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Equity Awards
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Equity Awards
Equity Awards
The Company maintains the following long-term equity incentive plans (collectively, the "Plans"):
Plan Names
 
Shares Approved for Issuance
 
Fungible Ratio
2011 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan
 
2,850,000

 
1.75:1
2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan
 
2,435,877

 
2:1
2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan
 
1,786,123

 
1:1
The fungible ratio presented above applies to restricted shares of common stock. Stock options and stock appreciation rights have a fungible ratio of 1:1 (one granted option/appreciation right counts as one share against the aggregate available to issue) under each Plan. In addition, the 2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan expired in 2012, such that, while existing grants will remain outstanding until exercised, vested or cancelled, no new new shares may be issued under the plan.
Stock Options
The Company did not grant any stock options during 2013 or 2012. In 2011, the Company granted 17,030 stock options to certain key employees, each of which may be used to purchase one share of the Company's common stock. These stock options have a ten year life, vest ratably over three years from date of grant, have an exercise price of $21.55 and had a weighted-average fair value at grant date of $9.17. The fair value of these options at the grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted-average assumptions: expected life of six years, risk-free interest rate of 2.6% and expected volatility of 40%.
Information related to stock options at December 31, 2013 is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Stock Options
 
Weighted Average
Option Price
 
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
 
675,665

 
$
15.52

 
 
 
 
  Exercised
 
(333,217
)
 
21.27

 
 
 
 
  Cancelled
 

 

 
 
 
 
  Expired
 

 

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
 
342,448

 
$
9.92

 
4.0
 
$
10,262,180

As of December 31, 2013, 341,648 stock options were exercisable under the Plans. During 2013, 13,920 stock options vested in which the associated fair value was less than $0.1 million. The fair value of options which vested during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
The Company did not incur significant stock-based compensation expense related to stock options during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense related to options for the year ended December 31, 2011. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statement of income.
Restricted Shares
During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company issued 29,498, 19,532 and 49,360 shares, respectively, of its common stock to certain employees which are subject only to a service condition and vest ratably over three years so long as the employee remains with the Company.
The Company awarded 41,480, 60,665 and 81,851 restricted shares of common stock to certain employees during 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These shares are subject only to a service condition and vest on the first anniversary date of the award. The awards were made to participants in the Company's Short-Term Incentive Compensation Plan ("STI"), where, beginning in the 2010 plan year, all STI participants whose target STI annual award exceeds $20 thousand receive 80% of the value in earned cash and 20% in the form of a restricted stock award upon finalization of the award amount in the first quarter each year, following the previous plan year.
The Company also awarded 238,808 and 206,064 restricted shares to certain Company key employees during 2013 and 2012. Half of the restricted shares granted are service-based restricted stock units. These awards vest ratably over three years. The other half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the achievement of two performance metrics over a period of three calendar years. Of this award, 75% of the awards are earned based upon the Company's earnings per share ("EPS") cumulative average growth rate ("EPS CAGR") over the performance period. The remaining 25% of the grants are earned based upon the Company's cash generation results. Cash generation is defined as the Company's cumulative three year cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditures, as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time, divided by the Company's three-year income from continuing operations as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time. Depending on the performance achieved for these two metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 200% of the target award for the cash flow metric and 250% of the target award for the EPS CAGR metric. The performance awards vest on a "cliff" basis at the end of the three-year performance period.
During 2012, the Company also awarded 166,530 restricted shares to certain Company key employees which are performance-based grants. Of this award, 60% are earned based on 2012 earnings per share growth, and the remaining 40% are earned based on the EPS CAGR for 2012 and 2013. Depending on the performance achieved for these two specific metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 250% of the target award. For the 60% of shares subject to the 2012 earnings per share growth metric only, the performance conditions were satisfied, resulting in an attainment level of 175% of target. This resulted in an additional 72,576 share grants during the first quarter of 2013. For the 40% of shares subject to the 2012-2013 EPS CAGR metric, the performance conditions was satisfied, resulting in an attainment level of 125% of target.
In addition, during 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company granted 17,240, 16,440 and 19,392 shares, respectively, of its common stock to its non-employee independent directors, which vest one year from date of grant so long as the director and/or Company does not terminate his services prior to the vesting date.
The Company allows for its non-employee independent directors to make an annual election to defer all or a portion of their director fees and to receive the deferred amount in cash or equity. Certain of the Company's directors have elected to defer all or a portion of their director fees and to receive the amount in Company common stock at a future date. The Company issued 5,215, 7,979 and 9,123 shares in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, related to director fee deferrals.
The Company also awarded 81,680 restricted shares to certain Company officers during 2011. Half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the Company achieving at least $2.00 of cumulative earnings per share for any consecutive four financial quarters beginning April 1, 2011 through September 30, 2013, where 50% of the restricted shares vest on the business day immediately following the release of earnings for the quarter in which the EPS performance measure is met (the "EPS Vesting Date") and the remaining 50% vest in two equal parts on the first and second anniversary of the EPS Vesting Date, all subject to continued employment as of each vesting date. The other half of the shares are subject to market conditions and are earned based upon the Company's stock price closing at or above each of $30 and $35 per share for 30 consecutive trading days (20,420 shares subject to each target stock price), with the last such trading day occurring on or prior to September 30, 2013. Once the target stock price is met, 50% of the restricted shares immediately vest and the remaining 50% vest in two equal parts on the first and second anniversary of the date on which the respective trading threshold is met, all subject to continued employment as of each vesting date. The Company estimated the grant-date fair value and estimated term of the awards subject to a market condition using a Monte Carlo simulation model, using the following weighted-average assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 1.0% and expected volatility of 70%. During 2013, the Company achieved the performance conditions for the restricted shares and the market conditions were satisfied.
Information related to restricted shares at December 31, 2013 is as follows:
 
 
Number of
Unvested
Restricted
Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
 
636,037

 
$
22.02

 
 
 
 
  Granted
 
404,817

 
28.27

 
 
 
 
  Vested
 
(380,990
)
 
21.76

 
 
 
 
  Cancelled
 
(5,464
)
 
25.94

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
 
654,400

 
$
26.00

 
1.0
 
$
26,104,016

As of December 31, 2013, there was approximately $6.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares that is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted shares of approximately $9.2 million, $9.3 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statement of income.