), 6 3/4s, 11/1/32	BBB	2,200,000	2,470,336
LA State Pub. Facs. Solid Waste Disp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (LA Pellets, Inc.), Ser. A, 8 3/8s, 7/1/39	B–/P	500,000	511,010
Pub. Facs. Auth. Dock & Wharf Rev. Bonds (Impala Warehousing, LLC), 6 1/2s, 7/1/36	B+/P	1,000,000	1,119,920
Rapides, Fin. Auth. FRB (Cleco Pwr.), AMBAC, 4.7s, 11/1/36	A3	750,000	757,980
			4,859,246
Maine (0.5%)
ME Hlth. & Higher Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(ME Gen. Med. Ctr.), 7 1/2s, 7/1/32	Ba1	1,000,000	1,182,160
(MaineGeneral Health Oblig. Group), 6.95s, 7/1/41	Ba1	1,000,000	1,123,590
			2,305,750

Managed Municipal Income Trust     33

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Maryland (1.3%)
Baltimore Cnty., Rev. Bonds (Oak Crest Village, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/37	BBB+	$2,000,000	$2,082,500
MD Econ. Dev. Corp. Poll. Control Rev. Bonds (Potomac Electric Power Co.), 6.2s, 9/1/22	A2	550,000	652,702
MD State Indl. Dev. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Synagro-Baltimore), Ser. A, 5 3/8s, 12/1/14	BBB+/F	1,000,000	1,001,760
MD State Indl. Dev. Fin. Auth. Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Our Lady of Good Counsel School), Ser. A, 6s, 5/1/35 (Prerefunded 5/1/15)	BB/P	400,000	411,372
Westminster, Rev. Bonds
(Lutheran Village at Miller’s Grant, Inc. (The)), Ser. A, 6s, 7/1/34	B–/P	250,000	266,380
(Carroll Lutheran Village, Inc.), 5 1/8s, 7/1/34	BB/P	1,500,000	1,566,705
			5,981,419
Massachusetts (6.5%)
MA Edl. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5 1/2s, 1/1/23	AA	635,000	675,138
MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds
(Sabis Intl.), Ser. A, 8s, 4/15/39	BBB	690,000	818,844
(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-1, 6 1/4s, 11/15/46	B–/P	450,850	351,099
(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-1, 6 1/4s, 11/15/39	B–/P	532,400	414,521
(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-1, 6 1/4s, 11/15/26	B–/P	275,400	222,683
(Boston U.), 6s, 5/15/59	A1	500,000	622,155
(Loomis Cmntys.), Ser. A, 6s, 1/1/33	BBB–	200,000	224,044
(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. A-2, 5 1/2s, 11/15/46	B–/P	88,265	68,771
(New England Conservatory of Music), 5 1/4s, 7/1/38 (Prerefunded 7/1/18)	AAA/P	805,000	930,950
(Wheelock College), Ser. C, 5 1/4s, 10/1/29	BBB	1,700,000	1,840,131
(Emerson College), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/40	Baa1	1,000,000	1,061,910
(First Mtge. — Orchard Cove), 5s, 10/1/19	BB/P	550,000	556,155
(Linden Ponds, Inc. Fac.), Ser. B, zero %, 11/15/56	B–/P	439,022	2,147
MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Hlth. Care Fac. 144A Rev. Bonds (Adventcare), Ser. A, 6.65s, 10/15/28	B/P	1,050,000	1,094,814
MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Solid Waste Disp. FRB (Dominion Energy Brayton), Ser. 1, 5 3/4s, 12/1/42 (Prerefunded 5/1/19)	BBB+	1,050,000	1,265,828
MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Jordan Hosp.), Ser. E, 6 3/4s, 10/1/33	B+	2,550,000	2,555,432
(Suffolk U.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 7/1/30	Baa2	1,000,000	1,177,760
(Quincy Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 1/15/28 (In default) †	D/P	330,776	33
(Suffolk U.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 7/1/39 (Prerefunded 7/1/19)	Baa2	950,000	1,048,772
(Baystate Med. Ctr.), Ser. I, 5 3/4s, 7/1/36	A+	1,500,000	1,698,135
(Springfield College), 5 5/8s, 10/15/40	Baa1	450,000	493,488
(Springfield College), 5 1/2s, 10/15/31	Baa1	1,100,000	1,214,829

34     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Massachusetts cont.
MA State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Springfield College), 5 1/2s, 10/15/26	Baa1	$1,500,000	$1,685,775
(Fisher College), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 4/1/37	BBB–	250,000	253,515
(Emerson Hosp.), Ser. E, Radian Insd., 5s, 8/15/25	BB/P	1,500,000	1,506,825
(Milford Regl. Med.), Ser. E, 5s, 7/15/22	Baa3	2,200,000	2,302,520
MA State Indl. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (1st Mtge. Berkshire Retirement), Ser. A, 6 5/8s, 7/1/16	BBB	515,000	517,312
MA State Port Auth. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds (Conrac), Ser. A, 5 1/8s, 7/1/41	A	750,000	815,273
Metro. Boston, Trans. Pkg. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Systemwide Pkg.), 5 1/4s, 7/1/33	A1	1,500,000	1,721,685
5s, 7/1/41	A1	1,500,000	1,685,490
			28,826,034
Michigan (5.8%)
Detroit, Wtr. Supply Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, AGM, 6 1/4s, 7/1/36	AA	1,660,000	1,810,346
Flint, Hosp. Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Hurley Med. Ctr.), 6s, 7/1/20	Ba1	110,000	110,113
Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 7/1/39	Ba1	750,000	700,845
Kentwood, Economic Dev. Rev. Bonds (Holland Home), 5 5/8s, 11/15/32	BB+/F	2,195,000	2,336,753
MI State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Detroit Wtr. & Swr.), Ser. C-6, 5s, 7/1/33	BBB+	600,000	651,642
MI State Fin. Auth. Rev. Notes (Detroit School Dist. Student Aid), Ser. E, 2.85s, 8/20/15	SP-1	2,450,000	2,465,754
MI State Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
Ser. A, 6 1/8s, 6/1/39	A1	2,000,000	2,307,620
(Henry Ford Hlth.), 5 3/4s, 11/15/39	A3	1,600,000	1,780,224
(Henry Ford Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 11/15/46	A3	2,565,000	2,647,029
(Chelsea Cmnty. Hosp. Oblig.), 5s, 5/15/25 (Prerefunded 5/15/15)	AA+	755,000	774,396
MI State Strategic Fund Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds (Cadillac Place Office Bldg.), 5 1/4s, 10/15/26	A1	1,250,000	1,442,038
MI State Strategic Fund, Ltd. Rev. Bonds (Worthington Armstrong Venture), U.S. Govt. Coll., 5 3/4s, 10/1/22 (Escrowed to maturity)	AAA/P	1,350,000	1,653,156
MI Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6s, 6/1/48	B–	4,000,000	3,234,560
Monroe Cnty., Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Mercy Memorial Hosp.), 5 1/2s, 6/1/20	Baa2	1,480,000	1,573,062
Wayne Cnty., Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/21	A2	2,000,000	2,302,640
			25,790,178
Minnesota (2.7%)
Douglas Cnty., Gross Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Douglas Cnty. Hosp.), Ser. A, 6 1/4s, 7/1/34	BBB–	3,000,000	3,238,890
Inver Grove Heights, Nursing Home Rev. Bonds (Presbyterian Homes Care), 5 3/8s, 10/1/26	B/P	700,000	700,287
North Oaks, Sr. Hsg. Rev. Bonds (Presbyterian Homes North Oaks), 6 1/8s, 10/1/39	BB/P	315,000	337,195

Managed Municipal Income Trust     35

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Minnesota cont.
Northfield, Hosp. Rev. Bonds, 5 3/8s, 11/1/26	BBB	$750,000	$779,573
Otsego, Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (Kaleidoscope Charter School), Ser. A, 5s, 9/1/34	BB+	800,000	816,128
Rochester, Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Olmsted Med. Ctr.), 5 7/8s, 7/1/30	A–/F	1,000,000	1,141,220
Sartell, Hlth. Care & Hsg. Facs. Rev. Bonds (Country Manor Campus, LLC)
5 1/4s, 9/1/30	B–/P	500,000	523,120
5 1/4s, 9/1/27	B–/P	750,000	796,860
Sauk Rapids Hlth. Care & Hsg. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Good Shepherd Lutheran Home), 7 1/2s, 1/1/39 (Prerefunded 1/1/16)	AAA/P	500,000	541,310
St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Charter School Lease Rev. Bonds (Nova Classical Academy), Ser. A
6 5/8s, 9/1/42	BBB–	250,000	285,143
6 3/8s, 9/1/31	BBB–	250,000	293,270
St. Paul, Hsg. & Redev. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Healtheast), 6s, 11/15/35	BBB–	1,350,000	1,405,498
St. Paul, Port Auth. Lease Rev. Bonds (Regions Hosp. Pkg. Ramp), Ser. 1, 5s, 8/1/36	A–/P	1,125,000	1,130,861
			11,989,355
Mississippi (1.1%)
MS State Bus. Fin. Commission Gulf Opportunity Zone VRDN (Chevron USA, Inc.), Ser. E, 0.08s, 12/1/30	VMIG1	3,000,000	3,000,000
Warren Cnty., Gulf Opportunity Zone Rev. Bonds (Intl. Paper Co.), Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 9/1/32	Baa2	1,600,000	1,833,104
			4,833,104
Missouri (0.6%)
Kansas City, Indl. Dev. Auth. Hlth. Fac. Rev. Bonds (First Mtge. Bishop Spencer), Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 1/1/35	B/P	1,500,000	1,504,245
St. Louis Arpt. Rev. Bonds (Lambert-St. Louis Intl.), Ser. A-1, 6 5/8s, 7/1/34	A3	1,000,000	1,194,270
			2,698,515
Montana (0.1%)
MT Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Sr. Living St. John’s Lutheran), Ser. A, 6s, 5/15/25	B+/P	500,000	521,325
			521,325
Nebraska (0.8%)
Central Plains, Energy Rev. Bonds (NE Gas No. 1), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/1/18	A–	1,500,000	1,709,265
Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Immanuel Oblig. Group), 5 1/2s, 1/1/30	AA–/F	1,000,000	1,109,470
NE Pub. Pwr. Dist. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A
5s, 1/1/39	A1	250,000	278,735
5s, 1/1/38	A1	250,000	279,243
			3,376,713
Nevada (1.1%)
Clark Cnty., Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A-2, 5s, 7/1/33	A1	1,050,000	1,201,190
Clark Cnty., Impt. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds
(Mountains Edge Local No. 142), 5s, 8/1/21	BBB–	615,000	670,307
(Summerlin No. 151), 5s, 8/1/20	BB–/P	405,000	391,404
(Summerlin No. 151), 5s, 8/1/16	BB–/P	950,000	950,722

36     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Nevada cont.
Henderson, Local Impt. Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds
(No. T-17), 5s, 9/1/18	BB+/P	$355,000	$367,123
(No. T-18), 5s, 9/1/16	B–/P	715,000	707,972
Las Vegas, Special Assmt. Bonds (Dist. No. 607 Local Impt.), 5s, 6/1/23	BB/P	435,000	470,557
			4,759,275
New Hampshire (1.8%)
NH Hlth. & Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Rivermead), Ser. A, 6 7/8s, 7/1/41	BB+/P	2,000,000	2,229,060
(Rivermead), Ser. A, 6 5/8s, 7/1/31	BB+/P	1,320,000	1,455,749
(Kendal at Hanover), Ser. A, 5s, 10/1/18	BBB+	1,875,000	1,879,706
NH State Bus. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Elliot Hosp. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 6s, 10/1/27	Baa1	1,700,000	1,935,144
NH State Bus. Fin. Auth. Solid Waste Disp. Mandatory Put Bonds (10/1/19) (Casella Waste Syst., Inc.), 4s, 4/1/29	B2	350,000	350,455
			7,850,114
New Jersey (8.2%)
Burlington Cnty., Bridge Comm. Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds (The Evergreens), 5 5/8s, 1/1/38	BB+/P	3,200,000	3,277,184
NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Ashland School, Inc.), 6s, 10/1/33	BBB	1,000,000	1,148,560
(NYNJ Link Borrower, LLC), 5 3/8s, 1/1/43	BBB–	1,000,000	1,099,660
(MSU Student Hsg. — Provident Group — Montclair LLC), 5 3/8s, 6/1/25	Baa3	2,000,000	2,275,020
(Lions Gate), 5 1/4s, 1/1/44	BB–/P	300,000	307,206
(Continental Airlines, Inc.), 5 1/4s, 9/15/29	B2	3,000,000	3,193,980
(United Methodist Homes), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/29	BBB–/F	500,000	548,515
5s, 6/15/26	Baa1	500,000	562,510
NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Continental Airlines, Inc.), 5 5/8s, 11/15/30	B2	1,500,000	1,640,865
NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Retirement Cmnty. Rev. Bonds (Seabrook Village, Inc.), 5 1/4s, 11/15/36	BB–/P	860,000	875,858
NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Wtr. Fac. Rev. Bonds (NJ American Wtr. Co.)
Ser. A, 5.7s, 10/1/39	A1	2,600,000	2,930,590
Ser. D, 4 7/8s, 11/1/29	A1	700,000	756,700
NJ State Hlth. Care Facs. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(St. Joseph Hlth. Care Syst.), 6 5/8s, 7/1/38	Baa3	2,250,000	2,499,773
(St. Peter’s U. Hosp.), 6 1/4s, 7/1/35	Ba1	2,000,000	2,204,060
(Holy Name Hosp.), 5s, 7/1/36	Baa2	2,500,000	2,572,650
North Hudson, Swr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/42	A–	1,000,000	1,100,390
Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds
Ser. 1A, 5s, 6/1/41	B2	5,000,000	3,738,200
Ser. 1A, 4 3/4s, 6/1/34	B2	2,210,000	1,651,865
zero %, 6/1/41	A–	10,000,000	2,444,600
Union Cnty., Util. Auth. Resource Recvy. Fac. Lease Rev. Bonds (Covanta Union), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/1/31	AA+	1,450,000	1,583,980
			36,412,166

Managed Municipal Income Trust     37

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
New Mexico (1.6%)
Farmington, Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
(Public Service Co. of NM San Juan), Ser. D, 5.9s, 6/1/40	Baa2	$500,000	$557,045
(San Juan), Ser. B, 4 7/8s, 4/1/33	Baa2	4,500,000	4,608,135
(AZ Pub. Svc. Co.), Ser. B, 4.7s, 9/1/24	A3	2,000,000	2,167,980
			7,333,160
New York (9.0%)
Broome Cnty., Indl. Dev. Agcy. Continuing Care Retirement Rev. Bonds (Good Shepard Village), Ser. A, 6 3/4s, 7/1/28	B/P	600,000	634,074
Livingston Cnty., Indl. Dev. Agcy. Civic Fac. Rev. Bonds (Nicholas H. Noyes Memorial Hosp.), 5 3/4s, 7/1/15	BB	435,000	435,331
Nassau Cnty., Indl. Dev. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (Keyspan-Glenwood), 5 1/4s, 6/1/27	A–	2,775,000	2,783,547
NY City, G.O. Bonds, Ser. F, 5s, 8/1/31	Aa2	1,500,000	1,716,930
NY City, Indl. Dev. Agcy. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds
(American Airlines — JFK Intl. Arpt.), 7 1/2s, 8/1/16	B+/P	1,560,000	1,623,648
(British Airways PLC), 5 1/4s, 12/1/32	BB	3,425,000	3,433,631
(Jetblue Airways Corp.), 5s, 5/15/20	B	235,000	235,376
NY City, Muni. Wtr. & Swr. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 6/15/31 T	AA+	10,000,000	11,539,116
NY State Dorm Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 3/15/38	AAA	1,500,000	1,731,135
NY State Dorm. Auth. Non-State Supported Debt Rev. Bonds (Orange Regl. Med. Ctr.), 6 1/4s, 12/1/37	Ba1	725,000	768,384
NY State Dorm. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5s, 3/15/31T	AAA	5,000,000	5,727,024
NY State Energy Research & Dev. Auth. Gas Fac. Rev. Bonds (Brooklyn Union Gas), 6.952s, 7/1/26	A2	3,800,000	3,811,742
NY State Liberty Dev. Corp. 144A Rev. Bonds (World Trade Ctr.)
Class 2, 5 3/8s, 11/15/40 ##	B–/P	750,000	767,798
Class 1, 5s, 11/15/44 ##	BB–/P	1,250,000	1,259,788
Onondaga, Civic Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds (St. Joseph’s Hosp. Hlth. Ctr.), 5 1/8s, 7/1/31	Ba2	1,620,000	1,681,981
Port Auth. NY & NJ Special Oblig. Rev. Bonds (JFK Intl. Air Term.), 6s, 12/1/42	Baa3	1,000,000	1,189,200
Port Auth. of NY & NJ Rev. Bonds (Kennedy Intl. Arpt. — 5th Installment), 6 3/4s, 10/1/19	BB+/P	155,000	155,020
Syracuse, Indl. Dev. Agcy. Rev. Bonds (1st Mtge. — Jewish Home), Ser. A, 7 3/8s, 3/1/21	B/P	615,000	615,000
			40,108,725
North Carolina (1.8%)
NC Eastern Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 6 3/4s, 1/1/24	A–	750,000	891,353
NC Med. Care Cmnty. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Presbyterian Homes), 5.4s, 10/1/27	BB/P	2,000,000	2,018,240
(First Mtge. — Presbyterian Homes), 5 3/8s, 10/1/22	BB/P	1,110,000	1,129,936

38     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
North Carolina cont.
NC Med. Care Comm. Retirement Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Carolina Village), 6s, 4/1/38	BB/P	$1,000,000	$1,057,820
(First Mtge.), Ser. A-05, 5 1/2s, 10/1/35	BB+/P	1,730,000	1,731,073
(First Mtge.), Ser. A-05, 5 1/4s, 10/1/25	BB+/P	95,000	95,083
(Forest at Duke), 5 1/8s, 9/1/27	BBB+/F	1,000,000	1,041,890
NC State Hsg. Fin. Agcy. (Homeownership), Ser. 26-A, 5 1/2s, 1/1/38	Aa2	85,000	86,900
			8,052,295
Ohio (4.5%)
American Muni. Pwr. — Ohio, Inc. Rev. Bonds (Prairie Street Energy Campus), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 2/15/33	AA	1,000,000	1,099,570
Buckeye, Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
Ser. A-3, 6 1/4s, 6/1/37	B3	850,000	709,495
Ser. A-2, 6s, 6/1/42	B3	2,500,000	1,988,175
Ser. A-2, 5 7/8s, 6/1/30	B3	1,315,000	1,080,733
Ser. A-2, 5 3/4s, 6/1/34	B3	1,675,000	1,330,302
Franklin Cnty., Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Presbyterian Svcs.), Ser. A, 5 5/8s, 7/1/26	BBB–	2,750,000	2,969,698
Hickory Chase Cmnty. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Infrastructure Impt.), 7s, 12/1/38 F	CCC/P	644,000	77,216
Lake Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Lake Hosp. Syst.), Ser. C, 5 5/8s, 8/15/29	A3	1,530,000	1,708,306
Lorain Cnty., Port Auth. Recovery Zone Fac. Rev. Bonds (U.S. Steel Corp.), 6 3/4s, 12/1/40	BB–	1,000,000	1,107,720
OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Valley Elec. Corp.), Ser. E, 5 5/8s, 10/1/19	Baa3	1,300,000	1,481,909
OH State Air Quality Dev. Auth., Poll. Control Mandatory Put Bonds (5/1/20) (FirstEnergy Nuclear), Ser. C, 3.95s, 11/1/32	Baa3	450,000	472,415
OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Comm. Rev. Bonds
(U. Hosp. Hlth. Syst.), Ser. 09-A, 6 3/4s, 1/15/39 (Prerefunded 1/15/15)	A	2,000,000	2,025,920
(Kenyon College), 5s, 7/1/44	A1	800,000	861,056
OH State Wtr. Dev. Auth. Poll. Control Mandatory Put Bonds (6/3/19) (FirstEnergy Nuclear Generation, LLC), 4s, 12/1/33	Baa3	1,550,000	1,657,586
Southeastern OH Port Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds, 5 3/4s, 12/1/32	BB/P	900,000	935,262
Toledo-Lucas Cnty., Port Auth. Rev. Bonds (CSX Transn, Inc.), 6.45s, 12/15/21	Baa1	500,000	630,010
			20,135,373
Oklahoma (1.5%)
OK Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Single Fam. Rev. Bonds (Homeownership Loan), Ser. B, 5.35s, 3/1/35	Aaa	525,000	559,619
OK Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Single Family Mtge. Rev. Bonds (Homeownership Loan), Ser. C, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., 5.95s, 3/1/37	Aaa	480,000	497,136
OK State Tpk. Auth. VRDN, Ser. F, 0.07s, 1/1/28	VMIG1	2,545,000	2,545,000

Managed Municipal Income Trust     39

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Oklahoma cont.
Tulsa Cnty., Indl. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Sr. Living Cmnty. Montereau, Inc.), Ser. A
7 1/8s, 11/1/30	BB–/P	$1,250,000	$1,383,700
6 7/8s, 11/1/23	BB–/P	500,000	505,795
Tulsa, Muni. Arpt. Trust Rev. Bonds (American Airlines, Inc.), Ser. B, 5 1/2s, 12/1/35	B+/P	1,250,000	1,324,363
			6,815,613
Oregon (0.4%)
Multnomah Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Mirabella at South Waterfront), Ser. A, 5.4s, 10/1/44	BB–/P	500,000	521,405
(Terwilliger Plaza, Inc.), 5s, 12/1/29	BBB/F	350,000	379,460
Warm Springs Reservation, Confederated Tribes 144A Rev. Bonds (Pelton Round Butte Tribal), Ser. B, 6 3/8s, 11/1/33	A3	700,000	788,998
			1,689,863
Pennsylvania (7.0%)
Allegheny Cnty., Higher Ed. Bldg. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Robert Morris U.), Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 10/15/30	Baa3	1,000,000	1,093,010
Allegheny Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds (U.S. Steel Corp.), 6 3/4s, 11/1/24	BB–	1,500,000	1,715,475
Allentown, Neighborhood Impt. Zone Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A
5s, 5/1/42	Baa2	800,000	856,136
5s, 5/1/35	Baa2	500,000	540,835
5s, 5/1/32	Baa2	200,000	217,416
Beaver Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/20) (FirstEnergy Nuclear Generation, LLC), Ser. B, 3 1/2s, 12/1/35	Baa3	2,700,000	2,774,358
Chester Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Student Hsg. Rev. Bonds (West Chester U. Student Hsg., LLC), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/45	Baa3	1,000,000	1,048,990
Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Brethren Village), Ser. A, 6 3/8s, 7/1/30	BB–/P	625,000	656,375
Lebanon Cnty., Hlth. Facs. Rev. Bonds (Pleasant View Retirement), Ser. A, 5.3s, 12/15/26	BB/P	1,800,000	1,801,368
Lycoming Cnty., Auth. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 5/1/26	A	2,000,000	2,211,380
Lycoming Cnty., Auth. Hlth. Syst. Rev. Bonds (Susquehanna Hlth. Syst.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 7/1/39	BBB+	3,000,000	3,235,350
Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Auth. Resource Recvy. Rev. Bonds
(Whitemarsh Cont. Care), 6 1/4s, 2/1/35	B–/P	1,100,000	1,106,402
(Whitemarsh Continuing Care Retirement Cmnty, Inc.), 6 1/8s, 2/1/28	B–/P	700,000	705,103
Northampton Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Mandatory Put Bonds (8/15/16) (Saint Luke’s Hosp.), Ser. C, 4 1/2s, 8/15/32	A3	1,500,000	1,591,440
Northampton Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Tax Alloc. Bonds (Rte. 33), 7s, 7/1/32	B/P	800,000	873,056
PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Resource Recvy. Rev. Bonds (Colver), Ser. F, AMBAC, 5s, 12/1/15	BBB–	1,650,000	1,695,821

40     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Pennsylvania cont.
PA State Higher Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Shippensburg U.), 6 1/4s, 10/1/43	Baa3	$500,000	$565,984
(Edinboro U. Foundation), 5.8s, 7/1/30	Baa3	1,000,000	1,088,130
(Gwynedd Mercy College), Ser. KK1, 5 3/8s, 5/1/42	BBB	785,000	840,099
(Indiana U.), Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/41	BBB+	500,000	527,270
PA State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5s, 12/1/38	A1	500,000	562,284
Philadelphia, Auth. for Indl. Dev. Rev. Bonds (Master Charter School), 6s, 8/1/35	BBB+	1,055,000	1,149,750
Philadelphia, Gas Wks. Rev. Bonds, Ser. 9, 5s, 8/1/30	A–	1,000,000	1,138,580
Philadelphia, Hosp. & Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Graduate Hlth. Syst.), 7 1/4s, 7/1/13 (In default) †***	D/P	2,583,821	258
Pittsburgh G.O. Bonds, Ser. B, 5s, 9/1/26	A1	1,000,000	1,148,250
Susquehanna, Area Regl. Arpt. Syst. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6 1/2s, 1/1/38	Baa3	1,325,000	1,432,405
Wilkes-Barre, Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Wilkes U.), 5s, 3/1/22	BBB	560,000	588,392
			31,163,917
Puerto Rico (0.8%)
Children’s Trust Fund Tobacco Settlement (The) Rev. Bonds (Asset Backed Bonds), 5 5/8s, 5/15/43	Ba2	1,300,000	1,216,968
Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds
Ser. A, FGIC, 5 1/2s, 7/1/21	BB	1,000,000	898,040
(Pub. Impt.), Ser. A, NATL, 5 1/2s, 7/1/20	AA–	1,000,000	1,041,780
Cmnwlth. of PR, Sales Tax Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, AMBAC, zero %, 8/1/47	BBB	3,000,000	347,910
			3,504,698
Rhode Island (0.3%)
Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 6 1/8s, 6/1/32	BBB	1,490,000	1,498,687
			1,498,687
South Carolina (1.6%)
Georgetown Cnty., Env. Impt. Rev. Bonds (Intl. Paper Co.), Ser. A, 5s, 8/1/30	Baa2	1,135,000	1,135,714
SC State Pub. Svc. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Santee Cooper), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 12/1/43	AA–	3,000,000	3,536,040
Ser. A, 5 1/2s, 12/1/54	AA–	2,000,000	2,263,780
			6,935,534
Tennessee (0.4%)
Johnson City, Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Board Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Mountain States Hlth. Alliance), 6s, 7/1/38	Baa1	1,450,000	1,645,605
			1,645,605
Texas (12.5%)
Brazos, Harbor Indl. Dev. Corp. Env. Fac. Mandatory Put Bonds (5/1/28) (Dow Chemical), 5.9s, 5/1/38	BBB	3,735,000	4,066,667
Central TX Regl. Mobility Auth. Rev. Bonds (Sr. Lien), Ser. A, 5s, 1/1/33	Baa2	525,000	576,912

Managed Municipal Income Trust     41

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Texas cont.
Clifton, Higher Ed. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (Idea Pub. Schools)
6s, 8/15/33	BBB	$500,000	$594,155
5s, 8/15/32	BBB	315,000	344,446
Grand Parkway Trans. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5 1/4s, 10/1/51	AA+	2,000,000	2,231,700
Harris Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (YMCA of Greater Houston), Ser. A, 5s, 6/1/33	Baa3	1,000,000	1,080,230
Houston, Arpt. Syst. Rev. Bonds
(Continental Airlines, Inc.), Ser. C, 5.7s, 7/15/29	B2	6,185,000	6,189,514
Ser. A, 5s, 7/1/24	A	1,500,000	1,738,530
(United Airlines, Inc.), 4 3/4s, 7/1/24	B2	1,300,000	1,400,074
La Vernia, Higher Ed. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (Kipp, Inc.), Ser. A
6 3/8s, 8/15/44	BBB	1,100,000	1,237,962
6 1/4s, 8/15/39	BBB	1,975,000	2,216,543
Love Field, Arpt. Modernization Corp. Special Fac. Rev. Bonds (Southwest Airlines Co.), 5 1/4s, 11/1/40	Baa2	3,500,000	3,761,765
Matagorda Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds
(Central Pwr. & Light Co.), Ser. A, 6.3s, 11/1/29	Baa1	1,000,000	1,152,180
(Dist. No. 1), Ser. A, AMBAC, 4.4s, 5/1/30	Baa1	1,250,000	1,346,325
New Hope, Cultural Ed. Facs. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Collegiate Hsg.-Tarleton St.), 5s, 4/1/39	Baa3	500,000	527,220
(TX A&M U. Collegiate & Student Hsg. College Station I, LLC), Ser. A, 5s, 4/1/29	Baa3	530,000	587,404
Newark, Cultural Ed. Facs. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (AW Brown-Fellowship Leadership Academy), Ser. A, 6s, 8/15/42	BBB–	670,000	695,554
North Texas Edl. Fin. Co. Rev. Bonds (Uplift Edl.), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/1/47	BBB–	2,000,000	2,164,600
North TX, Tollway Auth. Rev. Bonds
Ser. A, 6s, 1/1/25	A2	1,000,000	1,128,910
(Toll 2nd Tier), Ser. F, 5 3/4s, 1/1/38	A3	1,750,000	1,945,125
Red River, Hlth. Retirement Facs. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Happy Harbor Methodist Home, Inc.), Ser. A, 7 3/4s, 11/15/44	B–/P	420,000	478,859
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. C, 6 1/4s, 5/9/53 (In default) †	D/P	39,000	14,693
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. B, 6.15s, 11/15/49 (In default) †	D/P	749,000	282,186
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 6.05s, 11/15/46 (In default) †	D/P	441,000	166,147
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. D, 6.05s, 11/15/46 (In default) †	D/P	76,000	28,633
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 5.45s, 11/15/38 (In default) †	D/P	1,124,000	423,467
(Sears Methodist Retirement Syst. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 5.15s, 11/15/27 (In default) †	D/P	593,000	223,413

42     Managed Municipal Income Trust

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Texas cont.
Sam Rayburn, Muni. Pwr. Agcy. Rev. Bonds, 5s, 10/1/21	BBB+	$500,000	$593,455
Tarrant Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. Retirement Fac. Rev. Bonds
(Sr. Living Ctr.), Ser. A, 8 1/4s, 11/15/39	B+/P	2,825,000	2,751,974
(Buckner Retirement Svcs., Inc.), 5 1/4s, 11/15/37	A–	1,900,000	1,973,111
(Air Force Village), 5 1/8s, 5/15/27	BBB–/F	2,850,000	2,904,350
Travis Cnty., Cultural Ed. Facs. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds (Wayside Schools), Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 8/15/42	BB+	1,000,000	1,019,900
TX Muni. Gas Acquisition & Supply Corp. I Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5 1/4s, 12/15/24	A–	2,000,000	2,327,300
TX Private Activity Surface Trans. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(NTE Mobility), 7 1/2s, 12/31/31	Baa2	2,000,000	2,436,440
(LBJ Infrastructure), 7s, 6/30/40	Baa3	2,500,000	3,000,425
TX State Dept. of Hsg. & Cmnty. Affairs Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, GNMA Coll., FNMA Coll., FHLMC Coll., 6.9s, 7/2/24	AA+	300,000	304,941
TX State Muni. Gas Acquisition & Supply Corp. III Rev. Bonds, 5s, 12/15/28	A3	1,500,000	1,655,400
			55,570,510
Virginia (1.7%)
Albemarle Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Res. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Westminster-Canterbury), 5s, 1/1/24	BB–/P	600,000	610,380
Henrico Cnty., Econ. Dev. Auth. Res. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (United Methodist Homes), 5s, 6/1/22	BB+/P	625,000	682,963
Lynchburg, Indl. Dev. Auth. Res. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds (Westminster-Canterbury)
5s, 7/1/31	BB/P	1,250,000	1,265,100
4 7/8s, 7/1/21	BB/P	1,000,000	1,043,840
VA State Small Bus. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Elizabeth River Crossings OPCO, LLC), 6s, 1/1/37	BBB–	900,000	1,024,631
(Express Lanes, LLC), 5s, 7/1/34	BBB–	1,150,000	1,215,021
Washington Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Mountain States Hlth. Alliance), Ser. C, 7 3/4s, 7/1/38	Baa1	1,700,000	2,000,084
			7,842,019
Washington (3.0%)
WA State G.O. Bonds (Sr. 520 Corridor-Motor Vehicle Tax), Ser. C, 5s, 6/1/28 T	AA+	5,000,000	5,857,047
Port Seattle, Port Indl. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds (Delta Airlines, Inc.), 5s, 4/1/30	BB	300,000	307,224
Skagit Cnty., Pub. Hosp. Rev. Bonds (Dist. No. 001), 5 3/4s, 12/1/35	Baa2	2,500,000	2,722,475
Tobacco Settlement Auth. of WA Rev. Bonds, 5 1/4s, 6/1/32	A–	1,275,000	1,426,381

Managed Municipal Income Trust     43

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (129.4%)* cont.	Rating**	Principal amount	Value
Washington cont.
WA State Higher Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Whitworth U.), 5 5/8s, 10/1/40	Baa1	$400,000	$430,152
WA State Hlth. Care Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(WA Hlth. Svcs.), 7s, 7/1/39	Baa2	1,000,000	1,149,560
(Kadlec Med. Ctr.), 5 1/2s, 12/1/39	Baa3	1,300,000	1,547,468
			13,440,307
West Virginia (0.6%)
WV State Econ. Dev. Auth. Poll Control Rev. Bonds (Appalachian Pwr. Co. — Amos), Ser. C, 3 1/4s, 5/1/19	Baa1	1,950,000	2,041,689
WV State Hosp. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds (Thomas Hlth. Syst.), 6 3/4s, 10/1/43	B+/P	735,000	767,112
			2,808,801
Wisconsin (1.1%)
Pub. Fin. Auth. Arpt. Fac. Rev. Bonds (Sr. Oblig. Group), 5 1/4s, 7/1/28	BBB	350,000	389,067
WI State Hlth. & Edl. Facs. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(St. Johns Cmntys. Inc.), Ser. A, 7 5/8s, 9/15/39	BB+/P	1,350,000	1,610,172
(Prohealth Care, Inc.), 6 5/8s, 2/15/39	A1	1,250,000	1,476,275
WI State Pub. Fin. Auth Sr. Living Rev. Bonds (Rose Villa, Inc.), Ser. A, 5 3/4s, 11/15/44	BB–/P	1,550,000	1,586,735
			5,062,249
Total municipal bonds and notes (cost $531,367,638)			$576,943,323

PREFERRED STOCKS (0.8%)*	Shares	Value
MuniMae Tax Exempt Bond Subsidiary, LLC 144A Ser. A-5, $5.00 cum. pfd.	3,750,000	$3,751,163
Total preferred stocks (cost $3,750,000)		$3,751,163

COMMON STOCKS (0.0%)*	Shares	Value
Tembec, Inc. (Canada) †	1,750	$4,441
Total common stocks (cost $1,273,945)		$4,441

TOTAL INVESTMENTS
Total investments (cost $536,391,583)	$580,698,927

Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from November 1, 2013 through October 31, 2014 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

* Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $445,876,571.

** The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. Ratings are not covered by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

44     Managed Municipal Income Trust

†	Non-income-producing security.
***	Security is in default of principal and interest.
##	Forward commitment, in part or in entirety (Note 1).
F	Security is valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Securities may be classified as Level 2 or Level 3 for ASC 820 based on the securities’ valuation inputs (Note 1).
T	Underlying security in a tender option bond transaction. The security has been segregated as collateral for financing transactions.
	At the close of the reporting period, the fund maintained liquid assets totaling $17,626,755 to cover tender option bonds.
	144A after the name of an issuer represents securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers.
	On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates.
	The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.
	The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.
	The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets (applicable to common shares outstanding)):

Health care	37.3%
Utilities	21.1
Transportation	17.6
Education	13.6

ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:

		Valuation inputs
	Investments in securities:	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
	Common stocks*:
	Basic materials	$4,441	$—	$—
	Total common stocks	4,441	—	—
	Municipal bonds and notes	$—	$576,857,738	$85,585
	Preferred stocks	—	3,751,163	—
	Totals by level	$4,441	$580,608,901	$85,585
*Common stock classifications are presented at the sector level, which may differ from the fund’s portfolio presentation.
	During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any, did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period.
	At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund’s net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund’s portfolio.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     45

Statement of assets and liabilities 10/31/14
ASSETS
Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):
Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $536,391,583)	$580,698,927
Interest and other receivables	9,077,505
Receivable for investments sold	45,000
Prepaid assets	17,303
Total assets	589,838,735
LIABILITIES
Payable to custodian	9,695
Payable for investments purchased	998,718
Payable for purchases of delayed delivery securities (Note 1)	2,000,000
Payable for shares of the fund repurchased	678,645
Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)	807,837
Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)	4,116
Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)	37,236
Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)	193,471
Payable for administrative services (Note 2)	1,203
Payable for floating rate notes issued (Note 1)	13,542,337
Distributions payable to shareholders	2,043,685
Distributions payable to preferred shareholders (Note 1)	1,470
Other accrued expenses	143,751
Total liabilities	20,462,164
Series A remarketed preferred shares: (245 shares authorized and issued at $100,000 per share) (Note 4)	24,500,000
Series C remarketed preferred shares: (1,980 shares authorized and issued at $50,000 per share) (Note 4)	99,000,000
Net assets	$445,876,571
REPRESENTED BY
Paid-in capital — common shares (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 5)	$445,454,417
Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)	(2,114,761)
Accumulated net realized loss on investments (Note 1)	(41,770,429)
Net unrealized appreciation of investments	44,307,344
Total — Representing net assets applicable to common shares outstanding	$445,876,571
COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value per common share ($445,876,571 divided by 56,165,984 shares)	$7.94

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

46     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Statement of operations Year ended 10/31/14
INTEREST INCOME	$29,443,823
EXPENSES
Compensation of Manager (Note 2)	$3,069,178
Investor servicing fees (Note 2)	217,135
Custodian fees (Note 2)	11,848
Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)	24,838
Administrative services (Note 2)	10,495
Interest and fees expense (Note 1)	79,988
Preferred share remarketing agent fees	187,827
Other	447,751
Total expenses	4,049,060
Expense reduction (Note 2)	(115)
Net expenses	4,048,945
Net investment income	25,394,878
Net realized loss on investments (Notes 1 and 3)	(1,580,019)
Net unrealized appreciation of investments during the year	35,555,357
Net gain on investments	33,975,338
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$59,370,216
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SERIES A, AND C REMARKETED PREFERRED SHAREHOLDERS (NOTE 1):
From ordinary income
Taxable net investment income	(2,448)
From tax exempt net investment income	(129,347)
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations (applicable to common shareholders)	$59,238,421

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     47

Statement of changes in net assets
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS	Year ended 10/31/14	Year ended 10/31/13
Operations:
Net investment income	$25,394,878	$26,861,443
Net realized loss on investments	(1,580,019)	(4,489,387)
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments	35,555,357	(39,393,566)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations	59,370,216	(17,021,510)
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SERIES A AND C REMARKETED PREFERRED SHAREHOLDERS (NOTE 1):
From ordinary income
Taxable net investment income	(2,448)	(126)
From tax exempt net investment income	(129,347)	(164,292)
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations (applicable to common shareholders)	59,238,421	(17,185,928)
DISTRIBUTIONS TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS (NOTE 1):
From ordinary income
Taxable net investment income	(389,402)	(19,163)
From tax exempt net investment income	(25,610,465)	(26,880,875)
Increase from issuance of common shares in connection with reinvestment of distributions	—	530,516
Decrease from capital shares repurchased (Note 5)	(8,668,552)	(1,866,311)
Total increase (decrease) in net assets	24,570,002	(45,421,761)
NET ASSETS
Beginning of year	421,306,569	466,728,330
End of year (including distributions in excess of net investment income of $2,114,761 and $1,243,981, respectively)	$445,876,571	$421,306,569
NUMBER OF FUND SHARES
Common shares outstanding at beginning of year	57,412,202	57,627,845
Shares issued in connection with dividend reinvestment plan	—	65,258
Shares repurchased (Note 5)	(1,246,218)	(280,901)
Common shares outstanding at end of year	56,165,984	57,412,202
Remarketed preferred shares outstanding at beginning and end of year	2,225	2,225

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

48     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE
			Year ended
	10/31/14	10/31/13	10/31/12	10/31/11	10/31/10
Net asset value, beginning of period (common shares)	$7.34	$8.10	$7.37	$7.62	$7.17
Investment operations:
Net investment incomea	.45	.47	.48	.51	.52
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments	.59	(.76)	.72	(.23)	.46
Total from investment operations	1.04	(.29)	1.20	.28	.98
Distributions to preferred shareholders:
From net investment income	— e	— e	— e	— e	(.01)
Total from investment operations (applicable to common shareholders)	1.04	(.29)	1.20	.28	.97
Distributions to common shareholders:
From net investment income	(.46)	(.47)	(.47)	(.53)	(.52)
Total distributions	(.46)	(.47)	(.47)	(.53)	(.52)
Increase from shares repurchased	.02	— e	—	—	—
Net asset value, end of period (common shares)	$7.94	$7.34	$8.10	$7.37	$7.62
Market price, end of period (common shares)	$7.17	$6.70	$8.37	$7.50	$7.73
Total return at market price (%) (common shares)b	14.18	(14.78)	18.52	4.47	25.94
RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period (common shares) (in thousands)	$445,877	$421,307	$466,728	$423,921	$437,394
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (including interest expense) (%) c,d,f	.91	.90	.89	1.03	.94
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (%)c	5.69	5.91	6.12	7.04	7.03
Portfolio turnover (%)	14	15	15	17	17

^a  Per share net investment income has been determined on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

^b  Total return assumes dividend reinvestment.

^c  Ratios reflect net assets available to common shares only; net investment income ratio also reflects reduction for dividend payments to preferred shareholders.

^d  Includes amounts paid through expense offset arrangements, if any (Note 2).

^e  Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

^f  Includes interest and fee expense associated with borrowings which amounted to:

	Percentage of average net assets
October 31, 2014	0.02%
October 31, 2013	0.02
October 31, 2012	0.02
October 31, 2011	0.01
October 31, 2010	0.02

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     49

Notes to financial statements 10/31/14

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from November 1, 2013 through October 31, 2014.

Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust (the fund) is a Massachusetts business trust, which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as a diversified closed-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek a high level of current income exempt from federal income tax. The fund intends to achieve its objective by investing in a diversified portfolio of tax-exempt municipal securities which Putnam Management believes does not involve undue risk to income or principal. Up to 60% of the fund’s assets may consist of high-yield tax-exempt municipal securities that are below investment grade and involve special risk considerations. The fund’s shares trade on a stock exchange at market prices, which may be lower than the fund’s net asset value. The fund also uses leverage, primarily by issuing preferred shares in an effort to enhance the returns for the common shareholders. The fund also uses leverage which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the fund’s net asset value.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Security valuation Tax-exempt bonds and notes are generally valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees. Such services use information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. These securities will generally be categorized as Level 2.

Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sales price on their principal exchange, or official closing price for certain markets, and are classified as Level 1 securities. If no sales are reported, as in the case of some securities that are traded OTC, a security is valued at its last reported bid price and is generally categorized as a Level 2 security.

Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures and recovery rates. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. All premiums/discounts are amortized/accreted on a yield-to-maturity basis. The premium in excess of the call price, if any, is amortized to the call date; thereafter, any remaining premium is amortized to maturity. Securities purchased or sold on a delayed delivery basis may be settled at a future date beyond customary settlement time; interest income is accrued based on the terms of the

50     Managed Municipal Income Trust

securities. Losses may arise due to changes in the fair value of the underlying securities or if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.

Tender option bond transactions The fund may participate in transactions whereby a fixed-rate bond is transferred to a tender option bond trust (TOB trust) sponsored by a broker. The TOB trust funds the purchase of the fixed rate bonds by issuing floating-rate bonds to third parties and allowing the fund to retain the residual interest in the TOB trust’s assets and cash flows, which are in the form of inverse floating rate bonds. The inverse floating rate bonds held by the fund give the fund the right to (1) cause the holders of the floating rate bonds to tender their notes at par, and (2) to have the fixed-rate bond held by the TOB trust transferred to the fund, causing the TOB trust to collapse. The fund accounts for the transfer of the fixed-rate bond to the TOB trust as a secured borrowing by including the fixed-rate bond in the fund’s portfolio and including the floating rate bond as a liability in the Statement of assets and liabilities. At the close of the reporting period, the fund’s investments with a value of $31,169,092 were held by the TOB trust and served as collateral for $13,542,337 in floating-rate bonds outstanding. For the reporting period ended, the fund incurred interest expense of $7,936 for these investments based on an average interest rate of 0.06%.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

At October 31, 2014, the fund had a capital loss carryover of $41,860,810 available to the extent allowed by the Code to offset future net capital gain, if any. The amounts of the carryovers and the expiration dates are:

Loss carryover
Short-term	Long-term	Total	Expiration
$1,520,681	$7,649,808	$9,170,489	*
954,441	N/A	954,441	October 31, 2015
11,265,981	N/A	11,265,981	October 31, 2016
12,490,924	N/A	12,490,924	October 31, 2017
3,146,619	N/A	3,146,619	October 31, 2018
4,832,356	N/A	4,832,356	October 31, 2019

*Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period. However, any losses incurred will be required to be utilized prior to the losses incurred in pre-enactment tax years. As a result of this ordering rule, pre-enactment capital loss carryforwards may be more likely to expire unused. Additionally, post-enactment capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

Distributions to shareholders Distributions to common and preferred shareholders from net investment income are recorded by the fund on the ex-dividend date. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. Dividends on remarketed preferred shares become payable when, as and if declared by the Trustees. Each dividend period for the remarketed preferred shares Series A is generally a 28 day period. The applicable dividend rate for the remarketed preferred shares Series A on October 31, 2014 was 0.099%. Each dividend period for the remarketed preferred shares Series C is generally a 7 day period. The applicable dividend rate for the remarketed preferred shares Series C on October 31, 2014 was 0.099%.

During the reporting period, the fund has experienced unsuccessful remarketings of its remarketed preferred shares. As a result, dividends to the remarketed preferred shares have been paid at the “maximum dividend rate,” pursuant to the fund’s by-laws, which, based on the current credit quality of the remarketed preferred shares, equals 110% of the 60-day “AA” composite commercial paper rate.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     51

The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from the expiration of a capital loss carryover, from dividends payable, from defaulted bond interest, from market discount and from straddle loss deferrals. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $133,996 to increase distributions in excess of net investment income, $3,280,541 to decrease paid-in-capital and $3,414,537 to decrease accumulated net realized loss.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:

Unrealized appreciation	$52,808,938
Unrealized depreciation	(8,067,173)
Net unrealized appreciation	44,741,765
Undistributed ordinary income	213,458
Undistributed tax-exempt income	154,061
Capital loss carryforward	(41,860,810)
Cost for federal income tax purposes	$535,957,162

Determination of net asset value Net asset value of the common shares is determined by dividing the value of all assets of the fund, less all liabilities and the liquidation preference (redemption value of preferred shares , plus accumulated and unpaid dividends) of any outstanding remarketed preferred shares, by the total number of common shares outstanding as of period end.

Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management for management and investment advisory services quarterly based on the average net assets of the fund, including assets attributable to preferred shares. Such fee is based on the following annual rates based on the average weekly net assets attributable to common and preferred shares.

The lesser of (i) 0.55% of average net assets attributable to common and preferred shares outstanding, or (ii) the following rates:

0.65%	of the next $500 million of average weekly net assets,
0.55%	of the next $500 million of average weekly net assets,
0.50%	of the next $500 million of average weekly net assets,
0.45%	of the next $5 billion of average weekly net assets,
0.425%	of the next $5 billion of average weekly net assets,
0.405%	of the next $5 billion of average weekly net assets,
0.39%	of the next $5 billion of average weekly net assets, and
0.38%	of any excess thereafter.

The fund’s shareholders approved the fund’s current management contract with Putnam Management effective February 27, 2014. Shareholders were asked to approve the fund’s management contract following the death on October 8, 2013 of The Honourable Paul G. Desmarais, who had controlled directly and indirectly a majority of the voting shares of Power Corporation of Canada, the ultimate parent company of Putnam Management. The substantive terms of the management contract, including terms relating to fees, are identical to the terms of the fund’s previous management contract and reflect the rates provided in the table above.

If dividends payable on remarketed preferred shares during any dividend payment period plus any expenses attributable to remarketed preferred shares for that period exceed the fund’s gross income attributable to the proceeds of the remarketed preferred shares during that period, then the fee payable to Putnam Management for that period will be reduced by the amount of the excess (but not more than the effective management fees rate under the contract multiplied by the liquidation preference of the remarketed preferred shares outstanding during the period).

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. Putnam

52     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Management pays a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.40% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provided investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. was paid a monthly fee for investor servicing at an annual rate of 0.05% of the fund’s average net assets. The amounts incurred for investor servicing agent functions during the reporting period are included in Investor servicing fees in the Statement of operations.

The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $115 under the expense offset arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $256, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities. The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, cost of purchases and proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments were as follows:

	Cost of purchases	Proceeds from sales
Investments in securities, including TBA commitments (Long-term)	$91,241,887	$74,591,759
U.S. government securities (Long-term)	—	—
Total	$91,241,887	$74,591,759

Note 4: Preferred shares

The Series A (245) and Series C (1,980) Remarketed Preferred shares are redeemable at the option of the fund on any dividend payment date at a redemption price of $100,000 per Series A Remarketed Preferred share and $50,000 per Series C Remarketed Preferred share, plus an amount equal to any dividends accumulated on a daily basis but unpaid through the redemption date (whether or not such dividends have been declared) and, in certain circumstances, a call premium.

It is anticipated that dividends paid to holders of remarketed preferred shares will be considered tax-exempt dividends under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. To the extent that the fund earns taxable income and capital gains by the conclusion of a fiscal year, it may be required to apportion to the holders of the remarketed preferred shares throughout that year additional dividends as necessary to result in an after-tax equivalent to the applicable dividend rate for the period. Total additional dividends for the reporting period were $862.

Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the fund is required to maintain asset coverage of at least 200% with respect to the remarketed preferred shares. Additionally, the fund’s bylaws impose more stringent asset

Managed Municipal Income Trust     53

coverage requirements and restrictions relating to the rating of the remarketed preferred shares by the shares’ rating agencies. Should these requirements not be met, or should dividends accrued on the remarketed preferred shares not be paid, the fund may be restricted in its ability to declare dividends to common shareholders or may be required to redeem certain of the remarketed preferred shares. At period end no such restrictions have been placed on the fund.

Note 5: Shares repurchased

In September 2014, the Trustees approved the renewal of the repurchase program to allow the fund to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding common shares over the 12-month period ending October 7, 2015 (based on shares outstanding as of October 7, 2014). Prior to this renewal, the Trustees had approved a repurchase program to allow the fund to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding common shares over the 12-month period ending October 7, 2014 (based on shares outstanding as of October 7, 2013). Repurchases are made when the fund’s shares are trading at less than net asset value and in accordance with procedures approved by the fund’s Trustees.

For the reporting period, the fund repurchased 1,246,218 common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $8,668,552, which reflects a weighted-average discount from net asset value per share of 9.73%.

At the close of the reporting period, Putnam Investments, LLC owned approximately 914 shares of the fund (0.002% of the fund’s shares outstanding), valued at $7,257 based on net asset value.

Note 6: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default.

54     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Federal tax information (Unaudited)

The fund has designated 98.51% of dividends paid from net investment income during the reporting period as tax exempt for Federal income tax purposes.

The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2015 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2014.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     55

Shareholder meeting results (Unaudited)

February 27, 2014 special meeting

A proposal to approve a new management contract between the fund and Putnam Management was approved as follows:

Votes for	Votes against	Abstentions
29,731,555	1,310,388	963,323
April 25, 2014 meeting
At the meeting, a proposal to fix the number of Trustees at 14 was approved as follows:
Votes for	Votes against	Abstentions
47,771,905	1,808,042	867,678
At the meeting, each of the nominees for Trustees was elected, as follows:
	Votes for	Votes withheld
Liaquat Ahamed	48,286,459	2,161,172
Ravi Akhoury	48,242,831	2,204,800
Barbara M. Baumann	48,436,871	2,010,760
Jameson A. Baxter	48,398,108	2,049,523
Charles B. Curtis	48,422,411	2,025,220
Robert J. Darretta	48,472,179	1,975,452
Katinka Domotorffy	48,393,964	2,053,667
Paul L. Joskow	48,497,721	1,949,910
Kenneth R. Leibler	48,522,237	1,925,394
George Putnam, III	48,447,289	2,000,341
Robert L. Reynolds	48,481,832	1,965,799
W. Thomas Stephens	48,455,458	1,992,173
A quorum was not present with respect to the matter of electing two Trustees to be voted on by the preferred shareholders voting as a separate class. As a result, in accordance with the fund’s Declaration of Trust and Bylaws, independent fund Trustees John A. Hill and Robert E. Patterson remain in office and continue to serve as Trustees.

56     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Shareholder meeting results (Unaudited) (Continued)

June 24, 2014 meeting
At the meeting a proposal to authorize the Trustees to amend and restate the fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust to revise the quorum requirement for shareholder meetings, with respect to which the April 25, 2014 meeting had been adjourned, was approved as follows:
Votes for	Votes against	Abstentions
29,735,084	5,633,887	988,160
At the meeting, a proposal to authorize the Trustees to amend and restate the fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust   to make other changes, with respect to which the April 25, 2014 meeting had been adjourned, was  approved as follows:
Votes for	Votes against	Abstentions
32,075,750	2,933,340	1,348,037
At the meeting, a proposal to authorize the Trustees to amend the fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust to eliminate  certain mandatory shareholder votes on converting the fund to an open-ended investment company, with respect to which the April 25, 2014 meeting had been adjourned, was  not approved as follows:
Votes for	Votes against	Abstentions
27,391,330	7,743,115	1,222,682
All tabulations are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     57

About the Trustees

Independent Trustees

Liaquat Ahamed

Born 1952, Trustee since 2012

Principal occupations during past five years: Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World, whose articles on economics have appeared in such publications as the New York Times, Foreign Affairs, and the Financial Times. Director of Aspen Insurance Co., a New York Stock Exchange company, and Chair of the Aspen Board’s Investment Committee. Trustee of the Brookings Institution and Chair of its Investment Committee.

Other directorships: The Rohatyn Group, an emerging-market fund complex that manages money for institutions

Ravi Akhoury

Born 1947, Trustee since 2009

Principal occupations during past five years: Trustee of American India Foundation and of the Rubin Museum. From 1992 to 2007, was Chairman and CEO of MacKay Shields, a multi-product investment management firm.

Other directorships: RAGE Frameworks, Inc., a private software company; English Helper, Inc., a private software company

Barbara M. Baumann

Born 1955, Trustee since 2010

Principal occupations during past five years: President and Owner of Cross Creek Energy Corporation, a strategic consultant to domestic energy firms and direct investor in energy projects. Current Board member of The Denver Foundation. Former Chair and current Board member of Girls Incorporated of Metro Denver. Member of the Finance Committee, the Children’s Hospital of Colorado.

Other directorships: Buckeye Partners, L.P., a publicly traded master limited partnership focused on pipeline transport, storage, and distribution of petroleum products; Devon Energy Corporation, a leading independent natural gas and oil exploration and production company

Jameson A. Baxter

Born 1943, Trustee since 1994, Vice Chair from 2005 to 2011, and Chair since 2011

Principal occupations during past five years: President of Baxter Associates, Inc., a private investment firm. Chair of Mutual Fund Directors Forum. Chair Emeritus of the Board of Trustees of Mount Holyoke College. Director of the Adirondack Land Trust and Trustee of the Nature Conservancy’s Adirondack Chapter.

Charles B. Curtis

Born 1940, Trustee since 2001

Principal occupations during past five years: Senior Advisor to the Center for Strategic and International Studies. President Emeritus and former President and Chief Operating Officer of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, a private foundation dealing with national security issues. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and U.S. State Department International Security Advisory Board.

Robert J. Darretta

Born 1946, Trustee since 2007

Principal occupations during past five years: From 2009 until 2012, served as Health Care Industry Advisor to Permira, a global private equity firm. Until April 2007, was Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Johnson & Johnson. Served as Johnson & Johnson’s Chief Financial Officer for a decade.

Other directorships: UnitedHealth Group, a diversified health-care company

Katinka Domotorffy

Born 1975, Trustee since 2012

Principal occupations during past five years: Voting member of the Investment Committees of the Anne Ray Charitable Trust and Margaret A. Cargill Foundation, part of the Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies. Until 2011, Partner, Chief Investment Officer, and Global Head of Quantitative Investment Strategies at Goldman Sachs Asset Management.

Other directorships: Reach Out and Read of Greater New York, an organization dedicated to promoting childhood literacy

John A. Hill

Born 1942, Trustee since 1985 and Chairman from 2000 to 2011

Principal occupations during past five years: Founder and Vice-Chairman of First Reserve Corporation, the leading private equity buyout firm focused on the worldwide energy industry. Trustee and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Sarah Lawrence College. Member of the Advisory Board of the Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership at The Columbia University Law School.

Other directorships: Devon Energy Corporation, a leading independent natural gas and oil exploration and production company

58     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Paul L. Joskow

Born 1947, Trustee since 1997

Principal occupations during past five years: Economist and President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, a philanthropic institution focused primarily on research and education on issues related to science, technology, and economic performance. Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics, Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Prior to 2007, served as the Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research at MIT.

Other directorships: Yale University; Exelon Corporation, an energy company focused on power services; Boston Symphony Orchestra; Prior to April 2013, served as Director of TransCanada Corporation and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd., energy companies focused on natural gas transmission, oil pipelines and power services

Kenneth R. Leibler

Born 1949, Trustee since 2006

Principal occupations during past five years: Founder and former Chairman of Boston Options Exchange, an electronic marketplace for the trading of derivative securities. Serves on the Board of Trustees of Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Director of Beth Israel Deaconess Care Organization. Until November 2010, director of Ruder Finn Group, a global communications and advertising firm.

Other directorships: Northeast Utilities, which operates New England’s largest energy delivery system

Robert E. Patterson

Born 1945, Trustee since 1984

Principal occupations during past five years: Co-Chairman of Cabot Properties, Inc., a private equity firm investing in commercial real estate, and Chairman of its Investment Committee. Past Chairman and Trustee of the Joslin Diabetes Center.

George Putnam, III

Born 1951, Trustee since 1984

Principal occupations during past five years: Chairman of New Generation Research, Inc., a publisher of financial advisory and other research services. Founder and President of New Generation Advisors, LLC, a registered investment advisor to private funds. Director of The Boston Family Office, LLC, a registered investment advisor.

W. Thomas Stephens

Born 1942, Trustee from 1997 to 2008 and since 2009

Principal occupations during past five years: Retired as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Boise Cascade, LLC, a paper, forest products, and timberland assets company, in December 2008. Prior to 2010, Director of Boise Inc., a manufacturer of paper and packaging products.

Other directorships: TransCanada Pipelines Ltd., an energy infrastructure company

Interested Trustee

Robert L. Reynolds*

Born 1952, Trustee since 2008 and President of the Putnam Funds since 2009

Principal occupations during past five years: President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments since 2008 and, since 2014, President and Chief Executive Officer of Great-West Financial, a financial services company that provides retirement savings plans, life insurance, and annuity and executive benefits products, and of Great-West Lifeco U.S. Inc., a holding company that owns Putnam Investments and Great-West Financial. Prior to joining Putnam Investments, served as Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer of Fidelity Investments from 2000 to 2007.

*Mr. Reynolds is an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund and Putnam Investments. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments, as well as the President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds.

The address of each Trustee is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

As of October 31, 2014, there were 116 Putnam funds. All Trustees serve as Trustees of all Putnam funds.

Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 75, removal, or death.

Managed Municipal Income Trust     59

Officers

In addition to Robert L. Reynolds, the other officers of the fund are shown below:

Jonathan S. Horwitz (Born 1955)

Executive Vice President, Principal Executive Officer, and Compliance Liaison

Since 2004

Steven D. Krichmar (Born 1958)

Vice President and Principal Financial Officer

Since 2002

Chief of Operations, Putnam Investments and Putnam Management

Robert T. Burns (Born 1961)

Vice President and Chief Legal Officer

Since 2011

General Counsel, Putnam Investments, Putnam Management, and Putnam Retail Management

Robert R. Leveille (Born 1969)

Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer

Since 2007

Chief Compliance Officer, Putnam Investments, Putnam Management, and Putnam Retail Management

Michael J. Higgins (Born 1976)

Vice President, Treasurer, and Clerk

Since 2010

Manager of Finance, Dunkin’ Brands (2008–2010); Senior Financial Analyst, Old Mutual Asset Management (2007–2008); Senior Financial Analyst, Putnam Investments (1999–2007)

Janet C. Smith (Born 1965)

Vice President, Principal Accounting Officer, and Assistant Treasurer

Since 2007

Director of Fund Administration Services, Putnam Investments and Putnam Management

Susan G. Malloy (Born 1957)

Vice President and Assistant Treasurer

Since 2007

Director of Accounting & Control Services, Putnam Investments and Putnam Management

James P. Pappas (Born 1953)

Vice President

Since 2004

Director of Trustee Relations, Putnam Investments and Putnam Management

Mark C. Trenchard (Born 1962)

Vice President and BSA Compliance Officer

Since 2002

Director of Operational Compliance, Putnam Investments and Putnam Retail Management

Nancy E. Florek (Born 1957)

Vice President, Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate Governance, Assistant Clerk, and Associate Treasurer

Since 2000

The principal occupations of the officers for the past five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers. The address of each officer is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

60     Managed Municipal Income Trust

Fund information

Founded over 75 years ago, Putnam Investments was built around the concept that a balance between risk and reward is the hallmark of a well-rounded financial program. We manage over 100 funds across income, value, blend, growth, asset allocation, absolute return, and global sector categories.

Investment Manager

Putnam Investment
Management, LLC
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109

Investment Sub-Manager

Putnam Investments Limited
57–59 St James’s Street
London, England SW1A 1LD

Marketing Services

Putnam Retail Management
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109

Custodian

State Street Bank
and Trust Company

Legal Counsel

Ropes & Gray LLP

Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm

KPMG LLP

Trustees

Jameson A. Baxter, Chair
Liaquat Ahamed
Ravi Akhoury
Barbara M. Baumann
Charles B. Curtis
Robert J. Darretta
Katinka Domotorffy
John A. Hill
Paul L. Joskow
Kenneth R. Leibler
Robert E. Patterson
George Putnam, III
Robert L. Reynolds
W. Thomas Stephens

Officers

Robert L. Reynolds
President

Jonathan S. Horwitz
Executive Vice President,
Principal Executive Officer, and
Compliance Liaison

Steven D. Krichmar
Vice President and
Principal Financial Officer

Robert T. Burns
Vice President and
Chief Legal Officer

Robert R. Leveille
Vice President and
Chief Compliance Officer

Michael J. Higgins
Vice President, Treasurer,
and Clerk

Janet C. Smith
Vice President,
Principal Accounting Officer,
and Assistant Treasurer

Susan G. Malloy
Vice President and
Assistant Treasurer

James P. Pappas
Vice President

Mark C. Trenchard
Vice President and
BSA Compliance Officer

Nancy E. Florek
Vice President, Director of
Proxy Voting and Corporate
Governance, Assistant Clerk,
and Associate Treasurer

Call 1-800-225-1581 Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or visit putnam.com anytime for up-to-date information about the fund’s NAV.

Item 2. Code of Ethics:

(a) The Fund’s principal executive, financial and accounting officers are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Fund’s investment manager. As such they are subject to a comprehensive Code of Ethics adopted and administered by Putnam Investments which is designed to protect the interests of the firm and its clients. The Fund has adopted a Code of Ethics which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments with respect to all of its officers and Trustees who are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC. For this reason, the Fund has not adopted a separate code of ethics governing its principal executive, financial and accounting officers.

(c) In July 2013, the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investment Management, LLC was amended. The changes to the Code of Ethics were as follows: (i) eliminating the requirement for employees to hold their shares of Putnam mutual funds for specified periods of time, (ii) removing the requirement to preclear transactions in certain kinds of exchange-traded funds and exchange-traded notes, although reporting of all such instruments remains required; (iii) eliminating the excessive trading rule related to employee transactions in securities requiring preclearance under the Code; (iv) adding provisions related to monitoring of employee trading; (v) changing from a set number of shares to a set dollar value of stock of mid- and large-cap companies on the Restricted List that can be purchased or sold; (vi) adding a requirement starting in March 2014 for employees to generally use certain approved brokers that provide Putnam with an electronic feed of transactions and statements for their personal brokerage accounts; and (vii) certain other changes.

Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:

The Funds’ Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised solely of Trustees who are “independent” (as such term has been defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in regulations implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the “Regulations”)). The Trustees believe that each of the members of the Audit and Compliance Committee also possess a combination of knowledge and experience with respect to financial accounting matters, as well as other attributes, that qualify them for service on the Committee. In addition, the Trustees have determined that each of Mr. Leibler, Mr. Hill, Mr. Darretta, and Ms. Baumann qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term has been defined by the Regulations) based on their review of his or her pertinent experience and education. The SEC has stated, and the funds’ amended and restated agreement and Declaration of Trust provides, that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert pursuant to this Item 3 of Form N-CSR does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Audit and Compliance Committee and the Board of Trustees in the absence of such designation or identification.

Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:

The following table presents fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for services rendered to the fund by the fund’s independent auditor:

Fiscal year ended	Audit Fees	Audit-Related Fees	Tax Fees	All Other Fees
October 31, 2014	$71,395	$28,375	$6,590	$ —
October 31, 2013	$70,041	$27,675	$6,458	$ —

For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2014 and October 31, 2013, the fund’s independent auditor billed aggregate non-audit fees in the amounts of $34,965 and $34,133 respectively, to the fund, Putnam Management and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Putnam Management that provides ongoing services to the fund.

Audit Fees represent fees billed for the fund’s last two fiscal years relating to the audit and review of the financial statements included in annual reports and registration statements, and other services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for services traditionally performed by the fund’s auditor, including accounting consultation for proposed transactions or concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and other audit or attest services not required by statute or regulation.

Tax Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice services. Tax planning and tax advice services include assistance with tax audits, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities.

Pre-Approval Policies of the Audit and Compliance Committee. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Putnam funds has determined that, as a matter of policy, all work performed for the funds by the funds’ independent auditors will be pre-approved by the Committee itself and thus will generally not be subject to pre-approval procedures.

The Audit and Compliance Committee also has adopted a policy to pre-approve the engagement by Putnam Management and certain of its affiliates of the funds’ independent auditors, even in circumstances where pre-approval is not required by applicable law. Any such requests by Putnam Management or certain of its affiliates are typically submitted in writing to the Committee and explain, among other things, the nature of the proposed engagement, the estimated fees, and why this work should be performed by that particular audit firm as opposed to another one. In reviewing such requests, the Committee considers, among other things, whether the provision of such services by the audit firm are compatible with the independence of the audit firm.

The following table presents fees billed by the fund’s independent auditor for services required to be approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Fiscal year ended	Audit-Related Fees	Tax Fees	All Other Fees	Total Non-Audit Fees
October 31, 2014	$ —	$ —	$ —	$ —
October 31, 2013	$ —	$ —	$ —	$ —

Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants

(a) The fund has a separately-designated Audit and Compliance Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the fund’s Board of Trustees is composed of the following persons:

Kenneth R. Leibler (Chairperson)

Robert J. Darretta

John A. Hill

Barbara M. Baumann

Charles B. Curtis

Katinka Domotorffy

(b) Not applicable

Item 6. Schedule of Investments:

The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.

Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:

Proxy voting guidelines of the Putnam funds

The proxy voting guidelines below summarize the funds’ positions on various issues of concern to investors, and give a general indication of how fund portfolio securities will be voted on proposals dealing with particular issues. The funds’ proxy voting service is instructed to vote all proxies relating to fund portfolio securities in accordance with these guidelines, except as otherwise instructed by the Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate Governance (“Proxy Voting Director”), a member of the Office of the Trustees who is appointed to assist in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies.

The proxy voting guidelines are just that – guidelines. The guidelines are not exhaustive and do not address all potential voting issues. Because the circumstances of individual companies are so varied, there may be instances when the funds do not vote in strict adherence to these guidelines. For example, the proxy voting service is expected to bring to the Proxy Voting Director’s attention proxy questions that are company-specific and of a non-routine nature and that, even if covered by the guidelines, may be more appropriately handled on a case-by-case basis.

Similarly, Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as part of their ongoing review and analysis of all fund portfolio holdings, are responsible for monitoring significant corporate developments, including proxy proposals submitted to shareholders, and notifying the Proxy Voting Director of circumstances where the interests of fund shareholders may warrant a vote contrary to these guidelines. In such instances, the investment professionals submit a written recommendation to the Proxy Voting Director and the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items under the funds’ “Proxy Voting Procedures.” The Proxy Voting Director, in consultation with a senior member of the Office of the Trustees and/or the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, as appropriate, will determine how the funds’ proxies will be voted. When indicated, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee may consult with other members of the Committee or the full Board of Trustees.

The following guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals submitted by management and approved and recommended by a company’s board of directors. Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders. Part III addresses unique considerations pertaining to non-U.S. issuers.

The Trustees of the Putnam funds are committed to promoting strong corporate governance practices and encouraging corporate actions that enhance shareholder value through the judicious voting of the funds’ proxies. It is the funds’ policy to vote their proxies at all shareholder meetings where it is practicable to do so. In furtherance of this, the funds’ have requested that their securities lending agent recall each domestic issuer’s voting securities that are on loan, in advance of the record date for the issuer’s shareholder meetings, so that the funds may vote at the meetings.

The Putnam funds will disclose their proxy votes not later than August 31 of each year for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, in accordance with the timetable established by SEC rules.

I.  BOARD-APPROVED PROPOSALS

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself (sometimes referred to as “management proposals”), which have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies and of the funds’ intent to hold corporate boards accountable for their actions in promoting shareholder interests, the funds’ proxies generally will be voted for the decisions reached by majority independent boards of directors, except as otherwise indicated in these guidelines. Accordingly, the funds’ proxies will be voted for board-approved proposals, except as follows:

Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Uncontested Election of Directors

The funds’ proxies will be voted for the election of a company’s nominees for the board of directors, except as follows:

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• the board does not have a majority of independent directors,

• the board has not established independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees,

• the board has more than 19 members or fewer than five members, absent special circumstances,

• the board has not acted to implement a policy requested in a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares of the company cast at its previous two annual meetings, or

• the board has adopted or renewed a shareholder rights plan (commonly referred to as a “poison pill”) without shareholder approval during the current or prior calendar year.

► The funds will on a case-by-case basis withhold votes from the entire board of directors, or from particular directors as may be appropriate, if the board has approved compensation arrangements for one or more company executives that the funds determine are unreasonably excessive relative to the company’s performance or has otherwise failed to observe good corporate governance practices.

► The funds will withhold votes from any nominee for director:

• who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation within the last three years from the company other than for service as a director (e.g., investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees),

• who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for the absences (e.g., illness, personal emergency, etc.),

• of a public company (Company A) who is employed as a senior executive of another company (Company B), if a director of Company B serves as a senior executive of Company A (commonly referred to as an “interlocking directorate”), or

• who serves on more than five unaffiliated public company boards (for the purpose of this guideline, boards of affiliated registered investment companies will count as one board).

Commentary:

Board independence: Unless otherwise indicated, for the purposes of determining whether a board has a majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees, an “independent director” is a director who (1) meets all requirements to serve as an independent director of a company under the NYSE Corporate Governance Rules (e.g., no material business relationships with the company and no present or recent employment relationship with the company including employment of an immediate family member as an executive officer), and (2) has not within the last three years accepted directly or indirectly any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the company other than in his or her capacity as a member of the board of directors or any board committee. The funds’ Trustees believe that the recent (i.e., within the last three years) receipt of any amount of compensation for services other than service as a director raises significant independence issues.

Board size: The funds’ Trustees believe that the size of the board of directors can have a direct impact on the ability of the board to govern effectively. Boards that have too many members can be unwieldy and ultimately inhibit their ability to oversee management performance. Boards that have too few members can stifle innovation and lead to excessive influence by management.

Time commitment: Being a director of a company requires a significant time commitment to adequately prepare for and attend the company’s board and committee meetings. Directors must be able to commit the time and attention necessary to perform their fiduciary duties in proper fashion, particularly in times of crisis. The funds’ Trustees are concerned about over-committed directors. In some cases, directors may serve on too many boards to make a meaningful contribution. This may be particularly true for senior executives of public companies (or other directors with substantially full-time employment) who serve on more than a few outside boards. The funds may withhold votes from such directors on a case-by-case basis where it appears that they may be unable to discharge their duties properly because of excessive commitments.

Interlocking directorships: The funds’ Trustees believe that interlocking directorships are inconsistent with the degree of independence required for outside directors of public companies.

Corporate governance practices: Board independence depends not only on its members’ individual relationships, but also on the board’s overall attitude toward management. Independent boards are committed to good corporate governance practices and, by providing objective independent judgment, enhancing shareholder value. The funds may withhold votes on a case-by-case basis from some or all directors who, through their lack of independence or otherwise, have failed to observe good corporate governance practices or, through specific corporate action, have demonstrated a disregard for the interests of shareholders. Such instances may include cases where a board of directors has approved compensation arrangements for one or more members of management that, in the judgment of the funds’ Trustees, are excessive by reasonable corporate standards relative to the company’s record of performance. It may also represent a disregard for the interests of shareholders if a board of directors fails to register an appropriate response when a director who fails to win the support of a majority of shareholders in an election (sometimes referred to as a “rejected director”) continues to serve on the board. While the Trustees recognize that it may in some circumstances be appropriate for a rejected director to continue his or her service on the board, steps should be taken to address the concerns reflected by the shareholders’ lack of support for the rejected director.

Contested Elections of Directors

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

Classified Boards

► The funds will vote against proposals to classify a board, absent special circumstances indicating that shareholder interests would be better served by this structure.

Commentary:  Under a typical classified board structure, the directors are divided into three classes, with each class serving a three-year term. The classified board structure results in directors serving staggered terms, with usually only a third of the directors up for re-election at any given annual meeting. The funds’ Trustees generally believe that it is appropriate for directors to stand for election each year, but recognize that, in special circumstances, shareholder interests may be better served under a classified board structure.

Other Board-Related Proposals

The funds will generally vote for proposals that have been approved by a majority independent board, and on a case-by-case basis on proposals that have been approved by a board that fails to meet the guidelines’ basic independence standards (i.e., majority of independent directors and independent nominating, audit, and compensation committees).

Executive Compensation

The funds generally favor compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

► Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of 1.67% or less (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

► The funds will vote against stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67% (based on the disclosed term of the plan and including all equity-based plans).

► The funds will vote against any stock option or restricted stock plan where the company’s actual grants of stock options and restricted stock under all equity-based compensation plans during the prior three (3) fiscal years have resulted in an average annual dilution of greater than 1.67%.

► The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit the replacing or repricing of underwater options (and against any proposal to authorize a replacement or repricing of underwater options).

► The funds will vote against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.

► Except where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, the funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value; (2) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (3) dilution is 10% or less.

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve a company’s executive compensation program (i.e., “say on pay” proposals in which the company’s board proposes that shareholders indicate their support for the company’s compensation philosophy, policies, and practices), except that the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis if the company is assigned to the lowest category, through independent third party benchmarking performed by the funds’ proxy voting service, for the correlation of the company’s executive compensation program with its performance.

► The funds will vote for bonus plans under which payments are treated as performance-based compensation that is deductible under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, except that the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis if any of the following circumstances exist:

Commentary:  Companies should have compensation programs that are reasonable and that align shareholder and management interests over the longer term. Further, disclosure of compensation programs should provide absolute transparency to shareholders regarding the sources and amounts of, and the factors influencing, executive compensation. Appropriately designed equity-based compensation plans can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management. However, the funds may vote against these or other executive compensation proposals on a case-by-case basis where compensation is excessive by reasonable corporate standards, where a company fails to provide transparent disclosure of executive compensation, or, in some instances, where independent third-party benchmarking indicates that compensation is inadequately correlated with performance, relative to peer companies. (Examples of excessive executive compensation may include, but are not limited to, equity incentive plans that exceed the dilution criteria noted above, excessive perquisites, performance-based compensation programs that do not properly correlate reward and performance, “golden parachutes” or other severance arrangements that present conflicts between management’s interests and the interests of shareholders, and “golden coffins” or unearned death benefits.) In voting on a proposal relating to executive compensation, the funds will consider whether the proposal has been approved by an independent compensation committee of the board.

Capitalization

Many proxy proposals involve changes in a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of additional stock, the issuance of stock, the repurchase of outstanding stock, or the approval of a stock split. The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flow, financing needs, and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of the company. As a result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization, except that where the funds are not otherwise withholding votes from the entire board of directors:

► The funds will vote for proposals relating to the authorization and issuance of additional common stock (except where such proposals relate to a specific transaction).

► The funds will vote for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

► The funds will vote for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

Commentary:  A company may decide to authorize additional shares of common stock for reasons relating to executive compensation or for routine business purposes. For the most part, these decisions are best left to the board of directors and senior management. The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis, however, on other proposals to change a company’s capitalization, including the authorization of common stock with special voting rights, the authorization or issuance of common stock in connection with a specific transaction (e.g., an acquisition, merger or reorganization), or the authorization or issuance of preferred stock. Actions such as these involve a number of considerations that may affect a shareholder’s investment and that warrant a case-by-case determination.

Acquisitions, Mergers, Reincorporations, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Shareholders may be confronted with a number of different types of transactions, including acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations involving business combinations, liquidations, and the sale of all or substantially all of a company’s assets, which may require their consent. Voting on such proposals involves considerations unique to each transaction. As a result, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals to effect these types of transactions, except as follows:

► The funds will vote for mergers and reorganizations involving business combinations designed solely to reincorporate a company in Delaware.

Commentary:  A company may reincorporate into another state through a merger or reorganization by setting up a “shell” company in a different state and then merging the company into the new company. While reincorporation into states with extensive and established corporate laws – notably Delaware – provides companies and shareholders with a more well-defined legal framework, shareholders must carefully consider the reasons for a reincorporation into another jurisdiction, including especially an offshore jurisdiction.

Anti-Takeover Measures

Some proxy proposals involve efforts by management to make it more difficult for an outside party to take control of the company without the approval of the company’s board of directors. These include the adoption of a shareholder rights plan, requiring supermajority voting on particular issues, the adoption of fair price provisions, the issuance of blank check preferred stock, and the creation of a separate class of stock with disparate voting rights. Such proposals may adversely affect shareholder rights, lead to management entrenchment, or create conflicts of interest. As a result, the funds will vote against board-approved proposals to adopt such anti-takeover measures, except as follows:

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans; and

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

Commentary:  The funds’ Trustees recognize that poison pills and fair price provisions may enhance or protect shareholder value under certain circumstances. For instance, where a company has incurred significant operating losses, a shareholder rights plan may be appropriately tailored to protect shareholder value by preserving a company’s net operating losses. Thus, the funds will consider proposals to approve such matters on a case-by-case basis.

Other Business Matters

Many proxies involve approval of routine business matters, such as changing a company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors, and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting. For the most part, these routine matters do not materially affect shareholder interests and are best left to the board of directors and senior management of the company. The funds will vote for board-approved proposals approving such matters, except as follows:

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws (except for charter amendments necessary to effect stock splits, to change a company’s name or to authorize additional shares of common stock).

► The funds will vote against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify the selection of independent auditors if there is evidence that the audit firm’s independence or the integrity of an audit is compromised.

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other business matters where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary:  Charter and bylaw amendments and the transaction of other unidentified, substantive business at a shareholder meeting may directly affect shareholder rights and have a significant impact on shareholder value. As a result, the funds do not view these items as routine business matters. Putnam Management’s investment professionals and the funds’ proxy voting service may also bring to the Proxy Voting Director’s attention company-specific items that they believe to be non-routine and warranting special consideration. Under these circumstances, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis.

The fund’s proxy voting service may identify circumstances that call into question an audit firm’s independence or the integrity of an audit. These circumstances may include recent material restatements of financials, unusual audit fees, egregious contractual relationships, and aggressive accounting policies. The funds will consider proposals to ratify the selection of auditors in these circumstances on a case-by-case basis. In all other cases, given the existence of rules that enhance the independence of audit committees and auditors by, for example, prohibiting auditors from performing a range of non-audit services for audit clients, the funds will vote for the ratification of independent auditors.

II.  SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of the company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. The funds generally will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by someone other than the chief executive officer.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals asking that director nominees receive support from holders of a majority of votes cast or a majority of shares outstanding in order to be (re)elected.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to declassify a board, absent special circumstances which would indicate that shareholder interests are better served by a classified board structure.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority vote requirements in the company’s charter documents.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals to amend a company’s charter documents to permit shareholders to call special meetings, but only if both of the following conditions are met:

• the proposed amendment limits the right to call special meetings to shareholders holding at least 15% of the company’s outstanding shares, and

• applicable state law does not otherwise provide shareholders with the right to call special meetings.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring companies to make cash payments under management severance agreements only if both of the following conditions are met:

• the company undergoes a change in control, and

• the change in control results in the termination of employment for the person receiving the severance payment.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring companies to accelerate vesting of equity awards under management severance agreements only if both of the following conditions are met:

• the company undergoes a change in control, and

• the change in control results in the termination of employment for the person receiving the severance payment.

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals to limit a company’s ability to make excise tax gross-up payments under management severance agreements.

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals requesting that the board adopt a policy to recoup, in the event of a significant restatement of financial results or significant extraordinary write-off, to the fullest extent practicable, for the benefit of the company, all performance-based bonuses or awards that were paid to senior executives based on the company having met or exceeded specific performance targets to the extent that the specific performance targets were not, in fact, met.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals calling for the company to obtain shareholder approval for any future golden coffins or unearned death benefits (payments or awards of unearned salary or bonus, accelerated vesting or the continuation of unvested equity awards, perquisites or other payments or awards in respect of an executive following his or her death), and for shareholder proposals calling for the company to cease providing golden coffins or unearned death benefits.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring a company to report on its executive retirement benefits (e.g., deferred compensation, split-dollar life insurance, SERPs and pension benefits).

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals requiring a company to disclose its relationships with executive compensation consultants (e.g., whether the company, the board or the compensation committee retained the consultant, the types of services provided by the consultant over the past five years, and a list of the consultant’s clients on which any of the company’s executives serve as a director).

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that are consistent with the funds’ proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the funds are otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

Commentary:  The funds’ Trustees believe that effective corporate reforms should be promoted by holding boards of directors – and in particular their independent directors – accountable for their actions, rather than by imposing additional legal restrictions on board governance through piecemeal proposals. As stated above, the funds’ Trustees believe that boards of directors and management are responsible for ensuring that their businesses are operating in accordance with high legal and ethical standards and should be held accountable for resulting corporate behavior. Accordingly, the funds will generally support the recommendations of boards that meet the basic independence and governance standards established in these guidelines. Where boards fail to meet these standards, the funds will generally evaluate shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. The funds will also consider proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by someone other than the company’s chief executive officer on a case-by-case basis, recognizing that in some cases this separation may advance the company’s corporate governance while in other cases it may be less necessary to the sound governance of the company. The funds will take into account the level of independent leadership on a company’s board in evaluating these proposals.

However, the funds generally support shareholder proposals to implement majority voting for directors, observing that majority voting is an emerging standard intended to encourage directors to be attentive to shareholders’ interests. The funds also generally support shareholder proposals to declassify a board, to eliminate supermajority vote requirements, or to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans. The funds’ Trustees believe that these shareholder proposals further the goals of reducing management entrenchment and conflicts of interest, and aligning management’s interests with shareholders’ interests in evaluating proposed acquisitions of the company. The Trustees also believe that shareholder proposals to limit severance payments may further these goals in some instances. In general, the funds favor arrangements in which severance payments are made to an executive only when there is a change in control and the executive loses his or her job as a result. Arrangements in which an executive receives a payment upon a change of control even if the executive retains employment introduce potential conflicts of interest and may distract management focus from the long term success of the company.

In evaluating shareholder proposals that address severance payments, the funds distinguish between cash and equity payments. The funds generally do not favor cash payments to executives upon a change in control transaction if the executive retains employment. However, the funds recognize that accelerated vesting of equity incentives, even without termination of employment, may help to align management and shareholder interests in some instances, and will evaluate shareholder proposals addressing accelerated vesting of equity incentive payments on a case-by-case basis.

When severance payments exceed a certain amount based on the executive’s previous compensation, the payments may be subject to an excise tax. Some compensation arrangements provide for full excise tax gross-ups, which means that the company pays the executive sufficient additional amounts to cover the cost of the excise tax. The funds are concerned that the benefits of providing full excise tax gross-ups to executives may be outweighed by the cost to the company of the gross-up payments. Accordingly, the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals to curtail excise tax gross-up payments. The funds generally favor arrangements in which severance payments do not trigger an excise tax or in which the company’s obligations with respect to gross-up payments are limited in a reasonable manner.

The funds’ Trustees believe that performance-based compensation can be an effective tool for aligning management and shareholder interests. However, to fulfill its purpose, performance compensation should only be paid to executives if the performance targets are actually met. A significant restatement of financial results or a significant extraordinary write-off may reveal that executives who were previously paid performance compensation did not actually deliver the required business performance to earn that compensation. In these circumstances, it may be appropriate for the company to recoup this performance compensation. The funds will consider on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals requesting that the board adopt a policy to recoup, in the event of a significant restatement of financial results or significant extraordinary write-off, performance-based bonuses or awards paid to senior executives based on the company having met or exceeded specific performance targets to the extent that the specific performance targets were not, in fact, met. The funds do not believe that such a policy should necessarily disadvantage a company in recruiting executives, as executives should understand that they are only entitled to performance compensation based on the actual performance they deliver.

The funds’ Trustees disfavor golden coffins or unearned death benefits, and the funds will generally support shareholder proposals to restrict or terminate these practices. The Trustees will also consider whether a company’s overall compensation arrangements, taking all of the pertinent circumstances into account, constitute excessive compensation or otherwise reflect poorly on the corporate governance practices of the company. As the Trustees evaluate these matters, they will be mindful of evolving practices and legislation relevant to executive compensation and corporate governance.

The funds’ Trustees also believe that shareholder proposals that are intended to increase transparency, particularly with respect to executive compensation, without establishing rigid restrictions upon a company’s ability to attract and motivate talented executives, are generally beneficial to sound corporate governance without imposing undue burdens. The funds will generally support shareholder proposals calling for reasonable disclosure.

III.  VOTING SHARES OF NON-U.S. ISSUERS

Many of the Putnam funds invest on a global basis, and, as a result, they may hold, and have an opportunity to vote, shares in non-U.S. issuers – i.e., issuers that are incorporated under the laws of foreign jurisdictions and whose shares are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market.

In many non-U.S. markets, shareholders who vote proxies of a non-U.S. issuer are not able to trade in that company’s stock on or around the shareholder meeting date. This practice is known as “share blocking.” In countries where share blocking is practiced, the funds will vote proxies only with direction from Putnam Management’s investment professionals.

In addition, some non-U.S. markets require that a company’s shares be re-registered out of the name of the local custodian or nominee into the name of the shareholder for the shareholder to be able to vote at the meeting. This practice is known as “share re-registration.” As a result, shareholders, including the funds, are not able to trade in that company’s stock until the shares are re-registered back in the name of the local custodian or nominee following the meeting. In countries where share re-registration is practiced, the funds will generally not vote proxies.

Protection for shareholders of non-U.S. issuers may vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Laws governing non-U.S. issuers may, in some cases, provide substantially less protection for shareholders than do U.S. laws. As a result, the guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for non-U.S. issuers. However, the funds will vote proxies of non-U.S. issuers in accordance with the guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, except as follows:

Uncontested Board Elections

China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors, or

• the board has not established audit, compensation and nominating committees each composed of a majority of independent directors.

Commentary:  Whether a director is considered “independent” or not will be determined by reference to local corporate law or listing standards.

Europe ex-United Kingdom

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• the board has not established audit and compensation committees each composed of a majority of independent, non-executive directors, or

• the board has not established a nominating committee composed of a majority of independent directors.

Commentary:  An “independent director” under the European Commission’s guidelines is one who is free of any business, family or other relationship, with the company, its controlling shareholder or the management of either, that creates a conflict of interest such as to impair his judgment. A “non-executive director” is one who is not engaged in the daily management of the company.

Germany

► For companies subject to “co-determination,” the funds will vote for the election of nominees to the supervisory board, except that the funds will vote on a case-by-case basis for any nominee who is either an employee of the company or who is otherwise affiliated with the company (as determined by the funds’ proxy voting service).

► The funds will withhold votes for the election of a former member of the company’s managerial board to chair of the supervisory board.

Commentary:  German corporate governance is characterized by a two-tier board system — a managerial board composed of the company’s executive officers, and a supervisory board. The supervisory board appoints the members of the managerial board. Shareholders elect members of the supervisory board, except that in the case of companies with a large number of employees, company employees are allowed to elect some of the supervisory board members (one-half of supervisory board members are elected by company employees at companies with more than 2,000 employees; one-third of the supervisory board members are elected by company employees at companies with more than 500 employees but fewer than 2,000). This “co-determination” practice may increase the chances that the supervisory board of a large German company does not contain a majority of independent members. In this situation, under the Fund’s proxy voting guidelines applicable to U.S. issuers, the funds would vote against all nominees. However, in the case of companies subject to “co-determination” and with the goal of supporting independent nominees, the Funds will vote for supervisory board members who are neither employees of the company nor otherwise affiliated with the company.

Consistent with the funds’ belief that the interests of shareholders are best protected by boards with strong, independent leadership, the funds will withhold votes for the election of former chairs of the managerial board to chair of the supervisory board.

Hong Kong

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors, or

• the board has not established audit, compensation and nominating committees each with at least a majority of its members being independent directors, or

• the chair of the audit, compensation or nominating committee is not an independent director.

Commentary. For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director that has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited Section 3.13.

Italy

► The funds will withhold votes from any director not identified in the proxy materials.

Commentary:  In Italy, companies have the right to nominate co-opted directors for election to the board at the next annual general meeting, but do not have to indicate, until the day of the annual meeting, whether or not they are nominating a co-opted director for election. When a company does not explicitly state in its proxy materials that co-opted directors are standing for election, shareholders will not know for sure who the board nominees are until the actual meeting occurs. The funds will withhold support from any such co-opted director on the grounds that there was insufficient information for evaluation before the meeting.

Japan

► For companies that have established a U.S.-style corporate governance structure, the funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• the board does not have a majority of outside directors,

• the board has not established nominating and compensation committees composed of a majority of outside directors, or

• the board has not established an audit committee composed of a majority of independent directors.

► The funds will withhold votes for the appointment of members of a company’s board of statutory auditors if a majority of the members of the board of statutory auditors is not independent.

Commentary:

Board structure: Recent amendments to the Japanese Commercial Code give companies the option to adopt a U.S.-style corporate governance structure (i.e., a board of directors and audit, nominating, and compensation committees). The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s articles of incorporation to adopt the U.S.-style corporate structure.

Definition of outside director and independent director: Corporate governance principles in Japan focus on the distinction between outside directors and independent directors. Under these principles, an outside director is a director who is not and has never been a director, executive, or employee of the company or its parent company, subsidiaries or affiliates. An outside director is “independent” if that person can make decisions completely independent from the managers of the company, its parent, subsidiaries, or affiliates and does not have a material relationship with the company (i.e., major client, trading partner, or other business relationship; familial relationship with current director or executive; etc.). The guidelines have incorporated these definitions in applying the board independence standards above.

Korea

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• fewer than half of the directors are outside directors,

• the board has not established a nominating committee with at least half of the members being outside directors, or

• the board has not established an audit committee composed of at least three members and in which at least two-thirds of its members are outside directors.

► The funds will vote withhold votes from nominees to the audit committee if the board has not established an audit committee composed of (or proposed to be composed of) at least three members, and of which at least two-thirds of its members are (or will be) outside directors.

Commentary:  For purposes of these guidelines, an “outside director” is a director that is independent from the management or controlling shareholders of the company, and holds no interests that might impair the performance his or her duties impartially with respect to the company, management or controlling shareholder. In determining whether a director is an outside director, the funds will also apply the standards included in Article 415-2(2) of the Korean Commercial Code (i.e., no employment relationship with the company for a period of two years before serving on the committee, no director or employment relationship with the company’s largest shareholder, etc.) and may consider other business relationships that would affect the independence of an outside director.

Malaysia

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• in the case of a board with an independent director serving as chair, fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors; or, in the case of a board not chaired by an independent director, less than a majority of the directors are independent directors,

• the board has not established audit and nominating committees with at least a majority of the members being independent directors and all of the members being non-executive directors, or

• the board has not established a compensation committee with at least a majority of the members being non-executive directors.

Commentary. For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director who has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Malaysia Code of Corporate Governance, Commentary to Recommendation 3.1. A “non-executive director” is a director who does not take on primary responsibility for leadership of the company.

Russia

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis for the election of nominees to the board of directors.

Commentary:  In Russia, director elections are typically handled through a cumulative voting process. Cumulative voting allows shareholders to cast all of their votes for a single nominee for the board of directors, or to allocate their votes among nominees in any other way. In contrast, in “regular” voting, shareholders may not give more than one vote per share to any single nominee. Cumulative voting can help to strengthen the ability of minority shareholders to elect a director.

In Russia, as in some other emerging markets, standards of corporate governance are usually behind those in developed markets. Rather than vote against the entire board of directors, as the funds generally would in the case of a company whose board fails to meet the funds’ standards for independence, the funds may, on a case by case basis, cast all of their votes for one or more independent director nominees. The funds believe that it is important to increase the number of independent directors on the boards of Russian companies to mitigate the risks associated with dominant shareholders.

Singapore

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• in the case of a board with an independent director serving as chair, fewer than one-third of the directors are independent directors; or, in the case of a board not chaired by an independent director, fewer than half of the directors are independent directors,

• the board has not established audit and compensation committees, each with an independent director serving as chair, with at least a majority of the members being independent directors, and with all of the directors being non-executive directors, or

• the board has not established a nominating committee, with an independent director serving as chair, and with at least a majority of the members being independent directors.

Commentary:  For purposes of these guidelines, an “independent director” is a director that has no material, financial or other current relationships with the company. In determining whether a director is independent, the funds will apply the standards included in the Singapore Code of Corporate Governance, Guideline 2.3. A “non-executive director” is a director who is not employed with the company.

United Kingdom

► The funds will withhold votes from the entire board of directors if

• fewer than half of the directors are independent non-executive directors,

• the board has not established a nomination committee composed of a majority of independent non-executive directors, or

• the board has not established compensation and audit committees composed of (1) at least three directors (in the case of smaller companies, two directors) and (2) solely independent non-executive directors, provided that, to the extent permitted under the United Kingdom’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance, the company chairman may serve on (but not serve as chairman of) the compensation and audit committees if the chairman was considered independent upon his or her appointment as chairman.

► The funds will withhold votes from any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation within the last three years from the company other than for service as a director, such as investment banking, consulting, legal, or financial advisory fees.

► The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s articles of association to authorize boards to approve situations that might be interpreted to present potential conflicts of interest affecting a director.

Commentary:

Application of guidelines: Although the United Kingdom’s Combined Code on Corporate Governance (“Combined Code”) has adopted the “comply and explain” approach to corporate governance, the funds’ Trustees believe that the guidelines discussed above with respect to board independence standards are integral to the protection of investors in U.K. companies. As a result, these guidelines will generally be applied in a prescriptive manner.

Definition of independence: For the purposes of these guidelines, a non-executive director shall be considered independent if the director meets the independence standards in section A.3.1 of the Combined Code (i.e., no material business or employment relationships with the company, no remuneration from the company for non-board services, no close family ties with senior employees or directors of the company, etc.), except that the funds do not view service on the board for more than nine years as affecting a director’s independence. Company chairmen in the U.K. are generally considered affiliated upon appointment as chairman due to the nature of the position of chairman. Consistent with the Combined Code, a company chairman who was considered independent upon appointment as chairman: may serve as a member of, but not as the chairman of, the compensation (remuneration) committee; and, in the case of smaller companies, may serve as a member of, but not as the chairman of, the audit committee.

Smaller companies: A smaller company is one that is below the FTSE 350 throughout the year immediately prior to the reporting year.

Conflicts of interest: The Companies Act 2006 requires a director to avoid a situation in which he or she has, or can have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or possibly may conflict, with the interests of the company. This broadly written requirement could be construed to prevent a director from becoming a trustee or director of another organization. Provided there are reasonable safeguards, such as the exclusion of the relevant director from deliberations, the funds believe that the board may approve this type of potential conflict of interest in its discretion.

All other jurisdictions

► The funds will vote for supervisory board nominees when the supervisory board meets the funds’ independence standards, otherwise the funds will vote against supervisory board nominees.

Commentary:  Companies in many jurisdictions operate under the oversight of supervisory boards. In the absence of jurisdiction-specific guidelines, the funds will generally hold supervisory boards to the same standards of independence as it applies to boards of directors in the United States.

Contested Board Elections

Italy

► The funds will vote for the management- or board-sponsored slate of nominees if the board meets the funds’ independence standards, and against the management- or board-sponsored slate of nominees if the board does not meet the funds’ independence standards; the funds will not vote on shareholder-proposed slates of nominees.

Commentary:  Contested elections in Italy may involve a variety of competing slates of nominees. In these circumstances, the funds will focus their analysis on the board- or management-sponsored slate.

Corporate Governance

► The funds will vote for proposals to change the size of a board if the board meets the funds’ independence standards, and against proposals to change the size of a board if the board does not meet the funds’ independence standards.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of a company’s directors to be independent of management.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit, and compensation committees.

► The funds will vote for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

Australia

► The funds will vote on a case-by-case basis on board spill resolutions.

Commentary:  The Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Compensation) Bill 2011 provides that, if a company’s remuneration report receives a “no” vote of 25% or more of all votes cast at two consecutive annual general meetings, at the second annual general meeting, a spill resolution must be proposed. If the spill resolution is approved (by simple majority), then a further meeting to elect a new board (excluding the managing director) must be held within 90 days. The funds will consider board spill resolutions on a case-by-case basis.

Europe

► The funds will vote for proposals to ratify board acts, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Taiwan

► The funds will vote against proposals to release directors from their non-competition obligations (their obligations not to engage in any business that is competitive with the company), unless the proposal is narrowly drafted to permit directors to engage in a business that is competitive with the company only on behalf of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company.

Compensation

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve annual directors’ fees, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis in each case in which the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against such a proposal.

► The funds will vote for non-binding proposals to approve remuneration reports, except that the funds will vote against proposals to approve remuneration reports that indicate that awards under a long-term incentive plan are not linked to performance targets.

Commentary:  Since proposals relating to directors’ fees for non-U.S. issuers generally address relatively modest fees paid to non-executive directors, the funds generally support these proposals, provided that the fees are consistent with directors’ fees paid by the company’s peers and do not otherwise appear unwarranted. Consistent with the approach taken for U.S. issuers, the funds generally favor compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance and will support non-binding remuneration reports unless such a correlation is not made.

Europe and Asia ex-Japan

► In the case of proposals that do not include sufficient information for determining average annual dilution, the funds will will vote for stock option and restricted stock plans that will result in an average gross potential dilution of 5% or less.

Commentary:  Asia ex-Japan means China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. In these markets, companies may not disclose the life of the plan and there may not be a specific number of shares requested; therefore, it may not be possible to determine the average annual dilution related to the plan and apply the funds’ standard dilution test.

France

► The funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan or share save scheme that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 70% of their market value; (2) the vesting period is greater than or equal to 10 years; (3) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (4) dilution is 10% or less.

Commentary:  To conform to local market practice, the funds support plans or schemes at French issuers that permit the purchase of shares at up to a 30% discount (i.e., shares may be purchased for no less than 70% of their market value). By comparison, for U.S. issuers, the funds do not support employee stock purchase plans that permit shares to be acquired at more than a 15% discount (i.e., for less than 85% of their market value); in the United Kingdom, up to a 20% discount is permitted.

United Kingdom

► The funds will vote for an employee stock purchase plan or share save scheme that has the following features: (1) the shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 80% of their market value; (2) the offering period under the plan is 27 months or less; and (3) dilution is 10% or less.

Commentary:  These are the same features that the funds require of employee stock purchase plans proposed by U.S. issuers, except that, to conform to local market practice, the funds support plans or schemes at United Kingdom issuers that permit the purchase of shares at up to a 20% discount (i.e., shares may be purchased for no less than 80% of their market value). By comparison, for U.S. issuers, the funds do not support employee stock purchase plans that permit shares to be acquired at more than a 15% discount (i.e., for less than 85% of their market value).

Capitalization

► The funds will vote for proposals

• to issue additional common stock representing up to 20% of the company’s outstanding common stock, where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or

• to issue additional common stock representing up to 100% of the company’s outstanding common stock, where shareholders do have preemptive rights.

► The funds will vote for proposals to authorize share repurchase programs that are recommended for approval by the funds’ proxy voting service; otherwise, the funds will vote against such proposals.

Australia

► The funds will vote for proposals to carve out, from the general cap on non-pro rata share issues of 15% of total equity in a rolling 12-month period, a particular proposed issue of shares or a particular issue of shares made previously within the 12-month period, if the company’s board meets the funds’ independence standards; if the company’s board does not meet the funds’ independence standards, then the funds will vote against these proposals.

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve the grant of equity awards to directors, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

China

► The funds will vote for proposals to issue and/or to trade in non-convertible, convertible and/or exchangeable debt obligations, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Hong Kong

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve a general mandate permitting the company to engage in non-pro rata share issues of up to 20% of total equity in a year if the company’s board meets the funds’ independence standards; if the company’s board does not meet the funds’ independence standards, then the funds will vote against these proposals.

► The funds will for proposals to approve the reissuance of shares acquired by the company under a share repurchase program, provided that: (1) the funds supported (or would have supported, in accordance with these guidelines) the share repurchase program, (2) the reissued shares represent no more than 10% of the company’s outstanding shares (measured immediately before the reissuance), and (3) the reissued shares are sold for no less than 85% of current market value.

France

► The funds will vote for proposals to increase authorized shares, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

New Zealand

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve the grant of equity awards to directors, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Commentary:  In light of the prevalence of certain types of capitalization proposals in Australia, China, Hong Kong, France and New Zealand, the funds have adopted guidelines specific to those jurisdictions.

Other Business Matters

► The funds will vote for proposals permitting companies to deliver reports and other materials electronically (e.g., via website posting).

► The funds will vote for proposals permitting companies to issue regulatory reports in English.

► The funds will vote against proposals to shorten shareholder meeting notice periods to fourteen days.

Commentary:  Under Directive 2007/36/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, companies have the option to request shareholder approval to set the notice period for special meetings at 14 days provided that certain electronic voting and communication requirements are met. The funds believe that the 14 day notice period is too short to provide overseas shareholders with sufficient time to analyze proposals and to participate meaningfully at special meetings and, as a result, have determined to vote against such proposals.

► The funds will vote for proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Commentary:  If the substance of any proposed amendment is covered by a specific guideline included herein, then that guideline will govern.

France

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve a company’s related party transactions, except that the funds will consider these proposals on a case-by-case basis if the funds’ proxy voting service has recommended a vote against the proposal.

Commentary:  In France, shareholders are generally requested to approve any agreement between the company and: (i) its directors, chair of the board, CEO and deputy CEOs; (ii) the members of the supervisory board and management board, for companies with a dual structure; and (iii) a shareholder who directly or indirectly owns at least 10% of the company’s voting rights. This includes agreements under which compensation may be paid to executive officers after the end of their employment, such as severance payments, supplementary retirement plans and non-competition agreements. The funds will generally support these proposals unless the funds’ proxy voting service recommends a vote against, in which case the funds will consider the proposal on a case-by-case basis.

Germany

► The funds will vote in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on shareholder countermotions added to a company’s meeting agenda, unless the countermotion is directly addressed by one of the funds’ other guidelines.

Commentary:  In Germany, shareholders are able to add both proposals and countermotions to a meeting agenda. Countermotions, which must correspond to a proposal on the agenda, generally call for shareholders to oppose the existing proposal, although they may also propose separate voting decisions. Countermotions may be proposed by any shareholder and they are typically added throughout the period between the publication of the meeting agenda and the meeting date. This guideline reflects the funds’ intention to focus on the original proposal, which is expected to be presented a reasonable period of time before the shareholder meeting so that the funds will have an appropriate opportunity to evaluate it.

► The funds will vote for proposals to approve profit-and-loss transfer agreements between a controlling company and its subsidiaries.

Commentary:  These agreements are customary in Germany and are typically entered into for tax purposes. In light of this and the prevalence of these proposals, the funds have adopted a guideline to vote for this type of proposal.

Taiwan

► The funds will vote for proposals to amend a Taiwanese company’s procedural rules.

Commentary:  Since procedural rules, which address such matters as a company’s policies with respect to capital loans, endorsements and guarantees, and acquisitions and disposal of assets, are generally adopted or amended to conform to changes in local regulations governing these transactions, the funds have adopted a guideline to vote for these transactions.

As adopted January 24, 2014

Proxy voting procedures of the Putnam funds

The proxy voting procedures below explain the role of the funds’ Trustees, proxy voting service and Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate Governance (“Proxy Voting Director”), as well as how the process will work when a proxy question needs to be handled on a case-by-case basis, or when there may be a conflict of interest.

The role of the funds’ Trustees

The Trustees of the Putnam funds exercise control of the voting of proxies through their Board Policy and Nominating Committee, which is composed entirely of independent Trustees. The Board Policy and Nominating Committee oversees the proxy voting process and participates, as needed, in the resolution of issues that need to be handled on a case-by-case basis. The Committee annually reviews and recommends, for Trustee approval, guidelines governing the funds’ proxy votes, including how the funds vote on specific proposals and which matters are to be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Trustees are assisted in this process by their independent administrative staff (“Office of the Trustees”), independent legal counsel, and an independent proxy voting service. The Trustees also receive assistance from Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”), the funds’ investment advisor, on matters involving investment judgments. In all cases, the ultimate decision on voting proxies rests with the Trustees, acting as fiduciaries on behalf of the shareholders of the funds.

The role of the proxy voting service

The funds have engaged an independent proxy voting service to assist in the voting of proxies. The proxy voting service is responsible for coordinating with the funds’ custodian(s) to ensure that all proxy materials received by the custodians relating to the funds’ portfolio securities are processed in a timely fashion. To the extent applicable, the proxy voting service votes all proxies in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines established by the Trustees. The proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Voting Director for instructions under circumstances where: (1) the application of the proxy voting guidelines is unclear; (2) a particular proxy question is not covered by the guidelines; or (3) the guidelines call for specific instructions on a case-by-case basis. The proxy voting service is also requested to call to the attention of the Proxy Voting Director specific proxy questions that, while governed by a guideline, appear to involve unusual or controversial issues. The funds also utilize research services relating to proxy questions provided by the proxy voting service and by other firms.

The role of the Proxy Voting Director

The Proxy Voting Director, a member of the Office of the Trustees, assists in the coordination and voting of the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Voting Director will deal directly with the proxy voting service and, in the case of proxy questions referred by the proxy voting service, will solicit voting recommendations and instructions from the Office of the Trustees, the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, and Putnam Management’s investment professionals, as appropriate. The Proxy Voting Director is responsible for ensuring that these questions and referrals are responded to in a timely fashion and for transmitting appropriate voting instructions to the proxy voting service. In addition, the Proxy Voting Director is the contact person for receiving recommendations from Putnam Management’s investment professionals with respect to any proxy question in circumstances where the investment professional believes that the interests of fund shareholders warrant a vote contrary to the fund’s proxy voting guidelines.

On occasion, representatives of a company in which the funds have an investment may wish to meet with the company’s shareholders in advance of the company’s shareholder meeting, typically to explain and to provide the company’s perspective on the proposals up for consideration at the meeting. As a general matter, the Proxy Voting Director will participate in meetings with these company representatives.

Voting procedures for referral items

As discussed above, the proxy voting service will refer proxy questions to the Proxy Voting Director under certain circumstances. Unless the referred proxy question involves investment considerations (i.e., the proxy question might be seen as having a bearing on the economic interests of a shareholder in the company), the Proxy Voting Director will assist in interpreting the guidelines and, if necessary, consult with a senior staff member of the Office of the Trustees and/or the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee on how the funds’ shares will be voted.

For referred proxy questions that involve investment considerations, the Proxy Voting Director will refer such questions, through an electronic request form, to Putnam Management’s investment professionals for a voting recommendation. Such referrals will be made in cooperation with the person or persons designated by Putnam Management’s Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing such referral items. In connection with each item referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals, the Legal and Compliance Department will conduct a conflicts of interest review, as described below under “Conflicts of interest,” and provide electronically a conflicts of interest report (the “Conflicts Report”) to the Proxy Voting Director describing the results of such review. After receiving a referral item from the Proxy Voting Director, Putnam Management’s investment professionals will provide a recommendation electronically to the Proxy Voting Director and the person or persons designated by the Legal and Compliance Department to assist in processing referral items. Such recommendation will set forth (1) how the proxies should be voted; and (2) any contacts the investment professionals have had with respect to the referral item with non-investment personnel of Putnam Management or with outside parties (except for routine communications from proxy solicitors). The Proxy Voting Director will review the recommendation of Putnam Management’s investment professionals (and the related Conflicts Report) in determining how to vote the funds’ proxies. The Proxy Voting Director will maintain a record of all proxy questions that have been referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals, the voting recommendation, and the Conflicts Report.

In some situations, the Proxy Voting Director may determine that a particular proxy question raises policy issues requiring consultation with the Chair of the Board Policy and Nominating Committee, who, in turn, may decide to bring the particular proxy question to the Committee or the full Board of Trustees for consideration.

Conflicts of interest

Occasions may arise where a person or organization involved in the proxy voting process may have a conflict of interest. A conflict of interest may exist, for example, if Putnam Management has a business relationship with (or is actively soliciting business from) either the company soliciting the proxy or a third party that has a material interest in the outcome of a proxy vote or that is actively lobbying for a particular outcome of a proxy vote. Any individual with knowledge of a personal conflict of interest (e.g., familial relationship with company management) relating to a particular referral item shall disclose that conflict to the Proxy Voting Director and the Legal and Compliance Department and otherwise remove himself or herself from the proxy voting process. The Legal and Compliance Department will review each item referred to Putnam Management’s investment professionals to determine if a conflict of interest exists and will provide the Proxy Voting Director with a Conflicts Report for each referral item that (1) describes any conflict of interest; (2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside Putnam Management (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the referral item not otherwise reported in an investment professional’s recommendation. The Conflicts Report will also include written confirmation that any recommendation from an investment professional provided under circumstances where a conflict of interest exists was made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration.

As adopted March 11, 2005 and revised June 12, 2009 and January 24, 2014.

Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies

(a)(1) Portfolio Managers. The officers of Putnam Management identified below are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund’s portfolio as of the filing date of this report.

Portfolio Managers	Joined Fund	Employer	Positions Over Past Five Years
Paul Drury	2002	Putnam Management 1989 – Present	Portfolio Manager, Previously, Tax Exempt Specialist
Susan McCormack	2002	Putnam Management 1994 – Present	Portfolio Manager, Previously, Tax Exempt Specialist
Thalia Meehan	2006	Putnam Management 1989 – Present	Portfolio Manager, Previously, Team Leader of Tax Exempt Group

(a)(2) Other Accounts Managed by the Fund’s Portfolio Managers.

The following table shows the number and approximate assets of other investment accounts (or portions of investment accounts) that the fund’s Portfolio Managers managed as of the fund’s most recent fiscal year-end. Unless noted, none of the other accounts pays a fee based on the account’s performance.

Portfolio Leader or Member	Other SEC-registered open-end and closed-end funds		Other accounts that pool assets from more than one client		Other accounts (including separate accounts, managed account programs and single-sponsor defined contribution plan offerings)
	Number of accounts	Assets	Number of accounts	Assets	Number of accounts	Assets
Paul Drury	15	$6,656,300,000	0	$ —	0	$0
Susan McCormack	15	$6,656,300,000	0	$ —	0	$1,500,000
Thalia Meehan	15	$6,656,300,000	0	$ —	0	$700,000

Potential conflicts of interest in managing multiple accounts. Like other investment professionals with multiple clients, the fund’s Portfolio Managers may face certain potential conflicts of interest in connection with managing both the fund and the other accounts listed under “Other Accounts Managed by the Fund’s Portfolio Managers” at the same time. The paragraphs below describe some of these potential conflicts, which Putnam Management believes are faced by investment professionals at most major financial firms. As described below, Putnam Management and the Trustees of the Putnam funds have adopted compliance policies and procedures that attempt to address certain of these potential conflicts.

The management of accounts with different advisory fee rates and/or fee structures, including accounts that pay advisory fees based on account performance (“performance fee accounts”), may raise potential conflicts of interest by creating an incentive to favor higher-fee accounts. These potential conflicts may include, among others:

• The most attractive investments could be allocated to higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts.

• The trading of higher-fee accounts could be favored as to timing and/or execution price. For example, higher-fee accounts could be permitted to sell securities earlier than other accounts when a prompt sale is desirable or to buy securities at an earlier and more opportune time.

• The trading of other accounts could be used to benefit higher-fee accounts (front- running).

• The investment management team could focus their time and efforts primarily on higher-fee accounts due to a personal stake in compensation.

Putnam Management attempts to address these potential conflicts of interest relating to higher-fee accounts through various compliance policies that are generally intended to place all accounts, regardless of fee structure, on the same footing for investment management purposes. For example, under Putnam Management’s policies:

• Performance fee accounts must be included in all standard trading and allocation procedures with all other accounts.

• All accounts must be allocated to a specific category of account and trade in parallel with allocations of similar accounts based on the procedures generally applicable to all accounts in those groups (e.g., based on relative risk budgets of accounts).

• All trading must be effected through Putnam’s trading desks and normal queues and procedures must be followed (i.e., no special treatment is permitted for performance fee accounts or higher-fee accounts based on account fee structure).

• Front running is strictly prohibited.

• The fund’s Portfolio Manager(s) may not be guaranteed or specifically allocated any portion of a performance fee.

As part of these policies, Putnam Management has also implemented trade oversight and review procedures in order to monitor whether particular accounts (including higher-fee accounts or performance fee accounts) are being favored over time.

Potential conflicts of interest may also arise when the Portfolio Manager(s) have personal investments in other accounts that may create an incentive to favor those accounts. As a general matter and subject to limited exceptions, Putnam Management’s investment professionals do not have the opportunity to invest in client accounts, other than the Putnam funds. However, in the ordinary course of business, Putnam Management or related persons may from time to time establish “pilot” or “incubator” funds for the purpose of testing proposed investment strategies and products prior to offering them to clients. These pilot accounts may be in the form of registered investment companies, private funds such as partnerships or separate accounts established by Putnam Management or an affiliate. Putnam Management or an affiliate supplies the funding for these accounts. Putnam employees, including the fund’s Portfolio Manager(s), may also invest in certain pilot accounts. Putnam Management, and to the extent applicable, the Portfolio Manager(s) will benefit from the favorable investment performance of those funds and accounts. Pilot funds and accounts may, and frequently do, invest in the same securities as the client accounts. Putnam Management’s policy is to treat pilot accounts in the same manner as client accounts for purposes of trading allocation – neither favoring nor disfavoring them except as is legally required. For example, pilot accounts are normally included in Putnam Management’s daily block trades to the same extent as client accounts (except that pilot accounts do not participate in initial public offerings).

A potential conflict of interest may arise when the fund and other accounts purchase or sell the same securities. On occasions when the Portfolio Manager(s) consider the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the fund as well as other accounts, Putnam Management’s trading desk may, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased in order to obtain the best execution and lower brokerage commissions, if any. Aggregation of trades may create the potential for unfairness to the fund or another account if one account is favored over another in allocating the securities purchased or sold – for example, by allocating a disproportionate amount of a security that is likely to increase in value to a favored account. Putnam Management’s trade allocation policies generally provide that each day’s transactions in securities that are purchased or sold by multiple accounts are, insofar as possible, averaged as to price and allocated between such accounts (including the fund) in a manner which in Putnam Management’s opinion is equitable to each account and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each account. Certain exceptions exist for specialty, regional or sector accounts. Trade allocations are reviewed on a periodic basis as part of Putnam Management’s trade oversight procedures in an attempt to ensure fairness over time across accounts.

“Cross trades,” in which one Putnam account sells a particular security to another account (potentially saving transaction costs for both accounts), may also pose a potential conflict of interest. Cross trades may be seen to involve a potential conflict of interest if, for example, one account is permitted to sell a security to another account at a higher price than an independent third party would pay, or if such trades result in more attractive investments being allocated to higher-fee accounts. Putnam Management and the fund’s Trustees have adopted compliance procedures that provide that any transactions between the fund and another Putnam-advised account are to be made at an independent current market price, as required by law.

Another potential conflict of interest may arise based on the different investment objectives and strategies of the fund and other accounts. For example, another account may have a shorter-term investment horizon or different investment objectives, policies or restrictions than the fund. Depending on another account’s objectives or other factors, the Portfolio Manager(s) may give advice and make decisions that may differ from advice given, or the timing or nature of decisions made, with respect to the fund. In addition, investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular account involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought or sold for certain accounts even though it could have been bought or sold for other accounts at the same time. More rarely, a particular security may be bought for one or more accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager(s) when one or more other accounts are selling the security (including short sales). There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more accounts may have an adverse effect on other accounts. As noted above, Putnam Management has implemented trade oversight and review procedures to monitor whether any account is systematically favored over time.

The fund’s Portfolio Manager(s) may also face other potential conflicts of interest in managing the fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could be deemed to exist in managing both the fund and other accounts.

(a)(3) Compensation of portfolio managers. Putnam’s goal for our products and investors is to deliver strong performance versus peers or performance ahead of benchmark, depending on the product, over a rolling 3-year period. Portfolio managers are evaluated and compensated, in part, based on their performance relative to this goal across the products they manage. In addition to their individual performance, evaluations take into account the performance of their group and a subjective component.

Each portfolio manager is assigned an industry competitive incentive compensation target consistent with this goal and evaluation framework. Actual incentive compensation may be higher or lower than the target, based on individual, group, and subjective performance, and may also reflect the performance of Putnam as a firm. Typically, performance is measured over the lesser of three years or the length of time a portfolio manager has managed a product.

Incentive compensation includes a cash bonus and may also include grants of deferred cash, stock or options. In addition to incentive compensation, portfolio managers receive fixed annual salaries typically based on level of responsibility and experience.

For this fund, the peer group Putnam compares fund performance against is its broad investment category as determined by Lipper Inc. and identified in the shareholder report included in Item 1.

(a)(4) Fund ownership. The following table shows the dollar ranges of shares of the fund owned by the professionals listed above at the end of the fund’s last two fiscal years, including investments by their immediate family members and amounts invested through retirement and deferred compensation plans.

*   : Assets in the fund

	Year	$0	$0-$10,000	$10,001-$50,000	$50,001-$100,000	$100,001-$500,000	$500,001-$1,000,000	$1,000,001 and over
Paul M. Drury	2014	*
	2013	*
Susan A. McCormack	2014	*
	2013	*
Thalia Meehan	2014	*
	2013	*

(b) Not applicable

Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:

Registrant Purchase of Equity Securities
				Maximum
			Total Number	Number (or
			of Shares	Approximate
			Purchased	Dollar Value)
			as Part	of Shares
			of Publicly	that May Yet Be
	Total Number	Average	Announced	Purchased
	of Shares	Price Paid	Plans or	under the Plans
Period	Purchased	per Share	Programs*	or Programs**
November 1 – November 30, 2013	160,670	$6.60	160,670	5,501,856
December 1 – December 31, 2013	216,792	$6.59	216,792	5,285,064
January 1 – January 31, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
February 1 – February 28, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
March 1 – March 31, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
April 1 – April 30, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
May 1 – May 31, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
June 1 – June 30, 2014	—	—	—	5,285,064
July 1 – July 31, 2014	36,406	$7.00	36,406	5,248,658
August 1 – August 31, 2014	138,310	$7.06	138,310	5,110,348
September 1 – September 30, 2014	382,538	$7.07	382,538	4,727,810
October 1 – October 7, 2014	—	—	—	4,727,810
October 8 – October 31, 2014	311,502	$7.20	311,502	5,336,246

*

In October 2005, the Board of Trustees of the Putnam Funds initiated the closed-end fund share repurchase program, which, as subsequently amended, authorized the fund to repurchase of up to 10% of its fund’s outstanding common shares over the two-years ending October 5, 2007. The Trustees have subsequently renewed the program on an annual basis. The program renewed by the Board in September 2013, which was in effect between October 8, 2013 and October 7, 2014, allowed the fund to repurchase up to 5,749,964 of its shares. The program renewed by the Board in September 2014, which is in effect between October 8, 2014 and October 7, 2015, allows the fund to repurchase up to 5,647,748 of its shares.

**

Information prior to October 7, 2014 is based on the total number of shares eligible for repurchase under the program, as amended through September 2013. Information from October 8, 2014 forward is based on the total number of shares eligible for repurchase under the program, as amended through September 2014.

Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:

Not applicable

Item 11. Controls and Procedures:

(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable

Item 12. Exhibits:

(a)(1) The Code of Ethics of The Putnam Funds, which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments, is filed herewith.

(a)(2) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust

By (Signature and Title):

/s/ Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Accounting Officer

Date: December 29, 2014

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By (Signature and Title):

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer

Date: December 29, 2014

By (Signature and Title):

/s/ Steven D. Krichmar
Steven D. Krichmar
Principal Financial Officer

Date: December 29, 2014

EX-99.CERT

Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: December 29, 2014

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz

_______________________

Jonathan S. Horwitz

Principal Executive Officer

Certifications

I, Steven D. Krichmar, the Principal Financial Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: December 29, 2014

/s/ Steven D. Krichmar

_______________________

Steven D. Krichmar

Principal Financial Officer

Attachment A

Period (s) ended October 31, 2014

               Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust

               Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust

               Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund

               The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income

               Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund

               Putnam Income Fund

               Putnam Global Income Trust

               Putnam Global Equity Fund

               Putnam Convertible Securities Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund

               Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund

               Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund

               Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund

               Putnam Global Sector Fund

               Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund

EX-99.906 CERT

Section 906 Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2014 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2014 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: December 29, 2014

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz

______________________

Jonathan S. Horwitz

Principal Executive Officer

Section 906 Certifications

I, Steven D. Krichmar, the Principal Financial Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2014 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2014 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: December 29, 2014

/s/ Steven D. Krichmar

______________________

Steven D. Krichmar

Principal Financial Officer

Attachment A

N-CSR

Period (s) ended October 31, 2014

               Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust

               Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust

               Putnam Multi-Cap Value Fund

               The Putnam Fund for Growth and Income

               Putnam Capital Opportunities Fund

               Putnam Income Fund

               Putnam Global Income Trust

               Putnam Global Equity Fund

               Putnam Convertible Securities Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 100 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 300 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 500 Fund

               Putnam Absolute Return 700 Fund

               Putnam Capital Spectrum Fund

               Putnam Equity Spectrum Fund

               Putnam Asia Pacific Equity Fund

               Putnam Global Sector Fund

               Putnam Multi-Cap Core Fund

EX-99.CODE ETH

Putnam’s Code

of Ethics

July 2013

Putnam Investments Code of Ethics

Putnam Investments is required by law to adopt a Code of Ethics (the “Code”). The objective of the Code is to ensure that Putnam’s employees comply with all applicable laws and avoid any conflict of interest that might result in any harm to our clients. Putnam owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. This Code of Ethics is designed to strengthen the trust and confidence our clients place in us and to demonstrate that our clients’ interests come first.

Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of employment at Putnam. Every employee is expected to adhere to the requirements of the Code. Any employee failing to do so may be subject to disciplinary action, including financial penalties and termination of employment, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer, the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, or the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam investments.

Definitions		1
Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees		3
1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements		3
1.2. Restricted List		4
1.3. Prohibited Transactions		4
1.4. Policy Regarding Frequency of Personal Trading		5
Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds		5
2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam		5
2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Linked Accounts		5
2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules		5
Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals		6
3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons		6
3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)		6
3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)		6
3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers)		7
3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)		7
Section 4 — Reporting Requirements		7
4.1.	Brokerage/Securities Accounts— Initial and Annual Requirements	7
4.2.	Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts
	Initial and Annual Requirements	8
4.3.	Account Confirmations and Statements	8
4.4.	Approved Brokers – U.S. Employees Only	8
Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements		9
5.1.	Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only	9
5.2.	Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only	9
5.3.	Annual Certification — All Employees	9
5.4.	Training Requirements—All Employees	9
5.5.	Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics	9
5.6.	Procedures and Timeliness	9
Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees		9
6.1.	Outside Business Activities	10
6.2.	Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments	10
6.3.	Family Members’ Conflict Policy	10
6.4.	CFA institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct	10
6.5.	Business Ethics, Ombudsman, and Hotlines	11
Section 7 — Insider Trading, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading		11
7.1.	Material, Non-Public information and insider Trading	11
7.2.	Reporting and Restrictions	11
7.3.	Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates	12
7.4.	PIL Employees	12
Section 8 — Sanctions		12
8.1.	Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3	12
8.2.	Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6	13
8.3.	Sanctions for Violations of Section 7	13
Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions		13
Appendix A — Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form		14

Definitions

Access Person Putnam has identified certain employees as Access Persons due to their position or access to investment information. Access Persons are held to a higher standard under the Code than other employees. Please ask the Code of Ethics Officer if you have any question whether you are an Access Person. The following employees are Access Persons:

• All employees of Putnam’s Investment Management Division

• Employees of the Operations Division within the following specific groups and departments:

» Fund Administration Group

» Investment Services and Operations Group

» Accounting Services Group

» Custody Services Group

• Any employee in the following groups or divisions who reports directly to a member of the Operating Committee:

» Mutual Fund Shareholder Services Group

» Accounting, Custody, and Control Group

» Communications and Public Relations Division

» Defined Contribution Division

» Global Distribution Division

• All members of Putnam’s Operating Committee

• All employees of Putnam Investments Limited (PIL) and all other Putnam employees based in Europe

• All directors and officers of a registered investment advisor affiliate, e.g., Putnam Investment Management, LLC (PIM), or The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (PAC)

• All employees who have access to My Putnam (unless access is limited to the Wall Street Journal, Factiva, or other systems that do not allow access to non-public information about Putnam products, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer)

• Employees who have systems access or other access to non-public information about any client’s purchase or sale of securities or to information regarding portfolio holdings or recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales

• Others as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer

Closed-end fund means a fund that has a fixed number of shares outstanding and does not redeem its shares. Closed-end funds typically trade like stocks on an exchange.

The Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer are responsible for enforcing and interpreting the Code. The following are the current members of the Code of Ethics staff, each of whom can answer employee questions and provide other assistance regarding the Code:

Code of Ethics Officer:	Bob Leveille	(617) 760-1858
Deputy Code of Ethics Officer:	Akiko Lindholm	(617) 760-2177
Compliance Specialist:	Dana Scribner-Shea	(617) 760-7182
Compliance Specialist:	Jennifer Waden	(617) 760-0554

Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has oversight responsibility for administering the Code of Ethics. Members include the Code of Ethics Officer and other members of Putnam’s senior management appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam. The Committee reviews and approves Code revisions, violations, and sanctions. In certain instances, requests for exemptions may require the approval of the Committee. The Committee meets on a quarterly basis or as otherwise necessary.

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) means a fund (other than a closed-end fund) that can be traded on an

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exchange throughout the day like a stock. ETFs often track an index. Examples include (but are not limited to) SPDRs, WEBs, QQQQs, iShares, and HLDRs.

Immediate Family means the Putnam employee’s spouse, domestic partner, fiancé(e), or other family members who are living in the same household. Immediate Family also includes any other family members, including in-laws, for whom the Putnam employee can exercise investment discretion, regardless of whether or not they live in the same household.

Private Placement means any offering of a security not offered to the public and not requiring registration with the relevant securities authorities, including but not limited to, equity or debt issued by a privately held company, private funds, hedge funds, or other privately offered securities.

Putnam means any or all of Putnam investments, LLC and its subsidiaries (other than PanAgora Asset Management, Inc.), any one of which shall be a Putnam company.

Putnam employee, or employee, means any employee of Putnam and, for purposes of all rules in Sections 1, 2, and 3, also includes the following:

• Members of the Immediate Family of a Putnam employee;

• Any trust in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a trustee with investment discretion;

• Any account for a partnership in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a general partner or a partner with investment discretion;

• Any closely held entity (such as a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which he or she has investment discretion;

• Any account (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar account) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member has a substantial economic interest and over which the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member exercises investment discretion;

• Any account other than a Putnam client account that receives investment advice of any sort from the employee or Immediate Family member, or as to which the employee or Immediate Family member has investment discretion.

Security The instruments required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1 are considered to be securities for purposes of this Code and are also required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4. in addition, transactions in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), options, futures, and other derivative securities are required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4, even for those instruments that are not required to be pre-cleared pursuant to Section 1.1(c).

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Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees

Putnam maintains the Code of Ethics PTA system to assist employees in fulfilling their obligations under the Code of Ethics. This system can be accessed by selecting the Code of Ethics PTA link, which appears on Putnam’s intranet page in the Secure information Section under My Essentials. This system allows the automated pre-clearance of publicly traded equities and other securities trading on major U.S. and other exchanges. To pre-clear an options contract for a publicly traded security, pre-clear the underlying security in the Code of Ethics PTA system. To request clearance to trade bonds or other securities, you must contact the Code of Ethics staff. Pre-clearance hours are 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. EST.

1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements

1.1(a) Employees must pre-clear all trades in the following securities:

• Stocks of companies

• Bonds and other debt instruments, including new offerings (including corporate, municipal, high-yield, and convertible bonds)

• Options, warrants, and all other derivatives of any underlying securities that themselves require pre-clearance

• Closed-end funds, including Putnam closed-end funds

Employees must also pre-clear the following transactions:

• Private placements and purchases of hedge funds or other private investment funds must receive pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee

• Donating or gifting of securities

• Shares purchased by subscription or by mail (if purchasing directly from a company’s transfer agent by check, you must pre-clear the day the check is to be mailed)

• Tendering securities from your personal account

• Exercising rights to purchase shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises)

• Exercising options or warrants to acquire shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises as set forth under Section 1.1(c))

1.1(b) Provisions Applicable to Pre-Clearances

A pre-clearance is only valid for trading on the day it is obtained. However, trades by employees in Putnam’s Asian or European offices, or trades by any employees in securities listed on Asian or European stock exchanges, may be executed within one business day after pre-clearance is obtained. If the Code of Ethics system does not recognize a security, if an employee is unable to use the system, or if he or she has any questions with respect to the system or pre-clearance, the employee must contact the Code of Ethics staff.

1.1(c) Exceptions from Pre-Clearance Requirements

Pre-clearance is not required for certain transactions. (Please note that reporting may still be required for Access Persons even when pre-clearance is not required. See Sections 4 and 5 for reporting requirements.) Pre-clearance is not required for:

• Open-end mutual funds

• Currencies

• Commodities

• Treasury securities and other U.S. and other sovereign government debt (Please note that agency securities, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, require pre-clearance.)

• Certificates of deposit (CDs), commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances, and other money market instruments

• Options and futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities

3

• Exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), and exchange-traded commodities (ETCs)

• Trades in approved discretionary accounts (see Section 4.2 for additional information)

• Transactions that are involuntary (i.e., not initiated by the employee or an Immediate Family member covered under the Code), including dividend reinvestments under an automatic program of a publicly traded issuer and broker actions not initiated by the employee, such as option assignments or sales out of the brokerage account to cover fees or margin calls (provided the employee may not have withdrawn funds from the margin account in the prior 10 days)

1.2. Restricted List

Employees may not trade in securities that are on Putnam’s Restricted List, except as set forth below under “Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption.” There are a number of reasons why a security may appear on the Restricted List, and securities are placed on the Restricted List under criteria, and in specific circumstances, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee. If a security is not on the Restricted List, other classes of securities of the same issuer (e.g., preferred or convertible preferred stock) may be on the Restricted List. It is the employee’s responsibility to identify with particularity the class of securities being pre-cleared. Bonds are generally restricted at the issuer level.

Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption. An employee may trade up to $25,000 in principal amount of the shares of a security appearing on the Restricted List if it is an equity security of an issuer with a market capitalization greater than $2 billion. However, these transactions must still be pre-cleared. Market capitalization is defined as outstanding shares multiplied by current price per share.

1.3. Prohibited Transactions

The following transactions and activities are prohibited for all employees:

1. Good-until-canceled orders (GTC). Any order not executed on the day of pre-clearance must be resubmitted for pre-clearance before being executed on a subsequent day.

2. Short sales of any security that is subject to pre-clearance requirements. However, short sales against the box are permitted. In addition, opening an option position that would result in a short position in the underlying security upon assignment or expiration is also prohibited (i.e., buying a put option or selling a call option without owning a number of shares at least equal to the delivery obligation under the contract, is prohibited). Purchasing a put option or selling a call option would not be considered acceptable if the only position covering such option would be another option position, such as purchasing a call option or selling a put option, to avoid a violation.

3. Purchasing equity securities in an initial public offering (IPO). Although exceptions from this prohibition will rarely be granted, employees may request an exemption from the Code of Ethics Officer, who may grant exceptions in unusual cases such as when an Immediate Family member’s association or employment with the issuer warrants consideration or when the employee has had a pre-existing status for at least two years as a policyholder or depositor in connection with a bank or insurance company conversion from mutual or cooperative form to stock form.

4. Trading with material non-public information (see Section 7)

5. Personal Trading with Putnam Client Portfolios. Putnam employees may not buy or sell securities when the employee knows a Putnam client account is on the other side of the trade.

6. Participating in an investment club

7. Spread betting. PIL employees may not enter into any spread betting contracts on financial instruments.

8. Opening a discretionary account (see Section 4.2) and trading securities requiring pre-clearance, without obtaining proper advance approval for that account as required

1.4. Policy Regarding Frequency of Personal Trading

Putnam employees are not limited to a pre-determined number of trades in securities during a specified time frame. However, excessive trading by an employee can divert the employee’s attention from his or her

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responsibilities as an employee and increases the possibility of engaging in transactions that are in actual or apparent conflict with Putnam’s client accounts. In addition, excessive short-term trading by an employee in shares of a Putnam-managed fund can also create actual or apparent conflicts with other shareholders of such fund and may have other detrimental effects as described in the prospectus or other disclosure document for such fund. Putnam reserves the right to monitor the number of trades (including for these purposes trades in securities that are required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1(a), shares of Putnam-managed funds, and other securities that are required to be reported under Section 5.1 or 5.2, such as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities) executed by an employee and members of his or her Immediate Family and may review any such activity that appears to be excessive with the employee’s manager(s) and/or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, as deemed appropriate by the Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee shall have the authority to address any circumstances of excessive trading in securities or excessive short-term trading in shares of a Putnam-managed fund in accordance with Section 8 of this Code.

Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds

2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam

Putnam employees must hold shares of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds through accounts maintained at Putnam, with Putnam Retail Management (PRM) listed as the dealer of record. All transactions must be executed through Putnam and not through an outside broker or other intermediary.

These requirements also apply to :

• Self-directed IRA accounts holding Putnam fund shares;

• Variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, such as Putnam/Hartford Capital Manager and Allstate Advisor, which invest in Putnam Variable Trusts (must list PRM as dealer but may be held at the insurer).

In limited circumstances, retirement, pension, deferred compensation, and similar accounts (and variable insurance arrangements) that cannot be legally transferred to Putnam may be allowed to hold Putnam funds upon approval of the Code of Ethics Officer. For example, a spouse of a Putnam employee may have a 401(k)/Profit Sharing Plan with his or her employer that invests in Putnam funds. The employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing, provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to Putnam, and arrange for all account statements and confirmations to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff, if approved.

2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Linked Accounts

All employees are required to ensure that their Immediate Family members’ accounts holding Putnam mutual funds are linked to comply with the requirements stated above and to permit monitoring for excessive short-term trading in accordance with Section 1.4. To ensure these accounts are linked, log on to Putnam’s intranet home page at http://intranet/home/index.shtml, and select My Essentials/Linked mutual fund accounts.

2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules

2.3(a) Pre-clearance and Reporting. Putnam closed-end fund shares are subject to the same pre-clearance and reporting requirements as other stocks. A list of the Putnam closed-end funds can be obtained from the Code of Ethics staff.

2.3(b) Special Rules Applicable to Portfolio Managers to Putnam Closed-End Funds, Group Heads in the Investment Division, Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds. Portfolio Managers to Putnam closed-end funds, Group Heads in Putnam’s Investment Division, Putnam Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds will not receive clearance to engage in any combination of purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the shares of a given closed-end fund within six months of each other. Therefore, purchases should be made only if you intend to hold the shares more than six months, and sales should not be made if you plan to purchase more shares of that fund within six months.

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Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals

3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons

Access Persons may not sell a security at a price higher than any price paid for that security within the past 60 calendar days, or buy a security at a price below which he or she sold the same security within the past 60 days. This rule applies to transactions across all accounts of the employee. All trades for the previous 60 days will be compared to the trade date for the transaction in question to determine whether a violation has occurred. Thus, if within a 60-day period, an employee buys a security for $10, buys it again for $15, and then sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price. To further illustrate the rule, if an employee buys a security for $15 on a day, buys it again for $10 a year later, and then less than 60 days after the second purchase sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price more than 60 days earlier. Access Persons may also not open an option transaction for a contract that expires in 60 days or less. The holding period for securities acquired upon exercise of a purchased call option shall be calculated using the date of acquisition of the option (rather than the date of exercise of the option) as the starting point for the 60-day holding period. Although portfolio managers and analysts may sell securities at a profit within 60 days of purchase in order to comply with the requirements of the 7-Day Pre-Trade and 7-Day Post-Trade Rules (described below), any profit must be disgorged to charity.

3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.2(a) Portfolio Managers: (i) Before a portfolio manager places an order to buy a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon entering an order to sell a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the selling price for the client account, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

3.2(b) Analysts: (i) Before an analyst makes an initial purchase or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon making an initial sell or an underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for sale from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the price at the time that the recommendation is made, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.3(a) Portfolio Managers: No portfolio manager shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent purchase of that security or related derivative security by any Putnam client portfolio she manages or co-manages; or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent sale of that security or related derivative security from any Putnam client portfolio that she manages or co-manages.

3.3(b) Analysts: No analyst shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial buy or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund); or (ii) purchase any security or related

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derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial sell or underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including the removal of a security from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund).

3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers)

No portfolio manager shall, without prior clearance and written approval, sell in his personal account any securities or related derivative securities that are held in any Putnam client portfolio that he manages or co-manages (see Appendix A for the Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form).

3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

No portfolio manager shall cause, and no analyst shall recommend, an action that would cause a Putnam client to take action for the portfolio manager’s or analyst’s own personal benefit. A portfolio manager who trades in, or an analyst who recommends, particular securities for a Putnam client account in order to support the price of securities in his personal account, or who “front runs” a Putnam client order, is in violation of this Rule.

Section 4 — Reporting Requirements

4.1. Brokerage/Securities Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

All employees (on their own behalf and on behalf of their Immediate Family members (see Definitions)) are required to report the existence of any accounts that have the capability of purchasing any securities. This Rule includes all brokerage accounts, accounts held directly at an issuer’s transfer agent, and securities held in physical certificate form by an employee or any Immediate Family member of the employee. The only investment accounts excluded from this rule are accounts that are only permitted to hold open-end mutual funds (other than Putnam open-end funds) and no other investments, and TreasuryDirect accounts, which can only purchase Treasury securities.

To satisfy this requirement, a new employee must enter the requested information in the Code of Ethics PTA system, and supply the Code of Ethics Department with a copy of the most recent statement for each account, within the required time frame below:

• Access Persons — within 10 days of hire

• Non-access Persons — within 30 days of hire

Existing employees opening a new account (including accounts being opened for Immediate Family members) must disclose them to the Code of Ethics Department prior to opening, or immediately after opening, the account in advance of the first personal securities transaction in the account. All employees will be required to certify annually that all accounts requiring disclosure are accurately listed in the Code of Ethics PTA system.

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4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

If you wish to establish a professionally managed or discretionary account (including professionally managed or discretionary accounts being opened for Immediate Family members), where you completely turn over decision-making authority to a professional money manager who is not subject to this Code, you must disclose the existence of the account and receive approval from the Code of Ethics staff in advance of the first personal securities transaction (new employees have 30 days to obtain the appropriate approval). You do not need to pre-clear or report securities transactions in these accounts. Please note that a discretionary account may not purchase an IPO or hold Putnam open-end mutual funds. The broker or advisor maintaining discretion over the account may not be a family member of the Putnam employee.

In order for the account to be considered discretionary, the employee must:

1. Complete an initial certification in which both the employee and the broker/advisor certify that the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account;

2. Complete an annual certification in which the employee certifies that Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account; and

3. Ensure that copies of broker statements are delivered to Putnam investments.

4.3. Account Confirmations and Statements

All employees are required to ensure that copies of all confirmations and statements are delivered to Putnam for all accounts described in Section 4.1 above, and to ensure that copies of all statements (but not confirmations) are delivered to Putnam for all discretionary accounts described in Section 4.2. When the employee discloses the account as required, the Code of Ethics staff will issue a 407 letter, or other communication to the entity where the employee’s account is held, requesting that confirmations and statements be sent to Putnam on the employee’s behalf. However, it is ultimately the employee’s responsibility to ensure that his or her broker has complied with this request. Employees in non-U.S. offices may be subject to different requirements with respect to the frequency of providing account confirmations and statements. Any such different requirements will be communicated to the employees by the Code of Ethics staff.

If it is discovered that these reports are not being delivered to Putnam, the Code of Ethics staff will bring this issue to the employee’s attention and request he or she assist in rectifying the issue. If it is determined that a broker has failed to comply with requests to deliver these reports, Putnam reserves the right to require the employee to close the account within 30 days by transferring the account to another dealer willing to comply with this requirement (any trades as a result of a transfer must be pre-cleared). In cases where Putnam has an electronic reporting relationship established with a firm, Putnam may rely on this electronic reporting for monitoring and record keeping in lieu of receiving trade confirmations and statements via mail.

4.4. Approved Brokers – U.S. Employees Only

Effective on a specific date to be announced (expected to be March 2014), U.S. employees of Putnam are required to hold each of their personal accounts (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar accounts) at a Putnam-approved broker that provides Putnam with an electronic broker feed. The list of approved brokers will be posted to the Putnam Compliance intranet homepage and the Code of Ethics PTA system. In limited circumstances, employees may be allowed to hold personal accounts at a non-Putnam-approved broker (examples include retirement accounts at current employers of Immediate Family members and accounts that cannot legally be transferred to Putnam-approved brokers). In such a case, the employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing and provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to a Putnam-approved broker or why the employee otherwise requests an exception be granted by the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. In the event an exception is granted, the employee must arrange for trade confirmations and account statements (quarterly) to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff.

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Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements

5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify their securities holdings, including all holdings for Immediate Family member accounts, within 10 days of hire (or within 10 days of becoming an Access Person) and then on an annual basis thereafter (within 45 days after the end of the year). The report of securities holdings must include all securities that require pre-clearance under Section 1.1, as well as holdings in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, and holdings of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds not held through a Putnam account and U.S. registered mutual funds to which Putnam acts as advisor or sub-advisor (see Section 4).

5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify all of their personal securities transactions, including transactions for Immediate Family member accounts, within 20 calendar days following the end of each quarter. In addition to the securities requiring pre-clearance under Section 1.1, Access Persons are also required to disclose and certify all personal transactions in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, as well as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, not just those requiring pre-clearance.

5.3. Annual Certification — All Employees

Each calendar year, all employees will be required to certify that they have reviewed and understand the rules and requirements of the Code and that the list of brokerage accounts (for the employee and all Immediate Family members) disclosed in the Code of Ethics PTA system is accurate. An e-mail notification will be sent informing employees of their requirement and the due date.

5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees

As deemed necessary by the Code of Ethics staff, employees will be required to complete training on Putnam’s Code of Ethics. E-mail notifications will be sent notifying employees of the requirements and the due date.

5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics

When revisions are made to the Code of Ethics, all employees will receive a revised version of the Code. The Code will be available to all employees on Putnam’s intranet site. Hard copies may be requested by contacting the Code of Ethics staff.

5.6. Procedures and Timeliness

Most certifications and reports required by the Code are completed in the Code of Ethics PTA system. There are strict deadlines for these filings. Planned absences, vacations, and business trips are not valid excuses for failing to meet a deadline. Employees will receive instructions regarding these submissions and the due dates. Please contact the Code of Ethics staff for assistance.

Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees

Putnam employees are expected to act ethically at all times in connection with their employment. In addition to complying with the specific provisions of this section, employees should contact the Code of Ethics staff or the Ombudsman if they are not sure how to proceed in any circumstances involving ethical issues or questions.

6.1. Outside Business Activities

No Putnam employee shall serve as employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner of a corporation or entity other than Putnam, without prior written approval of the Code of Ethics Officer, who may also confirm that the employee’s manager has approved such outside position. Requests for a role at a publicly traded company

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are especially disfavored and are closely reviewed. Permission will be granted only in extenuating circumstances.

All employees must provide a written request seeking approval from the Code of Ethics Officer by entering the details of the proposed position in the Code of Ethics PTA system. Employees may not engage in any outside employment activity until they receive an e-mail approving their request. Employees hired at Putnam with an outside position must disclose the position upon hire in the system and may be required to resign such position if the position presents conflicts of interest or other issues.

FINRA-licensed employees under PRM also have an obligation to disclose outside positions to, and receive approval from, the PRM Compliance Department. Employees must also keep this information accurate by updating their profile in the Code of Ethics system and updating the PRM Compliance Department if they change or terminate a position previously approved.

6.2. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments

6.2(a) An employee may serve as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee of a charitable or not-for-profit institution, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics do not apply to the trading activities of such charitable or not-for-profit institutions for which an employee serves as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee unless the employee has discretion for the account. You must contact the Code of Ethics staff if you are asked to serve in a role in which you may have discretion, investment, or financial authority for a charitable or not-for-profit institution to discuss whether such position is permissible and whether you must perform any additional actions prior to serving in such role.

6.2(b) Except as stated below, no Putnam employee shall serve as a trustee, an executor, a custodian, or any other fiduciary, or as an investment advisor or a counselor for any account outside Putnam. Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a religious or charitable trust or foundation, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics apply to the trading activities of such a religious or charitable trust or foundation if the employee has discretion for the account.

6.2(c) Family Trust or Estate Exception. Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a family trust or estate, as long as the employee abides by all of the Rules of the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity over which he has any discretion.

6.3. Family Members’ Conflict Policy

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family shall have any direct or indirect personal financial interests in companies that do business with Putnam, unless such interest is disclosed and approved by the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(a) Corporate Purchase of Goods and Services — Putnam will not acquire goods and services from any firm in which a member of an employee’s Immediate Family serves as a sales representative or in a senior management capacity, or has an ownership interest (excluding normal investment holdings in public companies), unless permission is obtained from the Assistant Treasurer and the Code of Ethics Officer. Any employee who is aware of a proposal to purchase goods and services from a firm with which a member of the employee’s Immediate Family has one of these associations must notify the Assistant Treasurer and the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(b) Portfolio Trading — Putnam will not allocate any client trades to any firm that employs a member of an employee’s Immediate Family as a sales representative to Putnam (in a primary, secondary, or backup role). Any Putnam employee who is aware that an Immediate Family member serves as a broker-dealer’s sales representative to Putnam should inform the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.3(c) Definition of Immediate Family (specific to this rule) — “Immediate Family” of an employee means (1) spouse, fiancé(e), or domestic partner of the employee, (2) any child, sibling, or parent of an employee and any person married to a child, sibling or parent of an employee, and (3) any other person who lives in the

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same household as the employee.

6.4. CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct

All members of the investment Division and any other CFA institute Members or Candidates must follow and abide by the spirit of the Code of Ethics and the Standards of Professional Conduct of the CFA institute. The text of the CFA institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct can be found on the Putnam Compliance Department intranet home page, which is accessible from the Putnam intranet home page. The terms of Putnam’s Code of Ethics shall govern in any case where there is a conflict between the terms of this Code and the CFA institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Please contact the Code of Ethics Officer with any questions.

6.5. Business Ethics, Ombudsman, and Hotlines

6.5(a) if a Putnam employee suspects that fraudulent, illegal, or other irregular activity (including violations of the Code of Ethics) might be occurring at Putnam, the activity should be reported immediately to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer, or Code of Ethics Officer through the Ombudsman or hotlines described below or through Putnam’s Human Resources department.

6.5(b) Putnam has established the office of the corporate ombudsman as a resource to help employees address legal or ethical issues in the workplace and to allow employees to voice concerns or seek clarity on issues. The Ombudsman provides a confidential, independent, and impartial source to employees to discuss potential violations of law or of company standards without fear of retribution, and serves as a neutral party with no vested interest in a particular outcome.

6.5(c) An employee who does not feel comfortable reporting activity in the manner described in 6.5(a) above may instead contact any of the following on an anonymous basis:

• The Putnam Ethics hotline at 1-888-475-4210,

• The Putnam Funds Trustees’ hotline at 1-866-858-4155, or

• Putnam’s Ombudsman at 1-866-ombuds7 (866-662-8377).

Section 7 — Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

7.1. Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

Antifraud provisions of the U.S. securities laws as well as the laws of other countries generally prohibit persons who possess material, non-public information from trading on or communicating that information to others. Putnam’s policy calls for strict compliance with such laws. Unlawful trading while in possession of material, non-public information is a very serious matter and can be a crime punishable by imprisonment. There is also significant monetary liability for an inside trader, which can include liability to private plaintiffs and/or the Securities and Exchange Commission, which can seek a court order requiring a violator to pay back profits, as well as penalties substantially greater than those profits. In certain cases, controlling persons of inside traders, including supervisors of inside traders or Putnam itself, can be liable for penalties.

Employees found to have conducted this activity will be immediately referred to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee or Putnam’s Chief Executive Officer to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination.

While employees in the Investment Division are most likely to come into contact with material, non-public information, the rules (and sanctions) in this area apply to all Putnam employees (see Section 7.2 for information on what to do if you believe you may have material, non-public information).

7.2. Reporting and Restrictions

Any employee who believes he or she is (or may be) in possession of material, non-public information must immediately contact Putnam’s Code of Ethics Officer or an attorney in Putnam’s Legal Department, and provide details on the information received and the source. The employee must also take precautions to maintain the confidentiality of the information in question, and not share this information with anyone outside

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of Putnam’s Legal and Compliance Division.

After reviewing the facts and circumstances, Putnam’s Code of Ethics Officer or Putnam’s Legal Department will make a determination as to whether possession of the information warrants restricting trading activity in the issuer’s securities for client accounts as well as personal securities transactions for employees.

7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates

Any employee wishing to place a trade in the securities of Great-West Lifeco Inc., Power Financial Corporation, Power Corporation of Canada, or IGM Financial Inc. must contact the Code of Ethics Officer or the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer to request manual approval of the pre-clearance request. An employee requesting such approval must certify that he or she is not in possession of any material, non-public information regarding the company in which he or she is seeking to place a trade. The decision whether or not to grant the pre-clearance request is in the sole discretion of the Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Officer and Deputy Code of Ethics Officer will reject any such request for pre-clearance made by members of Putnam’s Operating Committee and certain members of the Chief Financial Officer’s staff from the end of each calendar quarter to the date of announcement of Great-West Lifeco Inc.’s earnings for such quarter.

7.4. PIL Employees

For PIL employees, these topics are covered by the Market Abuse rules of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. PIL employees receive information on this topic in their annual instructor-led code of ethics and compliance training.

Section 8 — Sanctions

The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has adopted the following minimum monetary sanctions for violations of the Code. These sanctions apply even if the exception results from inadvertence rather than intentional misbehavior. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee will review and approve sanctions on employees. However, the sanctions noted below are only minimums, and the Committee reserves the right to impose sanctions that it believes fit the circumstances, such as higher monetary sanctions, trading bans, suspension, or termination of employment. The Committee’s belief that an employee has violated the Code of Ethics intentionally may result in more severe sanctions than outlined in the guidelines.

8.1. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3

The minimum sanction per violation of the Rules in Sections 1, 2, or 3 is disgorgement of any profits or payment of avoided losses and the following payments:

	Investment Division,	All other employees not
	Operating Committee	included in the criteria for
	member, and any employee	inclusion in the higher
	who reports directly to an	sanction schedule
	Operating Committee
	member (administrative
	assistants will be excluded
	from the higher sanction
	schedule)
1st violation	$250	$50
2nd violation	$500	$100
3rd violation	Minimum monetary sanction for a 2nd violation with a ban
	on all new personal securities transactions for time period

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determined by the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee

8.2. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6

The minimum sanction for violations of the rules in Sections 4–6 is as follows:

	Investment Division,	All other employees not
	Operating Committee	included in the criteria for
	member, and any employee	inclusion in the higher
	who reports directly to an	sanction schedule
	Operating Committee
	member (administrative
	assistants will be excluded
	from the higher sanction
	schedule)
1st violation	Warning	Warning
2nd violation	$50	$25
3rd violation	$100	$50

8.3. Sanctions for Violations of Section 7

All violations concerning the use of material, non-public information, failure to report inside information, or insider trading will be presented to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination. Severe criminal penalties may also be imposed.

The reference period for determining generally whether a violation is initial or subsequent will be three years.

Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions

No perceived ambiguity in the Code of Ethics shall excuse any violation. Any employee who has a question concerning the applicability of the Code or believes the Code to be ambiguous in a particular situation should request a determination from the Code of Ethics Officer in advance of the conduct. Employees may also request an exemption from the Code of Ethics if they do so in advance of the conduct or transaction sought to be exempted.

Any employee seeking a determination or exemption shall provide the Code of Ethics Officer with such information as the Code of Ethics Officer deems necessary to render the determination or make a decision on the exemption.

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Appendix A — Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form
To: Code of Ethics Officer
From:	Date:
Re: Sale of Personal Security
This serves as prior written approval to sell the following personal security:
Name of portfolio manager contemplating personal sale:
Security to be sold:
Number of shares to be sold:
Fund(s) holding security:
Number of shares held by fund:
Reason for the personal sale:
Specify the reason why the sale is inappropriate for fund (Please attach additional sheets if necessary.):
CIO approval:	Date:
Code of Ethics Officer:
Deputy Code of Ethics Officer approval:	Date:

282554 6/13

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EX-99.CODE ETH

THE PUTNAM FUNDS 

Code of Ethics

Each of The Putnam Funds (the “Funds”) has determined to adopt this Code of Ethics with respect to certain activities by officers and Trustees of the Funds which might be deemed to create possible conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures with respect to such activities.

I. Rules Applicable to Officers and Trustees Affiliated with Putnam Investments Trust or Its Subsidiaries

A. Incorporation of Adviser’s Code of Ethics. The provisions of the Code of Ethics for employees of Putnam Investments Trust and its subsidiaries (the “Putnam Investments Code of Ethics”), which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein as the Funds’ Code of Ethics applicable to officers and Trustees of the Funds who are employees of the Funds or officers, directors or employees of Putnam Investments Trust or its subsidiaries. A violation of the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of the Funds’ Code.

B. Reports. Officers and Trustees of each of the Funds who are made subject to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall file the reports required by the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics with the Code of Ethics Officer designated therein. A report filed with the Code of Ethics Officer shall be deemed to be filed with each of the Funds of which the reporting individual is an officer or Trustee.

C. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Code of Ethics Officer shall cause the reported personal securities transactions to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of each of the Funds to determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any person, the Code of Ethics Officer shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material.

(2) If the Code of Ethics Officer determines that a violation of any provision of this Code has or may have occurred, he shall submit his written determination, together with any additional explanatory material, to the Audit and Compliance Committee of the Funds at its next meeting when Code of Ethics matters are discussed.

D. Sanctions. In addition to reporting violations of this Code to the Audit and Compliance Committee of the Funds as provided in Section I-C(2), the Code of Ethics Officer shall also report to such Committee any sanctions imposed with

respect to such violations. The Committee reserves the right to impose such additional sanctions as it deems appropriate.

II. Rules Applicable to Unaffiliated Trustees

A. Definitions.

(1) “Beneficial ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(2) “Control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

(3) “Covered Person” means an affiliated person of the Fund, who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

(4) “Interested Trustee” means a Trustee of a Fund who is an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

(5) “Purchase or sale of a security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.

(6) “Security” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act (in effect, all securities) except that it shall not include securities issued by the Government of the United States or an agency thereof, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high-quality short-term debt investments, including repurchase agreements, and shares of registered open-end investment companies, but shall include any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security.

(7) “Security Held or to be Acquired by a Fund” means: (i) any security, as defined herein, which, within the most recent 15 days: (A) is or has been held by the Fund, or (B) is being or has been considered by the Fund or Putnam Investments for purchase by the Fund, and (ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a security described in (i) above.

(8) “Unaffiliated Trustee” means a Trustee who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

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B. Prohibited Actions. No Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Covered Person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund, shall:

(1) Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

(2) Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(3) Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

(4) Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

C. Reporting.

(1) Every Unaffiliated Trustee of a Fund shall file with the Funds’ Compliance Liaison a report containing the information described in Section II-C(2) of this Code with respect to purchases or sales of any security in which such Unaffiliated Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, if such Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee:

(a) such security was or is to be purchased or sold by the Fund or

(b) such security was or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund;

provided, however, that an Unaffiliated Trustee shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control.

(2) Every report shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

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(a) The date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount of each security involved;

(b) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(c) The price at which the transaction was effected;

(d) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and

(e) The date that the report is submitted by each Unaffiliated Trustee.

(3) Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which the report relates.

(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, an Unaffiliated Trustee who is an “interested person” of the Funds shall file the reports required by Rule 17j-1(d)(1) under the Investment Company Act with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments. Such reports shall be reviewed by such Officer as provided in Section I-C(1) and any related violations shall be reported by him to the Audit and Compliance Committee as provided in Section I-C(2). The Committee may impose such additional sanctions as it deems appropriate.

D. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Compliance Liaison of the Funds, in consultation with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments, shall cause the reported personal securities transactions that he receives pursuant to Section II-C(1) to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Funds to determine whether any prohibited action listed in Section II-B may have occurred.

(2) Before making any determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Compliance Liaison shall give the person involved an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

E. Sanctions. If the Compliance Liaison determines that a violation of this Code has occurred, he shall so advise the Funds’ Audit and Compliance Committee, and provide the Committee with a report of the matter, including any additional information supplied by such person. The Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

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III. Miscellaneous

A. Amendments to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics. Any amendment to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall be deemed an amendment to Section 1-A of this Code effective 30 days after written notice of such amendment shall have been received by the Chairman of the Funds, unless the Trustees of the Funds expressly determine that such amendment shall become effective at an earlier or later date or shall not be adopted.

B. Records. The Funds shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) under the Investment Company Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1) A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

(2) A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

(3) A copy of each report made by an officer or Trustee pursuant to this Code shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

(4) A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

(5) To the extent any record required to be kept by this section is also required to be kept by Putnam Investments pursuant to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics, Putnam Investments shall maintain such record on behalf of the Funds as well.

C. Confidentiality. All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed with any Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject to review as provided herein and by personnel of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

D. Interpretation of Provisions. The Trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.

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E. Delegation by Chairman. The Chairman of the Funds may from time to time delegate any or all of his or her responsibilities under this Code, either generally or as to specific instances, to such officer or Trustee of the Funds as he or she may designate.

As revised June 17, 2011

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