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Share-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation Share-Based Compensation
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 0.2 million options outstanding.
The Company awards common stock and stock options to employees, consultants, and directors as compensation for their services, and accounts for its stock option awards to employees, consultants, and directors pursuant to the provisions of ASC 718. For the options with market conditions, the fair value of each award is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo valuation model and the fair value of each option recognized as compensation expense over the derived service period. For the options with performance conditions, the fair value of each award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Merton valuation model and the fair value of each option recognized as compensation expense over the implicit service period. For restricted stock and option awards only with service conditions, the fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Merton valuation model. The Company recognizes the fair value of each option as compensation expense ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the service period, which is generally the vesting period.
Effective as of December 3, 2010 and amended on August 3, 2018, the Company’s Board approved the 2010 Plan pursuant to which options or other similar securities may be granted. On December 22, 2023, the Company's shareholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2010 Plan. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2010 Plan increased from 1.0 million shares to 37.5 million shares. As of December 31, 2023, options available for issuance are 36.8 million shares.
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total share-based payments expense was $6.9 million and $10.6 million, respectively.
(a)Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:
Options
Outstanding		Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)		Aggregated
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2021174,750 $217.50 8.06$4,596,393 
Granted106,670 37.50 —— 
Exercised(579)66.25 —— 
Expired(8,310)260.00 —— 
Forfeited(4,208)218.75 —— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2022268,323 146.25 7.80— 
Granted2,800 4.75 —— 
Exercised— — —— 
Expired(47,211)146.70 —— 
Forfeited(22,679)105.49 —— 
Outstanding at December 31, 2023201,233 148.68 6.97— 
Vested as of December 31, 2023178,266 155.04 6.77— 
Expected to vest as of December 31, 202322,967 99.35 8.48— 
As of December 31, 2023, $0.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.46 years. The total intrinsic value of shares exercised in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively. This was due to none of the options being vested. The total fair value of shares vested in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $4.3 million and $8.4 million, respectively. Cash received from options exercised in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively.
For the options with performance and service conditions, the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options
granted in the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
Year ended
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Expected term (in years)
5.38
0.5 - 5.55
Expected volatility
128%
96% - 127%
Expected dividend yield— %— %
Risk free interest rate
3.91%
1.69% - 4.58%
(b)Warrants
In connection with certain of the Company’s service and fund raising agreements, the Company issued warrants to service providers and investors to purchase the common stock of the Company.
A summary of the warrants is as follows:
20232022
Warrants OutstandingNumber of
Warrants
Outstanding and
Exercisable		Number of
Warrants
Outstanding and
Exercisable		Exercise
Price
Acuitas Capital, LLC— 80,000 $36.25 
(c)Restricted Shares
In the year ended December 2022, the Company granted 0.1 million restricted shares to certain employees and directors under the 2010 Plan which was approved by the Board. The restricted shares were vested either immediately or over 24 months. The aggregated grant date fair value of all those restricted shares was $1.9 million.
In the year ended December 2023, the Company granted 0.2 million restricted shares to certain employees and directors under the 2010 Plan which was approved by the Board. The restricted shares were vested either immediately or over 24 months. The aggregated grant date fair value of all those restricted shares was $1.7 million.
A summary of the unvested restricted shares is as follows:
SharesWeighted-average fair value
Non-vested restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2021—$— 
Granted70,400 27.50 
Forfeited— — 
Vested(40,800)31.25 
Non-vested restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 202229,600 
Granted222,000 7.87 
Forfeited(17,983)26.51 
Vested(232,200)8.88 
Non-vested restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 20231,417 $4.75 
As of December 31, 2023, there was $6.7 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares.