Exhibit 99.1

                            Explanation of Responses

(1)   This Form 3 is filed on behalf of Spencer Capital Management, LLC, a
      Delaware limited liability company ("SCM"), and Kenneth H. Shubin Stein,
      MD, CFA, an individual ("Dr. Shubin Stein", and together with SCM, the
      "Reporting Persons"). SCM is an investment management firm and is the
      investment manager of certain investment funds (the "Funds"), which
      directly own the securities disclosed in this Form 3. Dr. Shubin Stein is
      the controlling person of SCM and certain investment funds and a portfolio
      manager of certain investment funds. By reason of the provisions of Rule
      16a-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Act"),
      and the relationship of the Reporting Persons to each other and the Funds,
      Dr. Shubin Stein and SCM may be deemed to be the beneficial owners of an
      indeterminate portion of the securities disclosed herein. Each of the
      Reporting Persons disclaims beneficial ownership of all such securities,
      except to the extent of any indirect pecuniary interest therein, and this
      Form 3 shall not be deemed an admission that any such person is a
      beneficial owner of the securities reported as beneficially owned herein
      for purposes of Section 16 of the Act or for any other purpose.