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Fair Value Option
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2012
Fair Value Option and Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]  
Fair Value Option

12.    Fair Value Option

 

We report our results to HSBC in accordance with its reporting basis, International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”). We have elected to apply fair value option accounting to selected financial instruments in most cases to align the measurement attributes of those instruments under U.S. GAAP and IFRSs and to simplify the accounting model applied to those financial instruments. We elected to apply fair value option (“FVO”) reporting to certain commercial loans including commercial leveraged acquisition finance loans and related unfunded commitments, certain fixed rate long-term debt issuances and hybrid instruments which include all structured notes and structured deposits. Changes in fair value for these assets and liabilities are reported as gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income.

Loans  We elected to apply FVO to all commercial leveraged acquisition finance loans held for sale and related unfunded commitments. The election allows us to account for these loans and commitments at fair value which is consistent with the manner in which the instruments are managed. As of June 30, 2012, commercial leveraged acquisition finance loans held for sale and related unfunded commitments of $411 million carried at fair value had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $448 million. As of December 31, 2011, commercial leveraged acquisition finance loans held for sale and related unfunded commitments of $377 million carried at fair value had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $448 million.

These loans are included in loans held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet. Interest from these loans is recorded as interest income in the consolidated statement of income. Because a substantial majority of the loans elected for the fair value option are floating rate assets, changes in their fair value are primarily attributable to changes in loan-specific credit risk factors. The components of gain (loss) related to loans designated at fair value are summarized in the table below. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, no loans for which the fair value option has been elected are 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual status.

Long-Term Debt (Own Debt Issuances)  We elected to apply FVO for certain fixed-rate long-term debt for which we had applied or otherwise would elect to apply fair value hedge accounting. The election allows us to achieve a similar accounting effect without meeting the rigorous hedge accounting requirements. We measure the fair value of these debt issuances based on inputs observed in the secondary market. Changes in fair value of these instruments are attributable to changes of our own credit risk and interest rates.

Fixed-rate debt accounted for under FVO at June 30, 2012 carried at a fair value of $1.8 billion and had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $1.8 billion. Fixed-rate debt accounted for under FVO at December 31, 2011 carried at a fair value of $1.7 billion and had an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $1.8 billion. Interest on the fixed-rate debt accounted for under FVO is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of income. The components of gain (loss) related to long-term debt designated at fair value are summarized in the table below.

Hybrid Instruments  We elected to apply fair value option accounting principles to all of our hybrid instruments, inclusive of structured notes and structured deposits, issued after January 1, 2006. As of June 30, 2012, interest bearing deposits in domestic offices included $9.9 billion of structured deposits accounted for under FVO which had an unpaid principal balance of $9.7 billion. As of December 31, 2011, interest bearing deposits in domestic offices included $9.8 billion of structured deposits accounted for under FVO which had an unpaid principal balance of $9.6 billion. Long-term debt at June 30, 2012 included structured notes of $5.0 billion accounted for under FVO which had an unpaid principal balance of $4.9 billion. Long-term debt at December 31, 2011 included structured notes of $3.4 billion accounted for under FVO which had an unpaid principal balance of $3.5 billion. Interest on this debt is recorded as interest expense in the consolidated statement of income. We enter into derivative contracts to offset our exposure to interest rate risk on these instruments. The components of gain (loss) related to hybrid instruments designated at fair value which reflect the instruments described above are summarized in the table below.

Components of Gain on Instruments at Fair Value and Related Derivatives  Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives includes the changes in fair value related to both interest and credit risk as well as the mark-to-market adjustment on derivatives related to the debt designated at fair value and net realized gains or losses on these derivatives. The components of gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives related to the changes in fair value of fixed rate debt accounted for under FVO are as follows:

 

                                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2012     2011  
     Loans    

Long-

Term

Debt

   

Hybrid

Instruments

    Total     Loans    

Long-

Term

Debt

   

Hybrid

Instruments

    Total  
    (in millions)  

Interest rate component

  $ -     $ (123   $ 74     $ (49   $ (1   $ (52   $ (192   $ (245

Credit risk component

    2       131       (56     77       (15     36       23       44  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value

    2       8       18       28       (16     (16     (169     (201

Net realized gains on the financial instrument

    -       -       -       -       (2     -       -       (2

Mark-to-market on the related derivatives

    -       142       (44     98       (1     55       174       228  

Net realized gain (losses) on the related derivatives

    -       15       -       15       -       15       -       15  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives

  $ 2     $ 165     $ (26   $ 141     $ (19   $ 54     $ 5     $ 40  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2012     2011  
     Loans    

Long-

Term

Debt

   

Hybrid

Instruments

    Total     Loans    

Long-

Term

Debt

   

Hybrid

Instruments

    Total  
    (in millions)  

Interest rate component

  $ 1     $ (40   $ (355   $ (394   $ (2   $ (16   $ (311   $ (329

Credit risk component

    34       (90     (23     (79     16       7       38       61  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total mark-to-market on financial instruments designated at fair value

    35       (130     (378     (473     14       (9     (273     (268

Net realized gains on the financial instrument

    (1     -       -       (1     2       -       -       2  

Mark-to-market on the related derivatives

    -       27       345       372       (1     16       280       295  

Net realized gain (losses) on the related long-term debt derivatives

    -       31       -       31       -       32       -       32  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives

  $ 34     $ (72   $ (33   $ (71   $ 15     $ 39     $ 7     $ 61