Fair Value Measurements |
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Fair Value Measurements |
Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are measured and classified in accordance with a fair value
hierarchy consisting of three levels based on the observability of valuation inputs:
Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – Valuation methodologies include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical, quoted prices
for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or the Company may use various valuation techniques or pricing models that use observable inputs to measure fair value.
Level 3 – Valuation is based upon unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets
or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair
value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
The following table presents information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level
of the fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used the by Company to measure assets reported at fair value on a recurring basis. There have been
no significant changes in the valuation techniques utilized by the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Available for Sale Securities
Securities classified as available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Securities classified as Level 1 utilized fair value measurements based upon quoted market prices, when available. If quoted market prices are not available, the Company obtains fair value measurements from recently executed
transactions, market price quotations, benchmark yields and issuer spreads to value Level 2 securities. In certain instances where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements are estimated on a quarterly
basis where assumptions used are reviewed to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standard generally accepted in the United States.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
Equity securities consist of common stocks mainly in private equity investments, financial institutions and publicly traded corporations. Equity securities
for which there is sufficient market data are categorized as Level 1 or 2 in the fair value hierarchy. For the equity securities in which quoted market prices are not available, the Company uses industry standard pricing methodologies, including
discounted cash flow models that may incorporate various inputs such as payment expectations, risk of the investment, market data, and health of the underlying company. The inputs are based upon Management’s assumptions and available market
information. When evidence is believed to support a change to the carrying value from the transaction price, adjustments are made to reflect the expected cash flows, material events and market data. These investments are included in Level 3 of the
fair value hierarchy.
Equity Securities at Net Asset Value
Certain equity securities carried at fair value, which do not have readily determinable fair values, use net asset value (“NAV”) and are excluded from the
fair value hierarchy. These investments are generally not readily redeemable by the investee. See Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies for additional information regarding unfunded commitments.
Trading Securities
Trading securities are recorded at fair value. They are classified as Level 1
and utilize fair value measurements based upon quoted market prices.
Change in Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the changes in Level 3 equity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and equity securities measured at net
asset value, and the realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to the equity securities.
Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair values of positions classified in Level 3 in the tables above. As a result, the
unrealized gains (losses) on instruments held at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs.
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents information about the significant unobservable inputs used for recurring fair value measurements for certain Level 3
instruments, and include only those instruments for which information about the inputs is reasonably available to the Company, such as data from independent third-party valuation service providers and from internal valuation models.
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements
The significant unobservable inputs used in the determination of the fair value of assets classified as Level 3 have an inherent measurement uncertainty that
if changed could result in higher or lower fair value measurements of these assets as of the reporting date.
Equity Securities at Fair Value
Fair market value for equity securities is derived based on unobservable inputs, such as projected normalized revenues and industry standard multiples of
revenue for the equity securities valued using pricing model. Significant increases (decreases) in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Investments in Certain Entities Carried at Fair Value Using Net Asset Value per Share
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis. Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value hierarchy disclosure
when the investment is subject to re-measurement at fair value after initial recognition and the resulting re-measurement is reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company did not recognize any re-measurements or impairments
of financial instruments at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
Fair Value Information About Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value
Certain assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis. Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value hierarchy disclosure
when the investment is subject to re-measurement at fair value after initial recognition and the resulting re-measurement is reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not
measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:
The above estimated fair value amounts have been determined based upon the following valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment was required to interpret
market data in order to develop these estimates. Accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts which could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may
have a material effect on the fair value amounts.
The fair values of mortgage loans on real estate are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates being offered for similar loans to
borrowers with similar credit ratings. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our mortgage loans on real estate are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
A portion of the mortgage loans balance consists of discounted mortgage loans. The Company has historically purchased non-performing discounted mortgage
loans at a deep discount through an auction process led by the Federal Government. In general, the discounted loans are non-performing and there is a significant amount of uncertainty surrounding the timing and amount of cash flows to be received by
the Company. Accordingly, the Company records its investment in the discounted loans at its original purchase price, which Management believes approximates fair value. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our discounted mortgage loans are
classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Investment real estate is recorded at the lower of the net investment in the real estate or the fair value of the real estate less costs to sell. The
determination of fair value assessments are performed on a periodic, non-recurring basis by external appraisal and assessment of property values by Management. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our investment real estate are classified as
Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
The fair values of notes receivable are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates being offered for similar loans to borrowers with
similar credit ratings. The inputs used to measure the fair value of the notes receivable are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Policy loans are carried at the aggregate unpaid principal balances in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets which approximate fair value, and earn
interest at rates ranging from 4% to 8%.
Individual policy liabilities in all cases equal or exceed outstanding policy loan balances. The inputs used to measure the fair value of our policy loans are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
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