Goodwill and intangibles

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as indefinite-lived trade names, are evaluated for impairment annually. Additionally, if events or conditions were to indicate the carrying value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable, the Company would evaluate the asset for impairment at that time. Impairment testing compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit or other intangible assets with its fair value. When the carrying amount of the reporting unit or other intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recorded.

Due to a sustained decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the 13 weeks ended May 5, 2018, the Company determined a triggering event had occurred that required an interim impairment assessment for all of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. As part of the assessment, it was determined that an increase in the discount rate applied in the valuation was required to align with market-based assumptions and company-specific risk. This higher discount rate, in conjunction with revised long-term projections associated with finalizing certain initial aspects of the Company’s Path to Brilliance transformation plan, resulted in lower than previously projected long-term future cash flows for the reporting units which negatively affected the valuation compared to previous valuations. As a result of the interim impairment assessment, the Company recognized pre-tax impairment charges totaling $448.7 million in the 13 weeks ended May 5, 2018.

Due to a continued decline in the Company’s market capitalization during the 13 weeks ended February 2, 2019, the Company determined a triggering event had occurred that required additional interim impairment assessments for its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company recognized additional pre-tax impairment charges totaling $286.7 million during the 13 weeks ended February 2, 2019 primarily related to revised long-term projections and a higher discount rate associated with James Allen.

Goodwill

During the first quarter of Fiscal 2019, the Company compared the fair value of each of its reporting units using a combination of discounted cash flow and guideline public company methodologies with their carrying value and concluded that a deficit existed. Accordingly, in the 13 weeks ended May 5, 2018, the Company recognized pre-tax impairment charges in operations of $308.8 million within its North America segment. Due to the second triggering event in the 13 weeks ended February 2, 2019 and using similar methodologies as the initial impairment assessment, the Company recognized additional pre-tax impairment charges in operations of $208.8 million and $3.6 million within its North America and Other segments, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill by reportable segment:



(in millions)	North America			Other			Total
Balance at February 3, 2018	$	818.1		$	3.6		$	821.7
Impairment	(517.6		)	(3.6		)	(521.2		)
Impact of foreign exchange and other adjustments ⁽¹⁾	(3.9		)	—			(3.9		)
Balance at February 2, 2019	296.6			—			296.6
Impact of foreign exchange and other adjustments	(0.2		)	—			(0.2		)
Balance at May 4, 2019	$	296.4		$	—		$	296.4


(1)	During the 13 weeks ended May 5, 2018, other adjustments include a purchase price accounting adjustment of $2.6 million related to a revised valuation of acquired intangible assets from the R2Net acquisition.

Intangibles

Definite-lived intangible assets include trade names and favorable lease agreements. Indefinite-lived intangible assets include trade names. Both definite and indefinite-lived assets are recorded within intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Intangible liabilities, net is comprised of unfavorable lease agreements and contracts and is recorded within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

In conjunction with the interim goodwill impairment tests during Fiscal 2019, the Company reviewed its indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment by calculating the fair values of the assets using the relief from royalty method and comparing the fair value to their respective carrying amounts. The interim impairment tests resulted in the determination that the fair values of indefinite-lived intangible assets related to certain Zales trade names were less than their carrying value. Accordingly, in the 13 weeks ended May 5, 2018, the Company recognized pre-tax impairment charges in operations of $139.9 million within its North America segment. Additionally, in conjunction with the interim goodwill impairment tests associated with the second triggering event in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2019, the Company determined that the fair values of indefinite-lived intangible assets related to trade names, primarily James Allen, were less than their carrying value. Accordingly, in the 13 weeks ended February 2, 2019, the Company recognized pre-tax impairment charges in operations of $74.3 million within its North America segment.

The following table provides additional detail regarding the composition of intangible assets and liabilities:



	May 4, 2019									February 2, 2019									May 5, 2018
(in millions)	Gross carrying amount			Accumulated amortization⁽¹⁾			Net carrying amount			Gross carrying amount			Accumulated amortization⁽¹⁾			Net carrying amount			Gross carrying amount			Accumulated amortization⁽¹⁾			Net carrying amount
Intangible assets, net:
Definite-lived intangible assets	$	53.0		$	(50.2	)	$	2.8		$	53.3		$	(50.1	)	$	3.2		$	53.5		$	(47.2	)	$	6.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	475.1			(213.8		)	261.3			475.9			(214.1		)	261.8			476.6			(139.7		)	336.9
Total intangible assets, net	$	528.1		$	(264.0	)	$	264.1		$	529.2		$	(264.2	)	$	265.0		$	530.1		$	(186.9	)	$	343.2

Intangible liabilities, net	$	(113.7	)	$	93.8		$	(19.9	)	$	(113.9	)	$	92.5		$	(21.4	)	$	(114.1	)	$	87.1		$	(27.0	)


(1)	Accumulated amortization amounts related to the indefinite-lived intangible assets represents accumulated impairment losses recorded to date.

During the second quarter of Fiscal 2020, the Company observed a general decline in the market valuation of the Company’s common shares which could impact the assumptions used to perform an evaluation of its indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill and trade names. As of the date of this report, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the reporting units and indefinite-lived trade names continues to exceed the carrying values. However, the Company will continue to monitor sales trends, interest rates, and other key inputs to the estimates of fair value. A further decline in the key inputs, especially sales trends used in the valuation of trade names, may result in an impairment charge.