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Note 7 - Share-based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

7.	Share-based Compensation

Service Vesting-Based Stock Options

The following is a summary of service vesting-based stock option activity for the six month period ended June 30, 2020 and the status of service vesting-based options outstanding at June 30, 2020:

	Six Month Period Ended
	June 30, 2020
				Wtd. Avg.
				Exercise
	Options			Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		1,570,455		$	1.96
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(393,680	)	$	1.92
Forfeited		—		$	—
Expired		—		$	—
Outstanding service vesting-based at June 30, 2020		1,176,775		$	1.98

Service vesting-based options exercisable at June 30, 2020		1,148,338		$	1.94

We recognized stock compensation expense related to service vesting-based options of $28,000 and $95,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $89,000 and $240,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, there was $16.9 million of aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding service vesting-based stock options, including $16.5 million of aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable service vesting-based stock options. Intrinsic value is the total pretax intrinsic value for all “in-the-money” options (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2020. This amount will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. Intrinsic value of service vesting-based awards exercised during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $4.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively. There were no service based-vesting options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The weighted average remaining contractual life of service vesting-based options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2020 is 4.1 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost of service vesting-based stock options at June 30, 2020 of $58,000 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.

Performance-based Stock Options

The following is a summary of performance-based stock option activity for the six month period ended June 30, 2020, and the status of performance-based options outstanding at June 30, 2020:

	Six Month Period Ended
	June 30, 2020
				Wtd. Avg.
				Exercise
	Options			Price
Outstanding at beginning of year		737,497		$	1.64
Granted		—		$	—
Exercised		(17,113	)	$	1.64
Outstanding performance-based at June 30, 2020		720,384		$	1.64

Performance-based options exercisable at June 30, 2020		720,384		$	1.64

All compensation cost of performance-based stock options outstanding was recognized as of December 31, 2018. As of June 30, 2020, there was $10.6 million of aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable performance-based stock options. Intrinsic value is the total pretax intrinsic value for all “in-the-money” options (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2020. This amount will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. Intrinsic value of performance-based awards exercised during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 was none and $239,000, respectively, and in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was none. The weighted average remaining contractual life of performance-based options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2020 is 1.5 years.

There were no stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors in the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Restricted Stock

Service vesting-based restricted stock

The following is a summary of service vesting-based restricted stock activity for the six month period ended June 30, 2020, and the status of unvested service vesting-based restricted stock outstanding at June 30, 2020:

	Six Month Period Ended
	June 30, 2020
Service vesting-based restricted stock	Number of Restricted Shares			Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year		429,399		$	13.25
Granted		235,215		$	12.03
Granted in lieu of cash		34,154		$	9.18
Vested		(88,390	)	$	11.89
Forfeited		(20,661	)	$	14.62
Outstanding at June 30, 2020		589,717		$	12.68

The aggregate fair value of the service vesting-based awards granted during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.5 million and $548,000, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which represents the market value of our common stock on the date that the restricted stock awards were granted. The aggregate fair value of the service vesting-based awards that vested during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $406,000 and $369,000, respectively and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.2 million.

On March 25, 2020 our board of directors granted 34,154 restricted stock awards, based on a fair value on the grant date of $9.18 per share, in lieu of the 2019 cash performance bonus for our executive compensation plan. The award vests in full on September 25, 2020 regardless of employment status on that date. All expenses related to these awards were incurred in the year ended December 31, 2019.

We recognized stock compensation expense of $466,000 and $268,000 related to service vesting-based awards for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $860,000 and $522,000 related to service vesting-based awards for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, there was $6.6 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to service vesting-based awards. We expect to recognize those costs over 3.2 years.

Performance-based restricted stock

On March 25, 2020 the Company granted 82,805 shares of performance-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a performance condition based on several Company metrics related to 2020 performance. The performance-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 125% of the number of restricted shares granted to each recipient. The grant date fair value of this award was $9.18 per share. The fair value of this award will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period ending on December 31, 2020.

The following is a summary of performance-based restricted stock activity for the six month period ended June 30, 2020, and the status of unvested service vesting-based restricted stock outstanding at June 30, 2020:

	Six Month Period Ended
	June 30, 2020
Performance-based restricted stock	Number of Restricted Shares		Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year		—	$	—
Expected to vest		82,805	$	9.18
Vested		—	$	—
Forfeited		—	$	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2020		82,805	$	9.18

We recognized stock compensation expense of $189,000 and $378,000 related to performance-based restricted stock awards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, there was $382,000 in unrecognized non-cash compensation costs related to performance-based restricted stock awards expected to vest. We expect to recognize those costs over .5 years.

Market-based restricted stock

On February 25, 2019 the Company granted 94,247 shares and on April 1, 2019 granted 29,604 shares of market-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”). The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. The market-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 200% of the number of restricted shares granted to each recipient based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 69%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 2.5%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. The fair value of this award will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the grant date to the vesting date of December 31, 2020.

On March 25, 2020 the Company granted 109,140 shares of market-based stock to its executives in the form of restricted stock. The shares granted contain a market condition based on TSR. The TSR market condition measures the Company’s performance against a peer group. The market-based restricted stock awards will vest as to between 0% and 200% of the number of restricted shares granted to each recipient based on our total shareholder return during the period beginning on January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021 as compared to the total shareholder return of 20 of our peers. The fair value of this award was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions: a historical volatility of 78%, 0% dividend yield and a risk-free interest rate of 0.3%. The historical volatility was based on the most recent 2-year period for the Company and correlated with the components of the peer group. The stock price projection for the Company and the components of the peer group assumes a 0% dividend yield. This is mathematically equivalent to reinvesting dividends in the issuing entity over the performance period. The risk-free interest is based on the yield on the U.S. Treasury Strips as of the Measurement Date with a maturity consistent with the 2-year term associated with the market condition of the award. The fair value of this award will be expensed on a straight-line basis over the grant date to the vesting date of December 31, 2021.

We recognized stock compensation expense of $462,000 and $455,000 related to market-based restricted stock awards for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $931,000 and $587,000 related to market-based restricted stock awards for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, there was $1.9 million in unrecognized non-cash compensation costs related to market-based restricted stock awards expected to vest. We expect to recognize those costs over 1 year.

Total Stock Compensation Expense

We recorded total stock compensation expense for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, as follows:

	Three Month Period Ended				Six Month Period Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(In thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development costs	$	222	$	168	$	397	$	235
Sales and marketing costs		96		171		325		326
General and administrative costs		699		439		1,275		716
Cost of product sales		128		40		261		72
Total	$	1,145	$	818	$	2,258	$	1,349