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Share-Based Payment Arrangements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Share-Based Payment Arrangements [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payment Arrangements
10. Share-Based Payment Arrangements

Our share-based compensation to employees includes non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and shares issued under our Purchase Plans, which are compensatory under ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. We account for share-based compensation to non-employees, including non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, in accordance with ASC 505 Equity.

Compensation cost for share-based awards will be recognized in our financial statements over the related requisite service periods; usually the vesting periods for awards with a service condition. We have made an accounting policy decision to use the straight-line method of attribution of compensation expense, under which the grant date fair value of share-based awards will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for the total award.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)

We have adopted two stock incentive plans, the 1996 Amended Stock Incentive Plan (terminated in 2006) and the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan. Under these Plans as amended, up to 5,000 and 11,450 shares of common stock, respectively, have been reserved for the issuance of awards to employees, consultants, directors and other individuals who render services to Progenics (collectively, Awardees). The Plans contain anti-dilution provisions in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other capital adjustment as defined. Each Plan provides for the Board or Committee to grant to Awardees stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance awards or phantom stock, as defined (collectively, Awards). The Committee is also authorized to determine the term and vesting of each Award and the Committee may in its discretion accelerate the vesting of an Award at any time. Stock options granted under the Plans generally vest pro rata over three to five years and have terms of ten years. Restricted stock issued under either Plan generally vested annually over three to five years, unless specified otherwise by the Committee. The exercise price of outstanding non-qualified stock options is usually equal to the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of non-qualified stock options granted from the 2005 Plan and incentive stock options (ISO) granted from the Plans may not be lower than the fair value of our common stock on the dates of grant. At December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, all outstanding stock options were non-qualified options. The 2005 Plan will terminate on March 25, 2024; options granted before termination of the Plans will continue under the respective Plans until exercised, cancelled or expired.

We apply a forfeiture rate to the number of unvested awards in each reporting period in order to estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest. Estimated forfeiture rates are based upon historical data on vesting behavior of employees. We adjust the total amount of compensation cost recognized for each award, in the period in which each award vests, to reflect the actual forfeitures related to that award. Changes in our estimated forfeiture rate will result in changes in the rate at which compensation cost for an award is recognized over its vesting period.

Under ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation, the fair value of each non-qualified stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires input assumptions noted in the following table. Ranges of assumptions for inputs are disclosed where the value of such assumptions varied during the related period. Historical volatilities are based upon daily quoted market prices of our common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC over a period equal to the expected term of the related equity instruments. We rely only on historical volatility since it provides the most reliable indication of future volatility. Future volatility is expected to be consistent with historical; historical volatility is calculated using a simple average calculation; historical data is available for the length of the option's expected term and a sufficient number of price observations are used consistently. Since our stock options are not traded on a public market, we do not use implied volatility. For 2014, 2013 and 2012 our expected term was calculated based upon historical data related to exercise and post-termination cancellation activity; accordingly, for grants issued to employees and directors and officers, we are using expected terms of 5.3 and 7.5 years, 5.3 and 7.4 years and 5.4 and 7.4 years, respectively. The expected term for options granted to non-employees was also calculated separately from stock options granted to employees and directors and officers and was ten years, which is the contractual term of those options. We have never paid dividends and do not expect to pay dividends in the future. Therefore, our dividend rate is zero. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The following table presents assumptions used in computing the fair value of option grants during 2014, 2013 and 2012:

 
2014
  
2013
  
2012
     
Expected volatility
 
74% – 84%
 
  
73% – 90%
 
  
70% – 85%
Expected dividends
Zero
  
Zero
  
Zero
Expected term (years)
 
5.3 – 7.5
   
5.3 – 10
   
5.3 – 10
Weighted average expected term (years)
 
5.93
   
5.96
   
6.11
Risk-free rate
 
1.64% – 2.42%
 
  
0.76% – 2.83%
 
  
0.57% – 1.71%


PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)
 
A summary of option activity under the Plans as of December 31, 2014 and changes during the year then ended is presented below:

Options
 
Shares
  
Weighted Average Exercise Price
  
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Yr.)
  
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
        
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
  
5,249
  
$
10.94
    
Granted
  
993
   
4.66
    
Exercised
  
(77
)
  
5.54
    
Forfeited
  
(324
)
  
6.00
    
Expired
  
(423
)
  
13.52
    
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
  
5,418
   
9.96
   
5.79
  
$
6,856
Exercisable at December 31, 2014
  
4,115
  
$
11.40
   
4.89
  
$
3,798


The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted under the Plans during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $3.41, $3.74 and $6.38, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $102, $11 and $174, respectively.

The options granted under the Plans, described above, include non-qualified stock options granted to our former CEO on July 3, 2006. For the 2006 award, the requisite service period is the shortest of the explicit or implied service periods and the explicit service period for this award is nine years and 11 months from the grant date.

At December 31, 2014, the estimated requisite service period for the 2006 award was 1.5 years. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, the total compensation expense recognized for the performance-based options was $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

The total compensation expense of shares, granted to both employees and non-employees, under all of our share-based payment arrangements that was recognized in operations during 2014, 2013 and 2012 was:

  
2014
  
2013
  
2012
Recognized as:
     
Research and Development
 
$
1,843
  
$
2,012
  
$
4,060
General and Administrative
  
1,680
   
1,534
   
2,476
Total
 
$
3,523
  
$
3,546
  
$
6,536
 
No tax benefit was recognized related to such compensation cost because of the Company's net operating losses and the related deferred tax assets were fully offset by valuation allowance. Accordingly, no amounts related to windfall tax benefits have been reported in cash flows from operations or cash flows from financing activities for the periods presented.

As of December 31, 2014, there was $3.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options under the 1996 and 2005 Plans. Those costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2 years. Cash received from exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for 2014 was $0.4 million. We issue new shares of our common stock upon share option exercises.
PROGENICS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued
(amounts in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)

In applying the treasury stock method for the calculation of diluted EPS, amounts of unrecognized compensation expense and windfall tax benefits are required to be included in the assumed proceeds in the denominator of the diluted EPS calculation unless they are anti-dilutive. We reported net income for 2014 and included the dilutive effect of unrecognized compensation expense in the assumed proceeds in the denominator of the diluted EPS calculation. The shares to be issued upon the assumed conversion of the contingent consideration liability in 2014 and 2013 have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. We incurred net losses for 2013 and 2012 and, therefore, such amounts have not been included in the calculations for those periods since they would be anti-dilutive. As a result, basic and diluted EPS are the same for the 2013 and 2012 periods. We have made an accounting policy decision to calculate windfall tax benefits/shortfalls, for purposes of diluted EPS calculation, excluding the impact of deferred tax assets. This policy decision will apply when we have net income and windfall tax benefits/shortfalls are realizable.