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Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses and Related Loan Balance by Product (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Jun. 30, 2018
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period $ 583 $ 599 $ 541 $ 681      
Provision charged (credited) to income 46 (45) 104 (116)      
Charge offs (23) (50) (44) (91)      
Recoveries 7 27 12 57      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (16) (23) (32) (34)      
Balance at end of period 613 531 613 531      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         $ 586   $ 481
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         27   50
Total allowances for credit losses 583 599 541 681 613 $ 541 531
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         71,349   64,958
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         267   507
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         862   934
Total loans         72,478 68,978 66,399
Commercial Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         52,745 49,342  
Commercial Loans [Member] | Real Estate, Including Construction [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 119 92 116 82      
Provision charged (credited) to income 30 (4) 33 6      
Charge offs 0 0 0 0      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Balance at end of period 149 88 149 88      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         147   87
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         2   1
Total allowances for credit losses 119 92 116 82 149 116 88
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         11,700   11,234
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   11
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         11,704 11,344 11,245
Commercial Loans [Member] | Business and Corporate Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 239 207 219 244      
Provision charged (credited) to income 13 (27) 35 (61)      
Charge offs (2) (6) (4) (31)      
Recoveries 1 22 1 44      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) 16 (3) 13      
Balance at end of period 251 196 251 196      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         230   169
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         21   27
Total allowances for credit losses 239 207 219 244 251 219 196
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         14,209   11,852
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         101   257
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         14,310 13,066 12,109
Commercial Loans [Member] | Global Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 122 211 108 264      
Provision charged (credited) to income (9) (25) 5 (74)      
Charge offs (3) (32) (3) (37)      
Recoveries 0 0 0 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (3) (32) (3) (36)      
Balance at end of period 110 154 110 154      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         110   139
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   15
Total allowances for credit losses 122 211 108 264 110 108 154
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         20,795   18,704
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         101   173
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         20,896 [3] 20,167 [3] 18,877
Commercial Loans [Member] | Other Commercial [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 15 19 15 18      
Provision charged (credited) to income (6) 0 (6) 1      
Charge offs 0 0 0 0      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Balance at end of period 9 19 9 19      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         9   19
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses 15 19 15 18 9 15 19
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         5,835   4,612
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         0   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         5,835 [4] 4,765 [4] 4,612
Consumer Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         19,733 19,636  
Consumer Loans [Member] | Residential Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 10 18 13 25      
Provision charged (credited) to income 1 (4) 0 (14)      
Charge offs (3) (1) (7) (1)      
Recoveries 3 2 5 5      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 1 (2) 4      
Balance at end of period 11 15 11 15      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         8   10
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         3   5
Total allowances for credit losses 10 18 13 25 11 13 15
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         16,559   16,397
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         53   59
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         809   870
Total loans         17,421 17,383 17,326
Consumer Loans [Member] | Home Equity Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 8 10 7 11      
Provision charged (credited) to income (1) 0 0 (1)      
Charge offs (1) (2) (2) (4)      
Recoveries 1 1 2 3      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (1) 0 (1)      
Balance at end of period 7 9 7 9      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         7   8
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   1
Total allowances for credit losses 8 10 7 11 7 7 9
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         854   1,019
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   3
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         53   64
Total loans         911 982 1,086
Consumer Loans [Member] | Credit Cards [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 63 38 58 32      
Provision charged (credited) to income 19 13 35 25      
Charge offs (12) (7) (25) (15)      
Recoveries 1 1 3 3      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (11) (6) (22) (12)      
Balance at end of period 71 45 71 45      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         70   44
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 63 38 58 32 71 58 45
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         1,125   837
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   4
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         1,129 1,019 841
Consumer Loans [Member] | Other consumer [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 7 4 5 5      
Provision charged (credited) to income (1) 2 2 2      
Charge offs (2) (2) (3) (3)      
Recoveries 1 1 1 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) (1) (2) (2)      
Balance at end of period 5 5 5 5      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         5   5
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses $ 7 $ 4 $ 5 $ 5 5 5 5
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         272   303
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         0   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         $ 272 $ 252 $ 303
[1] Other commercial includes loans to HSBC affiliates totaling $3,096 million and $1,895 million at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for which we do not carry an associated allowance for credit losses
[2] For consumer loans and certain small business loans, these amounts represent TDR Loans for which we evaluate reserves using a discounted cash flow methodology. Each loan is individually identified as a TDR Loan and then grouped together with other TDR Loans with similar characteristics. The discounted cash flow analysis is then applied to these groups of TDR Loans. Loans individually evaluated for impairment exclude TDR Loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell which totaled $584 million and $635 million at June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
[3] Represents large multinational firms including globally focused U.S. corporate and financial institutions, U.S. dollar lending to multinational banking clients managed by HSBC on a global basis and complex large business clients supported by Global Banking and Markets relationship managers.
[4] Includes loans to HSBC affiliates which totaled $3,096 million and $2,274 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. See Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.