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Note 5. Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

We recognized income tax expense of $59,000 and $105,000 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019, compared to $32,000 and $246,000 during the same periods of 2018, respectively. At the end of each interim period, we estimate the effective tax rate we expect to be applicable for the full fiscal year and this rate is applied to our results for the year-to-date period, and then adjusted for any discrete period items. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019, the variance between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% is primarily attributable to stock-based compensation tax benefit of $24,000, as well as, a return to provision adjustment and tax credits offset by state income taxes. For the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018, the variance between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% is primarily attributable to state income taxes, offset by excess stock-based compensation tax benefits and tax credits.