Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Significant Components of Company's Income Tax Provision from Continuing Operations

The more significant components of the Company’s income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Tax expense at federal statutory rate	$	895		$	371		$	326
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	23			(6		)	(6		)
Foreign income tax expense at different rates and foreign losses without tax benefits	(309		)	(122		)	(175		)
U.S. tax on foreign income	(407		)	(194		)	39
Reserve and valuation allowance adjustments	(164		)	—			(99		)
U.S. credits and incentives	(3		)	(14		)	(7		)
Impact of acquisitions and divestitures	571			163			—
Restructuring and impairment costs	65			28			—
Other	34			(29		)	(7		)
Income tax provision	$	705		$	197		$	71

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Beginning balance, October 1	$	1,706		$	1,052		$	1,493
Additions for tax positions related to the current year	613			442			329
Additions for tax positions of prior years	116			15			23
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(44		)	(66		)	(111		)
Settlements with taxing authorities	(95		)	(104		)	(541		)
Statute closings and audit resolutions	(264		)	(30		)	(141		)
Acquisition of business	141			397			—
Ending balance, September 30	$	2,173		$	1,706		$	1,052

Tax Jurisdictions and Years Currently under Audit Exam

In the U.S., fiscal years 2010 through 2014 are currently under exam by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for certain legal entities. Additionally, the Company is currently under exam in the following major non-U.S. jurisdictions for continuing operations:

Tax Jurisdiction	Tax Years Covered
Belgium	2015 - 2016
Brazil	2011 - 2012
Canada	2013 - 2014
China	2008 - 2016
France	2010 - 2015
Germany	2007 - 2015
Japan	2016
Spain	2010 - 2014
Switzerland	2011 - 2014
United Kingdom	2011 - 2014

Components of Provision for Income Taxes on Continuing Operations

Components of the provision for income taxes on continuing operations were as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2015
Current
Federal	$	(225	)	$	169		$	(688	)
State	(6		)	5			(33		)
Foreign	373			788			550
	142			962			(171		)
Deferred
Federal	593			(321		)	410
State	41			(15		)	(2		)
Foreign	(71		)	(429		)	(166		)
	563			(765		)	242
Income tax provision	$	705		$	197		$	71

Deferred Taxes Classified in Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

Deferred taxes were classified in the consolidated statements of financial position as follows (in millions):

	September 30,
	2017			2016
Other noncurrent assets	2,360			2,467
Other noncurrent liabilities	(1,733		)	(1,542		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	627		$	925

Temporary Differences and Carryforwards in Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities included (in millions):

	September 30,
	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets
Accrued expenses and reserves	$	891		$	1,175
Employee and retiree benefits	13			438
Net operating loss and other credit carryforwards	5,490			4,483
Research and development	188			85
Joint ventures and partnerships	—			49
Other	26			19
	6,608			6,249
Valuation allowances	(3,838		)	(3,400		)
	2,770			2,849
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	247			87
Subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships	789			—
Intangible assets	1,107			1,837
	2,143			1,924
Net deferred tax asset	$	627		$	925