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Equity Awards
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Equity Awards
Equity Awards
The Company maintains the following long-term equity incentive plans (collectively, the "Plans"):
Plan Names
 
Shares Approved for Issuance
 
Fungible Ratio
TriMas Corporation Director Retainer Share Election Program
 
100,000

 
N/A
2011 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan
 
2,850,000

 
1.75:1
2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan
 
2,435,877

 
2:1
2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan
 
1,786,123

 
1:1
The fungible ratio presented above applies to restricted shares of common stock. Stock options and stock appreciation rights have a fungible ratio of 1:1 (one granted option/appreciation right counts as one share against the aggregate available to issue) under each Plan, if applicable. In addition, the 2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan expired in 2012, such that, while existing grants will remain outstanding until exercised, vested or canceled, no new shares may be issued under the plan.
Stock Options
The Company did not grant any stock options during 2014, 2013 and 2012.
Information related to stock options at December 31, 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Stock Options
 
Weighted Average
Option Price
 
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
 
342,448

 
$
9.92

 
 
 
 
  Exercised
 
(90,781
)
 
19.72

 
 
 
 
  Cancelled
 

 

 
 
 
 
  Expired
 

 

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
251,667

 
$
6.39

 
3.5
 
$
6,266,389

As of December 31, 2014, 251,667 stock options were exercisable under the Plans. During 2014, 800 stock options vested in which the associated fair value was less than $0.1 million. The fair value of options which vested during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
The Company did not incur significant stock-based compensation expense related to stock options during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
Restricted Shares
The Company awarded 2,200 restricted stock grants to certain employees during 2014. These shares are subject only to a service condition and vest on the first anniversary date of the award so long as the employee remains with the Company.
During 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company issued 23,226, 29,498 and 19,532 shares, respectively, of its common stock to certain employees which are subject only to a service condition and vest ratably over three years so long as the employee remains with the Company.
The Company awarded 40,837, 41,480 and 60,665 restricted shares of common stock to certain employees during 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. These shares are subject only to a service condition and vest on the first anniversary date of the award. The awards were made to participants in the Company's Short-Term Incentive Compensation Plan ("STI"), where all STI participants whose target STI annual award exceeds $20 thousand receive 80% of the value in earned cash and 20% in the form of a restricted stock award upon finalization of the award amount in the first quarter each year, following the previous plan year.
The Company also awarded 243,124 restricted shares of common stock to certain Company key employees during the first quarter of 2014. Half of the restricted shares granted are service-based restricted stock units. These awards vest ratably over three years. The other half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the achievement of two performance metrics over a period of three calendar years, beginning on January 1, 2014 and ending on December 31, 2016. Of this award, 75% of the awards are earned based upon the Company's earnings per share ("EPS") cumulative average growth rate ("EPS CAGR") over the performance period. The remaining 25% of the grants are earned based upon the Company's three-year average return on invested capital ("ROIC"). ROIC is defined as the Company's after-tax operating profit, as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time, divided by the Company's last five-quarter average of invested capital. Invested capital is comprised of the Company's long-term debt plus shareholders' equity plus non-controlling interest, less cash held. Depending on the performance achieved for these two metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 200% of the target award for the ROIC metric and 250% of the target award for the EPS CAGR metric. However, if these performance metrics are not achieved, no award will be earned. The performance awards vest on a cliff basis at the end of the three-year performance period.
The Company awarded 238,808 and 206,064 restricted shares to certain Company key employees during 2013 and 2012. Half of the restricted shares granted are service-based restricted stock units. These awards vest ratably over three years. The other half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the achievement of two performance metrics over a period of three calendar years. Of this award, 75% of the awards are earned based upon the Company's earnings per share ("EPS") cumulative average growth rate ("EPS CAGR") over the performance period. The remaining 25% of the grants are earned based upon the Company's cash generation results. Cash generation is defined as the Company's cumulative three year cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditures, as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time, divided by the Company's three-year income from continuing operations as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time. Depending on the performance achieved for these two metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 200% of the target award for the cash flow metric and 250% of the target award for the EPS CAGR metric. The performance awards vest on a cliff basis at the end of the three-year performance period.
During 2012, the Company also awarded 166,530 restricted shares to certain Company key employees which are performance-based grants. Of this award, 60% are earned based on 2012 earnings per share growth, and the remaining 40% are earned based on the EPS CAGR for 2012 and 2013. Depending on the performance achieved for these two specific metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 250% of the target award. For the 60% of shares subject to the 2012 earnings per share growth metric only, the performance conditions were satisfied, resulting in an attainment level of 175% of target. This resulted in an additional 72,576 share grants during the first quarter of 2013. For the 40% of shares subject to the 2012-2013 EPS CAGR metric, the performance conditions were satisfied, resulting in an attainment level of 125% of target. This resulted in an additional 16,054 shares granted during 2014.
In addition, during 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company granted 20,832, 17,240 and 16,440 shares, respectively, of its common stock to its non-employee independent directors, which vest one year from date of grant so long as the director and/or Company does not terminate his services prior to the vesting date.
The Company allows for its non-employee independent directors to make an annual election to defer all or a portion of their director fees and to receive the deferred amount in cash or equity. Certain of the Company's directors have elected to defer all or a portion of their director fees and to receive the amount in Company common stock at a future date. The Company issued 10,140, 5,215 and 7,979 shares in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, related to director fee deferrals.
The Company also awarded 81,680 restricted shares to certain Company officers during 2011. Half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the Company achieving at least $2.00 of cumulative earnings per share for any consecutive four financial quarters beginning April 1, 2011 through September 30, 2013, where 50% of the restricted shares vest on the business day immediately following the release of earnings for the quarter in which the EPS performance measure is met (the "EPS Vesting Date") and the remaining 50% vest in two equal parts on the first and second anniversary of the EPS Vesting Date, all subject to continued employment as of each vesting date. The other half of the shares are subject to market conditions and are earned based upon the Company's stock price closing at or above each of $30 and $35 per share for 30 consecutive trading days (20,420 shares subject to each target stock price), with the last such trading day occurring on or prior to September 30, 2013. Once the target stock price is met, 50% of the restricted shares immediately vest and the remaining 50% vest in two equal parts on the first and second anniversary of the date on which the respective trading threshold is met, all subject to continued employment as of each vesting date. The Company estimated the grant-date fair value and estimated term of the awards subject to a market condition using a Monte Carlo simulation model, using the following weighted-average assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 1.0% and expected volatility of 70%. During 2013, the Company achieved the performance conditions for the restricted shares and the market conditions were satisfied.
Information related to restricted shares at December 31, 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Unvested
Restricted
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
 
654,400

 
$
26.00

 
 
 
 
  Granted
 
356,413

 
33.17

 
 
 
 
  Vested
 
(262,714
)
 
25.53

 
 
 
 
  Cancelled
 
(22,640
)
 
29.51

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
725,459

 
$
29.59

 
0.9
 
$
22,699,612

As of December 31, 2014, there was approximately $6.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares that is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted shares of approximately $7.4 million, $9.2 million and $9.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statement of income.