XML 23 R8.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT  v2.3.0.11
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements reflect the Company's accounts and the accounts of the Company's majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries.  The Company also consolidates entities that are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where it has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of such entities.  Once it is determined that the Company holds a variable interest in a VIE, management must perform a qualitative analysis to determine (i) if the Company has the power to direct the matters that most significantly impact the VIE's financial performance; and (ii) if the Company has the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive the benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.  If the Company's interest possesses both of these characteristics, the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and would be required to consolidate the VIE. This assessment must be done on an ongoing basis. The portions of these entities that the Company does not own are presented as noncontrolling interests as of the dates and for the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
 
Variable interests in the Company's real estate segment have historically related to subordinated financings in the form of mezzanine loans or unconsolidated real estate interests.  As of June 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, the Company had one such variable interest that it consolidated.  The Company will continually assess its involvement with VIEs and reevaluate the requirement to consolidate them.  See Note 9 for additional disclosures pertaining to VIEs.
 
All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
Reclassifications and Revisions
 
Certain reclassifications and revisions have been made to the fiscal 2010 consolidated financial statements to conform to the fiscal 2011 presentation.
 
Financing Receivables
 
Receivables from Managed Entities.  The Company performs a review of the collectability of its receivables from managed entities on a periodic basis.  With respect to the receivables from its commercial finance investment partnerships, if upon review there is an indication of impairment, the Company will analyze the future cash flows of the managed entity, which takes into consideration several assumptions by management, specifically concerning estimations of future bad debts and recoveries.  For the receivables from the real estate investment entities for which there are indications of impairment, the Company estimates the cash flows through the sale of the underlying properties, which is based on projected net operating income as a multiple of published capitalization rates, which is then reduced by the underlying mortgage balance and priority distributions due to the investors in the entity.
 
Investments in Commercial Finance.  The Company's investments in commercial finance consist primarily of direct financing leases, equipment loans, and operating leases.
 
Direct financing leases.  Certain of the Company's lease transactions are accounted for as direct financing leases (as distinguished from operating leases).  Such leases transfer substantially all benefits and risks of equipment ownership to the customer.  The Company's investment in direct financing leases consists of the sum of the total future minimum contracted payments receivable and the estimated unguaranteed residual value of leased equipment, less unearned finance income.  Unearned finance income, which is recognized as revenue over the term of the financing by the effective interest method, represents the excess of the total future minimum lease payments plus the estimated unguaranteed residual value expected to be realized at the end of the lease term over the cost of the related equipment.  Initial direct costs incurred in the consummation of the lease are capitalized as part of the investment in lease receivables and amortized over the lease term as a reduction of the yield.  The Company discontinues recognizing revenue for lease and loans for which payments are more than 90 days past due.  Fees from delinquent payments are recognized when received.
 
Equipment Loans. For term loans, the investment consists of the sum of the total future minimum loan payments receivable less unearned finance income.  Unearned finance income, which is recognized as revenue over the term of the financing by the effective interest method, represents the excess of the total future minimum contracted payments over the original cost of the loan.  For all other loans, interest income is recorded at the stated rate on the accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected.
 
Operating leases.  Leases not meeting any of the criteria to be classified as direct financing leases are deemed to be operating leases.  Under the accounting for operating leases, the cost of the leased equipment, including acquisition fees associated with lease placements, is recorded as an asset and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the equipment's estimated useful life, generally up to seven years.  Rental income consists primarily of monthly periodic rental payments due under the terms of the leases.  The Company recognizes rental income on a straight-line basis.
 
During the lease term of existing operating leases, the Company may not recover all of the cost and related expenses of its rental equipment and, therefore, it is prepared to remarket the equipment in future years.  The Company's policy is to review, on at least a quarterly basis, the expected economic life of its rental equipment in order to determine the recoverability of its undepreciated cost.  The Company writes down its rental equipment to its estimated net realizable value when it is probable that its carrying amount exceeds such value and the excess can be reasonably estimated; gains are only recognized upon actual sale of the rental equipment.  There were no write-downs of equipment during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Future payment card receivables.  Commercial finance assets also include the remaining capital advances that the Company has made to small businesses based on their future credit card receipts.  The Company accounts for this portfolio on the cost recovery method and, as such, does not recognize any income until its basis in the receivable has been fully recovered.
 
Allowance for credit losses.  The Company evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses in commercial finance receivables based upon, among other factors, management's historical experience with the commercial finance portfolios it manages, an analysis of contractual delinquencies, economic conditions and trends, industry statistics and equipment finance portfolio characteristics, as adjusted for expected recoveries.  In evaluating historic performance of leases and loans, the Company performs a migration analysis, which estimates the likelihood that an account will progress through delinquency stages to ultimate write-off.  The Company fully reserves, net of recoveries, all leases and loans after they are 180 days past due.
 
Servicing and Repurchase Liabilities
 
In May 2010, LEAF Financial sold a portfolio of leases and loans to RCC for which it recorded a $2.5 million liability for the estimated cost to service the portfolio.  Additionally, LEAF Financial recorded a $3.0 million liability for potential repurchases as specified in the sale agreement.  During the three months ended December 31, 2010, the reserve was reduced by $799,000 because of defaulted leases.  As a result of its reacquisition of the RCC portfolio in conjunction with the formation of LEAF in January 2011, the Company eliminated the servicing and repurchase liabilities and recognized a gain of $4.4 million.
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill has an indefinite life and is not amortized.  Instead, a review for impairment is performed at least annually on May 31st or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate impairment might have occurred.  The Company tests its goodwill at the reporting unit level using a two-step process.  The first step is a screen for potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value.  If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to a reporting unit, goodwill is considered not impaired and no further testing is required.  If the fair value is less than the carrying value, step two is completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any.  In step two, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to its carrying amount.  The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by subtracting the sum of the fair values of the individual asset categories (tangible and intangible) from the indicated fair value of the reporting unit as determined under step one.  An impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.
 
The Company utilizes several approaches, including discounted expected cash flows, market data and comparable sales transactions to estimate the fair value of its reporting unit for its impairment review of goodwill.  These approaches require assumptions and estimates of many critical factors, including revenue and market growth, operating cash flows, market multiples, and discount rates, which are based on the current economic environment and credit market conditions.
 
The Company has goodwill of $8.0 million, which was transferred to LEAF in the January 2011 transaction.  The Company tests this goodwill annually in May for impairment.  Based on a third-party valuation, the Company concluded that, as of May 31, 2011, there has been no impairment of its goodwill.
 
Derivative Instruments
 
The Company's policies permit it to enter into derivative contracts, including interest rate swaps to add stability to its financing costs and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements or other identified risks.  The Company has designed these transactions as cash flow hedges.  The contracts or hedge instruments are evaluated at inception and at subsequent balance sheet dates to determine if they continue to qualify for hedge accounting and, accordingly, derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value.  U.S. GAAP requires recognition of all derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.  The Company records changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the extent that it is effective.  Any ineffective portion of a derivative's change in fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings.
 
Recent Accounting Standards
 
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued the following guidance that is not yet effective for the Company as of June 30, 2011:
 
Comprehensive Income.  In June 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to eliminate the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity.  The amendment requires that all non-owner changes in stockholders' equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the two-statement approach, the first statement should present total net income and its components followed consecutively by a second statement that should present total other comprehensive income, the components of other comprehensive income, and the total of comprehensive income. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2012.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact this amendment will have, if any, on its financial statements.
 
Fair Value Measurements.  In May 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to revise the wording used to describe the requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. For many of the requirements, the FASB does not intend for the amendments to result in a change in the application of the current requirements. Some of the amendments clarify the FASB's intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements, such as specifying that the concepts of highest and best use and valuation premise in a fair value measurement are relevant only when measuring the fair value of nonfinancial assets. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements such as specifying that, in the absence of a Level 1 input, a reporting entity should apply premiums or discounts when market participants would do so when pricing the asset or liability. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2012.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact this amendment will have, if any, on its financial statements.
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings.  In fiscal 2010, the FASB issued guidance that requires the disclosure of more detailed information on the nature and extent of troubled debt restructurings and their effect on the allowance for loan and lease losses.  In January 2011, the FASB deferred the effective date of these disclosures.  In April 2011, the FASB issued additional guidance related to determining whether a creditor has granted a concession, including factors and examples for creditors to consider in evaluating whether a restructuring results in a delay in payment that is insignificant, prohibits creditors from using the borrower's effective rate test to evaluate whether a concession has been granted to the borrower, and adds factors for creditors to use in determining whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties.  A provision in the April issuance also ends the FASB's deferral of the additional disclosures about troubled debt restructurings.  This guidance is effective for the Company during the three months ending September 30, 2011.  This guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Performing Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test.  In December 2010, the FASB issued guidance which amends the criteria for performing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts and requires performing Step 2 if qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists.  This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2011.  This guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Recent Accounting Standards
 
Newly-Adopted Accounting Principles
 
The Company adopted the following guidance during fiscal 2011:
 
Transfers of financial assets.  In June 2009, the FASB amended prior guidance on accounting for transfers of financial assets.  The new pronouncement changes the derecognition guidance for the transferors of financial assets, eliminates the exemption from consolidation for qualifying special-purpose entities and requires additional disclosures about all transfers of financial assets.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Disclosure about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses.  In July 2010, the FASB issued guidance that requires companies to provide more information about the credit quality of their financing receivables including, but not limited to, significant purchases and sales of financing receivables, aging information and credit quality indicators.  The Company has provided the required disclosures in the notes to its consolidated financial statements.
 
Variable Interest Entities.  In June 2009, the FASB issued guidance to revise the approach to determine when a VIE should be consolidated.  The new consolidation model for VIEs considers whether the company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and shares in the significant risks and rewards of the entity.  The guidance on VIEs requires companies to continually reassess VIEs to determine if consolidation is appropriate and to provide additional disclosures.  The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, results of operations or cash flows.