tmcc-10q_20181231.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of January 31, 2019, the number of outstanding shares of capital stock, no par value per share, of the registrant was 91,500, all of which shares were held by Toyota Financial Services International Corporation.

The registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this Form with the reduced disclosure format.

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	December 31,					December 31,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
Financing revenues:
Operating lease	$	2,212	$	2,068		$	6,505	$	6,065
Retail		578		498			1,660		1,462
Dealer		178		140			529		424
Total financing revenues		2,968		2,706			8,694		7,951
Depreciation on operating leases		1,717		1,778			5,145		5,178
Interest expense		699		428			2,083		1,328
Net financing revenues		552		500			1,466		1,445

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues		226		220			676		657
Investment and other income, net		68		66			164		210
Net financing revenues and other revenues		846		786			2,306		2,312

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		110		108			266		320
Operating and administrative		347		323			1,019		973
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		106		100			343		316
Total expenses		563		531			1,628		1,609

Income before income taxes		283		255			678		703
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		69		(2,821	)		178		(2,655	)

Net income	$	214	$	3,076		$	500	$	3,358

	December 31,			March 31,
	2018			2018
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,929		$	3,540
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		982			1,219
Investments in marketable securities		2,902			5,829
Finance receivables, net		69,587			69,647
Investments in operating leases, net		38,562			38,697
Other assets		2,160			1,614
Total assets	$	119,122		$	120,546

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY
Debt	$	95,929		$	98,353
Deferred income taxes		5,459			5,326
Other liabilities		4,454			3,987
Total liabilities		105,842			107,666

Commitments and contingencies (Refer to Note 11)

Shareholder’s equity:
Capital stock, no par value (100,000 shares authorized; 91,500 issued and outstanding) at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018		915			915
Additional paid-in capital		2			2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(7	)		(29	)
Retained earnings		12,370			11,992
Total shareholder's equity		13,280			12,880
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity	$	119,122		$	120,546

The following table presents the assets and liabilities of our consolidated variable interest entities (Refer to Note 9).

					Accumulated
			Additional		other
	Capital		paid-in		comprehensive			Retained
	stock		capital		income (loss)			earnings		Total
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	915	$	2	$	25		$	8,582	$	9,524

Net income for the nine months ended December 31, 2017		-		-		-			3,358		3,358
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		(15	)		-		(15	)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	915	$	2	$	10		$	11,940	$	12,867

	Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	500		$	3,358
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,217			5,237
Recognition of deferred income		(1,747	)		(1,467	)
Provision for credit losses		266			320
Amortization of deferred costs		464			459
Foreign currency and other adjustments to the carrying value of debt, net		(867	)		1,219
Net losses (gains) from investments in marketable securities		60			(45	)
Net change in:
Derivative assets		4			(27	)
Other assets and accrued interest		(49	)		(79	)
Deferred income taxes		163			(2,520	)
Derivative liabilities		(3	)		(46	)
Other liabilities		245			70
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,253			6,479

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of investments in marketable securities		(1,094	)		(6,501	)
Proceeds from sales of investments in marketable securities		1,708			1,333
Proceeds from maturities of investments in marketable securities		2,265			4,757
Acquisition of finance receivables		(18,433	)		(19,257	)
Collection of finance receivables		18,050			18,003
Net change in wholesale and certain working capital receivables		610			758
Acquisition of investments in operating leases		(12,604	)		(12,562	)
Disposals of investments in operating leases		8,526			7,221
Long term loans to affiliates		(569	)		-
Payments on long term loans from affiliates		29			-
Net change in financing support provided to affiliates		-			244
Other, net		(32	)		(53	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,544	)		(6,057	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt		16,906			16,124
Payments on debt		(16,954	)		(18,486	)
Net change in commercial paper		(1,509	)		1,407
Net change in financing support provided by affiliates		-			7
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,557	)		(948	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		1,152			(526	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		4,759			5,285
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	5,911		$	4,759
Supplemental disclosures:
Interest paid, net	$	1,655		$	1,302
Income taxes paid, net	$	30		$	73

The information furnished in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial information reflects all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 do not necessarily indicate the results which may be expected for the full fiscal year ending March 31, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”).

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, significant accounting policies, and other Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Toyota Motor Credit Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 (“fiscal 2018”), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 4, 2018. References herein to “TMCC” denote Toyota Motor Credit Corporation, and references herein to “we”, “our”, and “us” denote Toyota Motor Credit Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Related party transactions are disclosed in Note 13 – Related Party Transactions.

We adopted new guidance related to the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers (“revenue recognition guidance”). We utilized the modified retrospective approach and applied it to active agreements at the time of adoption. As such, the comparative information in this Form 10-Q has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The majority of our total consolidated revenues are outside the scope of the standard; however, the majority of revenue reported by our Insurance operations segment falls within the scope of the revenue recognition guidance. Upon adoption, fees collected for administering certain vehicle and payment protection products are now recognized using the same measure as the related product revenue and certain dealer incentives are now capitalized and amortized over the contract term instead of expensed as incurred.

While the adoption of the revenue recognition guidance has changed the timing of recognition of certain revenues and expenses, the total revenue and expense recognized over the contract term will not change as a result of adopting the standard. We do not expect the adoption to be significant to our net income on an ongoing basis.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 1, 2018 for the adoption of the revenue recognition guidance was as follows:

The impact on our Consolidated Statement of Income for the adoption of the revenue recognition guidance was as follows:

The effect of adoption of the revenue recognition guidance on our Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was not significant.

The impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheet for the adoption of revenue recognition guidance was as follows:

In connection with the adoption of revenue recognition guidance, we have updated our accounting policies as follows:

The Insurance operations segment offers vehicle and payment protection products on Toyota, Lexus and other domestic and import vehicles that are sold by dealers along with the sale of a vehicle.

We receive the contractually determined dealer cost at the inception of the contract. Revenue is then deferred and recognized over the term of the contract according to earnings factors established by management that are based upon historical loss experience. Contracts sold range in term from 3 to 120 months and are typically cancellable at any time. The effect of subsequent cancellations is recorded as an offset to unearned contract revenues in Other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We adopted new guidance addressing certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments that requires entities to measure equity investments at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income. On April 1, 2018, we recognized the cumulative effect of adoption by recording a reduction to our opening retained earnings of approximately $12 million, net of income taxes.

In connection with the adoption of the new recognition and measurement guidance, we have updated our accounting policies as follows:

Debt securities designated as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value using quoted market prices where available with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of applicable taxes. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method and are included in Investment and other income, net within our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Beginning on April 1, 2018, equity investments are recorded at fair value using quoted market prices where available, with changes in fair value included in Investment and other income, net within our Consolidated Statements of Income. Realized gains and losses from sales are determined using the first in first out method.

We adopted new guidance intended to reduce diversity in practice in the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

We adopted new guidance clarifying how restricted cash and cash equivalents should be classified and presented on the statement of cash flows. This guidance was intended to reduce diversity in practice in the classification of restricted cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. Effective April 1, 2018, we no longer report the change in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the operating and investing sections in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Restricted cash and cash equivalents are now included in the beginning and end of the period cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These changes have been applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented.

We early adopted new guidance that allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”). The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued new guidance that introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet and aligns many of the underlying principles of the new lessor model with those in the new revenue recognition standard. The FASB also subsequently issued guidance amending and clarifying various aspects of the new leases guidance. The new leasing standard represents a wholesale change to lease accounting for lessees and requires additional disclosures regarding leasing arrangements. We will adopt the new lease guidance on April 1, 2019 using the optional transition method and do not expect a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Upon adoption, we expect to recognize lease liabilities and right-of-use assets (at their present value) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the future minimum lease payments disclosed in Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies. While our assessment is not complete, we do not expect this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that introduces a new impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses for certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The FASB also subsequently issued guidance amending and clarifying aspects of the new impairment model. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2020. We expect this new guidance will result in an increase in our allowance for credit losses with a cumulative-effect adjustment to our opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. The magnitude of the increase in our allowance for credit losses is under evaluation. We are currently evaluating the other potential impacts of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued new guidance that requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2019. We do not expect this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2017, the FASB issued new guidance that makes targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities. This guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires, for qualifying hedges, the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The guidance provides new alternatives for applying hedge accounting and measuring the hedged item in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as we no longer have hedge accounting derivatives as of September 30, 2018.

In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that modifies disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement guidance. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the potential impacts of this guidance on our disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a cloud computing arrangement that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the potential impacts of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In October 2018, the FASB issued new guidance that requires indirect interests held through related parties in common control arrangements to be considered on a proportional basis for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. This accounting guidance is effective for us on April 1, 2021. We are currently evaluating the potential impacts of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables summarize our financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy except for certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the leveling information provided in the tables below. Fair value amounts presented below are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	December 31, 2018
									Counterparty
									netting &			Fair
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			collateral			value
Investments in marketable securities:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	187	$	18		$	-		$	-		$	205
Municipal debt securities	-			10			-			-			10
Commercial paper	-			189			-			-			189
Corporate debt securities	-			175			-			-			175
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency	-			36			-			-			36
Non-agency residential	-			-			2			-			2
Non-agency commercial	-			-			39			-			39
Asset-backed securities	-			-			48			-			48
Available-for-sale debt securities total		187		428			89			-			704
Equity investments:
Fixed income mutual funds:
Fixed income mutual funds measured at net asset value													667
Total return bond funds		1,531		-			-			-			1,531
Equity investments total		1,531		-			-			-			2,198
Investments in marketable securities total		1,718		428			89			-			2,902
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps		-		607			-			-			607
Foreign currency swaps		-		78			-			-			78
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			(628	)		(628	)
Derivative assets total		-		685			-			(628	)		57
Assets at fair value		1,718		1,113			89			(628	)		2,959
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps		-		(591	)		(30	)		-			(621	)
Foreign currency swaps		-		(756	)		-			-			(756	)
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			1,374			1,374
Liabilities at fair value		-		(1,347	)		(30	)		1,374			(3	)
Net assets at fair value	$	1,718	$	(234	)	$	59		$	746		$	2,956

	March 31, 2018
									Counterparty
									netting &			Fair
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			collateral			value
Available-for-sale securities:
Debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	2,774	$	24		$	-		$	-		$	2,798
Municipal debt securities		-		11			-			-			11
Certificates of deposit		-		474			-			-			474
Commercial paper		-		52			-			-			52
Corporate debt securities		15		186			-			-			201
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency		-		39			-			-			39
Non-agency residential		-		-			2			-			2
Non-agency commercial		-		-			29			-			29
Asset-backed securities		-		-			39			-			39
Equity investments:
Fixed income mutual funds:
Fixed income mutual funds measured at net asset value													660
Total return bond funds		1,524		-			-			-			1,524
Available-for-sale securities total		4,313		786			70			-			5,829
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps		-		872			-			-			872
Interest rate floors		-		1			-			-			1
Foreign currency swaps		-		485			-			-			485
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			(1,297	)		(1,297	)
Derivative assets total		-		1,358			-			(1,297	)		61
Assets at fair value		4,313		2,144			70			(1,297	)		5,890
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps		-		(607	)		(21	)		-			(628	)
Foreign currency swaps		-		(200	)		-			-			(200	)
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			822			822
Liabilities at fair value		-		(807	)		(21	)		822			(6	)
Net assets at fair value	$	4,313	$	1,337		$	49		$	(475	)	$	5,884

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of their respective reporting periods. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 resulted from changes in the transparency of inputs and were not significant.

The following tables summarize the rollforward of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
												Total net
									Derivative			assets
	Available-for-sale debt securities								instruments, net			(liabilities)

						Total
	Mortgage-		Asset-			available-			Interest
	backed		backed			for-sale debt			rate
	securities		securities			securities			swaps
Fair value, October 1, 2018	$	30	$	46		$	76		$	(59	)	$	17
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-		-			-			23			23
Included in other comprehensive income		-		-			-			-			-
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		11		5			16			-			16
Issuances		-		-			-			-			-
Sales		-		-			-			-			-
Settlements		-		(3	)		(3	)		6			3
Transfers in to Level 3		-		-			-			-			-
Transfers out of Level 3		-		-			-			-			-
Fair value, December 31, 2018	$	41	$	48		$	89		$	(30	)	$	59
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date									$	23		$	23

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
															Total net
												Derivative			assets
	Available-for-sale securities											instruments, net			(liabilities)

									Total
	Corporate		Mortgage-			Asset-			available-			Interest
	debt		backed			backed			for-sale			rate
	securities		securities			securities			securities			swaps
Fair value, October 1, 2017	$	8	$	40		$	36		$	84		$	(12	)	$	72
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-		-			-			-			6			6
Included in other comprehensive income		-		-			(1	)		(1	)		-			(1	)
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		-		-			10			10			-			10
Issuances		-		-			-			-			-			-
Sales		-		-			-			-			-			-
Settlements		-		(4	)		(7	)		(11	)		4			(7	)
Transfers in to Level 3		-		-			-			-			-			-
Transfers out of Level 3		-		-			-			-			-			-
Fair value, December 31, 2017	$	8	$	36		$	38		$	82		$	(2	)	$	80
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date												$	6		$	6

	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
													Total net
										Derivative			assets
	Available-for-sale debt securities									instruments, net			(liabilities)

							Total
	Mortgage-			Asset-			available-			Interest
	backed			backed			for-sale debt			rate
	securities			securities			securities			swaps
Fair value, April 1, 2018	$	31		$	39		$	70		$	(21	)	$	49
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-			-			-			5			5
Included in other comprehensive income		-			-			-			-			-
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		16			25			41			-			41
Issuances		-			-			-			-			-
Sales		-			(4	)		(4	)		-			(4	)
Settlements		(6	)		(12	)		(18	)		(14	)		(32	)
Transfers in to Level 3		-			-			-			-			-
Transfers out of Level 3		-			-			-			-			-
Fair value, December 31, 2018	$	41		$	48		$	89		$	(30	)	$	59
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date										$	5		$	5

	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017
																								Total net
															Derivative									assets
	Available-for-sale securities														instruments, net									(liabilities)

	U.S.											Total									Total
	government			Corporate		Mortgage-			Asset-			available-			Interest			Foreign			derivative
	and agency			debt		backed			backed			for-sale			rate			currency			assets
	obligations			securities		securities			securities			securities			swaps			swaps			(liabilities)
Fair value, April 1, 2017	$	2		$	8	$	39		$	31		$	80		$	(5	)	$	(62	)	$	(67	)	$	13
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-			-		-			-			-			24			7			31			31
Included in other comprehensive income		-			-		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		-			-		5			26			31			-			-			-			31
Issuances		-			-		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales		-			-		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Settlements		-			-		(8	)		(19	)		(27	)		(21	)		55			34			7
Transfers in to Level 3		-			-		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Transfers out of Level 3		(2	)		-		-			-			(2	)		-			-			-			(2	)
Fair value, December 31, 2017	$	-		$	8	$	36		$	38		$	82		$	(2	)	$	-		$	(2	)	$	80
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date															$	24		$	-		$	24		$	24

Nonrecurring fair value measurements include Level 3 net finance receivables that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments utilizing the fair value of the underlying collateral when there is evidence of impairment. We did not have any significant nonrecurring fair value items as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018.

The Level 3 financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which are subject to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurement, and the corresponding change in the fair value measurements of these assets and liabilities, were not significant to our Consolidated Balance Sheets or Consolidated Statements of Income as of and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and as of and for the year ended March 31, 2018.

The following tables provide information about assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	December 31, 2018
	Carrying								Total Fair
	value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Financial assets
Finance receivables, net
Retail loan	$	53,014	$	-	$	-	$	52,817	$	52,817
Wholesale		9,513		-		-		9,572		9,572
Real estate		4,455		-		-		4,267		4,267
Working capital		2,422		-		-		2,437		2,437

Financial liabilities
Commercial paper	$	25,794	$	-	$	25,794	$	-	$	25,794
Unsecured notes and loans payable		56,825		-		54,943		2,300		57,243
Secured notes and loans payable		13,310		-		-		13,289		13,289

	March 31, 2018
	Carrying								Total Fair
	value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Financial assets
Finance receivables, net
Retail loan	$	52,374	$	-	$	-	$	52,081	$	52,081
Wholesale		10,365		-		-		10,413		10,413
Real estate		4,492		-		-		4,409		4,409
Working capital		2,222		-		-		2,197		2,197

Financial liabilities
Commercial paper	$	27,313	$	-	$	27,313	$	-	$	27,313
Unsecured notes and loans payable		57,402		-		55,441		2,341		57,782
Secured notes and loans payable		13,638		-		-		13,588		13,588

The carrying value of each class of finance receivables includes accrued interest and deferred fees and costs, net of deferred income and the allowance for credit losses. Finance receivables, net, excludes related party transactions, for which the fair value approximates the carrying value, of $180 million and $189 million at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Fair values of related party finance receivables, net are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

For Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash and cash equivalents on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, the fair value approximates the carrying value and these instruments are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Investments in marketable securities consist of debt securities and equity investments. We classify all of our debt securities as available-for-sale. Prior to April 1, 2018, our equity investments were also considered available-for-sale. However, upon the adoption of new accounting guidance, all equity investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	cost		gains		losses			value
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	209	$	1	$	(5	)	$	205
Municipal debt securities		9		1	-				10
Commercial paper		189	-		-				189
Corporate debt securities		180	-			(5	)		175
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency		36		1		(1	)		36
Non-agency residential		1		1	-				2
Non-agency commercial		40	-			(1	)		39
Asset-backed securities		48	-		-				48
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	712	$	4	$	(12	)	$	704
Equity investments								$	2,198
Total investments in marketable securities								$	2,902

	March 31, 2018
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	cost		gains		losses			value
Available-for-sale securities:
Debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	2,821	$	-	$	(23	)	$	2,798
Municipal debt securities		10		1		-			11
Certificates of deposit		475		-		(1	)		474
Commercial paper		52		-		-			52
Corporate debt securities		203		1		(3	)		201
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency		38		1		-			39
Non-agency residential		1		1		-			2
Non-agency commercial		30		-		(1	)		29
Asset-backed securities		39		-		-			39
Equity investments		2,196		11		(23	)		2,184
Total investments in marketable securities	$	5,865	$	15	$	(51	)	$	5,829

A portion of our equity investments are investments in funds that are privately placed and managed by an open-end investment management company (the “Trust”). If we elect to redeem shares, the Trust will normally redeem all shares for cash, but may, in unusual circumstances, redeem amounts exceeding the lesser of $250 thousand or 1 percent of the Trust’s asset value by payment in kind of securities held by the respective fund during any 90-day period.

We also invest in actively traded open-end mutual funds. Redemptions are subject to normal terms and conditions as described in each fund’s prospectus.

Available-for-sale debt securities in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months and greater than twelve months were not significant as of December 31, 2018. Available-for-sale debt securities and equity investments in a continuous loss position for less than twelve months and for greater than twelve months were not significant as of March 31, 2018.

The following table represents gains and losses on our investments in marketable securities presented in our Consolidated Statements of Income:

Prior to April 1, 2018, available-for-sale securities included debt securities and equity investments. Upon adoption of the new accounting guidance, equity investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

The amortized cost, fair value, and contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities are summarized in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Finance receivables, net consist of retail receivables and dealer financing, which includes accrued interest and deferred fees and costs, net of the allowance for credit losses and deferred income. Finance receivables, net also includes securitized retail receivables, which represent retail receivables that have been sold for legal purposes to securitization trusts but continue to be included in our consolidated financial statements, as discussed further in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities. Cash flows from these securitized retail receivables are available only for the repayment of debt issued by these trusts and other obligations arising from the securitization transactions. They are not available for payment of our other obligations or to satisfy claims of our other creditors.

We are exposed to credit risk on our finance receivables. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the failure of customers or dealers to meet the terms of their contracts with us or otherwise fail to perform as agreed.

The retail loan portfolio segment consists of one class of finance receivables. While we use various credit quality metrics to develop our allowance for credit losses on the retail loan portfolio segment, we primarily utilize the aging of the individual accounts to monitor the credit quality of these finance receivables. Based on our experience, the payment status of borrowers is the strongest indicator of the credit quality of the underlying receivables. Payment status also impacts charge-offs.

Individual borrower accounts within the retail loan segment are segregated into aging categories based on the number of days outstanding. The aging for each class of finance receivables is updated monthly.

For the three classes of finance receivables within the dealer products portfolio segment (wholesale, real estate and working capital), all loans outstanding for an individual dealer or dealer group, which includes affiliated entities, are aggregated and evaluated collectively by dealer or dealer group. This reflects the interconnected nature of financing provided to our individual dealer and dealer group customers, and their affiliated entities.

When assessing the credit quality of the finance receivables within the dealer products portfolio segment, we segregate the finance receivables account balances into four categories representing distinct credit quality indicators based on internal risk assessments. The internal risk assessments for all finance receivables within the dealer products portfolio segment are updated on a monthly basis.

The tables below present each credit quality indicator by class of finance receivables:

	Wholesale				Real Estate				Working Capital
	December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018		2018		2018		2018		2018
Credit quality indicators:
Performing	$	8,540	$	9,451	$	3,999	$	4,070	$	2,338	$	2,118
Credit Watch		938		946		521		484		92		105
At Risk		176		75		69		29		62		33
Default		5		41		-		47		4		21
Total	$	9,659	$	10,513	$	4,589	$	4,630	$	2,496	$	2,277

The following table summarizes the information related to our impaired loans by class of finance receivables:

	Impaired								Individually Evaluated
	Finance Receivables				Unpaid Principal Balance				Allowance
	December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018		2018		2018		2018		2018

Impaired account balances individually evaluated for impairment with an allowance:
Wholesale	$	168	$	107	$	168	$	107	$	21	$	14
Real estate		64		86		64		86		6		5
Working capital		66		55		66		55		61		51
Total	$	298	$	248	$	298	$	248	$	88	$	70

Impaired account balances individually evaluated for impairment without an allowance:
Wholesale	$	125	$	83	$	125	$	83
Real estate		153		142		153		142
Working capital		20		22		20		22
Total	$	298	$	247	$	298	$	247

Impaired account balances aggregated and evaluated for impairment:
Retail loan	$	225	$	222	$	223	$	220

Total impaired account balances:
Retail loan	$	225	$	222	$	223	$	220
Wholesale		293		190		293		190
Real estate		217		228		217		228
Working capital		86		77		86		77
Total	$	821	$	717	$	819	$	715

As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the impaired finance receivables balance for accounts in the dealer products portfolio segment that were on nonaccrual status was $322 million and $249 million, respectively, and there were no charge-offs against the allowance for credit losses for these finance receivables. Therefore, the impaired finance receivables balance is equal to the unpaid principal balance. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, impaired finance receivables in the retail portfolio segment recorded at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs were not significant and therefore excluded from the table above. Refer to Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses for details related to the retail loan portfolio segment’s impaired account balances which are aggregated and evaluated for impairment when determining the allowance for credit losses.

The following table summarizes the average impaired loans by class of finance receivables as of the balance sheet date:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Impaired account balances individually evaluated for impairment with an allowance:
Wholesale	$	131	$	93	$	120	$	101
Real estate		52		84		61		89
Working capital		58		41		56		39
Total	$	241	$	218	$	237	$	229

Impaired account balances individually evaluated for impairment without an allowance:
Wholesale	$	113	$	86	$	103	$	110
Real estate		146		116		144		108
Working capital		21		11		21		6
Total	$	280	$	213	$	268	$	224

Impaired account balances aggregated and evaluated for impairment:
Retail loan	$	220	$	221	$	222	$	222

Total impaired account balances:
Retail loan	$	220	$	221	$	222	$	222
Wholesale		244		179		223		211
Real estate		198		200		205		197
Working capital		79		52		77		45
Total	$	741	$	652	$	727	$	675

Interest income on impaired finance receivables and interest income recognized using a cash-basis method of accounting during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were not significant. The primary source of interest income on impaired finance receivables is from performing troubled debt restructurings.

For accounts not under bankruptcy protection, the amount of finance receivables modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was not significant for each class of finance receivables. Troubled debt restructurings for non-bankrupt accounts within the retail loan class of finance receivables are comprised exclusively of contract term extensions that reduce the monthly payment due from the customer. For the three classes of finance receivables within the dealer products portfolio segment, troubled debt restructurings include contract term extensions, interest rate adjustments, waivers of loan covenants, or any combination of the three. Troubled debt restructurings of accounts not under bankruptcy protection did not include forgiveness of principal or interest rate adjustments during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

We consider finance receivables under bankruptcy protection within the retail loan class to be troubled debt restructurings as of the date we receive notice of a customer filing for bankruptcy protection, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the bankruptcy proceedings. The bankruptcy court may impose modifications as part of the proceedings, including interest rate adjustments and forgiveness of principal. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the financial impact of troubled debt restructurings related to finance receivables under bankruptcy protection was not significant to our Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Finance receivables modified as troubled debt restructurings for which there was a subsequent payment default during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and for which the modification occurred within twelve months of the payment default, were not significant for all classes of such receivables.

Investments in operating leases, net consist of leases, net of deferred fees and costs, deferred income, accumulated depreciation and the allowance for credit losses. Securitized investments in operating leases represent beneficial interests in a pool of certain vehicle leases that have been sold for legal purposes to securitization trusts but continue to be included in our consolidated financial statements as discussed further in Note 9 - Variable Interest Entities. Cash flows from these securitized investments in operating leases are available only for the repayment of debt issued by these trusts and other obligations arising from the securitization transactions. They are not available for payment of our other obligations or to satisfy claims of our other creditors.

The following table provides information related to our allowance for credit losses on finance receivables and investments in operating leases:

The following tables provide information related to our allowance for credit losses for finance receivables and finance receivables by portfolio segment:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Retail Loan			Dealer Products		Total
Allowance for Credit Losses for Finance Receivables:
Beginning balance, October 1, 2018	$	307		$	140	$	447
Charge-offs		(87	)		-		(87	)
Recoveries		12			-		12
Provision for credit losses		69			34		103
Ending balance, December 31, 2018	$	301		$	174	$	475

	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Retail Loan			Dealer Products		Total
Beginning balance, April 1, 2018	$	312		$	151	$	463
Charge-offs		(238	)		-		(238	)
Recoveries		38			-		38
Provision for credit losses		189			23		212
Ending balance, December 31, 2018	$	301		$	174	$	475

Allowance for Credit Losses for Finance Receivables:
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		$	88	$	88
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	301		$	86	$	387

Finance Receivables:
Ending balance, December 31, 2018	$	53,992		$	16,744	$	70,736
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		$	596	$	596
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	53,992		$	16,148	$	70,140

The ending balance of finance receivables collectively evaluated for impairment in the above table includes approximately $225 million of finance receivables within the retail loan portfolio segment that are specifically identified as impaired. These amounts are aggregated within their respective portfolio segment when determining the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2018, as they are deemed to be insignificant for individual evaluation, and we have determined that the allowance for credit losses is not significant and would not be materially different if the amounts had been individually evaluated for impairment. The ending balance of finance receivables for the dealer products portfolio segment collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2018 includes $1,063 million in finance receivables that are guaranteed by Toyota Motor North America, Inc. (“TMNA”), and $135 million in finance receivables that are guaranteed by third party private Toyota distributors. These finance receivables are related to certain Toyota and Lexus dealers and other third parties to whom we provided financing at the request of TMNA and third party private Toyota distributors.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
	Retail Loan			Dealer Products		Total
Allowance for Credit Losses for Finance Receivables:
Beginning balance, October 1, 2017	$	359		$	123	$	482
Charge-offs		(92	)		-		(92	)
Recoveries		9			-		9
Provision for credit losses		81			11		92
Ending balance, December 31, 2017	$	357		$	134	$	491

	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017
	Retail Loan			Dealer Products		Total
Beginning balance, April 1, 2017	$	344		$	123	$	467
Charge-offs		(257	)		-		(257	)
Recoveries		35			-		35
Provision for credit losses		235			11		246
Ending balance, December 31, 2017	$	357		$	134	$	491

Allowance for Credit Losses for Finance Receivables:
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		$	52	$	52
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	357		$	82	$	439

Finance Receivables:
Ending balance, December 31, 2017	$	52,892		$	17,092	$	69,984
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-		$	458	$	458
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	52,892		$	16,634	$	69,526

The ending balance of finance receivables collectively evaluated for impairment in the above table includes approximately $222 million of finance receivables within the retail loan portfolio segment that are specifically identified as impaired. These amounts are aggregated within their respective portfolio segment when determining the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2017, as they are deemed to be insignificant for individual evaluation and we have determined that the allowance for credit losses is not significant and would not be materially different if the amounts had been individually evaluated for impairment. The ending balance of finance receivables for the dealer products portfolio segment collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2017 includes $1,089 million in finance receivables that are guaranteed by TMNA, and $165 million in finance receivables that are guaranteed by third party private Toyota distributors. These finance receivables are related to certain Toyota and Lexus dealers and other third parties to whom we provided financing at the request of TMNA and third party private Toyota distributors.

The following table shows aggregate balances of finance receivables and investments in operating leases 60 or more days past due:

Substantially all finance receivables and investments in operating leases do not involve recourse to the dealer in the event of customer default. Finance receivables and investments in operating leases 60 or more days past due include contracts in bankruptcy and contracts greater than 120 days past due, which are recorded at the fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell. Contracts for which vehicles have been repossessed are excluded.

	December 31, 2018
	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables		90 Days or Greater Past Due and Accruing
Retail loan	$	772	$	200	$	91	$	1,063	$	52,929	$	53,992	$	61
Wholesale		1		-		-		1		9,658		9,659		-
Real estate		-		-		-		-		4,589		4,589		-
Working capital		-		-		-		-		2,496		2,496		-
Total	$	773	$	200	$	91	$	1,064	$	69,672	$	70,736	$	61

	March 31, 2018
	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Finance Receivables		90 Days or Greater Past Due and Accruing
Retail loan	$	613	$	158	$	65	$	836	$	52,559	$	53,395	$	46
Wholesale		-		-		-		-		10,513		10,513		-
Real estate		-		-		-		-		4,630		4,630		-
Working capital		-		-		-		-		2,277		2,277		-
Total	$	613	$	158	$	65	$	836	$	69,979	$	70,815	$	46

Our liabilities consist mainly of fixed and variable rate debt, denominated in U.S. dollars and various other currencies, which we issue in the global capital markets, while our assets consist primarily of U.S. dollar denominated, fixed rate receivables. We enter into interest rate swaps, interest rate floors, and foreign currency swaps to economically hedge the interest rate and foreign currency risks that result from the different characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Our use of derivative transactions is intended to reduce long-term fluctuations in the fair value of assets and liabilities caused by market movements. All of our derivative activities are authorized and monitored by our management and our Asset Liability Committee which provides a framework for financial controls and governance to manage market risk. After September 30, 2018, we no longer have any hedge accounting derivatives.

Our derivative contracts are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreements. Substantially all of these ISDA Master Agreements contain reciprocal ratings triggers providing either party with an option to terminate the agreement at market value in the event of a ratings downgrade of the other party below a specified threshold. We have daily valuation and collateral exchange arrangements with all of our counterparties. Our collateral agreements with substantially all our counterparties include a zero threshold, full collateralization arrangement. However, due to the time required to move collateral, there may be a delay of up to one day between the exchange of collateral and the valuation of our derivatives. We would not be required to post additional collateral to the counterparties with whom we were in a net liability position at December 31, 2018 if our credit ratings were to decline, since we fully collateralize without regard to credit ratings with these counterparties.

The following tables show the financial statement line item and amount of our derivative assets and liabilities that are reported in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

As of December 31, 2018, we held collateral of $186 million, which offset derivative assets, and we posted collateral of $932 million, which offset derivative liabilities. In addition, there was $442 million in counterparty netting included for both derivative assets and derivative liabilities. We also held excess collateral of $6 million, which we did not use to offset derivative assets and was recorded in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We posted excess collateral of $34 million, which we did not use to offset derivative liabilities and was recorded in Other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	March 31, 2018
	Hedge accounting				Non-hedge
	derivatives				accounting derivatives				Total
			Fair				Fair				Fair
	Notional		value		Notional		value		Notional		value
Other assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	-	$	-	$	71,464	$	872	$	71,464	$	872
Interest rate floors		-		-		847		1		847		1
Foreign currency swaps		119		8		7,248		477		7,367		485
Total	$	119	$	8	$	79,559	$	1,350	$	79,678	$	1,358

Counterparty netting and collateral held												(1,297	)
Carrying value of derivative contracts – Other assets											$	61

Other liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	-	$	-	$	41,513	$	628	$	41,513	$	628
Foreign currency swaps		-		-		5,863		200		5,863		200
Total	$	-	$	-	$	47,376	$	828	$	47,376	$	828

Counterparty netting and collateral posted												(822	)
Carrying value of derivative contracts – Other liabilities											$	6

As of March 31, 2018, we held collateral of $737 million, which offset derivative assets, and we posted collateral of $262 million, which offset derivative liabilities. In addition, there was $560 million in counterparty netting included for both derivative assets and derivative liabilities. We also held excess collateral of $11 million, which we did not use to offset derivative assets and was recorded in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We posted excess collateral of $3 million, which we did not use to offset derivative liabilities and was recorded in Other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table summarizes the components of interest expense, including the location and amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments and related hedged items, as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Income:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	December 31,						December 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest expense on debt	$	652		$	490		$	1,890		$	1,441
Interest income on derivatives		(4	)		(13	)		(51	)		(47	)
Interest expense on debt and derivatives		648			477			1,839			1,394

(Gains) losses on non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies		(178	)		123			(985	)		1,146
Losses (gains) on non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps		140			(108	)		995			(1,141	)
Losses (gains) on U.S. dollar non-hedge accounting interest rate swaps		89			(64	)		234			(71	)
Total interest expense	$	699		$	428		$	2,083		$	1,328

Interest expense on debt and derivatives represents net interest settlements and changes in accruals. Gains and losses on non-hedge accounting derivatives and debt denominated in foreign currencies exclude net interest settlements and changes in accruals. Ineffectiveness related to hedge accounting derivatives was not significant for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017. Cash flows associated with hedge accounting, non-hedge accounting, and de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash provided by operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The relative fair value allocation of derivative credit value adjustments for counterparty and non-performance credit risk within interest expense was not significant for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 as we are fully collateralized on substantially all of our derivatives without regard to credit ratings.

Debt and the related weighted average contractual interest rates are summarized as follows:

The carrying value of our debt includes unamortized premiums, discounts and debt issuance costs of $379 million and $353 million as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. The face value of commercial paper, unsecured notes and loans payable and secured notes and loans payable was $25.9 billion, $57.1 billion, and $13.3 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2018, and $27.4 billion, $57.6 billion and $13.7 billion, respectively, as of March 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, our commercial paper had a weighted average remaining maturity of 85 days, while our unsecured and secured notes and loans payable mature on various dates through fiscal 2049. Weighted average contractual interest rates are calculated based on original notional or par value before consideration of premium or discount.

Our unsecured notes and loans payable consist of both fixed and variable rate debt with contractual interest rates ranging from 0.0 percent to 5.0 percent at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. Upon issuance of fixed rate notes, we generally elect to enter into pay-float swaps to convert fixed rate payments on notes to floating rate payments.

Our unsecured notes and loans payable contain covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, cross-default provisions and limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. We are currently in compliance with these covenants and conditions.

Certain unsecured notes and loans payable are denominated in various foreign currencies, and include the impact of translation adjustments. At December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the carrying values of these foreign currency denominated unsecured notes and loans payable were $11.6 billion and $13.3 billion, respectively. Concurrent with the issuance of these foreign currency unsecured notes and loans payable, we entered into currency swaps in the same notional amount to convert non-U.S. currency payments to U.S. dollar denominated payments.

Our secured notes and loans payable are denominated in U.S. dollars and consist of both fixed and variable rate debt with contractual interest rates ranging from 1.1 percent to 3.3 percent at December 31, 2018 and 1.1 percent to 2.5 percent at March 31, 2018. Secured notes and loans payable are issued using on-balance sheet securitization trusts, as further discussed in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities. These notes are repayable only from collections on the underlying securitized retail finance receivables and the beneficial interests in investments in operating leases and from related credit enhancements.

We use one or more special purpose entities that are considered Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) to issue asset-backed securities to third party bank-sponsored asset-backed securitization vehicles and to investors in securitization transactions. The securities issued by these VIEs are backed by the cash flows related to retail finance receivables and beneficial interests in investments in operating leases (“Securitized Assets”). We hold variable interests in the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. We determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the securitization trusts because (i) our servicing responsibilities for the Securitized Assets give us the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs, and (ii) our variable interests in the VIEs give us the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant.

The following tables show the assets and liabilities related to our VIE securitization transactions that were included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Restricted Cash, including cash equivalents, shown in the table above represents collections from the underlying Gross Securitized Assets shown in the table above and certain reserve deposits held by TMCC for the VIEs and is included as part of Restricted cash and cash equivalents on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gross Securitized Assets represent finance receivables and beneficial interests in investments in operating leases securitized for the asset-backed securities issued. Net Securitized Assets shown in the table above are presented net of deferred fees and costs, deferred income, accumulated depreciation and the allowance for credit losses. Other Assets represent used vehicles held-for-sale that were repossessed by or returned to TMCC for the benefit of the VIEs. The related debt of these consolidated VIEs is presented net of $1,425 million and $1,520 million of securities retained by TMCC at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Other Liabilities represents accrued interest on the debt of the consolidated VIEs.

The assets of the VIEs and the restricted cash and cash equivalents held by TMCC serve as the sole source of repayment for the asset-backed securities issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to us or our other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities.

As the primary beneficiary of these entities, we are exposed to credit, residual value, interest rate, and prepayment risk from the Securitized Assets in the VIEs. However, our exposure to these risks did not change as a result of the transfer of the assets to the VIEs. We may also be exposed to interest rate risk arising from the secured notes issued by the VIEs.

In addition, we entered into interest rate swaps with certain special purpose entities that issue variable rate debt. Under the terms of these swaps, the special purpose entities are obligated to pay TMCC a fixed rate of interest on certain payment dates in exchange for receiving a floating rate of interest on notional amounts equal to the outstanding balance of the secured debt. This arrangement enables the special purpose entities to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in issuing variable rate debt that is secured by fixed rate Securitized Assets.

The transfers of the Securitized Assets to the special purpose entities in our securitizations are considered to be sales for legal purposes. However, the Securitized Assets and the related debt remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize financing revenue on the Securitized Assets and interest expense on the secured debt issued by the special purpose entities. We also maintain an allowance for credit losses on the Securitized Assets to cover estimated probable credit losses using a methodology consistent with that used for our non-securitized asset portfolio. The interest rate swaps between TMCC and the special purpose entities are considered intercompany transactions and therefore are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

We provide lending to Toyota and Lexus dealers through the Toyota Dealer Investment Group’s Dealer Capital Program (“TDIG Program”) operated by our affiliate TMNA, which has an equity interest in these dealerships. Dealers participating in this program have been determined to be VIEs. We do not consolidate the dealerships in this program as we are not the primary beneficiary and any exposure to loss is limited to the amount of the credit facility. Amounts due from these dealers under the TDIG Program that are classified as Finance receivables, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 and revenues earned from these dealers during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were not significant.

We also have other lending relationships, which have been determined to be VIEs, but these relationships are not consolidated as we are not the primary beneficiary. Amounts due under these relationships as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 and revenues earned under these relationships during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were not significant.

For additional liquidity purposes, we maintain credit facilities as described below:

364 Day Credit Agreement, Three Year Credit Agreement and Five Year Credit Agreement

In November 2018, TMCC, Toyota Credit de Puerto Rico Corp. (“TCPR”) and other Toyota affiliates entered into a $5.0 billion 364 day syndicated bank credit facility, a $5.0 billion three year syndicated bank credit facility and a $5.0 billion five year syndicated bank credit facility, expiring in fiscal 2020, 2022, and 2024, respectively.

The ability to make draws is subject to covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, cross-default provisions and limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. These agreements may be used for general corporate purposes and had no amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. We are currently in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the credit agreements described above.

TMCC has entered into additional unsecured credit facilities with various banks. As of December 31, 2018, TMCC had committed bank credit facilities totaling $5.5 billion of which $150 million, $2.6 billion, $275 million, and $2.5 billion mature in fiscal 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.

These credit agreements contain covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, cross-default provisions and limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. These credit facilities had no amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. We are currently in compliance with the covenants and conditions of the credit agreements described above.

In December 2018, TMCC entered into a $5.0 billion three year revolving credit facility with Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. (“TMS”), an affiliate, expiring in fiscal 2022. This credit facility may be used for general corporate purposes and had no amount outstanding as of December 31, 2018.

We have entered into certain commitments and guarantees for which the maximum unfunded amounts are summarized in the table below:

Wholesale financing is not considered to be a contractual commitment as the arrangements are not binding arrangements under which TMCC is required to perform.

We are party to a 15-year lease agreement, which expires in August 2032, with TMNA for our headquarters facility in Plano, Texas. Minimum lease commitments in the table above include $99 million and $105 million for facilities leases with affiliates at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2018, minimum future commitments under lease agreements to which we are a lessee, including those with affiliates, are as follows:

We provide fixed and variable rate working capital loans, revolving lines of credit, and real estate financing to dealers and various multi-franchise organizations referred to as dealer groups for facilities construction and refurbishment, working capital requirements, real estate purchases, business acquisitions and other general business purposes. These loans are typically secured with liens on real estate, vehicle inventory, and/or other dealership assets, as appropriate, and may be guaranteed by individual or corporate guarantees of affiliated dealers, dealer groups, or dealer principals. Although the loans are typically collateralized or guaranteed, the value of the underlying collateral or guarantees may not be sufficient to cover our exposure under such agreements. Our pricing reflects market conditions, the competitive environment, the level of support dealers provide our retail, lease and insurance business and the credit worthiness of each dealer. Amounts drawn under these facilities are reviewed for collectability on a quarterly basis, in conjunction with our evaluation of the allowance for credit losses.

TMCC has guaranteed bond obligations totaling $100 million in principal that were issued by Putnam County, West Virginia and Gibson County, Indiana to finance the construction of pollution control facilities at manufacturing plants of certain TMCC affiliates. The bonds mature in the following fiscal years ending March 31: 2028 - $20 million; 2029 - $50 million; 2030 - $10 million; 2031 - $10 million; and 2032 - $10 million. TMCC would be required to perform under the guarantees in the event of non-payment on the bonds and other related obligations. TMCC is entitled to reimbursement by the applicable affiliates for any amounts paid. TMCC receives a nominal annual fee for guaranteeing such payments. TMCC has not been required to perform under any of these affiliate bond guarantees as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements containing indemnification provisions standard in the industry related to several types of transactions, including, but not limited to, debt funding, derivatives, securitization transactions, and our vendor and supplier agreements. Performance under these indemnities would occur upon a breach of the representations, warranties or covenants made or given, or a third party claim. In addition, we have agreed in certain debt and derivative issuances, and subject to certain exceptions, to gross-up payments due to third parties in the event that withholding tax is imposed on such payments. In addition, certain of our funding arrangements may require us to pay lenders for increased costs due to certain changes in laws or regulations. Due to the difficulty in predicting events which could cause a breach of the indemnification provisions or trigger a gross-up or other payment obligation, we are not able to estimate our maximum exposure to future payments that could result from claims made under such provisions. We have not made any material payments in the past as a result of these provisions, and as of December 31, 2018, we determined that it is not probable that we will be required to make any material payments in the future. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, no amounts have been recorded under these indemnification provisions.

Various legal actions, governmental proceedings and other claims are pending or may be instituted or asserted in the future against us with respect to matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Certain of these actions are or purport to be class action suits, seeking sizeable damages and/or changes in our business operations, policies and practices. Certain of these actions are similar to suits that have been filed against other financial institutions and captive finance companies. We perform periodic reviews of pending claims and actions to determine the probability of adverse verdicts and resulting amounts of liability. We establish accruals for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. When we are able, we also determine estimates of reasonably possible loss or range of loss, whether in excess of any related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with legal matters, the actual costs of resolving legal claims and associated costs of defense may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts for which accruals have been established. Based on available information and established accruals, we do not believe it is reasonably possible that the results of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Our provision for income taxes was $69 million and $178 million for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $2,821 million and $2,655 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. Our effective tax rate was 24 percent and 26 percent for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018. The change in the provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, is primarily due to a one-time income tax benefit of $2.9 billion recorded in fiscal 2018, attributable to the revaluation of our net deferred tax liabilities resulting from the reduction of the federal statutory income tax rate by the TCJA from 35 percent to 21 percent.

We have completed our assessment of the impact of the TCJA, and it has been reflected in our financial statements as of December 31, 2018 and for the three and nine months then ended. During fiscal 2019, we recorded an adjustment resulting in a tax benefit of $9 million related to the provisional deemed repatriation tax previously recorded in fiscal 2018. This adjustment was a result of new information which became available during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Upon the filing of our fiscal 2018 income tax return, we did not identify additional significant revaluation adjustments to our recorded deferred tax liabilities, including the deemed repatriation tax.

As of December 31, 2018, we remain under IRS examination for fiscal 2018 and 2019. The IRS examination for fiscal 2017 was concluded in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

We periodically review our uncertain tax positions. Our assessment is based on many factors including any ongoing IRS audits. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, our assessment did not result in a material change in unrecognized tax benefits.

Our deferred tax assets were $3.0 billion and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively, and were primarily due to the deferred deduction of allowance for credit losses and residual value losses and federal tax loss carryforward which has no expiration. The total deferred tax liability, net of these deferred tax assets, was $5.5 billion and $5.3 billion at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Realization with respect to the federal tax loss carryforward is dependent on generating sufficient income. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax assets considered realizable could be reduced if management’s estimates change.

In December 2018, TMCC entered into a $5.0 billion three year revolving credit facility with TMS, an affiliate, expiring in fiscal 2022. This credit facility may be used for general corporate purposes and had no amount outstanding as of December 31, 2018.

Except for the transaction mentioned above, as of December 31, 2018, there were no material changes to our related party agreements or relationships as described in our fiscal 2018 Form 10-K. The tables below show the financial statement line items and amounts included in our Consolidated Statements of Income and in our Consolidated Balance Sheets under various related party agreements or relationships:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	December 31,				December 31,
	2018		2017		2018			2017
Total financing revenues:
Manufacturers’ subvention and other revenues	$	508	$	415	$	1,452		$	1,165

Interest expense:
Credit support fees, interest and other expenses	$	24	$	23	$	73		$	71

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues:
Insurance premiums and contract revenues	$	46	$	46	$	135		$	135

Investment and other income, net:
Interest and other income	$	4	$	3	$	8		$	10

Expenses:
Operating and administrative expenses	$	24	$	19	$	71		$	61
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses¹	$	-	$	1	$	(3	)	$	(3	)

	December 31,			March 31,
	2018			2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Commercial paper	$	21		$	255

Investments in marketable securities
Commercial paper	$	189		$	52

Finance receivables, net
Accounts receivable	$	182		$	191
Deferred retail subvention income	$	(1,290	)	$	(1,279	)

Investments in operating leases, net
Investments in operating leases, net	$	6		$	6
Deferred lease subvention income	$	(2,090	)	$	(1,682	)

Other assets
Notes receivable	$	607		$	68
Other receivables, net	$	98		$	310

Liabilities:
Other liabilities
Unearned affiliate insurance premiums and contract revenues	$	340		$	328
Other payables, net	$	57		$	74
Notes payable	$	18		$	18

TMCC receives subvention payments from TMNA which results in a gross monthly subvention receivable. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the subvention receivable from TMNA was $209 million and $279 million, respectively. The subvention receivable is recorded in Other receivables, net in Other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. We have a master netting agreement with TMNA which allows us to net settle payments for shared services and subvention transactions.

Financial information for our reportable operating segments is summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Finance		Insurance		Intercompany
	operations		operations		eliminations			Total

Total financing revenues	$	2,968	$	-	$	-		$	2,968
Depreciation on operating leases		1,717		-		-			1,717
Interest expense		705		-		(6	)		699
Net financing revenues		546		-		6			552

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues		-		226		-			226
Investment and other income, net		43		31		(6	)		68
Net financing and other revenues		589		257		-			846

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		110		-		-			110
Operating and administrative expenses		259		88		-			347
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		-		106		-			106
Total expenses		369		194		-			563

Income before income taxes		220		63		-			283
Provision for income taxes		54		15		-			69

Net income	$	166	$	48	$	-		$	214


	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
	Finance		Insurance		Intercompany
	operations		operations		eliminations			Total

Total financing revenues	$	8,694	$	-	$	-		$	8,694
Depreciation on operating leases		5,145		-		-			5,145
Interest expense		2,099		-		(16	)		2,083
Net financing revenues		1,450		-		16			1,466

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues		-		676		-			676
Investment and other income, net		142		38		(16	)		164
Net financing and other revenues		1,592		714		-			2,306

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		266		-		-			266
Operating and administrative expenses		762		257		-			1,019
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		-		343		-			343
Total expenses		1,028		600		-			1,628

Income before income taxes		564		114		-			678
Provision for income taxes		150		28		-			178

Net income	$	414	$	86	$	-		$	500

Total assets at December 31, 2018	$	115,319	$	4,880	$	(1,077	)	$	119,122

For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, approximately 84 percent of Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues in the Insurance operations segment were accounted for under the revenue recognition guidance.

The Insurance operations segment defers contractually determined incentives paid to dealers as contract costs for selling vehicle and payment protection products. These costs are recorded in Other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized to Operating and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income using a methodology consistent with the recognition of revenue. The amount of capitalized dealer incentives and the related amortization was not significant to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018.

We had $2.2 billion of unearned insurance premiums and contract revenues within the scope of the revenue recognition guidance included in Other liabilities as of April 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018. We recognized $159 million and $504 million of the unearned amount in Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, respectively. We expect to recognize as revenue approximately $176 million of the unearned amount in the remainder of fiscal 2019, $636 million in fiscal 2020, and $1.4 billion thereafter.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
	Finance			Insurance			Intercompany
	operations			operations			eliminations			Total

Total financing revenues	$	2,706		$	-		$	-		$	2,706
Depreciation on operating leases		1,778			-			-			1,778
Interest expense		431			-			(3	)		428
Net financing revenues		497			-			3			500

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues		-			220			-			220
Investment and other income, net		37			32			(3	)		66
Net financing and other revenues		534			252			-			786

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		108			-			-			108
Operating and administrative expenses		239			84			-			323
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		-			100			-			100
Total expenses		347			184			-			531

Income before income taxes		187			68			-			255
Benefit for income taxes		(2,780	)		(41	)		-			(2,821	)

Net income	$	2,967		$	109		$	-		$	3,076


	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017
	Finance			Insurance			Intercompany
	operations			operations			eliminations			Total

Total financing revenues	$	7,951		$	-		$	-		$	7,951
Depreciation on operating leases		5,178			-			-			5,178
Interest expense		1,337			-			(9	)		1,328
Net financing revenues		1,436			-			9			1,445

Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues		-			657			-			657
Investment and other income, net		105			114			(9	)		210
Net financing and other revenues		1,541			771			-			2,312

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		320			-			-			320
Operating and administrative expenses		731			242			-			973
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		-			316			-			316
Total expenses		1,051			558			-			1,609

Income before income taxes		490			213			-			703
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(2,668	)		13			-			(2,655	)

Net income	$	3,158		$	200		$	-		$	3,358

Total assets at December 31, 2017	$	117,147		$	4,703		$	(1,116	)	$	120,734

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Certain statements contained in this Form 10-Q or incorporated by reference herein are “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations and currently available information. However, since these statements are based on factors that involve risks and uncertainties, our performance and results may differ materially from those described or implied by such forward-looking statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “intend,” “will,” “may” or words or phrases of similar meaning are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution that the forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risk factors set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 (“fiscal 2018”), including the following:

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We will not update the forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements.

In our finance operations, we generate revenue, income, and cash flows by providing retail, lease, and dealer financing to dealers and their customers. We measure the performance of our finance operations using the following metrics: financing volume, market share, financing margins, operating expense, residual value and credit loss metrics.

In our insurance operations, we generate revenue through marketing, underwriting, and providing claims administration for products that cover certain risks of dealers and their customers. We measure the performance of our insurance operations using the following metrics: issued agreement volume, average number of agreements in force, loss metrics, and investment income.

Our financial results are affected by a variety of economic and industry factors including, but not limited to, new and used vehicle markets, Toyota and Lexus sales volume, new vehicle incentive programs, consumer behavior, employment levels, our ability to respond to changes in interest rates with respect to both contract pricing and funding, the actual or perceived quality, safety or reliability of Toyota and Lexus vehicles, the financial health of the dealers we finance, and competitive pressure. Our financial results may also be affected by the regulatory environment in which we operate, including as a result of new legislation or changes in regulation and any compliance costs or changes we may be required to make to our business practices. All of these factors can influence consumer contract and dealer financing volume, the number of consumer contracts and dealers that default and the loss per occurrence, our inability to realize originally estimated contractual residual values on leased vehicles, the volume and performance of our insurance operations, and our gross margins on consumer and dealer financing volume. Changes in the volume of vehicle sales, sales of our insurance and vehicle and payment protection products, or the level of insurance losses could materially and adversely impact our insurance operations. Additionally, our funding programs and related costs are influenced by changes in the global capital markets, prevailing interest rates, and our credit ratings and those of our parent companies, which may affect our ability to obtain cost effective funding to support earning asset growth.

During the first nine months of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”), the United States (“U.S.”) economy continued to expand. The unemployment rate reached its lowest level in nearly two decades, which has resulted in wage growth for consumers. Additionally, consumer confidence has risen to historically high levels. However, uncertainties surrounding future trade policy have begun to impact the outlook for future economic growth. In addition, student and auto related debt balances have increased and represent a larger portion of the consumer debt mix. Concurrently, delinquencies for student and auto related debt have also increased. Changes in the economy that adversely impact the consumer, such as higher interest rates, elevated debt levels and an increase in unemployment from the current low levels could adversely impact our results of operations in the future.

Industry-wide vehicle sales and sales incentives in the U.S. were relatively consistent during the first nine months of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2018. Our financing volume decreased 4 percent for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, primarily due to lower consumer demand for Toyota and Lexus vehicles. Despite lower levels of subvention, our overall market share remained relatively consistent for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018.

Used vehicle values for Toyota and Lexus vehicles improved slightly in the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018. Declines in used vehicle values resulting from increases in the supply of used vehicles, increases in new vehicle sales incentives and a larger lease portfolio resulting in higher future maturities could unfavorably impact return rates, residual values, depreciation expense and credit losses in the future.

We continue to maintain broad global access to both domestic and international markets. The global capital markets experienced periods of volatility during the first nine months of fiscal 2019, with the greatest volatility experienced in the third quarter of fiscal 2019, due to concerns about geopolitical events, trade policy, and the future path of U.S. monetary policy. During the first nine months of fiscal 2019, our interest expense increased as compared to the same period in fiscal 2018 as a result of higher interest rates. Future changes in interest rates in the U.S. and foreign markets could result in further volatility in our interest expense, which could affect our results of operations.

The following table summarizes total net income by our reportable operating segments:

Our consolidated net income was $500 million and $214 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to $3,358 million and $3,076 million for the same periods of fiscal 2018. The decrease in net income for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”), which resulted in a one-time income tax benefit of $2.9 billion in fiscal 2018. Our net income for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was also impacted by a $755 million and $271 million increase in interest expense, respectively, which was largely offset by a $743 million and $262 million increase in total financing revenues, respectively.

Our overall capital position increased $0.4 billion, bringing total shareholder’s equity to $13.3 billion at December 31, 2018 as compared to $12.9 billion at March 31, 2018. Our debt decreased to $95.9 billion at December 31, 2018 from $98.4 billion at March 31, 2018. Our debt-to-equity ratio decreased to 7.2 at December 31, 2018 from 7.6 at March 31, 2018.

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	December 31,					Percentage			December 31,					Percentage
(Dollars in millions)	2018		2017			Change			2018		2017			Change
Financing revenues:
Operating lease	$	2,212	$	2,068			7	%	$	6,505	$	6,065			7	%
Retail		578		498			16	%		1,660		1,462			14	%
Dealer		178		140			27	%		529		424			25	%
Total financing revenues		2,968		2,706			10	%		8,694		7,951			9	%
Depreciation on operating leases		1,717		1,778			(3	)%		5,145		5,178			(1	)%
Interest expense		705		431			64	%		2,099		1,337			57	%
Net financing revenues		546		497			10	%		1,450		1,436			1	%

Investment and other income, net		43		37			16	%		142		105			35	%
Net financing and other revenues		589		534			10	%		1,592		1,541			3	%

Expenses:
Provision for credit losses		110		108			2	%		266		320			(17	)%
Operating and administrative expenses		259		239			8	%		762		731			4	%
Total expenses		369		347			6	%		1,028		1,051			(2	)%

Income before income taxes		220		187			18	%		564		490			15	%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		54		(2,780	)		102	%		150		(2,668	)		106	%

Net income from finance operations	$	166	$	2,967			(94	)%	$	414	$	3,158			(87	)%

Our finance operations reported net income of $414 million and $166 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $3,158 million and $2,967 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The decrease in net income from finance operations for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to the enactment of the TCJA, which resulted in a one-time income tax benefit of $2.9 billion in fiscal 2018. Our net income for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was also impacted by a $762 million increase in interest expense, which was largely offset by a $743 million increase in total financing revenues, a $54 million decrease in the provision for credit losses, and a $37 million increase in investment and other income, net. Our net income from finance operations for the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was also impacted by a $274 million increase in interest expense, which was largely offset by a $262 million increase in total financing revenues.

Total financing revenues increased 9 percent and 10 percent during the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018 due to the following:

As a result of the above, our total portfolio yield, which includes operating lease, retail and dealer financing revenues, increased to 4.3 percent and 4.6 percent for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to 3.4 percent and 3.5 percent for the same periods in fiscal 2018.

We reported depreciation on operating leases of $5,145 million and $1,717 million during the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $5,178 million and $1,778 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The decrease in depreciation expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2018 was primarily due to improvements in used vehicle values which resulted in lower residual value losses.

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	December 31,						December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest expense on debt	$	652		$	490		$	1,890		$	1,441
Interest income on derivatives		(4	)		(13	)		(51	)		(47	)
Interest expense on debt and derivatives		648			477			1,839			1,394

(Gains) losses on non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies		(178	)		123			(985	)		1,146
Losses (gains) on non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps		140			(108	)		995			(1,141	)
Losses (gains) on U.S. dollar non-hedge accounting interest rate swaps		89			(64	)		234			(71	)
Total interest expense	$	699		$	428		$	2,083		$	1,328

During the first nine months of fiscal 2019, total interest expense increased to $2,083 million from $1,328 million in the same period in fiscal 2018. The increase in total interest expense for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, is primarily attributable to an increase in interest expense on debt and higher losses on U.S. dollar non-hedge accounting interest rate swaps. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, total interest expense increased to $699 million from $428 million in the same period in fiscal 2018. The increase in total interest expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, is primarily attributable to an increase in interest expense on debt, and higher losses on U.S. dollar non-hedge accounting interest rate swaps, partially offset by gains on non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies net of non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps.

Interest expense on debt and derivatives primarily represents contractual net interest settlements and changes in accruals on secured and unsecured notes and loans payable, commercial paper and derivatives, and includes amortization of discounts, premiums, and debt issuance costs. Interest expense on debt and derivatives in the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019 increased to $1,839 million and $648 million, respectively, from $1,394 million and $477 million, respectively, in the same periods in fiscal 2018, due to higher weighted average interest rates.

Gain or loss on non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies represents the impact of translation adjustments. We use non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps to economically hedge the debt denominated in foreign currencies. During the first nine months of fiscal 2019, we recorded net losses of $10 million, as losses on our non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps were largely offset by gains on our non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies as a result of offsetting changes in foreign currency swap rates across the various currencies in which our debt is denominated. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recorded net gains of $38 million, as gains on our non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies were partially offset by losses on our non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps as a result of decreases in foreign currency swap rates across most tenors. During the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded net losses of $5 million and $15 million, respectively, as losses on our non-hedge accounting debt denominated in foreign currencies were largely offset by gains on our non-hedge accounting foreign currency swaps as a result of offsetting changes in foreign currency swap rates across the various currencies in which our debt is denominated.

Gain or loss on U.S. dollar non-hedge accounting interest rate swaps represents the change in the valuation of interest rate swaps. During the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, we recorded losses of $234 million and $89 million, respectively, primarily as a result of decreases in U.S. dollar swap rates across most tenors, particularly in the longer tenors, with the losses on our higher notional, shorter-term pay-fixed swaps exceeding the gains on our longer-term pay-float swaps. During the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded gains of $71 million and $64 million, respectively, primarily as a result of increases in U.S. dollar swap rates across all tenors, particularly in the shorter tenors, with the gains on our higher notional, shorter-term pay-fixed swaps exceeding the losses on our longer-term pay-float swaps.

Future changes in interest and foreign currency exchange rates could continue to result in significant volatility in our interest expense, thereby affecting our results of operations.

We recorded investment and other income, net of $142 million and $43 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $105 million and $37 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The increase in investment and other income, net for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to rising interest rates.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $266 million and $110 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $320 million and $108 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The decrease in the provision for credit losses for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was driven by favorable credit loss experience due to a continued focus on late stage collection activities, which was partially offset by deterioration in the financial performance of certain dealers.

We recorded operating and administrative expenses of $762 million and $259 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $731 million and $239 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The increase in operating and administrative expenses for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was due to an increase in general operating expenses. We also continue to incur expenses associated with the relocation of our headquarters, including deferred compensation and other relocation expenses.

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	December 31,					Percentage			December 31,				Percentage
	2018		2017			Change			2018		2017		Change
Agreements (units in thousands)
Issued		606		593			2	%		1,885		1,879		-	%
Average in force		9,081		8,391			8	%		8,909		8,178		9	%

(Dollars in millions)
Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues	$	226	$	220			3	%	$	676	$	657		3	%
Investment and other income, net		31		32			(3	)%		38		114		(67	)%
Revenues from insurance operations		257		252			2	%		714		771		(7	)%

Expenses:
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses		106		100			6	%		343		316		9	%
Operating and administrative expenses		88		84			5	%		257		242		6	%
Total expenses		194		184			5	%		600		558		8	%

Income before income taxes		63		68			(7	)%		114		213		(46	)%
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		15		(41	)		137	%		28		13		115	%

Net income from insurance operations	$	48	$	109			(56	)%	$	86	$	200		(57	)%

Our insurance operations reported net income of $86 million and $48 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $200 million and $109 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The decrease in net income from insurance operations for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to a $76 million decrease in investment and other income, net, and a $27 million increase in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses. The decrease in net income from insurance operations for the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to the enactment of the TCJA, which resulted in a one-time income tax benefit in fiscal 2018.

Agreements issued increased for both the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018. The average number of agreements in force increased 9 percent and 8 percent for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018. The average number of agreements in force has increased due to insurance portfolio growth in recent years, most notably in guaranteed auto protection agreements, prepaid maintenance agreements, and tire and wheel protection agreements.

Our insurance operations reported insurance earned premiums and contract revenues of $676 million and $226 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $657 million and $220 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues represent revenues from in force agreements and are affected by sales issuances as well as the level, age, and mix of in force agreements. Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues are recognized over the term of the agreements in relation to the timing and level of anticipated claims. The increase in insurance earned premiums and contract revenues in the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to insurance portfolio growth in recent years.

Our insurance operations reported investment and other income, net of $38 million and $31 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $114 million and $32 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. Investment and other income, net, consists primarily of dividend and interest income, realized gains and losses on investments in marketable securities, and changes in fair value from equity investments and other-than-temporary impairment on available-for-sale debt securities, if any. Prior to April 1, 2018, our equity investments were considered available-for-sale and changes in fair value were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. As a result of the adoption of new accounting guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, all equity investments are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The decrease in investment and other income, net in the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to recognized losses in fair value from our equity investments of $48 million, partially offset by a $22 million increase in interest and dividend income. Investment and other income, net in the first nine months of fiscal 2018 was impacted by realized gains from the sale of a portion of our fixed income mutual funds portfolio to take advantage of favorable market conditions.

Our insurance operations reported insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses of $343 million and $106 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $316 million and $100 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred are a function of the amount of covered risks, the frequency and severity of claims associated with in force agreements and the level of risk retained by our insurance operations. Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses include amounts paid and accrued for reported losses, estimates of losses incurred but not reported, and any related claim adjustment expenses. The increase in insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses in the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was primarily due to an increase in losses in our tire and wheel protection, guaranteed auto protection agreements, and prepaid maintenance agreements. The increases in our tire and wheel protection and prepaid maintenance losses were due to a higher number of average in force agreements, as well as an increase in the severity of claims. The increase in our guaranteed auto protection agreement losses was due to an increase in the frequency and severity of claims.

Our insurance operations reported operating and administrative expenses of $257 million and $88 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to $242 million and $84 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. The increase in operating and administrative expenses in the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, was attributable to higher product and dealer back-end expenses driven by the continued growth of our insurance business. Insurance dealer back-end program expenses are incentives or expense reduction programs we provide to dealers based on certain performance criteria.

Our overall provision for income taxes was $178 million and $69 million for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $2,655 million and $2,821 million for the same periods in fiscal 2018. Our effective tax rate was 26 percent and 24 percent for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, respectively. The change in the provision for income taxes for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, is primarily due to a one-time $2.9 billion income tax benefit recorded in fiscal 2018, attributable to the revaluation of our net deferred tax liabilities resulting from the reduction of the federal statutory income tax rate by the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 from 35 percent to 21 percent.

The composition of our vehicle contract volume and market share is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	December 31,						Percentage			December 31,						Percentage
(units in thousands):	2018			2017			Change			2018			2017			Change
Vehicle financing volume:¹
New retail contracts		137			165			(17	)%		439			484			(9	)%
Used retail contracts		62			58			7	%		191			190			1	%
Lease contracts		120			120			-	%		393			390			1	%
Total		319			343			(7	)%		1,023			1,064			(4	)%

TMNA subvened vehicle financing volume (units included in the above table):
New retail contracts		67			113			(41	)%		263			294			(11	)%
Used retail contracts		6			5			20	%		25			42			(40	)%
Lease contracts		112			112			-	%		373			361			3	%
Total		185			230			(20	)%		661			697			(5	)%

Market share:²		56.4	%		61.5	%					59.1	%		59.2	%

The volume of our retail and lease contracts, which are acquired primarily from Toyota and Lexus dealers, is substantially dependent upon TMNA new sales volume as well as the level of TMNA sponsored subvention and other incentive programs.

Our financing volume decreased 4 percent for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, as a result of lower consumer demand for Toyota and Lexus vehicles. Despite lower levels of subvention, our market share remained relatively unchanged for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018. Our financing volume decreased 7 percent for the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, due to lower consumer demand for Toyota and Lexus vehicles and competition from other financial institutions. Our market share decreased 5 percentage points for the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, due to lower levels of subvention and increased competition from other financial institutions.

	December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2018		2018		Change
Net Earning Assets
Finance receivables, net
Retail finance receivables, net	$	53,017	$	52,378		1	%
Dealer financing, net¹		16,570		17,269		(4	)%
Total finance receivables, net		69,587		69,647		-	%
Investments in operating leases, net		38,562		38,697		-	%
Net earning assets	$	108,149	$	108,344		-	%


Dealer Financing
(Number of dealers serviced)
Toyota and Lexus dealers¹		959		988		(3	)%
Dealers outside of the Toyota/Lexus dealer network		351		364		(4	)%
Total number of dealers receiving wholesale financing		1,310		1,352		(3	)%

Dealer inventory outstanding (units in thousands)		292		334		(13	)%

Our new retail contract volume decreased 9 percent and 17 percent for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018 primarily due to lower demand for Toyota and Lexus vehicles, lower levels of subvention and competition from other financial institutions.

Our retail finance receivables, net increased 1 percent at December 31, 2018 as compared to March 31, 2018 as a result of an increase in the average amount financed.

Our lease contract volume was relatively consistent for the first nine months and third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same periods in fiscal 2018, and our investments in operating leases, net, remained relatively unchanged at December 31, 2018, as compared to March 31, 2018.

Dealer financing, net at December 31, 2018, decreased 4 percent from March 31, 2018 due primarily to a decrease in dealer inventory outstanding.

The primary factors affecting our exposure to residual value risk are the levels at which residual values are established at lease inception, current economic conditions and outlook, projected end-of-term market values, and the resulting impact on depreciation expense and lease return rates.

On a quarterly basis, we review the estimated end-of-term market values of leased vehicles to assess the appropriateness of our carrying values. To the extent the estimated end-of-term market value of a leased vehicle is lower than the residual value established at lease inception, the residual value of the leased vehicle is adjusted downward so that the carrying value at lease end will approximate the estimated end-of-term market value. For investments in operating leases, adjustments are made on a straight-line basis over the remaining terms of the lease contracts and are included in Depreciation on operating leases in our Consolidated Statements of Income as a change in accounting estimate.

Depreciation on operating leases and average operating lease units outstanding are as follows:

Depreciation expense on operating leases remained relatively unchanged during the first nine months of fiscal 2019 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2018. Depreciation expense on operating leases decreased 3 percent during the third quarter of fiscal 2019, compared to the same period in fiscal 2018, primarily due to improvements in used vehicle values which resulted in lower residual value losses. Higher average operating lease units outstanding and the resulting increase in maturities, a higher supply of used vehicles, as well as deterioration in actual and expected used vehicle values for Toyota and Lexus vehicles could unfavorably impact return rates, residual values, and depreciation expense.

Our credit loss experience may be affected by a number of factors including the economic environment, our purchasing, servicing and collections practices, used vehicle market conditions and subvention. We continuously evaluate and refine our purchasing practices and collection efforts to minimize risk. In addition, subvention contributes to our overall portfolio quality, as subvened contracts typically have higher credit quality than non-subvened contracts.

	December 31,			March 31,			December 31,
	2018			2018			2017
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average gross earning assets¹
Finance receivables		0.38	%		0.44	%		0.42	%
Operating leases		0.23	%		0.31	%		0.30	%
Total		0.33	%		0.39	%		0.38	%

Default frequency as a percentage of outstanding contracts		1.44	%		1.46	%		1.46	%
Average loss severity per unit²	$	7,155		$	7,497		$	7,402

Aggregate balances for accounts 60 or more days past due as a percentage of gross earning assets³
Finance receivables⁴		0.41	%		0.32	%		0.46	%
Operating leases⁴		0.33	%		0.27	%		0.38	%
Total		0.38	%		0.30	%		0.43	%

The level of credit losses primarily reflects two factors: default frequency and loss severity. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average gross earning assets decreased to 0.33 percent at December 31, 2018 compared to 0.38 percent at December 31, 2017 due to a continued focus on late stage collection activities. Default frequency as a percentage of outstanding contracts decreased to 1.44 percent for the first nine months of fiscal 2019, compared to 1.46 percent in the same period in fiscal 2018. Our average loss severity for the first nine months of fiscal 2019 decreased to $7,155 from $7,402 in the same period of fiscal 2018 due to a continued focus on late stage collection activities as well as changes in our purchasing practices that have improved the overall quality of our portfolio. Our delinquencies decreased to 0.38 percent at December 31, 2018 compared to 0.43 percent at December 31, 2017, but have increased from 0.30 percent at March 31, 2018 reflective of our typical seasonal pattern for delinquency. Changes in the economy that impact the consumer such as increasing interest rates, and a rise in the unemployment rate as well as higher debt balances, coupled with deterioration in actual and expected used vehicle values, could increase our credit losses. In addition, a decline in the effectiveness of our collection practices could also increase our credit losses.

We maintain an allowance for credit losses to cover probable and estimable losses as of the balance sheet date resulting from the non-performance of our customers and dealers under their contractual obligations. The determination of the allowance involves significant assumptions, complex analyses, and management judgment.

The allowance for credit losses for our consumer portfolio is established through a process that estimates probable losses incurred as of the balance sheet date based upon consistently applied statistical analyses of portfolio data. This process utilizes delinquency migration analysis, in which historical delinquency and credit loss experience is applied to the current aging of the portfolio, and incorporates current and expected trends and other relevant factors, including used vehicle market conditions, economic conditions, unemployment rates, purchase quality mix, and operational factors. This process, along with management judgment, is used to establish the allowance for credit losses to cover probable and estimable losses incurred as of the balance sheet date. Movement in any of these factors would cause changes in estimated probable losses.

The allowance for credit losses for our dealer portfolio is established by aggregating dealer financing receivables into loan-risk pools, which are determined based on the risk characteristics of the loan (e.g. secured by vehicles, real estate or dealership assets). We analyze the loan-risk pools using internally developed risk ratings for each dealer. In addition, we have established procedures that focus on managing high risk loans in our dealer portfolio. Our field operations management and special assets group are consulted each quarter to determine if any specific dealer loan is considered impaired. If impaired loans are identified, specific reserves are established, as appropriate, and the loan is removed from the loan-risk pool for separate monitoring.

The following table provides information related to our allowance for credit losses:

Our allowance for credit losses decreased $38 million from $634 million at December 31, 2017 to $596 million at December 31, 2018 primarily due to lower credit loss experience, which was partially offset by deterioration in the financial performance of certain dealers. Changes in the economy that impact the consumer such as increasing interest rates and a rise in the unemployment rate as well as higher debt balances, coupled with deterioration in actual and expected used vehicle values, could result in increases to our allowance for credit losses. In addition, a decline in the effectiveness of our collection practices could also increase our allowance for credit losses.

Liquidity risk is the risk relating to our ability to meet our financial obligations when they come due. Our liquidity strategy is to ensure that we maintain the ability to fund assets and repay liabilities in a timely and cost-effective manner, even in adverse market conditions. Our strategy includes raising funds via the global capital markets and through loans, credit facilities, and other transactions as well as generating liquidity from our earning assets. This strategy has led us to develop a diversified borrowing base that is distributed across a variety of markets, geographies, investors and financing structures, among other factors.

The following table summarizes the components of our outstanding funding sources at carrying value:

Liquidity management involves forecasting and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet our cash needs, including unanticipated events. To ensure adequate liquidity through a full range of potential operating environments and market conditions, we conduct our liquidity management and business activities in a manner that will preserve and enhance funding stability, flexibility and diversity. Key components of this operating strategy include a strong focus on developing and maintaining direct relationships with commercial paper investors and wholesale market funding providers, and maintaining the ability to sell certain assets when and if conditions warrant.

We develop and maintain contingency funding plans and regularly evaluate our liquidity position under various operating circumstances, allowing us to assess how we will be able to operate through a period of stress when access to normal sources of capital is constrained. The plans project funding requirements during a potential period of stress, specify and quantify sources of liquidity, and outline actions and procedures for effectively managing through the problem period. In addition, we monitor the ratings and credit exposure of the lenders that participate in our credit facilities to ascertain any issues that may arise with potential draws on these facilities if that contingency becomes warranted.

We maintain broad access to a variety of domestic and global markets and may choose to realign our funding activities depending upon market conditions, relative costs, and other factors. We believe that our funding sources, combined with operating and investing activities, provide sufficient liquidity to meet future funding requirements and business growth. Our funding volume is primarily based on the expected net change in earning assets and debt maturities.

For liquidity purposes, we hold cash in excess of our immediate funding needs. These excess funds are invested in short-term, highly liquid and investment grade money market instruments as well as certain available-for-sale debt securities, which provide liquidity for our short-term funding needs and flexibility in the use of our other funding sources. We maintained excess funds ranging from $5.2 billion to $9.0 billion with an average balance of $7.4 billion during the quarter ended December 31, 2018. We utilized a portion of our excess funds for our immediate funding needs which resulted in a decline in excess funds during the third quarter of fiscal 2019. As a result of our access to additional liquidity under the $5.0 billion credit facility with TMS, and depending on market conditions and other factors, we may further reduce the amount of excess funds we hold in future periods in an amount up to the size of the facility. Our credit facility with TMS is further described in Note 10 – Liquidity Facilities and Letters of Credit of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We may lend to or borrow from affiliates on terms based upon a number of business factors such as funds availability, cash flow timing, relative cost of funds, and market access capabilities.

Credit support is provided to us by our indirect parent Toyota Financial Services Corporation (“TFSC”), and, in turn to TFSC by TMC. Taken together, these credit support agreements provide an additional source of liquidity to us, although we do not rely upon such credit support in our liquidity planning and capital and risk management. The credit support agreements are not a guarantee by TMC or TFSC of any securities or obligations of TFSC or TMCC, respectively. The fees paid pursuant to these agreements are disclosed in Note 13 – Related Party Transactions of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

TMC’s obligations under its credit support agreement with TFSC rank pari passu with TMC’s senior unsecured debt obligations. Refer to Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 for further discussion.

We routinely monitor global financial conditions and our financial exposure to our global counterparties, particularly in those countries experiencing significant economic, fiscal or political strain and the corresponding likelihood of default. We do not currently have exposure to sovereign counterparties in countries experiencing significant economic, fiscal or political strain or any other sovereign counterparties. Refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Liquidity Facilities and Letters of Credit” section and “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors - The failure or commercial soundness of our counterparties and other financial institutions may have an effect on our liquidity, results of operations or financial condition” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 for further discussion.

Short-term funding needs are met through the issuance of commercial paper in the U.S. Commercial paper outstanding under our commercial paper programs ranged from approximately $25.6 billion to $27.6 billion during the quarter ended December 31, 2018, with an average outstanding balance of $26.4 billion. Our commercial paper programs are supported by the liquidity facilities discussed under the heading “Liquidity Facilities and Letters of Credit.” We believe we have ample capacity to meet our short-term funding requirements and manage our liquidity.

The following table summarizes the components of our unsecured notes and loans payable:

We maintain a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to provide for the issuance of debt securities in the U.S. capital markets to retail and institutional investors. We qualify as a well-known seasoned issuer under SEC rules, which allows us to issue under our registration statement an unlimited amount of debt securities during the three year period ending January 2021. Debt securities issued under the U.S. shelf registration statement are issued pursuant to the terms of an indenture which requires TMCC to comply with certain covenants, including negative pledge and cross-default provisions. We are currently in compliance with these covenants.

Our EMTN program, shared with our affiliates Toyota Motor Finance (Netherlands) B.V., Toyota Credit Canada Inc. and Toyota Finance Australia Limited (TMCC and such affiliates, the “EMTN Issuers”), provides for the issuance of debt securities in the international capital markets. In September 2018, the EMTN Issuers renewed the EMTN program for a one year period. The maximum aggregate principal amount authorized under the EMTN Program to be outstanding at any time is €50.0 billion or the equivalent in other currencies, of which €22.3 billion was available for issuance at December 31, 2018. The authorized amount is shared among all EMTN Issuers. The authorized aggregate principal amount under the EMTN program may be increased from time to time. Debt securities issued under the EMTN program are issued pursuant to the terms of an agency agreement. Certain debt securities issued under the EMTN program are subject to negative pledge provisions. We are currently in compliance with these covenants.

TMCC has entered into term loan agreements with various banks. These term loan agreements contain covenants and conditions customary in transactions of this nature, including negative pledge provisions, cross-default provisions and limitations on certain consolidations, mergers and sales of assets. We are currently in compliance with these covenants and conditions. In addition, we may issue other debt securities through the global capital markets or enter into other unsecured financing arrangements, including those in which we agree to use the proceeds solely to acquire retail or lease contracts financing new Toyota and Lexus vehicles of specified “green” models. The terms of these “green” bond transactions are consistent with the terms of other similar transactions except that the proceeds we receive are included in Restricted cash and cash equivalents in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, when applicable.

Asset-backed securitization of our earning asset portfolio provides us with an alternative source of funding. We securitize finance receivables and beneficial interests in investments in operating leases (“Securitized Assets”) using a variety of structures. Our securitization transactions involve the transfer of Securitized Assets to bankruptcy-remote special purpose entities. These bankruptcy-remote entities are used to ensure that the Securitized Assets are isolated from the claims of creditors of TMCC and that the cash flows from these assets are available solely for the benefit of the investors in these asset-backed securities. Investors in asset-backed securities do not have recourse to our other assets, and neither TMCC nor our affiliates guarantee these obligations. We are not required to repurchase or make reallocation payments with respect to the Securitized Assets that become delinquent or default after securitization. As seller and servicer of the Securitized Assets, we are required to repurchase or make a reallocation payment with respect to the underlying assets that are subsequently discovered not to have met specified eligibility requirements. This repurchase obligation is customary in securitization transactions.

We service the Securitized Assets in accordance with our customary servicing practices and procedures. Our servicing duties include collecting payments on Securitized Assets and submitting them to a trustee for distribution to security holders and other interest holders. We prepare monthly servicer certificates on the performance of the Securitized Assets, including collections, investor distributions, delinquencies, and credit losses. We also perform administrative services for the special purpose entities.

Our use of special purpose entities in securitizations is consistent with conventional practice in the securitization market. None of our officers, directors, or employees hold any equity interests or receive any direct or indirect compensation from our special purpose entities. These entities do not own our stock or the stock of any of our affiliates. Each special purpose entity has a limited purpose and generally is permitted only to purchase assets, issue asset-backed securities, and make payments to the security holders, other interest holders and certain service providers as required under the terms of the transactions.

Our securitizations are structured to provide credit enhancement to reduce the risk of loss to security holders and other interest holders in the asset-backed securities. Credit enhancement may include some or all of the following:

In addition to the credit enhancement described above, we may enter into interest rate swaps with our special purpose entities that issue variable rate debt. Under the terms of these swaps, the special purpose entities are obligated to pay TMCC a fixed rate of interest on payment dates in exchange for receiving a floating rate of interest on notional amounts equal to the outstanding balance of the secured debt. This arrangement enables the special purpose entities to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in issuing variable rate debt that is secured by fixed rate Securitized Assets.

Securitized Assets and the related debt remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recognize financing revenue on the Securitized Assets. We also recognize interest expense on the secured debt issued by the special purpose entities and maintain an allowance for credit losses on the Securitized Assets to cover estimated probable credit losses using a methodology consistent with that used for our non-securitized asset portfolio. The interest rate swaps between TMCC and the special purpose entities are considered intercompany transactions and therefore are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

We maintain shelf registration statements with the SEC to provide for the issuance of securities backed by Securitized Assets in the U.S. capital markets. We regularly sponsor public securitization trusts that issue securities backed by retail finance receivables, including registered securities that we retain. Funding obtained from our public term securitization transactions is repaid as the underlying Securitized Assets amortize. None of these securities have defaulted, experienced any events of default or failed to pay principal in full at maturity. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, we did not have any outstanding lease securitization transactions registered with the SEC.

We periodically enter into term securitization transactions whereby we agree to use the proceeds solely to acquire retail and lease contracts financing new Toyota and Lexus vehicles of certain specified “green” models. The terms of these “green” securitization transactions are consistent with the terms of our other similar transactions except that the proceeds we receive are included in Restricted cash and cash equivalents in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, when applicable.

We also regularly execute private securitization transactions of Securitized Assets with bank-sponsored multi-seller asset-backed conduits. Funding obtained from our private securitization transactions is repaid as the underlying Securitized Assets amortize.

For additional liquidity purposes, we maintain credit facilities as described below:

364 Day Credit Agreement, Three Year Credit Agreement and Five Year Credit Agreement

The cost and availability of unsecured financing is influenced by credit ratings, which are intended to be an indicator of the creditworthiness of a particular company, security, or obligation. Lower ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs as well as reduced access to capital markets. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold securities, and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning credit rating organization. Each credit rating organization may have different criteria for evaluating risk, and therefore ratings should be evaluated independently for each organization. Our credit ratings depend in part on the existence of the credit support agreements of TFSC and TMC. Refer to “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors - Our borrowing costs and access to the unsecured debt capital markets depend significantly on the credit ratings of TMCC and its parent companies and our credit support arrangements” in our fiscal 2018 Form 10-K.

Our liabilities consist mainly of fixed and variable rate debt, denominated in U.S. dollars and various other currencies, which we issue in the global capital markets, while our assets consist primarily of U.S. dollar denominated, fixed rate receivables. We enter into interest rate swaps, interest rate floors, and foreign currency swaps to economically hedge the interest rate and foreign currency risks that result from the different characteristics of our assets and liabilities. Our use of derivative transactions is intended to reduce long-term fluctuations in the fair value of assets and liabilities caused by market movements. All of our derivative activities are authorized and monitored by our management and our Asset-Liability Committee which provides a framework for financial controls and governance to manage market risk.

All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, taking into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow us to net settle positive and negative positions and offset cash collateral held with the same counterparty on a net basis. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Our derivative contracts are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Master Agreements. Substantially all of these ISDA Master Agreements contain reciprocal ratings triggers providing either party with an option to terminate the agreement at market value in the event of a ratings downgrade of the other party below a specified threshold. We have daily valuation and collateral exchange arrangements with all of our counterparties. Our collateral agreements with substantially all our counterparties include a zero threshold, full collateralization arrangement. However, due to the time required to move collateral, there may be a delay of up to one day between the exchange of collateral and the valuation of our derivatives. We would not be required to post additional collateral to the counterparties with whom we were in a net liability position at December 31, 2018, if our credit ratings were to decline, since we fully collateralize without regard to credit ratings with these counterparties.

We categorize derivatives as those designated for hedge accounting (“hedge accounting derivatives”) and those that are not designated for hedge accounting (“non-hedge accounting derivatives”). At the inception of a derivative contract, we may elect to designate a derivative as a hedge accounting derivative. As of December 31, 2018, we had no hedge accounting derivatives.

We may also, from time-to-time, issue debt which can be characterized as hybrid financial instruments. These obligations often contain an embedded derivative which may require bifurcation. Changes in the fair value of the bifurcated embedded derivative are reported in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, we had no outstanding embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated. Refer to Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and Note 7 – Derivatives, Hedging Activities and Interest Expense of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional information.

The following table summarizes our derivative assets and liabilities, which are included in Other assets and Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Collateral represents cash received or deposited under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties. As of December 31, 2018, we held collateral of $186 million, which offset derivative assets, and we posted collateral of $932 million, which offset derivative liabilities. In addition, there was $442 million of counterparty netting included for both derivative assets and derivative liabilities as of December 31, 2018. We also held excess collateral of $6 million which we did not use to offset derivative assets, and we posted excess collateral of $34 million which we did not use to offset derivative liabilities. As of March 31, 2018, we held collateral of $737 million, which offset derivative assets, and we posted collateral of $262 million which offset derivative liabilities. In addition, there was $560 million of counterparty netting included for both derivative assets and derivative liabilities. We also held excess collateral of $11 million, which we did not use to offset derivative assets, and we posted excess collateral of $3 million which we did not use to offset derivative liabilities.

We manage derivative counterparty credit risk by maintaining policies for entering into derivative contracts, exercising our rights under our derivative contracts, requiring the posting of collateral and actively monitoring our exposure to counterparties.

All of our derivative counterparties to which we had credit exposure at December 31, 2018 were assigned investment grade ratings by a credit rating organization. Our counterparty credit risk could be adversely affected by deterioration of the global economy and financial distress in the banking industry.

Our ISDA Master Agreements contain reciprocal collateral arrangements which help mitigate our exposure to the credit risk associated with our counterparties. As of December 31, 2018, we have daily valuation and collateral exchange arrangements with all of our counterparties. Our collateral agreements with substantially all our counterparties include a zero threshold, full collateralization requirement, which has significantly reduced counterparty credit risk exposure. Under our ISDA Master Agreements, cash is the only permissible form of collateral. Neither we nor our counterparties are required to hold collateral in a segregated account. Our collateral agreements include legal right of offset provisions, pursuant to which collateral amounts are netted against derivative assets or derivative liabilities, the net amount of which is included in Other assets or Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In addition, many of our ISDA Master Agreements contain reciprocal ratings triggers providing either party with an option to terminate the agreement and related transactions at market value in the event of a ratings downgrade below a specified threshold. Refer to “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our fiscal 2018 Form 10-K for further discussion.

A summary of our net counterparty credit exposure by credit rating (net of collateral held) is presented below:

We exclude from the table above credit valuation adjustments which were not significant as of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 related to non-performance risk of our counterparties. All derivative credit valuation adjustments are recorded in Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

Refer to Note 1 – Interim Financial Data of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

TMCC has guaranteed the payments of principal and interest with respect to the bond obligations that were issued by Putnam County, West Virginia and Gibson County, Indiana to finance the construction of pollution control facilities at manufacturing plants of certain TMCC affiliates. Refer to Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

A description of our lending commitments is included under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” and Note 15 - Related Party Transactions of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our fiscal 2018 Form 10-K, as well as in Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Refer to Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of agreements containing indemnification provisions.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer and principal financial officer) and Chief Accounting Officer (the principal accounting officer), of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Accounting Officer (“CAO”) concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2018, to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules, regulations, and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our CEO and CAO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Various legal actions, governmental proceedings and other claims are pending or may be instituted or asserted in the future against us with respect to matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Certain of these actions are or purport to be class action suits, seeking sizeable damages and/or changes in our business operations, policies and practices. Certain of these actions are similar to suits that have been filed against other financial institutions and captive finance companies. We perform periodic reviews of pending claims and actions to determine the probability of adverse verdicts and resulting amounts of liability. We establish accruals for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. When we are able, we also determine estimates of reasonably possible loss or range of loss, whether in excess of any related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability. Refer to Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with legal matters, the actual costs of resolving legal claims and associated costs of defense may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts for which accruals have been established. Based on available information and established accruals, we do not believe it is reasonably possible that the results of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our fiscal 2018 Form 10-K.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

California		95-3775816
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6565 Headquarters Drive Plano, Texas		75024
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (469) 486-9300

	December 31,			March 31,
	2018			2018
Retail receivables	$	42,665		$	41,265
Securitized retail receivables		11,327			12,130
Dealer financing		16,744			17,420
		70,736			70,815

Deferred origination (fees) and costs, net		671			630
Deferred income		(1,345	)		(1,335	)
Allowance for credit losses
Retail and securitized retail receivables		(301	)		(312	)
Dealer financing		(174	)		(151	)
Total allowance for credit losses		(475	)		(463	)
Finance receivables, net	$	69,587		$	69,647

	December 31,			March 31,
	2018			2018
Investments in operating leases	$	41,949		$	42,863
Securitized investments in operating leases		9,107			7,869
		51,056			50,732
Deferred origination (fees) and costs, net		(234	)		(224	)
Deferred income		(2,114	)		(1,700	)
Accumulated depreciation		(10,025	)		(9,977	)
Allowance for credit losses		(121	)		(134	)
Investments in operating leases, net	$	38,562		$	38,697

	December 31,		March 31,
	2018		2018
Commitments:
Credit facilities commitments with dealers	$	1,404	$	1,286
Minimum lease commitments		149		162
Total commitments		1,553		1,448
Guarantees of affiliate pollution control and solid waste disposal bonds		100		100
Total commitments and guarantees	$	1,653	$	1,548

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

INDEX
PART I	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Consolidated Statements of Income	3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
Consolidated Statements of Shareholder’s Equity	5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	71
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	71
PART II	72
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	72
Item 1A. Risk Factors	72
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	72
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	72
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	72
Item 5. Other Information	72
Item 6. Exhibits	73
Signatures	75

Balance at March 31, 2018	$	915	$	2	$	(29	)	$	11,992		$	12,880

Cumulative-effect of change in accounting policy		-		-		12			(122	)		(110	)
Net income for the nine months ended December 31, 2018		-		-		-			500			500
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-		-		10			-			10
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	915	$	2	$	(7	)	$	12,370		$	13,280

	March 31,		Adjustments related			April 1,
	2018		to adoption			2018
Assets:
Other assets	$	1,614	$	73		$	1,687

Liabilities and shareholder's equity:
Deferred income taxes	$	5,326	$	(36	)	$	5,290
Other liabilities		3,987		219			4,206
Retained earnings		11,992		(110	)		11,882

	Nine Months Ended December 31, 2018
			Effect of		Balances without
	As reported		adoption		adoption
Insurance earned premiums and contract revenues	$	676	$	6	$	682
Provision for income taxes		178		1		179
Net income		500		5		505
Comprehensive income		510		5		515

	December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Due within 1 year	$	264	$	264
Due after 1 year through 5 years		96		95
Due after 5 years through 10 years		156		152
Due after 10 years		71		68
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities¹		125		125
Total	$	712	$	704

					Weighted average
					contractual interest rates
	December 31,		March 31,		December 31,			March 31,
	2018		2018		2018			2018
Commercial paper	$	25,794	$	27,313		2.56	%		1.80	%
Unsecured notes and loans payable		56,825		57,402		2.49	%		2.18	%
Secured notes and loans payable		13,310		13,638		2.55	%		1.95	%
Total debt	$	95,929	$	98,353		2.52	%		2.04	%

	December 31, 2018
			VIE Assets						VIE Liabilities
			Gross		Net
	Restricted Cash		Securitized Assets		Securitized Assets		Other Assets		Debt		Other Liabilities
Retail finance receivables	$	615	$	11,327	$	11,109	$	6	$	9,225	$	8
Investments in operating leases		345		9,107		6,514		250		4,085		4
Total	$	960	$	20,434	$	17,623	$	256	$	13,310	$	12

	Future minimum
Years ending March 31,	lease payments
2019	$	6
2020		22
2021		18
2022		20
2023		12
Thereafter		71
Total	$	149

(Dollars in millions)	U.S. medium term notes ("MTNs") and domestic bonds				Euro MTNs ("EMTNs")				Other				Total unsecured notes and loans payable⁵
Balance at March 31, 2018¹	$	35,465			$	15,900			$	6,281			$	57,646
Issuances		7,447		²		1,641		³		1,615		⁴		10,703
Maturities and terminations		(7,216	)			(1,273	)			(1,836	)			(10,325	)
Non-cash changes in foreign currency rates		-				(922	)			(25	)			(947	)
Balance at December 31, 2018¹	$	35,696			$	15,346			$	6,035			$	57,077

Exhibit Number	Description	Method of Filing

3.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation filed with the California Secretary of State on April 1, 2010	(1)

3.2	Bylaws as amended through December 8, 2000	(2)

10.1	364 Day Credit Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2018, among Toyota Motor Credit Corporation, Toyota Motor Finance (NETHERLANDS) B.V., Toyota Financial Services (UK) PLC, Toyota Leasing GMBH, Toyota Credit De Puerto Rico Corp., Toyota Credit Canada Inc., Toyota Kreditbank GMBH, and Toyota Finance Australia Limited, as Borrowers, the lenders party thereto, and BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Agent and Swing Line Lender, BNP Paribas Securities Corp., Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as Swing Line Lenders, and Citibank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Syndication Agents	(3)

10.2	Three Year Credit Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2018, among Toyota Motor Credit Corporation, Toyota Motor Finance (Netherlands) B.V., Toyota Financial Services (UK) PLC, Toyota Leasing GMBH, Toyota Credit De Puerto Rico Corp., Toyota Credit Canada Inc., Toyota Kreditbank GMBH and Toyota Finance Australia Limited, as Borrowers, the lenders party thereto, and BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Agent and Swing Line Lender, BNP Paribas Securities Corp., Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as Swing Line Lenders, and Citibank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Syndication Agents	(4)

10.3	Five Year Credit Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2018, among Toyota Motor Credit Corporation, Toyota Motor Finance (Netherlands) B.V., Toyota Financial Services (UK) PLC, Toyota Leasing GMBH, Toyota Credit De Puerto Rico Corp., Toyota Credit Canada Inc., Toyota Kreditbank GMBH and Toyota Finance Australia Limited, as Borrowers, the lenders party thereto, and BNP Paribas, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Agent and Swing Line Lender, BNP Paribas Securities Corp., Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Book Managers, Citibank, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as Swing Line Lenders, and Citibank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and MUFG Bank, LTD., as Syndication Agents	(5)

10.4	Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2018, between TMCC and Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.	(6)

	TOYOTA MOTOR CREDIT CORPORATION
	(Registrant)

Date: February 7, 2019	By	/s/ Mark Templin
		Mark Templin
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

Date: February 7, 2019	By	/s/ Ron Chu
		Ron Chu
		Group Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer