The following tables and discussions below present the more significant related party balances and the income (expense) generated by related party transactions:



At December 31,	2019		2018
	(in millions)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	850	$	245
Interest bearing deposits with banks	40		1,000
Securities purchased under agreements to resell⁽¹⁾	4,600		—
Trading assets	79		102
Loans	2,343		2,274
Other⁽²⁾	456		169
Total assets	$	8,368	$	3,790
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	9,000	$	12,000
Trading liabilities	293		349
Short-term borrowings	1,166		638
Long-term debt	7,848		7,845
Other⁽²⁾	931		333
Total liabilities	$	19,238	$	21,165


⁽¹⁾	Reflects purchases of securities under which other HSBC affiliates have agreed to repurchase.


⁽²⁾	Other assets and other liabilities primarily consist of derivative balances associated with hedging activities and other miscellaneous account receivables and payables.



Year Ended December 31,	2019			2018			2017
	(in millions)
Income (Expense):
Interest income	$	168		$	107		$	65
Interest expense	(538		)	(367		)	(267		)
Net interest expense	(370		)	(260		)	(202		)
Trading revenue (expense)	(2,669		)	1,370			(615		)
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates:
HSBC Bank plc	171			176			154
HSBC Markets (USA) Inc. ("HMUS")	111			112			71
Other HSBC affiliates	72			68			123
Total servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	354			356			348
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	1,986			(1,052		)	1,108
Support services from HSBC affiliates:
HSBC Technology & Services (USA) ("HTSU")	(1,153		)	(1,198		)	(1,165		)
HMUS	(100		)	(105		)	(121		)
Other HSBC affiliates	(385		)	(300		)	(263		)
Total support services from HSBC affiliates	(1,638		)	(1,603		)	(1,549		)
Rental income from HSBC affiliates, net⁽¹⁾	55			48			54
Stock based compensation expense⁽²⁾	(25		)	(25		)	(31		)


⁽¹⁾	We receive rental income from our affiliates, and in some cases pay rental expense to our affiliates, for rent on certain office space. Net rental income from our affiliates is recorded as a component of occupancy expense, net in our consolidated statement of income (loss).

⁽²⁾

Employees may participate in one or more stock compensation plans sponsored by HSBC. These expenses are included in salaries and employee benefits in our consolidated statement of income (loss). Certain employees are also eligible to participate in a defined benefit pension plan and other postretirement plans sponsored by HSBC North America which are discussed in Note 21, "Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits."