Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Significant Components of Company's Income Tax Provision from Continuing Operations

The more significant components of the Company’s income tax provision from continuing operations are as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2016			2015			2014
Tax expense at federal statutory rate	$	555		$	753		$	671
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	3			(23		)	7
Foreign income tax expense at different rates and foreign losses without tax benefits	(190		)	(198		)	(196		)
U.S. tax on foreign income	(354		)	(203		)	(222		)
Reserve and valuation allowance adjustments	—			(99		)	34
U.S. credits and incentives	(20		)	(12		)	(9		)
Impact of transactions and business divestitures	2,149			354			71
Restructuring and impairment costs	126			52			75
Other	(31		)	(24		)	(24		)
Income tax provision	$	2,238		$	600		$	407

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2016			2015			2014
Beginning balance, October 1	$	1,159		$	1,607		$	1,302
Additions for tax positions related to the current year	465			329			315
Additions for tax positions of prior years	15			23			31
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(66		)	(118		)	(27		)
Settlements with taxing authorities	(104		)	(541		)	(9		)
Statute closings	(30		)	(18		)	(5		)
Audit resolutions	—			(123		)	—
Acquisition of business	397			—			—
Ending balance, September 30	$	1,836		$	1,159		$	1,607

Tax Jurisdictions and Years Currently under Audit Exam

In the U.S., fiscal years 2010 through 2014 are currently under exam by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and 2008 through 2009 are currently under IRS appeals. Additionally, the Company is currently under exam in the following major foreign jurisdictions:

Tax Jurisdiction	Tax Years Covered
Belgium	2011 - 2014
Brazil	2004 - 2008, 2011 - 2012
Canada	2012 - 2015
France	2010 - 2015
Germany	2007 - 2013
Italy	2006, 2011
Korea	2012 - 2015
Mexico	2009 - 2015
Poland	2015
Spain	2008 - 2014
United Kingdom	2011 - 2014

Components of Provision for Income Taxes on Continuing Operations

Components of the provision for income taxes on continuing operations were as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended September 30,
	2016			2015			2014
Current
Federal	$	1,975		$	(477	)	$	109
State	101			(21		)	15
Foreign	1,403			906			585
	3,479			408			709
Deferred
Federal	(523		)	201			(175		)
State	(51		)	(31		)	(6		)
Foreign	(667		)	22			(121		)
	(1,241		)	192			(302		)
Income tax provision	$	2,238		$	600		$	407

Deferred Taxes Classified in Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

Deferred taxes were classified in the consolidated statements of financial position as follows (in millions):

	September 30,
	2016			2015
Other noncurrent assets	2,905			1,873
Other noncurrent liabilities	(1,597		)	(391		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	1,308		$	1,482

Temporary Differences and Carryforwards in Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities included (in millions):

	September 30,
	2016			2015
Deferred tax assets
Accrued expenses and reserves	$	1,404		$	210
Employee and retiree benefits	515			270
Net operating loss and other credit carryforwards	4,668			2,471
Research and development	94			64
Joint ventures and partnerships	279			231
Other	35			16
	6,995			3,262
Valuation allowances	(3,564		)	(1,256		)
	3,431			2,006
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	113			124
Intangible assets	2,010			400
	2,123			524
Net deferred tax asset	$	1,308		$	1,482