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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value. Unless otherwise noted below, assets and liabilities in the following table are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).
 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2021Level 1Level 2Level 3Gross
Balance
Netting(6)
Net
Balance
 (in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises$2,337 $432 $ $2,769 $ $2,769 
Debt securities issued by foreign entities134 33  167  167 
Equity securities15,795   15,795  15,795 
Precious metals trading 3,907  3,907  3,907 
Derivatives:(1)
Interest rate contracts8 1,839 1 1,848  1,848 
Foreign exchange contracts 11,350  11,350  11,350 
Equity contracts 1,845 213 2,058  2,058 
Precious metals contracts4 936  940  940 
Credit contracts 28  28  28 
Other contracts(2)
  5 5  5 
Derivatives netting    (14,788)(14,788)
Total derivatives12 15,998 219 16,229 (14,788)1,441 
Securities available-for-sale:(3)
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises10,817 22,049  32,866  32,866 
Asset-backed securities:
Home equity  19 19  19 
Other  101 101  101 
Debt securities issued by foreign entities2,201 111  2,312  2,312 
Loans held for sale(4)
 48  48  48 
Other assets:
Mortgage servicing rights  16 16  16 
Equity securities 144  144  144 
Equity securities measured at net asset value(5)
   138  138 
Total assets$31,296 $42,722 $355 $74,511 $(14,788)$59,723 
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(4)
$ $2,214 $535 $2,749 $ $2,749 
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives1,103 46  1,149  1,149 
Derivatives:(1)
Interest rate contracts10 1,888 1 1,899  1,899 
Foreign exchange contracts 11,124 2 11,126  11,126 
Equity contracts 1,194 167 1,361  1,361 
Precious metals contracts 779  779  779 
Credit contracts 80 2 82  82 
Other contracts(2)
  38 38  38 
Derivatives netting    (13,287)(13,287)
Total derivatives10 15,065 210 15,285 (13,287)1,998 
Long-term debt(4)
 7,089 1,853 8,942  8,942 
Total liabilities$1,113 $24,414 $2,598 $28,125 $(13,287)$14,838 
 Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2020Level 1Level 2Level 3Gross
Balance
Netting(6)
Net
Balance
 (in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises$5,145 $192 $— $5,337 $— $5,337 
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized debt obligations— 63 — 63 — 63 
Residential mortgages— — 15 15 — 15 
Student loans— 65 — 65 — 65 
Debt securities issued by foreign entities7,953 18 — 7,971 — 7,971 
Equity securities6,043 — — 6,043 — 6,043 
Precious metals trading— 4,989 — 4,989 — 4,989 
Derivatives:(1)
Interest rate contracts15 6,637 35 6,687 — 6,687 
Foreign exchange contracts— 18,452 15 18,467 — 18,467 
Equity contracts— 5,051 565 5,616 — 5,616 
Precious metals contracts— 1,323 — 1,323 — 1,323 
Credit contracts— 298 69 367 — 367 
Other contracts(2)
— — — 
Derivatives netting— — — — (29,616)(29,616)
Total derivatives15 31,761 692 32,468 (29,616)2,852 
Securities available-for-sale:(3)
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises22,880 12,528 — 35,408 — 35,408 
Asset-backed securities:
Home equity— — 27 27 — 27 
Other— — 104 104 — 104 
Debt securities issued by foreign entities1,942 3,191 — 5,133 — 5,133 
Loans(4)
— 32 — 32 — 32 
Loans held for sale(4)
— 36 — 36 — 36 
Other assets:
Mortgage servicing rights— — — 
Equity securities— 149 — 149 — 149 
Equity securities measured at net asset value(5)
— — — 135 — 135 
Total assets$43,978 $53,024 $845 $97,982 $(29,616)$68,366 
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(4)
$— $3,509 $646 $4,155 $— $4,155 
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives727 2,312 — 3,039 — 3,039 
Derivatives:(1)
Interest rate contracts6,615 6,625 — 6,625 
Foreign exchange contracts— 18,597 18,603 — 18,603 
Equity contracts— 3,845 446 4,291 — 4,291 
Precious metals contracts28 1,550 — 1,578 — 1,578 
Credit contracts— 291 297 — 297 
Other contracts(2)
— — 67 67 — 67 
Derivatives netting— — — — (28,914)(28,914)
Total derivatives37 30,898 526 31,461 (28,914)2,547 
Long-term debt(4)
— 10,277 448 10,725 — 10,725 
Total liabilities$764 $46,996 $1,620 $49,380 $(28,914)$20,466 
(1)Includes trading derivative assets of $1,405 million and $2,801 million and trading derivative liabilities of $1,874 million and $2,358 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as well as derivatives held for hedging and commitments accounted for as derivatives. See Note 16, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information. Excluding changes in fair value of a derivative instrument associated with a qualifying cash flow hedge, which are recognized initially in other comprehensive income (loss), derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).
(2)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.
(3)Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale are recorded through net income (loss).
(4)See Note 17, "Fair Value Option," for additional information. Excluding the fair value movement on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), fair value option assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).
(5)Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(6)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting which allow the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.
Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities The following table summarizes additional information about changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities during 2021 and 2020. As a risk management practice, we may risk manage the Level 3 assets and liabilities, in whole or in part, using securities and derivative positions that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Since those Level 1 and Level 2 risk management positions are not included in the table below, the information provided does not reflect the effect of such risk management activities related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities.
Jan. 1,
2021
Total Realized / Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included in
Purch-
ases
Issu-
ances
Settle-
ments
Transfers
Into
Level 3
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
Dec. 31,
2021
Current Period Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Still Held Included in
EarningsOther Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss)
EarningsOther Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss)
 (in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:(1)
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities
$15 $9 $ $ $ $ $ $(24)$ $ $ 
Derivatives, net:(2)
Interest rate contracts
34 (34)       (4) 
Foreign exchange contracts
9 (11)      (2)  
Equity contracts119 (214)   84 (27)84 46 14  
Credit contracts63 (65)      (2)(2) 
Other contracts(3)
(59)(2)   28   (33)  
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(4)
131  (3)  (8)  120  (3)
Mortgage servicing rights(5)
7    9    16   
Total assets$319 $(317)$(3)$ $9 $104 $(27)$60 $145 $8 $(3)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(6)
$(646)$(16)$2 $ $ $184 $(151)$92 $(535)$(16)$2 
Long-term debt(6)
(448)(35)  (1,732)408 (100)54 (1,853)(13) 
Total liabilities$(1,094)$(51)$2 $ $(1,732)$592 $(251)$146 $(2,388)$(29)$2 
Jan. 1,
2020
Total Realized / Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Included in
Purch-
ases
Issu-
ances
Settle-
ments
Transfers
Into
Level 3
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
Dec. 31,
2020
Current Period
Unrealized Gains
(Losses) Still Held
Included in
EarningsOther Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss)
EarningsOther Compre-
hensive
Income (Loss)
 (in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:(1)
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities
$17 $(2)$— $— $— $— $— $— $15 $(2)$— 
Corporate and other domestic debt securities
510 (13)— — — (497)— — — — — 
Derivatives, net:(2)
Interest rate contracts
10 23 — — — — — 34 23 — 
Foreign exchange contracts
(1)(1)— — — — 11 — (1)— 
Equity contracts72 129 — — — (47)(37)119 147 — 
Credit contracts59 — — — (3)— — 63 (7)— 
Other contracts(3)
(75)(9)— — — 25 — — (59)— — 
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale(4)
111 — (9)— — 28 — 131 — (9)
Mortgage servicing rights(5)
(2)— — — — — (2)— 
Total assets$707 $132 $(9)$— $$(521)$$$319 $158 $(9)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits(6)
$(774)$(15)$(2)$— $(43)$125 $— $63 $(646)$(20)$(2)
Long-term debt(6)
(354)(12)— — (262)159 (1)22 (448)(30)— 
Total liabilities$(1,128)$(27)$(2)$— $(305)$284 $(1)$85 $(1,094)$(50)$(2)
(1)Gains (losses) on trading assets, excluding derivatives are included in trading revenue in the consolidated statement of income (loss).
(2)Level 3 net derivatives included derivative assets of $219 million and derivative liabilities of $210 million at December 31, 2021 and derivative assets of $692 million and derivative liabilities of $526 million at December 31, 2020. Gains (losses) on derivatives, net are predominantly included in trading revenue and gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income (loss).
(3)Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares. Gains (losses) on these swap agreements are included in other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income (loss).
(4)Realized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other securities gains, net in the consolidated statement of income (loss). Changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale are included in the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statement of income (loss). Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other comprehensive income (loss).
(5)Gain (losses) on mortgage servicing rights are included in other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income (loss).
(6)Excluding unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities are included in gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income (loss).
Quantitative Information about Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Classified as Level 3
The following table presents quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used to determine the recurring fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2021
Financial Instrument TypeFair Value (in millions)Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange of Inputs
Weighted Average(1)
Interest rate derivative contracts$ Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, discounted cash flows or option pricing modelProbability to fund for rate lock commitments
36% - 99%
83%
Interest rate yield curve
8%
N/A
Foreign exchange derivative contracts(2)
$(2)Option pricing modelImplied volatility of currency pairs
0% - 9%
6%
Cross-currency basis
(86)bps
N/A
Equity derivative contracts(2)
$46 Option pricing modelEquity / Equity Index volatility
8% - 85%
40%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
44% - 98%
81%
Equity dividend yields and forward price
(4)% - 1%
0%
Credit derivative contracts$(2)Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flowsCredit default swap spreads
76bps - 325bps
234bps
Other derivative contracts$(33)Discounted cash flowsConversion rate1.6 timesN/A
Expected duration1.0 yearN/A
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale$120 Discounted cash flowsMarket assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments
3% - 4%
3%
Mortgage servicing rights$16 Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rates
10% - 16%
12%
Discount rate
8% - 13%
8%
Estimated annualized costs to service
$72 - $85 per account
$75 per account
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)
$(535)Option adjusted discounted cash flowsEquity / Equity Index volatility
8% - 21%
15%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
49% - 85%
62%
Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)
$(1,853)Option adjusted discounted cash flowsImplied volatility of currency pairs
0% - 9%
6%
Equity / Equity Index volatility
8% - 71%
31%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
44% - 98%
82%
Credit default swap spreads798bpsN/A
December 31, 2020
Financial Instrument TypeFair Value (in millions)Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange of Inputs
Weighted Average(1)
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities
$15 Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flowsPrepayment rates10%N/A
Conditional default rates5%N/A
Loss severity rates65%N/A
Discount margin500bpsN/A
Interest rate derivative contracts
$34 Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, discounted cash flows or option pricing modelProbability to fund for rate lock commitments
41% - 100%
78%
Likelihood of transaction being executed90%N/A
Interest rate yield curve
4% - 7%
6%
Foreign exchange derivative contracts(2)
$Option pricing modelImplied volatility of currency pairs
9% - 11%
10%
Cross-currency basis
(9)bps - 40bps
24bps
Equity derivative contracts(2)
$119 Option pricing modelEquity / Equity Index volatility
0% - 67%
27%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
17% - 62%
30%
Equity dividend yields and forward price
(1)% - 0%
0%
Credit derivative contracts$63 Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flowsCredit default swap spreads150bpsN/A
Other derivative contracts$(59)Discounted cash flowsConversion rate1.6 timesN/A
Expected duration2 yearsN/A
Asset-backed securities available-for-sale
$131 Discounted cash flowsMarket assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments
4%
N/A
Mortgage servicing rights$Discounted cash flowsConstant prepayment rates
17% - 26%
19%
Discount rate
9% - 10%
9%
Estimated annualized costs to service
$73 - $157 per account
$76 per account
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(2)(3)
$(646)Option adjusted discounted cash flowsImplied volatility of currency pairs
9% - 11%
10%
Equity / Equity Index volatility
0% - 42%
15%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
43% - 47%
45%
Long-term debt (structured notes)(2)(3)
$(448)Option adjusted discounted cash flowsImplied volatility of currency pairs
9% - 11%
10%
Equity / Equity Index volatility
0% - 67%
23%
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
32% - 62%
52%
(1)For foreign exchange derivatives, equity derivatives, credit derivatives, structured deposits and structured notes, weighted averages are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments. For all remaining instrument types, weighted averages are calculated based on the notional value of the instruments.
(2)We are the client-facing entity and, except for structured notes and deposits with embedded credit derivative features, we enter into identical but opposite derivatives to transfer the resultant risks to our affiliates. With the exception of counterparty credit risks, we are market risk neutral in substantially all of the structured notes and deposits. The corresponding intra-group derivatives are presented as equity derivatives and foreign exchange derivatives in the table.
(3)Structured deposits and structured notes contain embedded derivative features whose fair value measurements contain significant Level 3 inputs. See equity and foreign exchange derivatives and credit derivatives below for a discussion of the uncertainty of Level 3 inputs related to structured deposits and structured notes.
N/A Not Applicable
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non Recurring Basis The following table presents the fair value hierarchy level within which the fair value of the financial and non-financial assets has been recorded at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The gains (losses) during 2021 and 2020 are also included.
 Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2021
Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
  
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (in millions)
Consumer loans held for sale(1)
$ $24 $1,742 $1,766 $(12)
Consumer loans(2)
 102  102 10 
Commercial loans held for sale(3)
 75 68 143 (17)
Commercial loans(4)
  186 186 60 
Leases(5)
  5 5 (103)
Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$ $201 $2,001 $2,202 $(62)
 Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2020
Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
  
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (in millions)
Consumer loans held for sale(1)
$— $$— $$— 
Consumer loans(2)
— 312 — 312 18 
Commercial loans held for sale(3)
— 68 — 68 (23)
Commercial loans(4)
— — 270 270 (169)
Real estate owned(6)
— — 
Goodwill(7)
— — — — (784)
Leases(5)
— — (92)
Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$— $385 $273 $658 $(1,048)
(1)At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. During 2021, certain consumer loans were transferred to held for sale for which significant inputs in estimating fair value were unobservable.
(2)Represents residential mortgage loans held for investment whose carrying amount was adjusted during the period based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(3)At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. During the second quarter of 2021, certain commercial loans were transferred to held for sale for which significant inputs in estimating fair value were unobservable.
(4)Certain commercial loans are individually assessed for impairment. We measure the credit impairment of a collateral-dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral asset. The collateral often involves real estate properties that are illiquid due to market conditions. As a result, these loans are classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
(5)During the second quarter of 2021, we determined that we would exit certain branches and, as a result, the lease ROU assets, leasehold improvement assets and equipment assets associated with these branches were written off. During 2021, we also wrote down the lease ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets primarily associated with certain office space that we determined we would exit. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2021, we transferred one of our owned office space properties to held for sale and, as a result, its carrying amount was written down to an estimated fair value of $5 million. During 2020, we determined that we would exit certain branches and, as a result, the lease ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets associated with these branches were written down based on their estimated remaining useful lives. During 2020, we also wrote down the lease ROU assets associated with certain office space that we determined we would exit. See Note 3, "Strategic Initiatives," and Note 12, "Leases", for further discussion.
(6)Real estate owned is required to be reported on the balance sheet net of transactions costs. The real estate owned amounts in the table above reflect the fair value unadjusted for transaction costs.
(7)During 2020, the goodwill allocated to our previously separate RBWM and PB businesses were both written down to $0 million. See Note 11, "Goodwill," for further discussion of the results of our goodwill impairment testing, including the events and circumstances leading to the impairments.
Quantitative Information about Non Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present quantitative information about non-recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities classified with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
At December 31, 2021
Financial Instrument TypeFair Value (in millions)Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange of Inputs
Weighted Average(1)
Consumer loans held for sale$1,742 Market comparables and internal assumptionsAdjusted market price
10% - 100%
98%
Commercial loans held for sale68 Market comparables and internal assumptionsAdjusted market price
94%
N/A
Commercial loans186 Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral
Loss severity rates
2% - 76%
23%
At December 31, 2020
Financial Instrument TypeFair Value (in millions)Valuation Technique(s)Significant Unobservable InputsRange of Inputs
Weighted Average(1)
Commercial loans$270 Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral
Loss severity rates
0% - 76%
35%
(1)Weighted average is calculated based on the carrying value of the loans.
N/A Not Applicable
Additional Information Relating to Asset-Backed Securities and Collateralized Debt Obligations
The following tables provide additional information relating to our available-for-sale asset-backed securities at December 31, 2021:
Rating of Securities:(1)
Collateral Type:Level 3
  (in millions)
AAA - AHome equity - Alt A$19 
BBB - BOther101 
$120 
(1)We utilize S&P as the primary source of credit ratings in the tables above. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order.
Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy:
December 31, 2021Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3
 (in millions)
Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses $48,404 $48,404 $954 $47,400 $50 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell
10,514 10,514  10,514  
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses 5,203 5,359  5,359  
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses
39,376 39,862   39,862 
Commercial loans held for sale438 443  359 84 
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses
16,041 15,672   15,672 
Consumer loans held for sale3,731 3,809  77 3,732 
Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities$6,389 $6,389 $ $6,338 $51 
Deposits131,533 131,533  131,533  
Deposits held for sale8,750 8,750  8,750  
Long-term debt8,294 8,861  8,861  
December 31, 2020Carrying
Value
Fair
Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3
 (in millions)
Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets, net of allowance for credit losses$15,667 $15,667 $1,302 $14,353 $12 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell
35,746 35,746 — 35,746 — 
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses8,981 9,369 — 9,369 — 
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses40,785 41,417 — — 41,417 
Commercial loans held for sale93 93 — 93 — 
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses20,256 19,865 — — 19,865 
Consumer loans held for sale208 217 — 217 — 
Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities$4,965 $4,965 $— $4,952 $13 
Deposits140,995 141,001 — 141,001 — 
Long-term debt9,254 9,720 — 9,720 —