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VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
In general, a VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its operations without additional subordinated financial support, or an entity for which the risks and rewards of ownership are not directly linked to voting interests. The Company has variable interests in VIEs through its management contracts and investments in various securitization entities, including CDO issuers. Since the Company serves as the asset manager for the investment entities it sponsored and manages, the Company is generally deemed to have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. In the case of an interest in a VIE managed by the Company, the Company will perform an additional qualitative analysis to determine if its interest (including any investment as well as any management fees that qualify as variable interests) could absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. This analysis considers the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios of potential economic results that could reasonably be experienced by the VIE. Then, the Company compares the benefits it would receive (in the optimistic scenario) or the losses it would absorb (in the pessimistic scenario) as compared to benefits and losses absorbed by the VIE in total. If the benefits or losses absorbed by the Company were significant as compared to total benefits and losses absorbed by all variable interest holders, then the Company would conclude it is the primary beneficiary.
Consolidated VIE - RSO
The Company prepared a quantitative analysis to measure the management/incentive fees and the Company’s equity ownership position in RSO relative to the anticipated economic performance of RSO and determined that its benefits could be significant to RSO. Accordingly, management concluded that the Company is the primary beneficiary and should consolidate RSO. However, the assets of RSO are held solely to satisfy RSO’s obligations and the creditors of RSO have no recourse against the assets of the Company.
The following reflects the assets and liabilities and operations of RSO which was consolidated by the Company:
RSO Balance Sheets Detail (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
ASSETS (1)
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
222,313

 
$
262,270

Restricted cash
91,215

 
63,309

Subtotal- Cash and cash equivalents
313,528

 
325,579

Investment securities, trading
8,951

 
11,558

Investment securities available-for-sale, pledged as collateral, at fair value
196,009

 
162,608

Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value
68,494

 
52,598

Subtotal - Investments, at fair value
273,454

 
226,764

Loans, pledged as collateral and net of allowances of $6.5 million and $13.8 million ($120.8 million and $0 at fair value)
1,740,656

 
1,369,526

Loans receivable–related party net of allowance of $700,000 and $0
4,751

 
6,966

Loans held for sale
40,286

 
21,916

Subtotal - Loans, before eliminations
1,785,693

 
1,398,408

Eliminations
(558
)
 
(950
)
Subtotal - Loans
1,785,135

 
1,397,458

Property available-for-sale
29,509

 
25,346

Investment in real estate

 
29,778

Investments in unconsolidated entities
60,480

 
69,069

Subtotal, Investments in real estate and unconsolidated entities
89,989

 
124,193

Line items included in "other assets":
 
 
 
Linked transactions, net at fair value
13,676

 
30,066

Derivatives, at fair value
755

 

Interest receivable
12,028

 
8,965

Deferred tax asset
7,480

 
5,212

Principal paydown receivable
31,950

 
6,821

Intangible assets
10,771

 
11,822

Prepaid expenses
4,153

 
2,871

Other assets
15,272

 
10,726

Subtotal - Other assets, before eliminations
96,085

 
76,483

Eliminations
(23
)
 
(16
)
Subtotal - Other assets
96,062

 
76,467

Total assets (excluding eliminations)
$
2,558,749

 
$
2,151,427

Total assets (including eliminations)
$
2,558,168

 
$
2,150,461

LIABILITIES (2)
 

 
 

Borrowings ($140.2 million and $0 at fair value)
$
1,579,834

 
$
1,319,810

Eliminations
151

 
205

Subtotal Borrowings
1,579,985

 
1,320,015

Distribution payable
28,697

 
27,023

Accrued interest expense
2,063

 
1,693

Derivatives, at fair value
9,855

 
10,586

Accrued tax liability
2,389

 
1,629

Deferred tax liability
4,036

 
4,112

Accounts payable and other liabilities
9,948

 
12,650

Subtotal - Other liabilities, before eliminations
56,988

 
57,693

Eliminations
(2,646
)
 
(2,446
)
Subtotal - Other liabilities
54,342

 
55,247

Total liabilities (before eliminations)
$
1,636,822

 
$
1,377,503

Total liabilities (after eliminations)
$
1,634,327

 
$
1,375,262


RSO Balance Sheets Detail (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
(1) Assets of consolidated RSO's VIEs included in total assets above:
 
 
 
        Restricted cash
$
88,762

 
$
61,372

        Investments securities available-for-sale, pledged as collateral, at fair value
114,641

 
105,846

        Loans held for sale
1,808

 
2,376

        Loans, pledged as collateral and net of allowances of $4.9 million and $8.8 million ($120.8 million and $0 at fair value)
1,234,382

 
1,219,569

        Interest receivable
6,955

 
5,627

        Prepaid expenses
154

 
247

        Principal receivable
31,950

 
6,821

        Total assets of consolidated VIEs
$
1,478,652

 
$
1,401,858

 
 
 
 
(2) Liabilities of consolidated RSO's VIEs included in total liabilities above:
 
 
 
        Borrowings ($140.2 million and $0 at fair value)
$
1,111,314

 
$
1,070,339

        Accrued interest expense
1,295

 
918

        Derivatives, at fair value
9,071

 
10,191

        Accounts payable and other liabilities
1,958

 
1,604

        Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs
$
1,123,638

 
$
1,083,052

The following table presents detail of noncontrolling interests attributable to RSO:
 
June 30,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
Total stockholders' equity per RSO balance sheet
$
921,927

 
$
773,924

Eliminations
(29,924
)
 
(30,560
)
Noncontrolling interests attributable to RSO
$
892,003

 
$
743,364

RSO Income Statement Detail (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
REVENUES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
26,219

 
$
26,184

 
$
46,448

 
$
53,996

Securities
3,391

 
3,896

 
7,395

 
7,538

Interest income − other
982

 
635

 
3,834

 
2,501

Total interest income
30,592

 
30,715

 
57,677

 
64,035

Interest expense
10,610

 
11,134

 
20,247

 
22,299

Net interest income
19,982

 
19,581

 
37,430

 
41,736

Rental income
1,507

 
5,052

 
6,659

 
11,226

Dividend income
17

 
17

 
153

 
33

Equity in net earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries
1,762

 
72

 
3,776

 
(353
)
Fee income
2,717

 
1,527

 
5,473

 
2,937

Net realized and unrealized gains on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans
4,261

 
2,394

 
7,941

 
2,785

Net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities, trading
(650
)
 
(1,751
)
 
(2,210
)
 
(635
)
Unrealized gain (loss) and net interest income on linked transactions, net
5,012

 
(5,245
)
 
7,317

 
(5,504
)
Revenues from consolidated VIE - RSO
34,608

 
21,647

 
66,539

 
52,225

OPERATING EXPENSES
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Management fees − related party
3,314

 
2,915

 
6,394

 
5,893

Equity compensation − related party
2,032

 
2,155

 
3,699

 
5,746

Rental operating expense
1,077

 
3,624

 
4,473

 
7,561

General and administrative
11,896

 
2,382

 
20,001

 
5,863

Depreciation and amortization
760

 
999

 
1,596

 
2,137

Income tax expense
(446
)
 
1,737

 
(430
)
 
3,499

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings

 
535

 

 
556

(Benefit) provision for loan losses
782

 
(1,242
)
 
(3,178
)
 
(200
)
Total operating expenses
19,415

 
13,105

 
32,555

 
31,055

Reclassification of income tax expense
446

 
(1,737
)
 
430

 
(3,499
)
Expenses of consolidated VIE - RSO
19,861

 
11,368

 
32,985

 
27,556

Adjusted operating income
14,747

 
10,279

 
33,554

 
24,669

OTHER REVENUE (EXPENSE)
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Gain on sale of real estate
3,042

 

 
3,042

 

Other expense

 

 
(1,262
)
 

Loss on the reissuance of debt
(533
)
 

 
(602
)
 

Other expense, net, from consolidated VIE - RSO
2,509

 

 
1,178

 

Income from continuing operations
17,256

 
10,279

 
34,732

 
24,669

Income tax provision - RSO
(446
)
 
1,737

 
(430
)
 
3,499

NET INCOME
17,702

 
8,542

 
35,162

 
21,170

Net income allocated to preferred shares
(3,358
)
 
(1,800
)
 
(5,758
)
 
(3,111
)
Net income allocated to noncontrolling interests
333

 
(209
)
 
389

 

NET INCOME ALLOCABLE TO RSO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
$
14,677

 
$
6,533

 
$
29,793

 
$
18,059

RSO Cash Flow Detail (in thousands)
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,162

 
$
21,170

Items included in "Change in cash attributable to consolidated VIE - RSO":
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
(3,178
)
 
(200
)
Depreciation of investments in real estate and other
1,635

 
1,202

Amortization of intangible assets
1,024

 
996

Amortization of term facilities

 
495

Accretion of net discounts on loans held for investment
(1,310
)
 
(6,930
)
Accretion of net discounts on securities available-for-sale
(1,637
)
 
(1,430
)
Amortization of discounts on convertible notes
659

 

Amortization of discount on notes securitization
41

 
1,772

Amortization of debt issuance costs on notes securitization
1,510

 
1,965

Amortization of stock-based compensation
3,698

 
5,746

Amortization of terminated derivative instruments
142

 
193

Accretion of interest-only available-for-sales securities
(339
)
 
(485
)
Deferred income tax benefits
(689
)
 
(115
)
Change in mortgage loans held for sale, net
(12,162
)
 

Purchase of securities, trading

 
(10,044
)
Principal payments on securities, trading
50

 
3,272

Proceeds from sales of securities, trading
379

 
18,713

Net realized and unrealized loss on investment securities, trading
2,210

 
635

Net realized gains on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans
(2,148
)
 
(2,785
)
Loss on reissuance of debt
602

 

Gain on sale of real estate
(3,042
)
 

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings

 
548

      Linked transactions fair value adjustments
(5,923
)
 
6,385

      Equity in net (earnings) losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries
(3,776
)
 
353

Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions
980

 
5,283

Subtotal - consolidated VIE - RSO operating activity
(21,274
)
 
25,569

Change in consolidated VIE - RSO cash for the period
39,957

 
(83,124
)
Subtotal - Change in cash attributable to consolidated VIE - RSO before eliminations
18,683

 
(57,555
)
Elimination of intercompany activity
(54
)
 
(654
)
Subtotal - Adjustments to reconcile net income and operating cash flows to net income of consolidated VIE - RSO
18,629

 
(58,209
)
Net cash provided by operating activities (excluding eliminations)
13,888

 
46,739

 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 

 
 

Purchase of loans
(489,800
)
 
(377,679
)
Purchase of securities available-for-sale
(107,339
)
 
(96,031
)
Subtotal - Purchase of loans and securities by consolidated VIE - RSO, before eliminations
(597,139
)
 
(473,710
)
Principal payments received on loans
196,973

 
386,686

Proceeds from sale of loans
44,024

 
170,450

Principal payments on securities available-for-sale
25,774

 
20,040

Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale
99,151

 
7,025

Subtotal - principal payments and proceeds from sales received by consolidated VIE - RSO, before eliminations
365,922

 
584,201

Decrease (increase) in restricted cash
10,543

 
(5,926
)
Items included in "Other -VIE, investing activity":
 
 
 
Proceeds from (investment in) unconsolidated entity
8,911

 
(15,534
)
Acquisition of Moselle CLO S.A.
(30,433
)
 

Proceeds from sale of real estate held-for-sale
31,202

 

Improvement of real estate held-for-sale

 
(404
)
Distributions from investments in real estate

 
522

Improvements in investments in real estate
252

 
(365
)
Investment in loans - related parties
(244
)
 

Principal payments received on loans – related parties
1,759

 
362

Purchase of furniture and fixtures
(69
)
 

Acquisition of property and equipment
(332
)
 

Subtotal - Other consolidated VIE - investing activity, before eliminations
11,046

 
(15,419
)
Eliminations
(391
)
 

Subtotal - Other consolidated VIE - investing activity
10,655

 
(15,419
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (excluding eliminations)
(209,628
)
 
89,146

 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Items included in "Net borrowings (repayments) of debt by consolidated VIE - RSO"
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings:
 
 
 

Repurchase agreements
175,738

 
104,325

Warehouse agreement
43,000

 

   Reissuance of debt
16,502

 

Payments on borrowings:
 
 
 
Collateralized debt obligations
(152,556
)
 
(286,962
)
Warehouse agreement
(33,719
)
 

Subtotal - net (repayments) borrowings of debt by consolidated VIE - RSO
48,965

 
(182,637
)
Distributions paid on common stock
(51,457
)
 
(43,665
)
Elimination of dividends paid to RAI
1,144

 
1,123

Distribution paid on common stock, after elimination
(50,313
)
 
(42,542
)
Net proceeds from issuances of common stock (net of offering costs of $0 and $4,265)

 
114,018

Net proceeds from dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan (net of offering costs of $0 and $19)
14,554

 
18,164

Proceeds from issuance of 8.5% Series A redeemable
preferred shares (net of offering costs of $167 and $0)
7,697

 

Proceeds from issuance of 8.25% Series B redeemable
preferred shares (net of offering costs of $525 and $707)
25,253

 
47,644

Proceeds from issuance of 8.625% Series C redeemable
preferred shares (net of offering costs of $4,186 and $0)
115,815

 

Subtotal - net proceeds from issuance of stock by consolidated VIE
163,319

 
179,826

Payment of debt issuance costs
(8
)
 
(1,178
)
Settlement of derivative instruments
442

 

Payment of equity to third party sub-note holders
(799
)
 
(2,661
)
Distributions paid on preferred stock
(4,679
)
 
(2,446
)
Subtotal - Other consolidated VIE - RSO financing activity, before elimination
(5,044
)
 
(6,285
)
Eliminations

 

Subtotal - Other consolidated VIE - RSO financing activity after elimination
(5,044
)
 
$
(6,285
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (excluding eliminations)
$
155,783

 
$
(52,761
)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(39,957
)
 
83,124

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
262,270

 
85,278

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
222,313

 
$
168,402

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure:
 

 
 

  Interest expense paid in cash
$
17,438

 
$
20,214

  Income taxes paid in cash
$
3,249

 
$
9,113

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - RSO
Investment Securities
RSO classifies its investment portfolio as trading or available-for-sale.  RSO, from time to time, may sell any of its investments due to changes in market conditions or in accordance with its investment strategy.
RSO’s investment securities, trading and investment securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value. To determine fair value, RSO uses an independent third-party valuation firm utilizing data available in the market as well as market participating assumptions with regard to other data such as prepayment, default, and recovery rates. These valuations are validated utilizing dealer quotes or bids. If the difference between the value indicated by the third-party valuation firm and the dealer quote or bid is over a pre-determined threshold, RSO will evaluate the difference which could result in an updated valuation from the third-party or a revised dealer quote. Based on a prioritization of inputs used in valuation of each position, RSO categorizes these investments as either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Any changes in fair value to RSO's investment securities, trading are recorded in RSO's consolidated statements of income as net realized and unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities, trading. Any changes in fair value to RSO's investment securities available-for-sale are recorded in RSO's consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.
On a quarterly basis, RSO evaluates its available-for-sale investments for other-than-temporary impairment.  An available-for-sale investment is impaired when its fair value has declined below its amortized cost basis.  An impairment is considered other-than-temporary when the amortized cost basis of the investment or some portion thereof will not be recovered.  In addition, RSO’s intent to sell as well as the likelihood that RSO will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the amortized cost basis is considered.  Where credit quality is believed to be the cause of the other-than-temporary impairment, that component of the impairment is recognized as an impairment loss in RSO's consolidated statements of income.  Where other market components are believed to be the cause of the impairment, that component of the impairment is recognized as other comprehensive loss.
RSO performs an on-going review of third-party reports and updated financial data on the underlying properties in order to analyze current and projected security performance. Rating agency downgrades are considered with respect to RSO's income approach when determining other-than-temporary impairment and, when inputs are subjected to testing for economic changes within possible ranges, the resulting projected cash flows reflect a full recovery of principal and interest indicating no impairment.
The determination of other than temporary impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions could affect the timing of loss realization. The company reviews its portfolios and makes other-than temporary impairment determinations at least quarterly. The Company considers the following factors when determining if there is an other-than temporary impairment on a security:
the length of time the market value has been less than amortized cost;
the severity of the impairment;
the expected loss of the security as generated by a third-party valuation model;
original and current credit ratings from the rating agencies;
underlying credit fundamentals of the collateral backing the securities;
whether, based upon RSO's intent, it is more likely than not that RSO will sell the security before the recovery of the amortized cost basis; and
third-party support for default, for recovery, prepayment speed and reinvestment price assumptions.
Investment security transactions are recorded on the trade date. Realized gains and losses on investment securities are determined on the specific identification method.
Investment Interest Income Recognition
Interest income on RSO’s mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities is accrued using the effective yield method based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages or other assets.  Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the lives of the securities also using the effective yield method, adjusted for the effects of estimated prepayments.  For an investment purchased at par, the effective yield is the contractual interest rate on the investment.  If the investment is purchased at a discount or at a premium, the effective yield is computed based on the contractual interest rate increased for the accretion of a purchase discount or decreased for the amortization of a purchase premium.  The effective yield method requires RSO to make estimates of future prepayment rates for its investments that can be contractually prepaid before their contractual maturity date so that the purchase discount can be accreted, or the purchase premium can be amortized, over the estimated remaining life of the investment.  The prepayment estimates that RSO uses directly impact the estimated remaining lives of its investments.  Actual prepayment estimates are reviewed as of each quarter end or more frequently if RSO becomes aware of any material information that would lead it to believe that an adjustment is necessary.  If prepayment estimates are incorrect, the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts may have to be adjusted, which would have an impact on future income.
Allowance for Loan Loss
RSO maintains an allowance for loan loss. For RSO's bank and CRE loan portfolios, loans held for investment are first individually evaluated for impairment to determine whether a specific reserve is required. Loans that are not determined to be impaired individually are then evaluated for impairment as a homogeneous pool of loans with substantially similar characteristics so that a general reserve can be established, if needed.  The reviews are performed at least quarterly.
RSO considers a loan to be impaired if one of two conditions exists.  The first condition is if, based on current information and events, management believes it is probable that RSO will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  The second condition is if the loan is deemed to be a troubled-debt restructuring (“TDR”) where a concession has been given to a borrower in financial difficulty.  These TDRs may not have an associated specific loan loss allowance if the principal and interest amount is considered recoverable based on current market conditions, expected collateral performance and/or guarantees made by the borrowers.
When a loan is impaired under either of these two conditions, the allowance for loan losses is increased by the amount of the excess of the amortized cost basis of the loan over its fair value.  Fair value may be determined based on the present value of estimated cash flows; on market price, if available; or on the fair value of the collateral less estimated disposition costs.  When a loan, or a portion thereof, is considered uncollectible and pursuit of collection is not warranted, RSO will record a charge-off or write-down of the loan against the allowance for loan losses.
An impaired loan may remain on accrual status during the period in which RSO is pursuing repayment of the loan; however, the loan would be placed on non-accrual status at such time as (i) RSO's management believes that scheduled debt service payments will not be met within the coming 12 months; (ii) the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; (iii) RSO's management determines the borrower is incapable of, or has ceased efforts toward, curing the cause of the impairment; or (iv) the net realizable value of the loan’s underlying collateral approximates RSO’s carrying value for such loan.  While on non-accrual status, RSO recognizes interest income only when an actual payment is received. When a loan is placed on non-accrual, previously accrued interest is reversed from interest income.
Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. RSO's management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impaired loans are initially written down to fair value. They are re-measured on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value is determined using unobservable inputs including estimates of selling costs (Level 3).
For RSO's residential mortgage loans, the allowance is based upon management's review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and amount of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance consists of general components. For loans that are identified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan are lower than the carrying value of that loan. A general component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect RSO management's estimate of probable losses. The general component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.
Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are carried net of accumulated depreciation.  Costs directly related to the acquisition are expensed as incurred.  Ordinary repairs and maintenance which are not reimbursed by the tenants are expensed as incurred.  Costs related to the improvement of the real property are capitalized and depreciated over their useful lives.

Acquisitions of real estate assets and any related intangible assets are recorded initially at fair value under ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations.”  RSO allocates the purchase price of its investments in real estate to land, building, site improvements, the value of in-place leases and the value of above or below market leases. The value allocated to above or below market leases is amortized over the remaining lease term as an adjustment to rental income. RSO amortizes the value allocated to in-place leases over the weighted average remaining lease term to depreciation and amortization expense.  RSO depreciates real property using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Category
Term
Building
25 - 40 years
Site improvements
Lesser of the remaining life of building or useful lives

Long-Lived and Intangible Assets
Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable.  The review of recoverability is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest charges) expected to result from the long-lived asset’s use and eventual disposition.  If impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over the fair value of the asset.
There were no impairment charges recorded with respect to RSO's investments in real estate or intangible assets during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.
Linked Transactions
If RSO finances the purchase of securities with repurchase agreements with the same counterparty from whom the securities are purchased and both transactions are entered into contemporaneously or in contemplation of each other, the transactions are presumed not to meet sale accounting criteria and RSO will account for the purchase of such securities and the repurchase agreement on a net basis and record a forward purchase commitment to purchase securities (each, a “Linked Transaction”) at fair value on RSO's consolidated balance sheets in the line item Linked Transactions, at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities underlying the Linked Transactions and associated interest income and expense are reported as unrealized (loss) gain and net interest income on linked transactions, net on RSO's consolidated statements of income.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to RSO's 2013 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2014 presentation.
Variable Interest Entities - RSO
RSO has evaluated its securities, loans, investments in unconsolidated entities, liabilities to subsidiary trusts issuing preferred securities (consisting of unsecured junior subordinated notes) and its CDOs in order to determine if they qualify as VIEs. RSO monitors these investments and, to the extent it has determined that it owns a material investment in the current controlling class of securities of a particular entity, analyzes the entity for potential consolidation. RSO will continually analyze investments and liabilities, including when there is a reconsideration event, to determine whether such investments or liabilities are VIEs and whether such VIE should be consolidated.
Consolidated VIEs (RSO is the primary beneficiary)
Based on RSO management’s analysis, RSO is the primary beneficiary of nine VIEs at June 30, 2014: Apidos CDO I, Apidos CDO III, Apidos Cinco CDO, Apidos CLO VIII, RREF CDO 2006-1, RREF CDO 2007-1, Whitney CLO I, RCC CRE Notes 2013 and Moselle CLO. In performing the primary beneficiary analysis for seven of these VIEs (other than Whitney CLO I and Moselle CLO, which are discussed below), it was determined that the parties that have the power to direct the activities that are most significant to each of these VIEs and have the right to receive benefits and the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to these VIEs, are a related party group. It was then determined that RSO was the party within that group that is more closely associated to each such VIE considering the design of the VIE, the principal-agency relationship between RSO and other members of the related-party group, and the relationship and significance of the activities of the VIE to RSO compared to the other members of the related-party group.
Except for Whitney CLO I and Moselle CLO, these securitizations were formed on behalf of RSO to invest in real estate-related securities, Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities ("CMBS"), property available-for-sale, bank loans, corporate bonds and asset-backed securities, and were financed by the issuance of debt securities. The Manager manages these entities on behalf of RSO. By financing these assets with long-term borrowings through the issuance of bonds, RSO seeks to generate attractive risk-adjusted equity returns and to match the term of its assets and liabilities. The primary beneficiary determination for each of these VIEs was made at each VIE’s inception and is continually assessed.
Moselle CLO is a European securitization in which RSO purchased a $40.0 million interest in the form of subordinate notes representing 100% of the Class 1 Subordinated Notes and 67.9% of the Class 2 Subordinated Notes in February 2014. The CLO is managed by an independent third-party and such collateral management activities were determined to be the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CLO. Though neither RSO nor one of its related parties manage the CLO, due to certain unilateral kick-out rights within the collateral management agreement, it was determined that RSO had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Moselle CLO. Having both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Moselle CLO and a financial interest that is expected to absorb both positive and negative variability in the CLO that could potentially be significant, RSO was determined to be the primary beneficiary of Moselle CLO and, therefore, consolidated the CLO.
Whitney CLO I is a securitization in which RSO acquired rights to manage the collateral assets held by the entity in February 2011. For a discussion on the primary beneficiary analysis for Whitney, see “- Unconsolidated VIEs - Resource Capital Asset Management,” below. For a discussion of RSO’s securitizations, see “Borrowings” below.
For CLOs in which RSO does not own 100% of the subordinated notes, RSO imputes an interest rate using expected cash flows over the life of the CLO and records the third party's share of the cash flows as interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
RSO has exposure to losses on its securitizations to the extent of its subordinated debt and preferred equity interests in them. RSO is entitled to receive payments of principal and interest on the debt securities it holds and, to the extent revenues exceed debt service requirements and other expenses of the securitizations, distributions with respect to its preferred equity interests. As a result of consolidation, debt and equity interests RSO holds in these securitizations have been eliminated, and RSO’s consolidated balance sheets reflects both the assets held and debt issued by the securitizations to third parties and any accrued expense to third parties. RSO's operating results and cash flows include the gross amounts related to the securitizations' assets and liabilities as opposed to RSO's net economic interests in the securitizations. Assets and liabilities related to the securitizations are disclosed, in the aggregate, on RSO's consolidated balance sheets.
The creditors of RSO’s nine consolidated VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of RSO. However, in its capacity as manager, RSO has voluntarily supported two credits in one of its commercial real estate CDOs as the credits went through a restructuring in order to maximize their future cash flows. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 RSO has provided financial support of $10,000 and $549,000, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, RSO has provided financial support of $688,000 and $1.9 million, respectively. RSO has provided no other financial support to any other of its VIEs nor does it have any requirement to do so, although it may choose to do so in the future to maximize future cash flows on such investments by RSO. There are no explicit arrangements that obligate RSO to provide financial support to any of its consolidated VIEs, although RSO may choose to do so in the future.
The following table shows the classification and carrying value of assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2014 (in thousands):
 
Apidos I
 
Apidos
III
 
Apidos
Cinco
 
Apidos
VIII
 
Whitney
CLO I
 
RREF
2006
 
RREF
2007
 
RCC CRE Notes 2013
 
Moselle
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash (1)
$
7,323

 
$
2,374

 
$
30,731

 
$
7

 
$
80

 
$
20

 
$
250

 
$
4,097

 
$
43,880

 
$
88,762

Investment securities
available-for-sale, pledged
   as collateral, at fair value
7,227

 
3,933

 
13,045

 

 

 
10,112

 
67,702

 

 
12,622

 
114,641

Loans, pledged as collateral
59,177

 
102,046

 
302,247

 

 

 
154,012

 
218,384

 
277,750

 
120,766

 
1,234,382

Loans held for sale

 
932

 
876

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,808

Interest receivable
(235
)
 
495

 
932

 

 

 
1,995

 
2,322

 
1,446

 

 
6,955

Prepaid assets
8

 
10

 
23

 

 

 
18

 
95

 

 

 
154

Principal paydown receivable

 

 

 

 

 

 
9,300

 
22,650

 

 
31,950

Total assets (2)
$
73,500

 
$
109,790

 
$
347,854

 
$
7

 
$
80

 
$
166,157

 
$
298,053

 
$
305,943

 
$
177,268

 
$
1,478,652

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings
$
56,922

 
$
97,458

 
$
319,639

 
$

 
$

 
$
106,029

 
$
126,004

 
$
256,807

 
$
148,455

 
$
1,111,314

Accrued interest expense
234

 
49

 
307

 

 

 
44

 
94

 
190

 
377

 
1,295

Derivatives, at fair value

 

 

 

 

 
1,290

 
7,781

 

 

 
9,071

Accounts payable and
   other liabilities
12

 
19

 
29

 
198

 

 
9

 
1

 

 
1,690

 
1,958

Total liabilities
$
57,168

 
$
97,526

 
$
319,975

 
$
198

 
$

 
$
107,372

 
$
133,880

 
$
256,997

 
$
150,522

 
$
1,123,638

 
(1)
Includes $4.3 million available for reinvestment in certain of the securitizations.
(2)
Assets of each of the consolidated VIEs may only be used to settle the obligations of each respective VIE.
Unconsolidated VIEs (RSO is not the primary beneficiary, but has a variable interest)
Based on RSO management’s analysis, RSO is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs discussed below since it does not have both (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE or the right to receive the benefits from the VIE, which could be significant to the VIE. Accordingly, the following VIEs are not consolidated in RSO’s financial statements as of June 30, 2014. RSO’s maximum exposure to risk for each of these unconsolidated VIEs is set forth in the “Maximum Risk Exposure,” column in the table below.
LEAF Commercial Capital, Inc. ("LEAF")
In the November 16, 2011 formation of LEAF, in exchange for its prior interests in its lease-related investments, RSO received 31,341 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 4,872 shares of newly issued 8% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock and 2,364 shares of newly issued Series D Redeemable Preferred Stock, collectively representing, on a fully-diluted basis assuming conversion, a 26.7% interest in LEAF. RSO’s investment in LEAF was valued at $36.3 million based on a third-party valuation. RSO's investment in LEAF was recorded at $40.1 million and $41.0 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
RSO determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of LEAF because it does not participate in any management or portfolio decisions, holds only two of six board positions, and only controls 28.3% of the voting rights in the entity. Furthermore, a third-party investor holds consent rights with respect to significant LEAF actions, including incurrence of indebtedness, consummation of a sale of the entity, liquidation or initiating a public offering.

Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures
RSO has a 100% interest in the common shares of Resource Capital Trust I (“RCT I”) and RCC Trust II (“RCT II”), valued at $1.5 million in the aggregate (or 3% of each trust). RCT I and RCT II were formed for the purposes of providing debt financing to RSO, as described below. RSO completed a qualitative analysis to determine whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of each of the trusts and determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of either trust because it does not have the power to direct the activities most significant to the trusts, which include the collection of principal and interest and protection of collateral through servicing rights. Accordingly, neither trust is consolidated into RSO’s consolidated financial statements.
RSO records its investments in RCT I and RCT II’s common shares as investments in unconsolidated trusts using the cost method and records dividend income when declared by RCT I and RCT II. The trusts each hold subordinated debentures for which RSO is the obligor in the amount of $25.8 million for RCT I and $25.8 million for RCT II. The debentures were funded by the issuance of trust preferred securities of RCT I and RCT II. RSO will continuously reassess whether it should be deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the trusts.
Resource Capital Asset Management CLOs
In February 2011, RSO purchased a company that managed bank loan assets through five CLOs. As a result, RSO became entitled to collect senior, subordinated and incentive management fees from these CLOs. The purchase price of $22.5 million resulted in an intangible asset that was allocated to each of the five CLOs and is amortized over the expected life of each CLO. The unamortized balance of the intangible asset was $10.3 million and $11.2 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. RSO recognized fee income of $1.1 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. With respect to four of these CLOs, RSO determined that it does not hold a controlling financial interest and, therefore, is not the primary beneficiary. One of the CLOs was substantially liquidated in February 2013. With respect to the fifth CLO, Whitney CLO I, in October 2012, RSO purchased 66.6% of its preferred equity. Based upon that purchase, RSO determined that it did have an obligation to absorb losses and/or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to Whitney CLO I and that a related party had the power to direct the activities that are most significant to the VIE. As a result, together with the related party, RSO had both the power to direct and the right to receive benefits and the obligation to absorb losses. It was then determined that, between RSO and the related party, RSO was the party within that group that was more closely associated with Whitney CLO I because of its preferred equity interest in Whitney CLO I. RSO, therefore, consolidated Whitney CLO I. In May 2013, RSO purchased additional equity in this CLO which increased its equity ownership to 68.3% of the outstanding preferred equity of the CLO. In September 2013, RSO substantially liquidated Whitney CLO I, and, as a result, substantially all of the assets were sold.
The following table shows the classification, carrying value and maximum exposure to loss with respect to RSO’s unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2014 (in thousands):
 
Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
 
 
 
LEAF
 
Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
Resource Capital Asset Management CDOs
 
Total
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Investment in unconsolidated entities
$
40,144

 
$
1,548

 
$

 
$
41,692

 
41,692

Intangible assets

 

 
10,341

 
10,341

 
10,341

Total assets
40,144

 
1,548

 
10,341

 
52,033

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings

 
51,104

 

 
51,104

 
N/A

Total liabilities

 
51,104

 

 
51,104

 
N/A

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net asset (liability)
$
40,144

 
$
(49,556
)
 
10,341

 
$
929

 
N/A

Other than RSO's commitments to fund its real estate joint ventures, there were no explicit arrangements or implicit variable interests that could require RSO to provide financial support to any of its unconsolidated VIEs.
Supplemental cash flow information - RSO
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information (in thousands):
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
Non-cash financing activities include the following:
 
 
 

Distributions on common stock declared but not paid
$
26,179

 
$
25,399

Distribution on preferred stock declared but not paid
$
4,353

 
$
1,944

Issuance of restricted stock
$
646

 
$
151

Investment securities, trading - RSO
Structured notes are CLO debt securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans. The following table summarizes RSO's structured notes and residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) which are classified as investment securities, trading and carried at fair value (in thousands):
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Gains
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Structured notes, trading
$
8,056

 
$
2,130

 
$
(1,567
)
 
$
8,619

RMBS, trading
1,901

 

 
(1,569
)
 
332

Total
$
9,957

 
$
2,130

 
$
(3,136
)
 
$
8,951

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Structured notes, trading
$
8,057

 
$
4,050

 
$
(1,000
)
 
$
11,107

RMBS, trading
1,919

 

 
(1,468
)
 
451

Total
$
9,976

 
$
4,050

 
$
(2,468
)
 
$
11,558


RSO sold one security during the six months ended June 30, 2014, for a realized gain of $379,000. RSO held seven and eight investment securities, trading as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
Investment securities available-for-sale - RSO
RSO pledges a portion of its CMBS as collateral against its borrowings under repurchase agreements and derivatives. CMBS that are accounted for as components of linked transactions are not reflected in the tables set forth in this note, as they are accounted for as derivatives.
ABS and structured notes are CLO debt securities collateralized by syndicated bank loans. The structured notes are foreign currency denominated ABS. The following table summarizes RSO's investment securities, including those pledged as collateral and classified as available-for-sale, which are carried at fair value (in thousands):
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized Gains
 
Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS
$
175,983

 
$
7,074

 
$
(10,683
)
 
172,374

RMBS
30,647

 

 

 
30,647

Asset-backed securities ("ABS")
32,145

 
1,429

 
(214
)
 
33,360

Structured notes
23,203

 
1,452

 

 
24,655

Corporate bonds
3,360

 
107

 

 
3,467

Total
$
265,338

 
$
10,062

 
$
(10,897
)
 
$
264,503

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS
$
185,178

 
$
7,570

 
$
(12,030
)
 
$
180,718

ABS
25,406

 
1,644

 
(394
)
 
26,656

Structured notes
5,369

 

 

 
5,369

Corporate bonds
2,517

 
16

 
(70
)
 
2,463

Total
$
218,470

 
$
9,230

 
$
(12,494
)
 
$
215,206

 

The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of RSO’s investment securities according to their estimated weighted average life classifications (in thousands, except percentages):
Weighted Average Life
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted Average Coupon
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Less than one year
$
41,371

(1) 
$
50,628

 
3.79
%
Greater than one year and less than five years
139,526

 
133,098

 
5.01
%
Greater than five years and less than ten years
28,304

 
27,762

 
1.73
%
Greater than ten years
55,302

 
53,850

 
6.49
%
Total
$
264,503

 
$
265,338

 
4.78
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013:
 

 
 

 
 

Less than one year
$
39,256

(1) 
$
40,931

 
5.25
%
Greater than one year and less than five years
139,700

 
141,760

 
4.69
%
Greater than five years and less than ten years
26,526

 
25,707

 
1.10
%
Greater than ten years
9,724

 
10,072

 
7.90
%
Total
$
215,206

 
$
218,470

 
4.49
%
 
(1)
RSO expects that the maturity date of these CMBS will either be extended or the CMBS will be paid in full.
The contractual maturities of the CMBS investment securities available-for-sale range from July 2014 to December 2022.  The contractual maturities of the ABS investment securities available-for-sale range from November 2015 to August 2022. The contractual maturities of the corporate bond investment securities available-for-sale range from December 2015 to December 2019.
The following table shows the fair value, gross unrealized losses and number of securities aggregated by investment category and length of time, of those individual investment securities available-for-sale that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position during the periods specified (in thousands, except number of securities):
 
Less than 12 Months
 
More than 12 Months
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Number of Securities
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS
$
40,021

 
$
(649
)
 
28

 
$
22,249

 
$
(10,034
)
 
12

 
$
62,270

 
$
(10,683
)
 
40

ABS
827

 
(10
)
 
1

 
4,412

 
(204
)
 
8

 
5,239

 
(214
)
 
9

Corporate Bonds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total
temporarily
impaired
securities
$
40,848

 
$
(659
)
 
29

 
$
26,661

 
$
(10,238
)
 
20

 
$
67,509

 
$
(10,897
)
 
49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
CMBS
$
52,012

 
$
(7,496
)
 
34

 
$
14,159

 
$
(4,534
)
 
10

 
$
66,171

 
$
(12,030
)
 
44

ABS
143

 
(1
)
 
1

 
6,692

 
(393
)
 
9

 
6,835

 
(394
)
 
10

Corporate Bonds
865

 
(70
)
 
1

 

 

 

 
865

 
(70
)
 
1

Total
temporarily
impaired
securities
$
53,020

 
$
(7,567
)
 
36

 
$
20,851

 
$
(4,927
)
 
19

 
$
73,871

 
$
(12,494
)
 
55


The unrealized losses in the above table are considered to be temporary impairments due to market factors and are not reflective of credit deterioration.
RSO performs an on-going review of third-party reports and updated financial data on the properties underlying these securities in order to analyze current and projected security performance.  Rating agency downgrades are considered with respect to RSO’s income approach when determining other-than-than temporary impairment and, when inputs are subjected to testing for economic changes within possible ranges, the resulting projected cash flows reflect a full recovery of principal and interest indicating no impairment. During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, RSO recognized other-than-temporary impairment losses of zero and $21,000, respectively, on positions that supported RSO's CMBS investments.
The following table summarizes RSO's sales of investment securities available-for-sale, (in thousands, except number of securities):
 
Positions
Sold
 
Par Amount Sold
 
Realized Gain (Loss)
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS position
3
 
$
15,970

 
$
480

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS position
4
 
$
14,500

 
$
466

Corporate bond position
35
 
$
34,253

 
$
(474
)


The amounts above do not include redemptions. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO redeemed zero and one corporate bond position redeemed with a total par value of $0 and $630,000, and recognized a loss of zero and $1,000, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 the Company had two corporate bond positions redeemed with a total par value of $3.5 million, and a recognized loss of $11,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO had one ABS position redeemed with a total par of $2.5 million, and recognized a gain of $25,500. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 RSO had no ABS positions redeemed.
Changes in interest rates may also have an effect on the rate of principal prepayments and, as a result, prepayments on RSO’s investment portfolio. The aggregate discount (premium) recognized as of the periods indicated (in thousands) are:
 
June 30,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
CMBS
$
4,049

 
$
6,583

ABS
$
1,988

 
$
2,394

Corporate bond
$
96

 
$
(68
)
Investments real estate - RSO
The table below summarizes RSO's investments in real estate (in thousands, except number of properties):
 
 
As of December 31, 2013
 
 
Book Value
 
Number of Properties
Multi-family property
 
$
22,107

 
1
Office property
 
10,273

 
1
Subtotal
 
32,380

 
 
Less:  Accumulated depreciation
 
(2,602
)
 
 
Investments in real estate
 
$
29,778

 
 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO made no acquisitions. RSO has two assets classified as property available-for-sale at June 30, 2014. RSO confirmed the intent and ability to sell its office property and multi-family property in their present condition during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. These properties qualified for held for sale accounting treatment upon meeting all applicable criteria on or prior to June 30, 2014, at which time depreciation and amortization were ceased. As such, the assets associated with the office property and multi-family property, with a carrying value of $9.6 million and $19.8 million, are separately classified and included in property available-for sale on RSO's consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2014. However, the anticipated sale of these properties did not qualify for discontinued operations and therefore, the operations for all periods presented continue to be classified within continuing operations on RSO's consolidated statements of income. RSO expects the sale both of these properties to close within the next six months. Pre-tax earnings recorded on the office property for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 were losses of $9,000 and $25,000, respectively, and losses of $77,000 and $154,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. Pre-tax earnings recorded on the multifamily property for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 were losses of $5,000 and $123,000, respectively, and earnings of $88,000 and $106,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. RSO's hotel property, which was classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, was sold during the three months ended June 30, 2014 for a gain of $3.0 million and is recorded in gain on sale of real estate on RSO's consolidated statements of income.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, RSO made no acquisitions and sold one of its multi-family properties for a gain of $16.6 million, which was recorded in gain on sale of real estate on RSO's consolidated statements of income.
Loans held for investments - RSO
The following is a summary of RSO’s loans held for investment (in thousands):
Loan Description
 
Principal
 
Unamortized (Discount) Premium (1)
 
Carrying
Value (2)
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
 
$
959,569

 
$
(4,823
)
 
$
954,746

B notes
 
16,204

 
(66
)
 
16,138

Mezzanine loans
 
67,370

 
(110
)
 
67,260

Total commercial real estate loans
 
1,043,143

 
(4,999
)
 
1,038,144

Bank loans
 
709,102

 
(2,521
)
 
706,581

Residential mortgage loans, held for investment
 
2,470

 

 
2,470

Subtotal loans before allowances
 
1,754,715

 
(7,520
)
 
1,747,195

Allowance for loan loss
 
(6,539
)
 

 
(6,539
)
Total loans held for investment
 
1,748,176

 
(7,520
)
 
1,740,656

Bank loans held for sale
 
15,427

 
 
 
15,427

Residential mortgage loans held for sale
 
24,859

 
 
 
24,859

Total loans held for sale
 
40,286

 

 
40,286

Total loans
 
$
1,788,462

 
$
(7,520
)
 
$
1,780,942

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial real estate loans:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
 
$
749,083

 
$
(3,294
)
 
$
745,789

B notes
 
16,288

 
(83
)
 
16,205

Mezzanine loans
 
64,417

 
(100
)
 
64,317

Total commercial real estate loans
 
829,788

 
(3,477
)
 
826,311

Bank loans
 
559,206

 
(4,033
)
 
555,173

Residential mortgage loans, held for investment
 
1,849

 

 
1,849

Subtotal loans before allowances
 
1,390,843

 
(7,510
)
 
1,383,333

Allowance for loan loss
 
(13,807
)
 

 
(13,807
)
Total loans held for investment
 
1,377,036

 
(7,510
)
 
1,369,526

Bank loans held for sale
 
6,850

 
 
 
6,850

Residential mortgage loans held for sale
 
15,066

 
 
 
15,066

Total loans held for sale
 
21,916

 
$

 
21,916

Total loans
 
$
1,398,952

 
$
(7,510
)
 
$
1,391,442

 
(1)
Amounts include deferred amendment fees of $169,000 and $216,000 and deferred upfront fees of $112,000 and $141,000 being amortized over the life of the bank loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  Amounts include loan origination fees of $4.9 million and $3.3 million and loan extension fees of $177,000 and $73,000 being amortized over the life of the commercial real estate loans as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(2)
Substantially all loans are pledged as collateral under various borrowings at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately 32.6% and 39%, respectively, of RSO’s commercial real estate loan portfolio was concentrated in California; approximately 9.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in Arizona; approximately 21% and 14.6%, respectively, in Texas. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, approximately 15.3% and 15.8%, respectively, of RSO’s bank loan portfolio was concentrated in the collective industry grouping of healthcare, education and childcare. At June 30, 2014, approximately 70.2% of RSO's residential mortgage loans were originated in Georgia, 9.4% in Virginia, 7.2% in North Carolina, 4.6% in Alabama and 5.4% in Tennessee. At December 31, 2013 approximately 66.0% of the Company's residential mortgage loans were originated in Georgia, 9.0% in North Carolina, 7.0% each in Tennessee and Virginia and 6.0% in Alabama.
At June 30, 2014, RSO’s bank loan portfolio including loans held for sale consisted of $721.3 million (net of allowance of $669,000) of floating rate loans, which bear interest ranging between the three month LIBOR plus 1.5%, and the three month LIBOR plus 13.0% with maturity dates ranging from June 2014 to February 2024.
At December 31, 2013, RSO’s bank loan portfolio including loans held for sale consisted of $558.6 million (net of allowance of $3.4 million) of floating rate loans, which bore interest ranging between the three month LIBOR plus 1.5%, and the three month LIBOR plus 10.5% with maturity dates ranging from January 2014 to December 2021.
The following is a summary of the weighted average remaining lives of RSO’s bank loans held for investment, at amortized cost (in thousands):
 
June 30,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
Less than one year
$
36,155

 
$
36,985

Greater than one year and less than five years
528,687

 
379,874

Five years or greater
157,166

 
145,164

 
$
722,008

 
$
562,023


The following is a summary of RSO’s commercial real estate loans held for investment (in thousands):
Description
 
Quantity
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Contracted
Interest Rates
 
Maturity
Dates (3)
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Whole loans, floating rate (1) (4) (5)
 
59
 
$
954,746

 
LIBOR plus 2.13% to
LIBOR plus 12.14%
 
October 2014 to
February 2019
B notes, fixed rate
 
1
 
16,138

 
8.68%
 
April 2016
Mezzanine loans, floating rate
 
1
 
15,452

 
LIBOR plus 15.32%
 
April 2016
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate (6)
 
3
 
51,808

 
0.50% to 18.71%
 
September 2014 to
September 2021
Total (2) 
 
64
 
$
1,038,144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Whole loans, floating rate (1) (4)
 
51
 
$
745,789

 
LIBOR plus 2.68% to
LIBOR plus 12.14%
 
March 2014 to
February 2019
B notes, fixed rate
 
1
 
16,205

 
8.68%
 
April 2016
Mezzanine loans, floating rate
 
1
 
12,455

 
LIBOR plus 15.32%
 
April 2016
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate (6)
 
3
 
51,862

 
0.50% to 18.72%
 
September 2014 to
September 2019
Total (2) 
 
56
 
$
826,311

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Whole loans had $52.5 million and $13.7 million in unfunded loan commitments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  These unfunded commitments are advanced as the borrowers formally request additional funding as permitted under the loan agreement and any necessary approvals have been obtained.
(2)
The total does not include an allowance for loan loss of $5.8 million and $10.4 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(3)
Maturity dates do not include possible extension options that may be available to the borrowers.
(4)
As of June 30, 2014, floating rate whole loans includes $3.1 million and $12.0 million mezzanine components of two whole loans, which have a fixed rate of 15.0% and 12.0%, respectively.
(5)
Floating rate whole loans include a $799,000 junior mezzanine tranche of a whole loan that has a fixed rate of 10.0% as of June 30, 2014.
(6)
Fixed rate mezzanine loans include a mezzanine loan that was modified into two tranches, which both currently pay interest at 0.50%. In addition, the subordinate tranche accrues interest at LIBOR plus 18.50% which is deferred until maturity.

    
The following is a summary of the weighted average maturity of RSO’s commercial real estate loans, at amortized cost (in thousands):
Description
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016 and Thereafter
 
Total
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B notes
 
$

 
$

 
$
16,138

 
$
16,138

Mezzanine loans
 
5,711

 

 
61,549

 
67,260

Whole loans
 

 

 
954,746

 
954,746

Total (1) 
 
$
5,711

 
$

 
$
1,032,433

 
$
1,038,144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B notes
 
$

 
$

 
$
16,205

 
$
16,205

Mezzanine loans
 
5,711

 

 
58,606

 
64,317

Whole loans
 

 
17,949

 
727,840

 
745,789

Total (1)
 
$
5,711

 
$
17,949

 
$
802,651

 
$
826,311

 
(1)
Weighted average life of commercial real estate loans assumes full exercise of extension options available to borrowers.
The following is a summary of the allocation of the allowance for loan loss with respect to RSO’s commercial real estate and bank loans (in thousands, except percentages) by asset class:
Description
 
Allowance for Loan Loss
 
Percentage of
Total Allowance
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
B notes
 
$
76

 
1.16%
Mezzanine loans
 
314

 
4.80%
Whole loans
 
5,454

 
83.41%
Bank loans
 
669

 
10.23%
Residential mortgage loans, held for investment
 
$
26

 
0.40%
Total
 
$
6,539

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 

 
 
B notes
 
$
174

 
1.26%
Mezzanine loans
 
559

 
4.05%
Whole loans
 
9,683

 
70.13%
Bank loans
 
3,391

 
24.56%
Total
 
$
13,807

 
 

As of June 30, 2014, RSO had recorded an allowance for loan losses on loans held for investment of $6.5 million consisting of a $669,000 allowance on RSO’s bank loan portfolio and a $5.8 million allowance on RSO’s commercial real estate portfolio and a $26,000 allowance on the Company's residential mortgage loans.

As of December 31, 2013, RSO had recorded an allowance for loan losses on loans held for investment of $13.8 million consisting of a $3.4 million allowance on RSO’s bank loan portfolio and a $10.4 million allowance on RSO’s commercial real estate portfolio.
Investments in unconsolidated entities - RSO
The following table shows RSO's investments in unconsolidated entities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 and equity in net earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
 
 
 
Balance as of
 
Balance as of
 
For the three months ended
 
For the six months ended
 
For the three months ended
 
For the six months ended
 
Ownership %
 
June 30, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
June 30, 2014
 
June 30, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2013
Värde Investment Partners, L.P.
7.5%
 
$
654

 
$
674

 
$
(19
)
 
$
(20
)
 
$
19

 
$
43

RRE VIP Borrower, LLC
3% to 5%
 

 

 
869

 
1,736

 
(101
)
 
(214
)
Investment in LEAF Preferred Stock
28.2%
 
40,144

 
41,016

 
(278
)
 
(872
)
 
304

 
(32
)
Investment in RCT I and II (1)
3%
 
1,548

 
1,548

 
(594
)
 
(1,184
)
 
(602
)
 
(1,195
)
Investment in Preferred Equity (2)
various
 

 
8,124

 
232

 
1,300

 
86

 
170

Investment in CVC Global Opps Fund
34.4%
 
18,134

 
16,177

 
1,124

 
1,958

 
93

 
93

Investment in Life Care Funding (3)
30%
 

 
1,530

 

 
(75
)
 
(242
)
 
(242
)
Total
 
 
$
60,480

 
$
69,069

 
$
1,334

 
$
2,843

 
$
(443
)
 
$
(1,377
)
(1)
For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, these amounts are recorded in interest expense on RSO's consolidated statements of income.
(2)
For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, these amounts are recorded in interest income on loans on RSO's consolidated statements of income.
(3)
RSO began consolidating this investment during the first quarter of 2014. Ownership % represents ownership after consolidation.
In May, June and July 2013, RSO invested $15.0 million into CVC Global Credit Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("the Partnership"), a Delaware limited partnership which generally invests in assets through a master-feeder fund structure ("the Master Fund"). The General Partner of the Partnership and the Master Fund is CVC Global Credit Opportunities Fund GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. The investment manager of the Partnership and the Master Fund is CVC Credit Partners, LLC ("CVC Credit Partners"). CVC Capital Partners SICAV-FIS, S.A. ("CVC"), together with its affiliates, and the Company, own a majority and a significant minority, respectively, of the investment manager. The fund pays the investment manager a quarterly management fee in advance calculated at the rate of 1.5% annually based on the balance of each limited partner's capital account. RSO's management fee was waived upon entering the agreement given that RSO is a related party of CVC Credit Partners.
In January 2013, LTCC invested $2.0 million into LCF for the purpose of originating and acquiring life settlement contracts. In February 2014, RSO invested an additional $1.4 million which resulted in the consolidation of LCF during the first quarter of 2014.
On June 19, 2012, RSO entered into a joint venture with Värde Investment Partners, LP acting as lender, to purchase two condominium developments.  RSO purchased a 7.5% equity interest in the venture. Resource Real Estate Management, LLC ("RREM") was appointed as the asset manager of the venture to perform lease review and approval, debt service collection, loan workout, foreclosure, disposition and permitting, as applicable.  RREM was also responsible for engaging third parties to perform day-to-day property management, property leasing, rent collection, maintenance, and capital improvements.  RREM received an annual asset management fee equal to 1% of outstanding contributions. No management fees were paid for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, RSO paid RREM management fees of $10,000 and $26,000. All of the condominiums were sold as of December 31, 2013.
RSO's resulting interest from the November 16, 2011 formation of LEAF is accounted for under the equity method.
On December 1, 2009, RSO purchased a membership interest in RRE VIP Borrower, LLC (an unconsolidated VIE that holds an interest in a real estate joint venture) from the Company at book value. RREM acts as asset manager of the venture and receives a monthly asset management fee equal to 1% of the combined investment calculated as of the last calendar day of the month. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO paid RREM management fees of $1,000 and $6,000, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, RSO paid RREM management fees of $8,000 and $16,000, respectively.
RSO has a 100% interest valued at $1.5 million in the common shares (3% of the total equity) in two trusts, RCT I and RCT II. RSO records its investments in RCT I and RCT II’s common shares of $774,000 each as investments in unconsolidated trusts using the cost method and records dividend income upon declaration by RCT I and RCT II.  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO recognized $594,000 and $1.2 million, respectively, of interest expense with respect to the subordinated debentures it issued to RCT I and RCT II which included $50,000 and $99,000 , respectively, of amortization of deferred debt issuance costs. For the three and six months ended and June 30, 2013, RSO recognized $602,000 and $1.2 million respectively, of interest expense with respect to the subordinated debentures it issued to RCT I and RCT II which included $48,000 and $95,000, respectively, of amortization of deferred debt issuance costs.
Financing receivables - RSO
The following tables show the allowance for loan losses and recorded investments in loans for the years indicated (in thousands):
 
Commercial Real Estate Loans
 
Bank Loans
 
Residential Mortgage Loans
 
Loans Receivable-Related Party
 
Total
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for losses at January 1, 2014
$
10,416

 
$
3,391

 
$

 
$

 
$
13,807

Provision for loan loss
(4,511
)
 
607

 
26

 
700

 
(3,178
)
Loans charged-off
(61
)
 
(3,329
)
 

 

 
(3,390
)
Allowance for losses at June 30, 2014
$
5,844

 
$
669

 
$
26

 
$
700

 
$
7,239

Ending balance:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
1,800

 
$
441

 
$

 
$
700

 
$
2,941

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
4,044

 
$
228

 
$
26

 
$

 
$
4,298

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Ending balance:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
172,583

 
$
1,566

 
$

 
$
5,451

 
$
179,600

Collectively evaluated for impairment (1)
$
865,561

 
$
704,806

 
$
2,470

 


 
$
1,572,837

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
$

 
$
119

 
$

 
$

 
$
119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for losses at January 1, 2013
$
7,986

 
$
9,705

 
$

 
$

 
$
17,691

Provision for loan loss
2,686

 
334

 

 

 
3,020

Loans charged-off
(256
)
 
(6,648
)
 

 

 
(6,904
)
Allowance for losses at December 31, 2013
$
10,416

 
$
3,391

 
$

 
$

 
$
13,807

Ending balance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
4,572

 
$
2,621

 
$

 
$

 
$
7,193

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
5,844

 
$
770

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,614

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Ending balance: (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
194,403

 
$
3,554

 
$

 
$
6,966

 
$
204,923

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
631,908

 
$
558,469

 
$
16,915

 
$

 
$
1,207,292

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$



(1) Loan ending balance contains $120.8 million of loan value for which the fair value option has been elected. As such, no allowance for loan losses has been recognized for these loans.
(2) Loan balances as of December 31, 2013 include loans held for sale.
Credit quality indicators
Bank Loans
RSO uses a risk grading matrix to assign grades to bank loans.  Loans are graded at inception and updates to assigned grades are made continually as new information is received.  Loans are graded on a scale of 1-5 with 1 representing RSO’s highest rating and 5 representing its lowest rating.  RSO also designates loans that are sold after the period end as held for sale at the lower of their fair market value or cost, net of any allowances and costs associated with the loan sales.  RSO considers metrics such as performance of the underlying company, liquidity, collectability of interest, enterprise valuation, default probability, ratings from rating agencies and industry dynamics in grading its bank loans.
Credit risk profiles of bank loans were as follows (in thousands):
 
Rating 1
 
Rating 2
 
Rating 3
 
Rating 4
 
Rating 5
 
Held for Sale
 
Total
As of June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank loans
$
666,578

 
$
33,999

 
$
3,551

 
$
768

 
$
1,685

 
$
15,427

 
$
722,008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Bank loans
$
488,004

 
$
42,476

 
$
18,806

 
$
2,333

 
$
3,554

 
$
6,850

 
$
562,023


All of RSO’s bank loans were performing with the exception of one loan with an amortized cost of $1.6 million as of June 30, 2014. Due to the consolidation of Moselle CLO in February 2014, RSO acquired six loans with deteriorated credit quality with an amortized cost of $119,000 as of June 30, 2014. As of December 31, 2013, all of RSO’s bank loans were performing with the exception of three loans with an amortized cost of $3.6 million, one of which defaulted in 2012, one of which defaulted as of March 31, 2013, and one of which defaulted as of June 30, 2013.
Commercial Real Estate Loans
RSO uses a risk grading matrix to assign grades to commercial real estate loans.  Loans are graded at inception and updates to assigned grades are made continually as new information is received.  Loans are graded on a scale of 1-4 with 1 representing RSO’s highest rating and 4 representing its lowest rating.  RSO designates loans that are sold after the period ends at the lower of their fair market value or cost, net of any allowances and costs associated with the loan sales.  In addition to the underlying performance of the loan collateral, RSO considers metrics such as the strength of underlying sponsorship, payment history, collectability of interest, structural credit enhancements, market trends and loan terms in grading its commercial real estate loans.
Credit risk profiles of commercial real estate loans were as follows (in thousands):
 
Rating 1
 
Rating 2
 
Rating 3
 
Rating 4
 
Held for Sale
 
Total
As of June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Whole loans
$
900,246

 
$
32,500

 
$
22,000

 
$

 
$

 
$
954,746

B notes
16,138

 

 

 

 

 
16,138

Mezzanine loans
45,460

 
21,800

 

 

 

 
67,260

 
$
961,844

 
$
54,300

 
$
22,000

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,038,144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
680,718

 
$
32,500

 
$
32,571

 
$

 
$

 
$
745,789

B notes
16,205

 

 

 

 

 
16,205

Mezzanine loans
51,862

 
12,455

 

 

 

 
64,317

 
$
748,785

 
$
44,955

 
$
32,571

 
$

 
$

 
$
826,311


All of RSO’s commercial real estate loans were current as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.
Residential Mortgage Loans
Residential mortgage loans are reviewed periodically for collectability in light of historical experience, the nature and amount of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing underlying conditions. RSO also designates loans that are sold after the period ends as held for sale at the lower of their fair market value or cost.
Loans Receivable - Related Party
RSO recorded a $700,000 allowance for loan loss on a related party loan due to a default on an individually significant credit in the fund that caused an unplanned cash flow deficiency.
Loan Portfolios Aging Analysis
The following table shows the loan portfolio aging analysis as of the dates indicated at cost basis (in thousands):
 
30-59
Days
 
60-89
Days
 
Greater
than
90 Days
 
Total Past Due
 
Current
 
Total
Loans
Receivable
 
Total Loans > 90 Days and Accruing
June 30, 2014
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Whole loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
954,746

 
$
954,746

 
$

B notes

 

 

 

 
16,138

 
16,138

 

Mezzanine loans

 

 

 

 
67,260

 
67,260

 

Bank loans (1) (2)

 

 
1,685

 
1,685

 
720,323

 
722,008

 

Residential mortgage loans (3)

 

 
266

 
266

 
27,063

 
27,329

 

Loans receivable-related party

 

 

 

 
5,451

 
5,451

 

Total loans
$

 
$

 
$
1,951

 
$
1,951

 
$
1,790,981

 
$
1,792,932

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
745,789

 
$
745,789

 
$

B notes

 

 

 

 
16,205

 
16,205

 

Mezzanine loans

 

 

 

 
64,317

 
64,317

 

Bank loans (2)

 

 
3,554

 
3,554

 
558,469

 
562,023

 

Residential mortgage loans (3)
234

 
91

 
268

 
593

 
16,322

 
16,915

 

Loans receivable-related party

 

 

 

 
6,966

 
6,966

 

Total loans
$
234

 
$
91

 
$
3,822

 
$
4,147

 
$
1,408,068

 
$
1,412,215

 
$



(1) Contains loans for which the fair value method was elected with an unpaid principal balance of $4.8 million with a fair value of $119,000 at June 30, 2014.

(2) Contains $15.4 million and $6.9 million of bank loans held for sale at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

(3) Contains $24.9 million and $15.1 million of residential mortgage loans held for sale at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Impaired Loans
The following tables show impaired loans as of the dates indicated (in thousands):
 
Recorded Balance
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Specific Allowance
 
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
 
Interest Income Recognized
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans without a specific valuation allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Whole loans
$
127,511

 
$
127,511

 
$

 
$
126,070

 
$
10,682

B notes
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Mezzanine loans
$
38,072

 
$
38,072

 
$

 
$
38,072

 
$
2,229

Bank loans
$
119

 
$
119

 
$

 
$
119

 
$

Residential mortgage loans
$
2,470

 
$
2,470

 
$

 
$
2,470

 
$
65

Loans receivable - related party
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans with a specific valuation allowance:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
7,000

 
$
7,000

 
$
(1,800
)
 
$
7,000

 
$
591

B notes
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Mezzanine loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Bank loans
$
1,566

 
$
1,566

 
$
(441
)
 
$
1,566

 
$

Residential mortgage loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans receivable - related party
$
4,657

 
$
4,657

 
$
(700
)
 
$
5,195

 
$
85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
134,511

 
$
134,511

 
$
(1,800
)
 
$
133,070

 
$
11,273

B notes

 

 

 

 

Mezzanine loans
38,072

 
38,072

 

 
38,072

 
2,229

Bank loans
1,685

 
1,685

 
(441
)
 
1,685

 

Residential mortgage loans
2,470

 
2,470

 

 
2,470

 
65

Loans receivable - related party
4,657

 
4,657

 
(700
)
 
5,195

 
85

 
$
181,395

 
$
181,395

 
$
(2,941
)
 
$
180,492

 
$
13,652

 
Recorded Balance
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Specific Allowance
 
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
 
Interest Income Recognized
December 31, 2013:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Loans without a specific valuation allowance:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
130,759

 
$
130,759

 
$

 
$
123,495

 
$
8,439

B notes
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Mezzanine loans
$
38,072

 
$
38,072

 
$

 
$
38,072

 
$
1,615

Bank loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Residential mortgage loans
$
315

 
$
268

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans receivable - related party
$
5,733

 
$
5,733

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans with a specific valuation allowance:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
25,572

 
$
25,572

 
$
(4,572
)
 
$
24,748

 
$
1,622

B notes
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Mezzanine loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Bank loans
$
3,554

 
$
3,554

 
$
(2,621
)
 
$

 
$

Residential mortgage loans
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans receivable - related party
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Whole loans
$
156,331

 
$
156,331

 
$
(4,572
)
 
$
148,243

 
$
10,061

B notes

 

 

 

 

Mezzanine loans
38,072

 
38,072

 

 
38,072

 
1,615

Bank loans
3,554

 
3,554

 
(2,621
)
 

 

Residential mortgage loans
315

 
268

 

 

 

Loans receivable - related party
5,733

 
5,733

 

 

 

 
$
204,005

 
$
203,958

 
$
(7,193
)
 
$
186,315

 
$
11,676


Troubled- Debt Restructurings
RSO had no troubled-debt restructurings during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 or during the six months ended June 30, 2014.
The following tables show troubled-debt restructurings in RSO's loan portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2013 (in thousands):
 
Number
of Loans
 
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Balance
 
Post-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Balance
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Whole loans
2
 
$
56,328

 
$
56,328

B notes
 

 

Mezzanine loans
 

 

Bank loans
 

 

Residential mortgage loans
 

 

Loans receivable
1
 
6,592

 
6,592

Total loans
3
 
$
62,920

 
$
62,920

As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, there were no troubled-debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted.
Intangible assets - RSO
Intangible assets represent identifiable intangible assets acquired as a result of RSO’s acquisition of RCAM in February 2011, its conversion of loans to investments in real estate in June 2011, and the acquisition of real estate in August 2011.  RSO amortizes identified intangible assets to expense over their estimated lives or period of benefit using the straight-line method.  RSO evaluates intangible assets for impairment as events and circumstances change.  In October 2012, RSO purchased 66.6% of the preferred equity of, and began consolidating, Whitney CLO I, one of the RCAM CLOs. As a result of this transaction and the consolidation of Whitney CLO I, RSO wrote-off the unamortized balance of $2.6 million, the intangible asset associated with this CLO, which was recorded in gain (loss) on consolidation in RSO's consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2012. In May 2013, RSO purchased additional equity, increasing its ownership percentage to 68.3% before the CLO was later substantially liquidated in October 2013. Due to an event whereby a second CLO liquidated in early 2013, RSO accelerated the amortization of the remaining balance of its intangible asset and recorded a $657,000 charge to depreciation and amortization on RSO's consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2012. Upon acquisition of Primary Capital Mortgage, LLC ("PCM"), RSO recognized an intangible asset of $600,000 related to its wholesale-correspondent relationships, which have a finite life of approximately two years.
RSO expects to record amortization expense on intangible assets of approximately $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 and $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.  The weighted average amortization period was 7.1 years and 7.7 years at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively and the accumulated amortization was $11.0 million and $12.5 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
The following table summarizes intangible assets (in thousands).
 
Asset Balance
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Asset
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in RCAM
$
21,213

 
$
(10,872
)
 
$
10,341

Investment in PCM:
 
 
 
 


Wholesale or correspondent relationships
600

 
(170
)
 
430

Total intangible assets
$
21,813

 
$
(11,042
)
 
$
10,771

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

Investment in RCAM
$
21,213

 
$
(9,980
)
 
$
11,233

Investments in real estate:
 

 
 

 
 

In-place leases
2,461

 
(2,430
)
 
31

Above (below) market leases
29

 
(29
)
 

Investment in PCM:
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale or correspondent relationships
600

 
(42
)
 
558

Total intangible assets
$
24,303

 
$
(12,481
)
 
$
11,822



For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO recognized $1.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of fee income related to the investment in RCAM. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, RSO recognized $1.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, of fee income related to the investment in RCAM.
The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon RSO’s best estimate of fair value, with any shortage under the net tangible and intangible assets acquired allocated to gain on bargain purchase. The gain on bargain purchase resulted from the stock grant described above being accounted for as compensation under GAAP and was recorded as other income (expense) on RSO's consolidate statement of income.    
The following table sets forth the allocation of the purchase price as of December 31, 2013 (in thousands):
Assets acquired:
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,233

Loans held for sale
15,021

Loans held for investment
2,071

Wholesale and correspondent relationships
600

Other assets
5,828

Total assets
24,753

 
 
Less: Liabilities assumed:
 
Borrowings
14,584

Other liabilities
2,165

Total liabilities
16,749

 
 
Gain on bargain purchase
391

Total cash purchase price
$
7,613


Although no further material purchase price adjustments for PCM are anticipated, RSO has not yet completed the process of estimating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on this investment. Accordingly, RSO's preliminary estimates and the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may change as RSO completes the process. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, changes, if any, to the preliminary estimates and allocation will be reported in RSO's consolidated financial statements, retrospectively.
Borrowings - RSO
RSO historically has financed the acquisition of its investments, including investment securities, loans and lease receivables, through the use of secured and unsecured borrowings in the form of CDOs, CLOs securitized notes, repurchase agreements, secured term facilities, warehouse facilities and trust preferred securities issuances.  Certain information with respect to RSO’s borrowings is summarized in the following table (in thousands, except percentages):
 
Outstanding Borrowings
 
Unamortized Issuance Costs and Discounts
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
 
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity
 
Value of Collateral
 
Date Securitization Closed
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RREF CDO 2006-1 Senior Notes
$
106,029

 
$
51

 
$
106,080

 
1.92%
 
32.1 years
 
$
174,237

 
August 2006
RREF CDO 2007-1 Senior Notes
126,004

 
355

 
126,359

 
0.99%
 
32.3 years
 
361,432

 
June 2007
RCC CRE Notes 2013
256,807

 
3,683

 
260,490

 
2.02%
 
14.5 years
 
281,846

 
December 2013
Apidos CDO I Senior Notes 
56,922

 

 
56,922

 
2.24%
 
3.1 years
 
73,276

 
August 2005
Apidos CDO III Senior Notes  
97,458

 

 
97,458

 
1.01%
 
6.2 years
 
109,325

 
May 2006
Apidos Cinco CDO Senior Notes
319,639

 
553

 
320,192

 
0.73%
 
5.9 years
 
341,777

 
May 2007
Whitney CLO I Senior Notes (1)

 

 

 
—%
 
N/A
 
79

 
N/A
Moselle CLO S.A. Senior Notes, at fair value (6)
140,220

 

 
140,220

 
1.04%
 
5.5 years
 
175,641

 
October 2005
Moselle CLO S.A. Securitized Borrowings, at fair value
5,208

 

 
5,208

 
1.04%
 
N/A
 

 
N/A
Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures (2)
51,104

 
444

 
51,548

 
4.18%
 
22.3 years
 

 
May/Sept 2006
6.0% Convertible Senior Notes
107,550

 
7,450

 
115,000

 
6.00%
 
4.4 years
 

 
October 2013
CRE - Term Repurchase Facilities (3) 
217,679

 
448

 
218,127

 
2.58%
 
17 days
 
315,579

 
N/A
CMBS - Term Repurchase Facility (4)
30,833

 

 
30,833

 
1.37%
 
18 days
 
37,784

 
N/A
RMBS- Term Repurchase Facility (5)
22,997

 
28

 
23,025

 
1.15%
 
1 day
 
27,669

 
N/A
Residential Mortgage Financing Agreements
23,679

 

 
23,679

 
3.99%
 
130 days
 
32,399

 
N/A
CMBS - Short Term Repurchase Agreements
17,705

 

 
17,705

 
1.40%
 
2 days
 
20,813

 
N/A
Total
$
1,579,834

 
13,012

 
1,592,846

 
1.96%
 
9.8 years
 
$
1,951,857

 
 



 
Outstanding Borrowings
 
Unamortized Issuance Costs and Discounts
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
 
Weighted Average Remaining Maturity
 
Value of Collateral
 
Date Securitization Closed
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RREF CDO 2006-1 Senior Notes
$
94,004

 
$
205

 
$
94,209

 
1.87
%
 
32.6 years
 
$
169,115

 
August 2006
RREF CDO 2007-1 Senior Notes
177,837

 
719

 
178,556

 
0.84
%
 
32.8 years
 
318,933

 
June 2007
RCC CRE Notes 2013
256,571

 
4,269

 
260,840

 
2.03
%
 
15.0 years
 
305,586

 
December 2013
Apidos CDO I Senior Notes
87,131

 

 
87,131

 
1.68
%
 
3.6 years
 
103,736

 
August 2005
Apidos CDO III Senior Notes
133,209

 
117

 
133,326

 
0.88
%
 
6.7 years
 
145,930

 
May 2006
Apidos Cinco CDO Senior Notes
321,147

 
853

 
322,000

 
0.74
%
 
6.4 years
 
342,796

 
May 2007
Whitney CLO I Securitized Borrowings (1)
440

 

 
440

 
%
 
N/A
 
885

 
N/A
Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures (2)
51,005

 
543

 
51,548

 
4.19
%
 
22.8 years
 

 
May/Sept 2006
6.0% Convertible Senior Notes
106,535

 
8,465

 
115,000

 
6.00
%
 
4.9 years
 

 
October 2013
CRE - Term Repurchase Facilities (3)
29,703

 
1,033

 
30,736

 
2.67
%
 
21 days
 
48,186

 
N/A
CMBS - Term Repurchase Facility (4)
47,601

 
12

 
47,613

 
1.38
%
 
21 days
 
56,949

 
N/A
Residential Mortgage Financing Agreements
14,627

 

 
14,627

 
4.24
%
 
56 days
 
16,487

 
N/A
Total
$
1,319,810

 
$
16,216

 
$
1,336,026

 
1.87
%
 
13.1 years
 
$
1,508,603

 
 
 
(1)
The securitized borrowings are collateralized by the same assets as the Apidos CLO VIII Senior Notes and the Whitney CLO I Securitized Borrowings, respectively.
(2)
Amount represents junior subordinated debentures issued to RCT I and RCT II in May 2006 and September 2006, respectively.
(3)
Amounts also include accrued interest costs of $207,000 and $26,000 related to CRE repurchase facilities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(4)
Amounts also include accrued interest costs of $14,000 and $22,000 related to CMBS repurchase facilities as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Amounts do note reflect CMBS repurchase agreement borrowings that are components of linked transactions.
(5)
Amount also includes accrued interest costs of $1,000 related to RMBS repurchase facilities as of June 30, 2014.
(6)
The fair value option has been elected for the borrowings associated with Moselle CLO S.A., as such, the outstanding borrowings and principal outstanding amounts are state at fair value. The unpaid principal amounts of these borrowings were $143 million at June 30, 2014.

Securitizations
RCC CRE Notes 2013
In December 2013, RSO closed RCC CRE Notes 2013, a $307.8 million CRE securitization transaction that provided financing for transitional commercial real estate loans. The investments held by CRE Notes 2013 securitized the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders. CRE Notes 2013 issued a total of $260.8 million of senior notes at par to unrelated investors. RCC Real Estate purchased 100% of the Class D senior notes (rated BBB:DBRS), Class E senior notes (rated BB:DBRS) and Class F senior notes (rated B:DBRS) for $30.0 million. In addition, RCC CRE Notes 2013 Investor, LLC, a subsidiary of RCC Real Estate, purchased a $16.9 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares. The senior notes purchased by RCC Real Estate are subordinated in right of payment to all other senior notes issued by CRE Notes 2013 but are senior in right of payment to the preference shares. The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by CRE Notes 2013. There is no reinvestment period for CRE Notes 2013, which will result in the sequential paydown of notes as underlying collateral matures and paydown. As of June 30, 2014, $350,000 of the Class A notes have been paid down.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors by CRE Notes 2013 consisted of the following classes: (i) $136.9 million of Class A notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.30%; (ii) $78.5 million of Class A-S notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.15%; (iii) $30.8 million of Class B notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.85%; (iv) $14.6 million of Class C notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.50%; (v) $13.8 million of Class D notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 4.50%; (vi) $9.2 million of Class E notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 5.50%; (vii) and $6.9 million of Class F notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 6.50%. All of the notes issued mature in December 2028, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after January 2016 until maturity. The weighted average interest rate on all notes issued to outside investors was 2.02% at June 30, 2014.
As a result of RSO’s ownership of senior notes, the notes retained at the CRE securitization's closing eliminate in consolidation.
Resource Real Estate Funding CDO 2007-1
In June 2007, RSO closed RREF CDO 2007-1, a $500.0 million CDO transaction that provided financing for commercial real estate loans and commercial mortgage-backed securities.  The investments held by RREF CDO 2007-1 collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  RREF CDO 2007-1 issued a total of $265.6 million of senior notes at par to unrelated investors.  RCC Real Estate purchased 100% of the Class H senior notes (rated  BBB+:Fitch), Class K senior notes (rated BBB-:Fitch), Class L senior notes (rated BB:Fitch) and Class M senior notes (rated B: Fitch) for $68.0 million.  In addition, Resource Real Estate Funding 2007-1 CDO Investor, LLC, a subsidiary of RCC Real Estate, purchased a $41.3 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares.  The senior notes purchased by RCC Real Estate are subordinated in right of payment to all other senior notes issued by RREF CDO 2007-1 but are senior in right of payment to the preference shares.  The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by RREF CDO 2007-1. The reinvestment period for RREF 2007-1 ended in June 2012, which has resulted in the sequential paydown of notes as underlying collateral matures and pays down.  As of June 30, 2014, $115.6 million of Class A-1 notes have been paid down and $50.0 million of the Class A-1R notes have been paid down.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors by RREF CDO 2007-1 consist of the following classes: (i) $180.0 million of Class A-1 notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.28%; (ii) $50.0 million of unissued Class A-1R notes, which allow the CDO to fund future funding obligations under the existing whole loan participations that have future funding commitments; the undrawn balance of the Class A-1R notes accrued a commitment fee at a rate per annum equal to 0.18%, the drawn balance bore interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.32%; (iii) $57.5 million of Class A-2 notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.46%; (iv) $22.5 million of Class B notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.80%; (v) $7.0 million of Class C notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 6.423%; (vi) $26.8 million of Class D notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.95%; (vii) $11.9 million of Class E notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.15%; (viii) $11.9 million of Class F notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.30%; (ix) $11.3 million of Class G notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.55%; (x) $11.3 million of Class H notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.30%; (xi) $11.3 million of Class J notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.95%; (xii) $10.0 million of Class K notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.25%; (xiii) $18.8 million of Class L notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% and (xiv) $28.8 million of Class M notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 8.50%.  All of the notes issued mature in September 2046, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after July 2017 until maturity.  The weighted average interest rate on all notes issued to outside investors and net of repurchased notes was 0.99% and 0.84% at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, RSO did not repurchase any notes.
As a result of RSO’s ownership of senior notes, both the notes repurchased subsequent to closing and those retained at the CDO’s closing eliminate in consolidation.
Resource Real Estate Funding CDO 2006-1
In August 2006, RSO closed RREF CDO 2006-1, a $345.0 million CDO transaction that provided financing for commercial real estate loans.  The investments held by RREF CDO 2006-1 collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  RREF CDO 2006-1 issued a total of $308.7 million of senior notes at par to investors of which RCC Real Estate purchased 100% of the Class J senior notes (rated BB: Fitch) and Class K senior notes (rated B:Fitch) for $43.1 million.  In addition, Resource Real Estate Funding 2006-1 CDO Investor, LLC, a subsidiary of RCC Real Estate, purchased a $36.3 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares.  The senior notes purchased by RCC Real Estate are subordinated in right of payment to all other senior notes issued by RREF CDO 2006-1 but are senior in right of payment to the preference shares.  The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by RREF CDO 2006-1.  The reinvestment period for RREF 2006-1 ended in September 2011 which has resulted in the sequential paydown of notes as underlying collateral matures and pays down.  As of June 30, 2014, $116.9 million of Class A-1 notes have been paid down.
The senior notes issued to investors by RREF CDO 2006-1 consist of the following classes:  (i) $129.4 million of Class A-1 notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.32%; (ii) $17.4 million of Class A-2 notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.35%; (iii) $5.0 million of Class A-2 notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 5.842%; (iv) $6.9 million of Class B notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.40%; (v) $20.7 million of Class C notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.62%; (vi) $15.5 million of Class D notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 0.80%; (vii) $20.7 million of Class E notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.30%; (viii) $19.8 million of Class F notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.60%; (ix) $17.3 million of Class G notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 1.90%; (x) $12.9 million of Class H notes bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.75%, (xi) $14.7 million of Class J notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 6.00% and (xii) $28.4 million of Class K notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 6.00%.  As a result of RSO’s ownership of the Class J and K senior notes, these notes eliminate in consolidation.  All of the notes issued mature in August 2046, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after August 2016 until maturity.  The weighted average interest rate on all notes issued to outside investors and net of repurchased notes was 1.92% and 1.87% at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, RSO did not repurchase any notes.
As a result of RSO’s ownership of senior notes, both the notes repurchased subsequent to closing and those retained at the CDO’s closing eliminate in consolidation.
Moselle CLO S.A.
           In February 2014, RSO purchased 100% of the Class 1 Subordinated Notes and 67.9% of the Class 2 Subordinated Notes, which represented 88.6% of the subordinated notes in the European securitization Moselle CLO S.A. Due to RSO's economic interest combined with its contractual, unilateral kick-out rights acquired upon its purchase of a majority of the subordinate notes, RSO determined that it had a controlling financial interest and consolidated Moselle CLO.  The notes purchased by RSO are subordinated in right of payment to all other notes issued by Moselle CLO. 
               The balances of the senior notes issued to investors when RSO acquired a controlling financial interest in February 2014 were as follows: (i) €24.9 million of Class A-1E notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.25%; (ii) $24.9 million of Class A-1L notes bearing interest at LIBOR  plus 0.25%; (iii) €10.3 million of Class A-1LE notes bearing interest at LIBOR  plus 0.31%; (iv) $10.3 million of Class A-1LE USD notes bearing interest at LIBOR  plus 0.31% (v) €13.8 million of Class A-2E notes bearing interest at LIBOR  plus 0.40%; (vi) $13.8 million of Class A-2L notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.40%; (vii) €6.8 million of Class A-3E notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.70%; (viii) $6.8 million of Class A-3L notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.75%; (ix) €16.0 million of Class B-1E notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.80%; and (x) $16.0 million of Class B-1L notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.85%.
All notes issued mature on January 6, 2020. RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after January 6, 2010 until maturity. The weighted average interest rate on all notes was 1.04% at June 30, 2014.
Whitney CLO I
In February 2011, RSO acquired the rights to manage the assets held by Whitney CLO I. In October 2012, RSO purchased a $20.9 million preferred equity interest at a discount of 42.5% which represented 66.6% of the outstanding preference shares in Whitney CLO I. In May 2013, RSO purchased an additional $550,000 equity interest in Whitney CLO I and as of June 30, 2014 held 68.3% of the outstanding preference shares. Based upon those purchases, RSO determined that it had a controlling interest and consolidated Whitney CLO I. The preferred equity interest was subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by Whitney CLO I. In 2013, RSO substantially liquidated Whitney CLO I, and as a result substantially all of the assets were sold.
Apidos CLO VIII
In October 2011, RSO closed Apidos CLO VIII, a $350.0 million CLO transaction that provides financing for bank loans.  The investments held by Apidos CLO VIII collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  Apidos CLO VIII issued a total of $317.6 million of senior notes at a discount of 4.4% to investors and Resource TRS III purchased a $15.0 million interest representing 43% of the outstanding subordinated debt.  The remaining 57% of subordinated debt was owned by unrelated third parties.  The reinvestment period for Apidos CLO VIII will end in October 2014.  The subordinated debt interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by Apidos CLO VIII. In 2013, Apidos CLO VIII was called and substantially liquidated and, as a result, all of the assets were sold. Total proceeds from the sale of these assets, plus proceeds from previous sales and paydowns in the CLO, were used to paydown the notes in full.
Apidos Cinco CDO
In May 2007, RSO closed Apidos Cinco CDO, a $350.0 million CDO transaction that provides financing for bank loans.  The investments held by Apidos Cinco CDO collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  Apidos Cinco CDO issued a total of $322.0 million of senior notes at par to investors and RCC commercial purchased a $28.0 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares.  The reinvestment period for Apidos Cinco CDO ended in May 2014 which results in the sequential paydown of notes as underlying collateral matures and pays down.  The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by Apidos Cinco CDO.
The senior notes issued to investors by Apidos Cinco CDO consist of the following classes: (i) $37.5 million of Class A-1 notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.24%; (ii) $200.0 million of Class A-2a notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.23%; (iii) $22.5 million of Class A-2b notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.32%; (iv) $19.0 million of Class A-3 notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.42%; (v) $18.0 million of Class B notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 0.80%; (vi) $14.0 million of Class C notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 2.25% and (vii) $11.0 million of Class D notes bearing interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%. All of the notes issued mature on May 14, 2020, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after May 14, 2011 until maturity.  The weighted average interest rate on all notes was 0.73% and 0.74% at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. As of June 30, 2014, $45,000 of Class A-1 notes and $264,000 of Class A-2A notes have been paid down.
Apidos CDO III
In May 2006, RSO closed Apidos CDO III, a $285.5 million CDO transaction that provides financing for bank loans.  The investments held by Apidos CDO III collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  Apidos CDO III issued a total of $262.5 million of senior notes at par to investors and RCC Commercial purchased a $23.0 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares.  The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by Apidos CDO III.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors by Apidos CDO III consist of the following classes:  (i) $212.0 million of Class A-1 notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.26%; (ii) $19.0 million of Class A-2 notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.45%; (iii) $15.0 million of Class B notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.75%; (iv) $10.5 million of Class C notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 1.75%; and (v) $6.0 million of Class D notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 4.25%.  All of the notes issued mature on September 12, 2020, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after September 12, 2011 until maturity.  The weighted average interest rate on all notes was 1.01% and 0.88% at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The reinvestment period for Apidos CDO III ended in June 2012 which has resulted in the sequential pay down of notes as underlying collateral matures and pays down.  As of June 30, 2014, $165.0 million of Class A-1 notes have been paid down.
Apidos CDO I
In August 2005, RSO closed Apidos CDO I, a $350.0 million CDO transaction that provides financing for bank loans.  The investments held by Apidos CDO I collateralize the debt it issued and, as a result, the investments are not available to RSO, its creditors or stockholders.  Apidos CDO I issued a total of $321.5 million of senior notes at par to investors and RCC Commercial purchased a $28.5 million equity interest representing 100% of the outstanding preference shares.  The equity interest is subordinated in right of payment to all other securities issued by Apidos CDO I.
At closing, the senior notes issued to investors by Apidos CDO I consist of the following classes:  (i) $265.0 million of Class A-1 notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.26%; (ii) $15.0 million of Class A-2 notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.42%; (iii) $20.5 million of Class B notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 0.75%; (iv) $13.0 million of Class C notes bearing interest at 3-month LIBOR plus 1.85%; and (v) $8.0 million of Class D notes bearing interest at a fixed rate of 9.25%.  All of the notes issued mature on July 27, 2017, although RSO has the right to call the notes anytime after July 27, 2010 until maturity.  The weighted average interest rate on all notes was 2.24% and 1.68% and at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The reinvestment period for Apidos CDO I ended in July 2011 which has resulted in the sequential pay down of notes as underlying collateral matures and pays down.  As of June 30, 2014, $262.6 million of Class A-1 Notes have been paid down.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, RSO did not repurchase any notes.
6.0% Convertible Senior Notes
On October 21, 2013, RSO issued and sold in a public offering $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2018, ("6.0% Convertible Senior Notes"). After deducting the underwriting discount and the estimated offering costs, RSO received approximately $111.1 million of net proceeds. The discount of $4.9 million on the 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes reflects the difference between the stated value of the debt and the fair value of the notes as if they were issued without a conversion feature and at a higher rate of interest that RSO estimated would have been applicable without the conversion feature. The discount will be amortized on a straight-line basis as additional interest expense through maturity on December 1, 2018. Interest on the 6.0% convertible senior notes is paid semi-annually and the 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes mature on December 1, 2018. Prior to December 1, 2018, the 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes are not redeemable at RSO's option, except to preserve RSO's status as a REIT. On or after December 1, 2018, RSO may redeem all or a portion of the 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. Holders of 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes may require RSO to repurchase all or a portion of the 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes at a purchase price equal to the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest on December 1, 2018, or upon the occurrence of certain defined fundamental changes. The 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes are convertible at the option of the holder at a current conversion rate of 150.1502 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes (equivalent to a current conversion price of $6.66 per common share). Upon conversion of 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes by a holder, the holder will receive cash, RSO common shares or a combination of cash and RSO common shares, at RSO's election.
Unsecured Junior Subordinated Debentures
In May 2006 and September 2006, RSO formed RCT I and RCT II, respectively, for the sole purpose of issuing and selling capital securities representing preferred beneficial interests.  Although RSO owns $774,000 of the common securities of RCT I and RCT II, RCT I and RCT II are not consolidated into RSO’s consolidated financial statements because RSO is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these entities.  In connection with the issuance and sale of the capital securities, RSO issued junior subordinated debentures to RCT I and RCT II of $25.8 million each, representing RSO’s maximum exposure to loss.  The debt issuance costs associated with the junior subordinated debentures for RCT I and RCT II are included in borrowings and are being amortized into interest expense in RSO's consolidated statements of income using the effective yield method over a ten year period.
The debt issuance costs associated with the junior subordinated debentures for RCT I and RCT II at June 30, 2014 were $211,000 and $233,000, respectively.  The debt issuance costs associated with the junior subordinated debentures for RCT I and RCT II at December 31, 2013, were $261,000 and $282,000, respectively.  The rates for RCT I and RCT II, at June 30, 2014, were 4.18% and 4.17%, respectively.  The rates for RCT I and RCT II, at December 31, 2013, were 4.20% and 4.19%, respectively.
The rights of holders of common securities of RCT I and RCT II are subordinate to the rights of the holders of capital securities only in the event of a default; otherwise, the common securities’ economic and voting rights are pari passu with the capital securities.  The capital and common securities of RCT I and RCT II are subject to mandatory redemption upon the maturity or call of the junior subordinated debentures held by each.  Unless earlier dissolved, RCT I will dissolve on May 25, 2041 and RCT II will dissolve on September 29, 2041.  The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of RCT I and RCT II, mature on September 30, 2036 and October 30, 2036, respectively, and may be called at par by RSO any time after September 30, 2011 and October 30, 2011, respectively.  RSO records its investments in RCT I and RCT II’s common securities of $774,000 each as investments in unconsolidated entities and records dividend income upon declaration by RCT I and RCT II.
Repurchase and Credit Facilities
Borrowings under the repurchase and mortgage finance facilities agreements were guaranteed by RSO or one of its subsidiaries. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to RSO's borrowings is summarized in the following table (dollars in thousands):
 
June 30, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Outstanding Borrowings
 
Value of Collateral
 
Number of Positions as Collateral
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
Outstanding Borrowings
 
Value of Collateral
 
Number of Positions as Collateral
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
CMBS Term Repurchase Facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank (1)
$
30,833

 
$
37,784

 
47
 
1.37%
 
$
47,601

 
$
56,949

 
44
 
1.38%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE Term Repurchase Facilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank (2)
202,821

 
293,496

 
12
 
2.55%
 
30,003

 
48,186

 
8
 
2.67%
Deutsche Bank AG (3)
14,858

 
22,083

 
3
 
3.03%
 
(300
)
 

 
 
—%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Repurchase Agreements - CMBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deutsche Bank Securities, LLC
17,705

 
20,813

 
6
 
1.40%
 

 

 
 
—%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS Term Repurchase Facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank (4)
22,997

 
27,669

 
6
 
1.15%
 

 

 
 
—%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential Mortgage Financing Agreements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New Century Bank
14,772

 
17,519

 
78
 
3.91%
 
11,916

 
13,089

 
74
 
4.17%
ViewPoint Bank, NA
8,907

 
14,880

 
48
 
4.12%
 
2,711

 
3,398

 
17
 
4.58%
Totals
$
312,893

 
$
434,244

 
 
 
 
 
$
91,931

 
$
121,622

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
The Wells Fargo CMBS term facility borrowing includes zero and $12,000 of deferred debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(2)
The Wells Fargo CRE term repurchase facility borrowing includes $419,000 and $732,000 of deferred debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(3)
The Deutsche Bank term repurchase facility includes $29,000 and $300,000 of deferred debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(4)
The Wells Fargo RMBS term repurchase facility includes $28,000 of deferred debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2014.
    
The assets in the following table are accounted for as linked transactions. These linked repurchase agreements are not included in borrowings on RSO's consolidated balance sheets.
 
June 30, 2014
 
December 31, 2013
 
Borrowings
Under
Linked
Transactions (1)
 
Value of Collateral Under Linked Transactions
 
Number of Positions as Collateral Under Linked Transactions
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
of Linked
Transactions
 
Borrowings
Under
Linked
Transactions (1)
 
Value of Collateral Under Linked Transactions
 
Number of Positions as Collateral Under Linked Transactions
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
of Linked
Transactions
CMBS Term
   Repurchase
   Facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank
$
5,959

 
$
7,750

 
7
 
1.63%
 
$
6,506

 
$
8,345

 
7
 
1.65%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE Term
   Repurchase
   Facility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank

 

 
 
—%
 

 

 
 
—%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term
   Repurchase
   Agreements -
   CMBS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JP Morgan Securities, LLC

 

 
 
—%
 
17,020

 
24,814

 
4
 
0.99%
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
4,183

 
6,309

 
7
 
1.37%
 
21,969

 
30,803

 
9
 
1.19%
Deutsche Bank Securities, LLC
18,584

 
28,211

 
15
 
1.41%
 
18,599

 
29,861

 
9
 
1.43%
Totals
$
28,726

 
$
42,270

 
 
 
 
 
$
64,094

 
$
93,823

 
 
 
 

The following table shows information about the amount at risk under the repurchase facilities (dollars in thousands):
 
Amount
at Risk (1)
 
Weighted Average Maturity in Days
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS Term Repurchase Facility
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (2)
$
7,549

 
18
 
1.37%
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS Term Repurchase Facility
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
$
5,725

 
1
 
1.15%
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE Term Repurchase Facilities
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
$
128,915

 
18
 
2.55%
Deutsche Bank Securities, LLC
$
15,435

 
18
 
3.03%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Repurchase Agreements - CMBS
 
 
 
 
 
JP Morgan Securities, LLC (3)
$

 
0
 
—%
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
$
2,115

 
30
 
1.37%
Deutsche Bank Securities, LLC
$
9,778

 
26
 
1.40%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential Mortgage Financing Agreements
 
 
 
 
 
New Century Bank
$
15.227

 
62
 
3.91%
View Point Bank, NA
$
9,089

 
183
 
4.12%
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS Term Repurchase Facility
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (2)
$
10,796

 
21
 
1.38%
 
 
 
 
 
 
CRE Term Repurchase Facilities
 
 
 
 
 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
$
20,718

 
21
 
2.67%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-Term Repurchase Agreements - CMBS
 
 
 
 
 
JP Morgan Securities, LLC (3)
$
7,882

 
11
 
0.99%
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
$
8,925

 
2
 
1.19%
Deutsche Bank Securities, LLC
$
11,418

 
22
 
1.43%
 
(1)
Equal to the estimated fair value of securities or loans sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the sum of repurchase agreement liabilities plus accrued interest expense.
(2)
$6.0 million and $6.5 million of linked repurchase agreement borrowings are being included as derivative instruments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
(3)
There are no linked repurchase agreement borrowings being included as derivative instruments as of June 30, 2014. As of December 31, 2013 $17.0 million of linked repurchase agreement borrowings are being included as derivative instruments.

CMBS - Term Repurchase Facility
In February 2011, RSO's wholly-owned subsidiaries, RCC Commercial Inc. and RCC Real Estate, Inc. (collectively, the "RCC Subsidiaries"), entered into a master repurchase and securities contract (the “2011 Facility”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”).  Under the 2011 Facility, from time to time, the parties may enter into transactions in which the RCC Subsidiaries and Wells Fargo agree to transfer from the RCC Subsidiaries to Wells Fargo all of their right, title and interest to certain commercial mortgage backed securities and other assets (the “Assets”) against the transfer of funds by Wells Fargo to the RCC Subsidiaries, with a simultaneous agreement by Wells Fargo to transfer the Assets back to the RCC Subsidiaries at a date certain or on demand, against the transfer of funds from the RCC Subsidiaries to Wells Fargo.  The maximum amount of the Facility is $100.0 million which has a two year term with a one year option to extend, and an interest rate equal to the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% plus a 0.25% initial structuring fee and a 0.25% extension fee upon exercise. The 2011 Facility has a current maturity date of January 31, 2015. The RCC Subsidiaries may enter into interest rate swaps and cap agreements for securities whose average life exceeds two years to mitigate interest rate risk under the 2011 Facility.
The 2011 Facility contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties, cross-defaults, guarantor defaults, and the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings that remain unstayed.  The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of all obligations of the RCC Subsidiaries to repay the purchase price for purchased assets.
 The 2011 Facility also contains margin call provisions relating to a decline in the market value of a security. Under such circumstances, Wells Fargo may require the RCC Subsidiaries to transfer cash in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit resulting from such a decline.
 Under the terms of the 2011 Facility and pursuant to a guarantee agreement dated February 1, 2011 (the “2011 Guaranty”), RSO agreed to unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee to Wells Fargo the prompt and complete payment and performance of (a) all payment obligations owing by the RCC Subsidiaries to Wells Fargo under or in connection with the 2011 Facility and any other governing agreements and any and all extensions, renewals, modifications, amendments or substitutions of the foregoing; (b) all expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements, that are incurred by Wells Fargo in the enforcement of any of the foregoing or any obligation of the registrant; and (c) any other obligations of the RCC Subsidiaries with respect to Wells Fargo under each of the governing documents.  The 2011 Guaranty includes covenants that, among other things, limit RSO's leverage and debt service ratios and require maintenance of certain levels of cash and net worth. RCC Real Estate and RCC Commercial were in compliance with all debt covenants under the 2011 Facility and 2011 Guaranty as of June 30, 2014.
RMBS - Term Repurchase Facility
In June 2014, the RSO's wholly-owned subsidiaries, RCC Resi Portfolio and RCC Resi TRS (the “Sellers”) entered into a master repurchase and securities contract (the “2014 Facility”) with Wells Fargo.  Under the 2014 Facility, from time to time, the parties may enter into transactions in which the Sellers and Wells Fargo agree to transfer from the Sellers to Wells Fargo all of their right, title and interest to certain residential mortgage backed securities and other assets against the transfer of funds by Wells Fargo to the Sellers, with a simultaneous agreement by Wells Fargo to transfer back to the Sellers such assets at a date certain or on demand, against the transfer of funds from the Sellers to Wells Fargo. The maximum amount of the 2014 Facility is $285.0 million which had an original one year term with a one year option to extend, and a maximum interest rate of 1.45% plus a 4.00% pricing margin.  The 2014 Facility has a current maturity date of June 22, 2015.
The 2014 Facility contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties, cross-defaults, guarantor defaults, and the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings that remain unstayed. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of all obligations of the Sellers to repay the purchase price for purchased assets.
The 2014 Facility also contains margin call provisions relating to a decline in the market value of a security. Under these circumstances, Wells Fargo may require the Sellers to transfer cash in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit resulting from such a decline.

Under the terms of the 2014 Facility and pursuant to a guarantee agreement dated June 20, 2014 (the “2014 Guaranty”), the Company agreed to unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee to Wells Fargo the prompt and complete payment and performance of (a) all payment obligations owing by the Sellers to Wells Fargo under or in connection with the 2014 Facility and any other governing agreements and any and all extensions, renewals, modifications, amendments or substitutions of the foregoing; (b) all expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements, that are incurred by Wells Fargo in the enforcement of any of the foregoing or any obligation of the registrant; and (c) any other obligations of the Sellers with respect to Wells Fargo under each of the governing documents. The 2014 Guaranty includes covenants that, among other things, limit the Company's leverage and debt service ratios and require maintenance of certain levels of cash and net worth. RCC Resi Portfolio and RCC Resi Portfolio TRS were in compliance with all financial debt covenants under the 2014 Facility and 2014 Guaranty as of June 30, 2014.
CRE - Term Repurchase Facilities
On February 27, 2012, RCC Real Estate entered into a master repurchase and securities agreement (the "2012 Facility") with Wells Fargo to finance the origination of commercial real estate loans.  The facility had a maximum amount of $150.0 million and an initial 18 month term.  RSO paid an origination fee of 37.5 basis points (0.375%). On April 12, 2013, RCC Real Estate entered into an amendment which increased the size to $250.0 million and extended the current term of the 2012 Facility to February 27, 2015. The amendment also provides two additional one year extension option at RCC Real Estate's discretion. RCC Real Estate paid structuring fees of $101,000 and an extension fee of $938,000 in connection with the amendment and will amortize the additional fees over the term of the extension.
This 2012 Facility contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties, cross-defaults, guarantor defaults, and the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings that remain unstayed.  The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of all obligations of RSO to repay the purchase price for purchased assets.
 The 2012 Facility also contains margin call provisions relating to a decline in the market value of a security. Under these circumstances, Wells Fargo may require RSO to transfer cash in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit resulting from such a decline.
 Under the terms of the 2012 Facility and pursuant to a guarantee agreement dated February 27, 2012 (the “2012 Guaranty”), RSO agreed to unconditionally and irrevocably guarantee to Wells Fargo the prompt and complete payment and performance of (a) all payment obligations owing by RSO to Wells Fargo under or in connection with the 2012 Facility and any other governing agreements and any and all extensions, renewals, modifications, amendments or substitutions of the foregoing; (b) all expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements, that are incurred by Wells Fargo in the enforcement of any of the foregoing or any obligation of RSO; and (c) any other obligations of RSO with respect to Wells Fargo under each of the governing documents.  The 2012 Guaranty includes covenants that, among other things, limit RSO's leverage and debt service ratios and require maintenance of certain levels of cash and net worth. RCC Real Estate was in compliance with all debt covenants as of June 30, 2014.
On July 19, 2013, RCC Real Estate's wholly owned subsidiary, RCC Real Estate SPE 5 ("SPE 5") entered into a master repurchase and securities agreement (the "DB Facility") with Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch ("DB") to finance the origination of commercial real estate loans.  The DB Facility has a maximum amount of $200.0 million and an initial 12 month term, ending on July 19, 2014, with two one-year extensions at the option of SPE 5 and subject further to the right of SPE 5 to repurchase the assets held in the facility earlier. RSO paid a structuring fee of 0.25% of the maximum facility amount, as well as other reasonable closing costs. RSO guaranteed SPE 5's performance of its obligations under the DB Facility.
The DB Facility contains provisions that provide DB with certain rights if certain credit events have occurred with respect to one or more assets financed on the DB Facility to require SPE 5 to either repay a portion of the advance on such asset(s) or repay such advance in full (by repurchase of such asset(s). Depending on the nature of the credit event, such repayment may be required notwithstanding the availability of interest and principal payments from assets financed on the DB Facility, or may only be required to the extent of the availability of such payments.

The DB Facility contains events of default (subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods) customary for this type of financing arrangement, including but not limited to: payment defaults; bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings; a change of control of SPE 5 or RSO; breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties; performance defaults by RSO; a judgment in an amount greater than $100,000 against SPE 5 or $5.0 million in the aggregate against RSO; or a default involving the failure to pay or acceleration of a monetary obligation in excess of $100,000 of SPE 5 or $5.0 million of RSO. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the DB Facility and the liquidation by DB of assets then subject to the DB Facility. RSO and SPE 5 were in compliance with all debt covenants as of June 30, 2014.
Short-Term Repurchase Agreements - CMBS
On November 6, 2012, RCC Real Estate entered into a master repurchase and securities agreement with JP Morgan Securities LLC to finance the origination of CMBS.  There is no stated maximum amount of the facility and the repurchase agreement has no stated maturity. Interest rates reset monthly.
On February 14, 2012, RCC Real Estate entered into a master repurchase and securities agreement with Wells Fargo Securities, LLC to finance the purchase of CMBS.  There is no stated maximum amount of the facility and the repurchase agreement has no stated maturity date with monthly resets of interest rates.  RSO guaranteed RCC Real Estate’s performance of its obligations under the repurchase agreement.
On March 8, 2005, RCC Real Estate entered into a master repurchase and securities agreement with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. to finance the purchase of CMBS and the origination of commercial real estate loans.  There is no stated maximum amount of the facility and the repurchase agreement has an initial 12 month term with monthly resets of interest rates.  RSO guaranteed RCC Real Estate’s performance of its obligations under the repurchase agreement.

Residential Mortgage Financing Agreements
PCM has a master repurchase agreement with New Century Bank d/b/a Customer's Bank ("New Century") to finance the acquisition of residential mortgage loans. The facility has a maximum amount of $30.0 million and a termination date of July 2, 2014, which was amended from the original terms over the course of four amendments. At June 30, 2014, PCM had borrowed $14.8 million under this facility. The facility bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.50%.
The New Century facility contains provisions that provide New Century with certain rights if certain credit events have occurred with respect to one or more assets financed on the New Century facility to require PCM to either repay a portion of the advance on such asset(s) or repay such advance in full (by repurchase of such asset(s)). Depending on the nature of the credit event, such repayment may be required notwithstanding the availability of interest and principal payments from assets financed on the New Century facility, or may only be required to the extent of the availability of such payments.
The New Century facility contains events of default (subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods) customary for this type of financing arrangement, including but not limited to: payment defaults; bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings; a change in the nature of PCM's business as a mortgage banker as presently conducted or a change in senior management, including the employment of two senior members of PCM's management staff; breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties; performance defaults by PCM; a judgment in an amount greater than $10,000 against PCM or $50,000 in the aggregate against PCM. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for this type of transaction and include the acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the New Century facility and the liquidation by New Century of assets then subject to the New Century facility. The agreement requires PCM to maintain a minimum maintenance balance account at all times of $1.5 million and PCM was in compliance as of June 30, 2014. PCM was in compliance with all financial debt covenants as of June 30, 2014.
PCM has a loan participation agreement with ViewPoint Bank, NA ("ViewPoint") to finance the acquisition of residential mortgage loans. The facility has a maximum amount of $15.0 million and a termination date of December 30, 2014, which was amended from the original terms over the course of five amendments. At June 30, 2014, PCM had borrowed $8.9 million. The facility bears interest at one-month LIBOR with a 4.00% floor.
The ViewPoint facility contains provisions that provide ViewPoint with certain rights if certain credit events have occurred with respect to one or more assets financed on the ViewPoint facility to require either PCM to repay a portion of the advance on such asset(s) or repay such advance in full (by repurchase of such asset(s)). Depending on the nature of the credit event, such repayment may be required notwithstanding the availability of interest and principal payments from assets financed on the ViewPoint facility, or may only be required to the extent of the availability of such payments. The agreement requires PCM to maintain a minimum balance in a deposit account at all times of $1.0 million and PCM was in compliance as of June 30, 2014.
PCM received a waiver on a covenant due to an event of default that requires PCM to maintain consolidated net income of at least one dollar for the preceding twelve month period and not allow PCM's consolidated net income to be a negative number for three consecutive months. The waiver removed all existing defaults and waived the net income covenant requirement until September 30, 2014. PCM was in compliance with all other financial covenant requirements under the agreement as of June 30, 2014.
Mortgage Payable
On August 1, 2011, RSO, through RCC Real Estate, purchased Whispertree Apartments, a 504 unit multi-family property located in Houston, Texas, for $18.1 million.  The property was 95% occupied at acquisition.  In conjunction with the purchase of the property, RSO entered into a seven year mortgage of $13.6 million with a lender.  The mortgage bore interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus 3.95%.   At December 31, 2013, there were no outstanding borrowings under this agreement as the property was sold and the underlying mortgage was repaid in 2013.
Related party transactions - RSO
Relationship with LEAF. LEAF Financial originated and managed equipment leases and notes on behalf of RSO. On March 5, 2010, RSO entered into agreements with Lease Equity Appreciation Fund II, L.P. (“LEAF II”) (an equipment leasing partnership sponsored by LEAF Financial and of which a LEAF Financial subsidiary is the general partner), pursuant to which RSO provided an $8.0 million credit facility to LEAF II.  The credit facility initially had a one year term at 12% per year, payable quarterly, and was secured by all the assets of LEAF II, including its entire ownership interest in LEAF II Receivables Funding.  RSO received a 1% origination fee in connection with establishing the facility.  The facility originally matured on March 3, 2011 and was extended until September 3, 2011 with a 1% extension fee paid on the outstanding loan balance.  On June 3, 2011, RSO entered into an amendment to extend the maturity to February 15, 2012 and decrease the interest rate from 12% to 10% per annum resulting in a troubled-debt restructuring under current accounting guidance.  On February 15, 2012, the credit facility was further amended to extend the maturity to February 15, 2013 with a 1% extension fee accrued and added to the amount outstanding.  On January 11, 2013, RSO entered into another amendment to extend the maturity to February 15, 2014 with an additional 1% extension fee accrued and added to the amount outstanding. On December 17, 2013, RSO entered into another amendment to extend the maturity to February 15, 2015. Principal payments of $715,000 were made during six months ended June 30, 2014. During the three months ended June 30, 2014, RSO recorded a $700,000 allowance for loan loss. The loan amount outstanding at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 was $4.7 million and $5.7 million, respectively.
RSO's resulting interest from the formation of LEAF is accounted for under the equity method. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 RSO recorded a loss of $278,000 and $872,000 , respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013,recorded earnings of $304,000 and losses of $32,000 which was recorded in equity in net earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries on RSO's consolidated statement of income.  RSO’s investment in LEAF was valued at $40.1 million and $41.0 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.
Relationship with CVC Credit Partners. On April 17, 2012, ACM, a former subsidiary of the Company, was sold to CVC Credit Partners, a joint venture entity in which the Company owns a 33% interest.  CVC Credit Partners manages internally and externally originated bank loan assets on RSO’s behalf.  On February 24, 2011, a subsidiary of RSO purchased 100% of the ownership interests in Churchill Pacific Asset Management LLC ("CPAM") from Churchill Financial Holdings LLC for $22.5 million.  CPAM subsequently changed its name to Resource Capital Asset Management ("RCAM"). Through RCAM, RSO was initially entitled to collect senior, subordinated and incentive fees related to five CLOs holding approximately $1.9 billion in assets managed by RCAM.  RCAM is assisted by CVC Credit Partners in managing these CLOs.  CVC Credit Partners is entitled to 10% of all subordinated fees and 50% of the incentive fees received by RCAM.  For the three months ended June 30, 2014, CVC Credit Partners incurred subordinated fees of $330,000 and $700,000, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, CVC Credit Partners incurred subordinated fees of $174,000 and $355,000. In October 2012, RSO purchased 66.6% of the preferred equity in one of the RCAM CLOs. In May 2013, RSO purchased additional equity interest in this CLO, increasing its ownership to 68.3%. In September 2013, this CLO was called and the notes were paid down in full. Another RCAM-managed CLO also elected to redeem its outstanding notes in whole in February 2013.
In May, June and July 2013, RSO invested a total of $15.0 million into a limited partnership agreement with CVC Global Credit Opportunities Fund, L.P. ("the Partnership"), a Delaware limited partnership which generally invests in assets through a master-feeder fund structure ("the Master Fund"). The fund will pay the investment manager a quarterly management fee in advance calculated at the rate of 1.5% annually based on the balance of each limited partner's capital account. RSO's management fee was waived upon entering the agreement given that RSO is a related party of CVC Credit Partners. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO recorded earnings of $1.1 million and $2.0 million, which was recorded in equity in net earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries on RSO's consolidated statements of income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, RSO recorded earnings of $93,000. The fund's investment balance of $18.1 million and $16.2 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, is recorded as an investment in unconsolidated entities on RSO's consolidated balance sheets using the equity method.
Relationship with Ledgewood.  Until 1996, Edward E. Cohen, a director who was RSO’s Chairman from its inception until November 2009, was of counsel to Ledgewood, P.C., a law firm.  In addition, one of RSO’s executive officers, Jeffrey F. Brotman, was employed by Ledgewood until 2007.  Mr. E. Cohen receives certain debt service payments from Ledgewood related to the termination of his affiliation with Ledgewood and its redemption of his interest in the firm.  Mr. Brotman also receives certain debt service payments from Ledgewood related to the termination of his affiliation with the firm.  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, RSO paid Ledgewood $120,000 and $158,000 , respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 $40,000 and $86,000 in connection with legal services rendered to RSO.
Fair value of financial instruments
In analyzing the fair value of its investments accounted for on a fair value basis, RSO follows the fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.  RSO determines fair value based on quoted prices when available or, if quoted prices are not available, through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment.  The hierarchy followed defines three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. 
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability or can be corroborated with observable market data for substantially the entire contractual term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that reflect the entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in the pricing of the asset or liability and are consequently not based on market activity, but rather through particular valuation techniques.
The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment.  RSO evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter; depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter.  However, RSO expects that changes in classifications between levels will be rare.
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  The following is a discussion of these assets and liabilities as well as the valuation techniques applied to each for fair value measurement.
RSO reports its investment securities available-for-sale at fair value. To determine fair value, RSO uses an independent third-party valuation firm utilizing data available in the market as well as appropriate prepayment, default, and recovery rates. These valuations are validated utilizing dealer quotes or bids. If there is a material difference between the value indicated by the third-party-valuation firm and the dealer quote or bid, RSO will evaluate the difference which could result in an updated valuation from the third party or a revised dealer quote. Based on a prioritization of inputs used in the valuation of each position, RSO categorizes these investments as either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
RSO reports its investment securities, trading at fair value, based on an independent third-party valuation. RSO evaluates the reasonableness of the valuation it receives by using a dealer quote. If there is a material difference between the value indicated by the third-party and a quote RSO receives, RSO's management will evaluate the difference. Any changes in fair value are recorded on RSO’s results of operations as net unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities, trading.
The CMBS underlying RSO’s Linked Transactions are valued using the same techniques as those used for RSO’s other CMBS. The value of the underlying CMBS is then netted against the carrying amount (which approximates fair value) of the repurchase agreement borrowing at the valuation date. The fair value of Linked Transactions also includes accrued interest receivable on the CMBS and accrued interest payable on the underlying repurchase agreement borrowings. RSO’s Linked Transactions are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives (interest rate swaps and interest rate caps), both assets and liabilities, are reported at fair value, and are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach with models that use, as their primary inputs, readily observable market parameters.  This valuation process considers factors including interest rate yield curves, time value, credit factors and volatility factors.  Although RSO has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by RSO and its counterparties.  RSO assesses the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and, if material, categorizes those derivatives within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents information about RSO’s assets (including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by RSO to determine such fair value as follows (in thousands):
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities, trading
$

 
$

 
$
8,951

 
$
8,951

Investment securities available-for-sale
1,886

 
1,581

 
261,036

 
264,503

CMBS - linked transactions

 

 
13,676

 
13,676

Derivatives (net)

 
755

 

 
755

Total assets at fair value
$
1,886

 
$
2,336

 
$
283,663

 
$
287,885

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives (net)

 
785

 
9,070

 
9,855

Total liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
785

 
$
9,070

 
$
9,855

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment securities, trading
$

 
$

 
$
11,558

 
$
11,558

Investment securities available-for-sale
2,370

 
92

 
207,375

 
209,837

CMBS - linked transactions

 

 
30,066

 
30,066

Total assets at fair value
$
2,370

 
$
92

 
$
248,999

 
$
251,461

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivatives (net)

 
395

 
10,191

 
10,586

Total liabilities at fair value
$

 
$
395

 
$
10,191

 
$
10,586


The following table presents additional information about assets which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which RSO has utilized Level 3 inputs (in thousands):
 
CMBS Including Linked Transactions
 
ABS
 
RMBS
 
Structured Finance
 
Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2014
$
210,785

 
$
26,656

 
$
451

 
$
11,107

 
$
248,999

Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized):
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(720
)
 
470

 


 
379

 
129

Purchases
93,291

 
37,397

 
31,058

 

 
161,746

Sales
(99,151
)
 
(2,494
)
 


 
(758
)
 
(102,403
)
Paydowns
(25,435
)
 
(5,403
)
 
(18
)
 

 
(30,856
)
Included in OCI
7,280

 
1,388

 
(511
)
 
(2,109
)
 
6,048

Transfers out of Level 2

 

 

 

 

Transfers into level 3

 

 

 

 

Ending balance, June 30, 2014
$
186,050

 
$
58,014

 
$
30,980

 
$
8,619

 
$
283,663


In accordance with ASC 820-10-50-2-bbb, RSO is not required to disclose quantitative information with respect to unobservable inputs contained in fair value measurements that are not developed by RSO. As such, RSO has not disclosed such information associated with fair values obtained from third-party pricing sources. Because RSO is not able to obtain significant observable inputs and market data points due to a change in methodology whereby RSO began using a third party valuation firm to determine fair value. RSO reclassified $94.9 million of CMBS (including certain CMBS accounted for as linked transactions, to Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2013.
The following table presents additional information about liabilities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which RSO has utilized Level 3 inputs (in thousands):
 
Level 3
Beginning balance, January 1, 2014                                                                                    
$
10,191

Unrealized losses – included in accumulated other comprehensive income
(1,121
)
Ending balance, June 30, 2014                                                                              
$
9,070


RSO had no losses included in earnings due to the other-than-temporary impairment charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and $535,000 and $21,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. These losses are included in RSO's consolidated statements of operations as net impairment losses recognized in earnings.
Loans held for sale consist of bank loans and CRE loans identified for sale due to credit concerns.  Interest on loans held for sale is recognized according to the contractual terms of the loan and included in interest income on loans.  The fair value of bank loans held for sale and impaired bank loans is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for these loans.  As such, RSO classifies these loans as nonrecurring Level 2.  For RSO’s CRE loans where there is no primary market, fair value is measured using discounted cash flow analysis and other valuation techniques and these loans are classified as nonrecurring Level 3. The amount of nonrecurring fair value losses for impaired loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 was $0 and $440,000, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, was $2.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and is included in the consolidated statements of operations as provision for loan and lease losses.
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by RSO to determine such fair value as follows (in thousands):
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$

 
$
15,427

 
$
24,859

 
$
40,286

Impaired loans

 
1,125

 
5,200

 
6,325

Total assets at fair value
$

 
$
16,552

 
$
30,059

 
$
46,611

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Loans held for sale
$

 
$
6,850

 
$
15,066

 
$
21,916

Impaired loans

 
225

 

 
225

Total assets at fair value
$

 
$
7,075

 
$
15,066

 
$
22,141


For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2013, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows (in thousands):
 
Fair Value at
June 30, 2014
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
 
Significant
Unobservable
Input Value
Interest rate swap agreements
$
9,070

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Weighted average credit spreads
 
5.12
%

RSO is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value.  The fair value of short-term financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, principal paydown receivable, interest receivable, distribution payable and accrued interest expense approximates their carrying value on the consolidated balance sheets.  The fair value of RSO’s investment securities-trading is reported in section D. "Investment securities - trading" above. The fair value of RSO’s investment securities available-for-sale is reported in section E. "Investment securities available-for-sale" above. 
Loans held-for-investment:  The fair value of RSO’s Level 2 Loans held-for-investment was primarily measured using a third-party pricing service.  The fair value of RSO’s Level 3 Loans held-for-investment was measured by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.
Loans receivable-related party are estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.
CDO notes are valued using the dealer quotes, typically the dealer who underwrote the CDO in which the notes are held.
Junior subordinated notes are estimated by obtaining quoted prices for similar assets in active markets.
RSO elected the fair value option for Moselle, CLO when it consolidated it in 2014. RSO elected fair value for this externally managed CLO because the information it was able to obtain from the manager pointed to a fair value approach. RSO also considered that the assets are easily priced and liquid in nature. The Company recorded a gain of $1.3 million on the fair value of loans of Moselle CLO and a loss of $430,000 on the fair value of the notes of Moselle CLO as net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) on investment securities available-for-sale and loans for the the months ended June 30, 2014 on the consolidated statement of income. The interest income recorded to interest income- loans on the consolidated income statement and the interest expense recorded to interest expense on the consolidated income statement were calculated at the coupon rate. At June 30, 2014 there were no significant gains or losses for the assets or liabilities due to credit risk.
The fair values of RSO’s remaining financial instruments that are not reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets are reported in the following table (in thousands):
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets of Liabilities (Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held-for-investment (1)
$
1,740,656

 
$
1,732,134

 
$

 
$
704,319

 
$
1,027,815

Loans receivable-related party
$
4,751

 
$
4,751

 
$

 
$

 
$
4,751

CDO notes (2)
$
1,108,287

 
$
1,020,334

 
$

 
$
1,020,334

 
$

Junior subordinated notes
$
51,104

 
$
17,598

 
$

 
$

 
$
17,598

Repurchase agreements
$
312,893

 
$
312,893

 
$

 
$

 
$
312,893

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2013
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Loans held-for-investment
$
1,369,526

 
$
1,358,434

 
$

 
$
545,352

 
$
813,082

Loans receivable-related party
$
6,966

 
$
6,966

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,966

CDO notes
$
1,070,339

 
$
653,617

 
$

 
$
653,617

 
$

Junior subordinated notes
$
51,005

 
$
17,499

 
$

 
$

 
$
17,499

Repurchase agreements
$
77,304

 
$
77,304

 
$

 
$

 
$
77,304


 
(1)
Contains loans for which the fair value method was elected with an unpaid principal balance of $124.9 million and a fair value of $120.8 million at June 30, 2014.
(2)
Contains notes for which the fair value method was elected with an unpaid principal balance of $143.0 million and a fair value of $140.2 million at June 30, 2014.
RAI - Other VIEs
In March 2014, the Company made a payment under a guarantee on behalf of a VIE that it does not consolidate (see Note 17). As a result of the payment, the Company re-evaluated the VIE for consolidation and determined to exclude it on the basis of immateriality to the consolidated financial statements.
VIEs not consolidated
The Company’s investments in the structured finance entities that hold investments in trust preferred assets (the “Trapeza entities”) and asset-backed securities (the "Ischus entities”), and RREGPS were all determined to be VIEs that the Company does not consolidate as it does not have the obligation of, or right to, losses or earnings that would be significant to those entities.  The Company has not provided financial or other support to these VIEs and has no liabilities, contingent liabilities, or guarantees (implicit or explicit) related to these VIEs at June 30, 2014.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of the assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets that relate to the Company's variable interests in identified nonconsolidated VIEs and the Company's maximum exposure to loss associated with these VIEs in which it holds variable interests at June 30, 2014 (in thousands):
 
Receivables from
Managed Entities and Related
Parties, Net (1)
 
Investments
 
Maximum Exposure
to Loss in
Non-consolidated
VIEs
Ischus entities
$
158

 
$

 
$
158

Trapeza entities

 
678

 
678

   RREGPS

 
716

 
716

 
$
158

 
$
1,394

 
$
1,552

 
(1)
Exclusive of expense reimbursements due to the Company.