Income Taxes

The Company's income (loss) before income taxes and income tax expense for continuing operations, each by tax jurisdiction, consisted of the following:



	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
	(dollars in thousands)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic	$	(3,150	)	$	67,300		$	47,760
Foreign	(18,970		)	2,300			28,390
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$	(22,120	)	$	69,600		$	76,150
Current income tax expense:
Federal	$	12,150		$	24,630		$	13,020
State and local	1,080			3,440			1,740
Foreign	2,060			1,170			6,690
Total current income tax expense	15,290			29,240			21,450
Deferred income tax expense (benefit):
Federal	(1,980		)	(9,370		)	(2,420		)
State and local	(1,530		)	(40		)	(1,280		)
Foreign	(5,240		)	2,880			(840		)
Total deferred income tax expense	(8,750		)	(6,530		)	(4,540		)
Income tax expense	$	6,540		$	22,710		$	16,910

The components of deferred taxes at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:



	2015			2014
	(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Accounts receivable	$	550		$	350
Inventories	5,680			5,680
Accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities	27,550			34,430
Tax loss and credit carryforwards	4,660			12,420
Gross deferred tax asset	38,440			52,880
Valuation allowances	(3,060		)	(5,980		)
Net deferred tax asset	35,380			46,900
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(16,340		)	(19,290		)
Goodwill and other intangible assets	(26,600		)	(44,570		)
Other, principally deferred income	(3,450		)	(5,020		)
Gross deferred tax liability	(46,390		)	(68,880		)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(11,010	)	$	(21,980	)

The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense allocated to income from continuing operations before income taxes:



	2015			2014			2013
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. federal statutory rate	35		%	35		%	35		%
Tax at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(7,740	)	$	24,360		$	26,650
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit	(520		)	2,520			280
Differences in statutory foreign tax rates	110			(200		)	(4,330		)
Change in recognized tax benefits	(460		)	(2,490		)	(1,900		)
Goodwill impairment	11,430			—			—
Nontaxable gains	(980		)	—			(5,460		)
Restructuring (benefits)/charges	—			—			2,230
Noncontrolling interest	—			(280		)	(1,410		)
Research and manufacturing incentives	(1,680		)	(1,920		)	(1,680		)
Tax on undistributed foreign earnings	610			50			290
Net change in valuation allowance	3,770			3,270			820
Other, net	2,000			(2,600		)	1,420
Income tax expense	$	6,540		$	22,710		$	16,910

The Company has recorded deferred tax assets on $29.9 million of various state operating loss carryforwards and $9.5 million of various foreign operating loss carryforwards. The majority of the state tax loss carryforwards expire between 2024 and 2027 and the majority of the foreign losses have indefinite carryforward periods.

In general, it is the practice and intention of the Company to reinvest the earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. As of December 31, 2015, the Company has not made a provision for U.S. or additional non-U.S. withholding taxes on approximately $87.2 million of undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries that are considered to be permanently reinvested. Generally, such amounts become subject to U.S. taxation upon remittance of dividends and under certain other circumstances. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to investments in these non-U.S. subsidiaries.

Unrecognized tax benefits

The Company has approximately $4.6 million and $5.3 million of unrecognized tax benefits ("UTBs") as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. If the unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, the impact to the Company's effective tax rate would be to reduce reported income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 approximately $4.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

A reconciliation of the change in the UTBs and related accrued interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:



	Unrecognized Tax Benefits
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	8,470
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions	390
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions	270
Reductions	(1,280		)
Settlements	—
Lapses in the statutes of limitations	(2,580		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	5,270
Tax positions related to current year:
Additions	240
Tax positions related to prior years:
Additions	1,570
Reductions	(360		)
Settlements	(390		)
Lapses in the statutes of limitations	(1,720		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	4,610

In addition to the UTBs summarized above, the Company has recorded approximately $2.2 million in potential interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and certain non-U.S. income tax examinations for tax years 2010 through 2014. The Company is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service for tax year 2013. In addition, there are currently several state examinations and one foreign income tax examination in process. The Company does not believe that the results of these examinations will have a significant impact on the Company's tax position or its effective tax rate. During 2015, the Company concluded its 2011 U.S. examination as well as settled two foreign income tax examinations. The examination results did not have a significant impact on the Company's tax position or its effective tax rate.

Management monitors changes in tax statutes and regulations and the issuance of judicial decisions to determine the potential impact to UTBs and is not aware of, nor does it anticipate, any material subsequent events that could have a significant impact on the Company's financial position during the next twelve months.