Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value. Unless otherwise noted below, assets and liabilities in the following table are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).



	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2018	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting⁽⁸⁾			Net Balance
	(in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	5,368		152		—		5,520		—			5,520
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		100		100		—			100
Residential mortgages	—		—		16		16		—			16
Student loans	—		—		92		92		—			92
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	—		—		1,803		1,803		—			1,803
Debt securities issued by foreign entities	8,552		207		—		8,759		—			8,759
Equity securities	751		—		—		751		—			751
Precious metals trading	—		1,889		—		1,889		—			1,889
Derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Interest rate contracts	2		10,053		2		10,057		—			10,057
Foreign exchange contracts	—		15,919		2		15,921		—			15,921
Equity contracts	—		2,449		97		2,546		—			2,546
Precious metals contracts	16		829		—		845		—			845
Credit contracts	—		883		73		956		—			956
Other contracts⁽²⁾	—		—		5		5		—			5
Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(27,192		)	(27,192		)
Total derivatives	18		30,133		179		30,330		(27,192		)	3,138
Securities available-for-sale:⁽³⁾
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	16,198		11,699		—		27,897		—			27,897
Asset-backed securities:
Home equity	—		42		—		42		—			42
Other	—		—		107		107		—			107
Debt securities issued by foreign entities	2,362		971		—		3,333		—			3,333
Loans⁽⁴⁾	—		109		—		109		—			109
Other assets:
Equity securities⁽⁵⁾	—		190		—		190		—			190
Equity Securities measured at net asset value⁽⁵⁾⁽⁶⁾	—		—		—		88		—			88
Other⁽⁷⁾	—		—		4		4		—			4
Total assets	$	33,249	$	45,392	$	2,301	$	81,030	$	(27,192	)	$	53,838
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits⁽⁴⁾	$	—	$	7,229	$	925	$	8,154	$	—		$	8,154
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	738		215		—		953		—			953
Derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Interest rate contracts	45		11,140		—		11,185		—			11,185
Foreign exchange contracts	15		15,715		3		15,733		—			15,733
Equity contracts	—		2,717		149		2,866		—			2,866
Precious metals contracts	274		626		—		900		—			900
Credit contracts	—		926		21		947		—			947
Other contracts⁽²⁾	—		—		40		40		—			40
Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(28,847		)	(28,847		)
Total derivatives	334		31,124		213		31,671		(28,847		)	2,824
Short-term borrowings⁽⁴⁾	—		560		—		560		—			560
Long-term debt⁽⁴⁾	—		10,837		412		11,249		—			11,249
Total liabilities	$	1,072	$	49,965	$	1,550	$	52,587	$	(28,847	)	$	23,740



	Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2017	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Gross Balance		Netting⁽⁸⁾			Net Balance
	(in millions)
Assets:
Securities purchased under agreements to resell⁽⁴⁾	$	—	$	80	$	—	$	80	$	—		$	80
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	3,391		332		—		3,723		—			3,723
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized debt obligations	—		—		129		129		—			129
Residential mortgages	—		16		—		16		—			16
Student loans	—		91		—		91		—			91
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	—		—		1,803		1,803		—			1,803
Debt securities issued by foreign entities	4,167		210		—		4,377		—			4,377
Equity securities⁽⁵⁾	—		12		—		12		—			12
Precious metals trading	—		2,274		—		2,274		—			2,274
Derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Interest rate contracts	6		24,231		—		24,237		—			24,237
Foreign exchange contracts	4		15,754		2		15,760		—			15,760
Equity contracts	—		3,911		173		4,084		—			4,084
Precious metals contracts	52		502		—		554		—			554
Credit contracts	—		536		120		656		—			656
Other contracts⁽²⁾	—		—		6		6		—			6
Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(40,874		)	(40,874		)
Total derivatives	62		44,934		301		45,297		(40,874		)	4,423
Securities available-for-sale:⁽³⁾
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises	19,056		10,004		—		29,060		—			29,060
Asset-backed securities:
Home equity	—		51		—		51		—			51
Other	—		399		111		510		—			510
Debt securities issued by foreign entities	850		52		—		902		—			902
Equity securities⁽⁵⁾	—		177		—		177		—			177
Loans⁽⁴⁾	—		471		—		471		—			471
Other assets⁽⁷⁾	—		—		15		15		—			15
Total assets	$	27,526	$	59,103	$	2,359	$	88,988	$	(40,874	)	$	48,114
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits⁽⁴⁾	$	—	$	6,796	$	897	$	7,693	$	—		$	7,693
Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives	1,722		524		—		2,246		—			2,246
Derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Interest rate contracts	59		24,379		—		24,438		—			24,438
Foreign exchange contracts	—		14,664		2		14,666		—			14,666
Equity contracts	—		2,859		92		2,951		—			2,951
Precious metals contracts	108		614		—		722		—			722
Credit contracts	—		578		6		584		—			584
Other contracts⁽²⁾	—		—		52		52		—			52
Derivatives netting	—		—		—		—		(40,217		)	(40,217		)
Total derivatives	167		43,094		152		43,413		(40,217		)	3,196
Short-term borrowings⁽⁴⁾	—		2,032		—		2,032		—			2,032
Long-term debt⁽⁴⁾	—		12,245		641		12,886		—			12,886
Total liabilities	$	1,889	$	64,691	$	1,690	$	68,270	$	(40,217	)	$	28,053

⁽¹⁾

Includes trading derivative assets of $3,048 million and $3,725 million and trading derivative liabilities of $2,690 million and $2,633 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as derivatives held for hedging and commitments accounted for as derivatives. See Note 14, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information. Excluding changes in fair value of a derivative instrument associated with the effective portion of a qualifying cash flow hedge, which is recognized initially in other comprehensive income (loss), derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).


⁽²⁾	Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.


⁽³⁾	Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value through other comprehensive income (loss).


⁽⁴⁾	See Note 15, "Fair Value Option," for additional information. Excluding the fair value movement on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), fair value option assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value through net income (loss).


⁽⁵⁾	See Note 4, "Securities," and Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Pronouncements," for additional information. The adoption of new accounting guidance resulted in a reclassification of certain equity investments to other assets as of January 1, 2018.


⁽⁶⁾	Investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.


⁽⁷⁾	Represents contingent consideration receivable associated with the sale of a portion of our Private Banking business.


⁽⁸⁾	Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting which allow the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.

Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes additional information about changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities during 2018 and 2017. As a risk management practice, we may risk manage the Level 3 assets and liabilities, in whole or in part, using securities and derivative positions that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Since those Level 1 and Level 2 risk management positions are not included in the table below, the information provided does not reflect the effect of such risk management activities related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities.



	Jan. 1, 2018			Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in						Purch- ases		Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3		Dec. 31, 2018			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses)
	Jan. 1, 2018			Earnings			Other Compre-hensive Income (Loss)			Purch- ases		Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3		Dec. 31, 2018			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses)
	(in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Collateralized debt obligations	$	129		$	13		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(42	)	$	—		$	—	$	100		$	10
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities	—			—			—			—		—			—			16			—		16			—
Student loan asset-backed securities	—			—			—			—		—			—			92			—		92			—
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	1,803			—			—			—		—			—			—			—		1,803			—
Derivatives, net:⁽²⁾
Interest rate contracts	—			2			—			—		—			—			—			—		2			2
Foreign exchange contracts	—			(2		)	—			—		—			1			—			—		(1		)	(1		)
Equity contracts	81			(126		)	—			—		—			(26		)	(2		)	21		(52		)	(95		)
Credit contracts	114			(2		)	—			—		—			(60		)	—			—		52			(44		)
Other contracts⁽³⁾	(46		)	(15		)	—			—		—			26			—			—		(35		)	—
Other asset-backed securities available-for-sale⁽⁴⁾	111			—			(4		)	—		—			—			—			—		107			(4		)
Other assets⁽⁵⁾	15			(3		)	—			—		—			(8		)	—			—		4			—
Total assets	$	2,207		$	(133	)	$	(4	)	$	—	$	—		$	(109	)	$	106		$	21	$	2,088		$	(132	)
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits⁽⁶⁾	$	(897	)	$	32		$	13		$	—	$	(400	)	$	149		$	(28	)	$	206	$	(925	)	$	33
Long-term debt⁽⁶⁾	(641		)	51			10			—		(197		)	207			(1		)	159		(412		)	43
Total liabilities	$	(1,538	)	$	83		$	23		$	—	$	(597	)	$	356		$	(29	)	$	365	$	(1,337	)	$	76



	Jan. 1, 2017			Total Realized / Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in						Purch- ases		Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3		Dec. 31, 2017			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses)
	Jan. 1, 2017			Earnings			Other Compre-hensive Income (Loss)			Purch- ases		Issu- ances			Settle- ments			Transfers Into Level 3			Transfers Out of Level 3		Dec. 31, 2017			Current Period Unrealized Gains (Losses)
	(in millions)
Assets:
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:⁽¹⁾
Collateralized debt obligations	$	184		$	28		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(83	)	$	—		$	—	$	129		$	13
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	2,884			—			—			—		—			(1,081		)	—			—		1,803			—
Derivatives, net:⁽²⁾
Interest rate contracts	1			(1		)	—			—		—			—			—			—		—			(1		)
Foreign exchange contracts	—			—			—			—		—			—			—			—		—			—
Equity contracts	(2		)	102			—			—		—			(24		)	4			1		81			68
Credit contracts	193			(7		)	—			—		—			(72		)	—			—		114			(16		)
Other contracts⁽³⁾	(9		)	(10		)	—			—		(35		)	8			—			—		(46		)	—
Other asset-backed securities available-for-sale⁽⁴⁾	105			6			—			—		—			—			—			—		111			6
Other assets⁽⁵⁾	—			15			—			—		—			—			—			—		15			15
Total assets	$	3,356		$	133		$	—		$	—	$	(35	)	$	(1,252	)	$	4		$	1	$	2,207		$	85
Liabilities:
Domestic deposits⁽⁶⁾	$	(1,407	)	$	(48	)	$	7		$	—	$	(204	)	$	526		$	(31	)	$	260	$	(897	)	$	(28	)
Long-term debt⁽⁶⁾	(499		)	(85		)	(7		)	—		(295		)	155			(12		)	102		(641		)	(71		)
Total liabilities	$	(1,906	)	$	(133	)	$	—		$	—	$	(499	)	$	681		$	(43	)	$	362	$	(1,538	)	$	(99	)


⁽¹⁾	Gains (losses) on trading assets, excluding derivatives are included in trading revenue in the consolidated statement of income (loss).


⁽²⁾	Level 3 net derivatives included derivative assets of $179 million and derivative liabilities of $213 million at December 31, 2018 and derivative assets of $301 million and derivative liabilities of $152 million at December 31, 2017. Gains (losses) on derivatives, net are predominantly included in trading revenue in the consolidated statement of income (loss).


⁽³⁾	Consists of swap agreements entered into in conjunction with the sales of Visa Class B Shares.


⁽⁴⁾	Realized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other securities gains, net in the consolidated statement of income (loss). Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available-for-sale are included in other comprehensive income (loss).


⁽⁵⁾	Represents contingent consideration receivable associated with the sale of a portion of our Private Banking business. Gains (losses) associated with this transaction are included in other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income (loss).


⁽⁶⁾	Excluding unrealized gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread, which are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), gains (losses) on fair value option liabilities are included in gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives in the consolidated statement of income (loss).

Quantitative Information about Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Classified as Level 3

The following table presents quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used to determine the recurring fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2018 and 2017:



December 31, 2018
Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)			Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
Collateralized debt obligations	$	100		Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Prepayment rates	0% - 1%
					Conditional default rates	0% - 1%
					Loss severity rates	90% - 95%
Residential mortgage asset-backed securities	$	16		Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Prepayment rates	0% - 5%
					Conditional default rates	1% - 4%
					Loss severity rates	80% - 85%
					Discount margin	100bps - 250bps
Student loan asset-backed securities	$	92		Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Prepayment rates	6% - 7%
					Conditional default rates	1% - 2%
					Loss severity rates	25% - 40%
					Discount margin	91bps -115bps
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	$	1,803		Discounted cash flows	Spread volatility on collateral assets	2% - 4%
					Correlation between insurance claim shortfall and collateral value	80%
Interest rate derivative contracts	$	2		Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	3% - 99%
					Likelihood of transaction being executed	75% - 100%
Foreign exchange derivative contracts⁽¹⁾	$	(1	)	Option pricing model	Implied volatility of currency pairs	8% - 12%
Equity derivative contracts⁽¹⁾	$	(52	)	Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 44%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	42% - 79%
					Equity dividend yields	0% - 7%
Credit derivative contracts	$	52		Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Credit default swap spreads	102bps - 118bps
Other derivative contracts	$	(35	)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times
					Expected duration	2 - 3 years
Other asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	107		Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	1% - 3%
Other assets	$	4		Discounted cash flows	Client transfer rates based on rating	50% - 95%
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	(925	)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Implied volatility of currency pairs	8% - 12%
					Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 37%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	42% - 49%
Long-term debt (structured notes)⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	(412	)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Implied volatility of currency pairs	8% - 12%
					Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 42%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	45% - 79%



December 31, 2017
Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)			Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
Collateralized debt obligations	$	129		Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Prepayment rates	0% - 6%
					Conditional default rates	4% - 6%
					Loss severity rates	55% - 60%
Corporate and other domestic debt securities	$	1,803		Discounted cash flows	Spread volatility on collateral assets	2% - 4%
					Correlation between insurance claim shortfall and collateral value	80%
Interest rate derivative contracts	$	—		Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund	Probability to fund for rate lock commitments	41% - 100%
Foreign exchange derivative contracts⁽¹⁾	$	—		Option pricing model	Implied volatility of currency pairs	6% - 9%
Equity derivative contracts⁽¹⁾	$	81		Option pricing model	Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 42%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	42% - 80%
					Equity dividend yields	0% - 8%
Credit derivative contracts	$	114		Option pricing model and, where applicable, discounted cash flows	Issuer by issuer correlation of defaults	82% - 83%
					Credit default swap spreads	154bps - 174bps
Other derivative contracts	$	(46	)	Discounted cash flows	Conversion rate	1.6 times
					Expected duration	2 - 4 years
Other asset-backed securities available-for-sale	$	111		Discounted cash flows	Market assumptions related to yields for comparable instruments	1% - 3%
Other assets	$	15		Discounted cash flows	Client transfer rates based on rating	50% - 95%
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	(897	)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Implied volatility of currency pairs	6% - 9%
					Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 42%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	42% - 80%
Long-term debt (structured notes)⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	(641	)	Option adjusted discounted cash flows	Implied volatility of currency pairs	6% - 9%
					Equity / Equity Index volatility	7% - 42%
					Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation	42% - 80%


⁽¹⁾	We are the client-facing entity and we enter into identical but opposite derivatives to transfer the resultant risks to our affiliates. With the exception of counterparty credit risks, we are market neutral. The corresponding intra-group derivatives are presented as equity derivatives and foreign exchange derivatives in the table.


⁽²⁾	Structured deposits and structured notes contain embedded derivative features whose fair value measurements contain significant Level 3 inputs.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non Recurring Basis

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy level within which the fair value of the financial and non-financial assets has been recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The gains (losses) during 2018 and 2017 are also included.



	Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018								Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans held for sale⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	1	$	—
Consumer loans⁽²⁾	—		15		—		15		(8		)
Commercial loans held for sale⁽³⁾	—		36		—		36		5
Impaired commercial loans⁽⁴⁾	—		—		37		37		114
Real estate owned⁽⁵⁾	—		7		—		7		3
Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	58	$	38	$	96	$	114



	Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017								Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Total Gains (Losses) For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans held for sale⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	2	$	7
Consumer loans⁽²⁾	—		21		—		21		(11		)
Commercial loans held for sale⁽³⁾	—		62		—		62		5
Impaired commercial loans⁽⁴⁾	—		—		289		289		132
Real estate owned⁽⁵⁾	—		6		—		6		7
Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis	$	—	$	89	$	291	$	380	$	140

⁽¹⁾

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. Certain residential mortgage loans held for sale have been classified as Level 3 fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy as the underlying real estate properties used to determine fair value are illiquid assets as a result of market conditions. Additionally, the fair value of these properties is affected by, among other things, the location, the payment history and the completeness of the loan documentation.


⁽²⁾	Represents residential mortgage loans held for investment whose carrying amount was reduced during the periods presented based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.


⁽³⁾	At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost.

⁽⁴⁾

Certain commercial loans have undergone troubled debt restructurings and are considered impaired. As a matter of practical expedient, we measure the credit impairment of a collateral-dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral asset. The collateral often involves real estate properties that are illiquid due to market conditions. As a result, these loans are classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy.


⁽⁵⁾	Real estate owned is required to be reported on the balance sheet net of transactions costs. The real estate owned amounts in the table above reflect the fair value unadjusted for transaction costs.

Quantitative Information about Non Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present quantitative information about non-recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities classified with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2018 and 2017:



At December 31, 2018
Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	1	Third party appraisal valuation based on estimated loss severities, including collateral values	Loss severity rates	30% - 100%
Impaired commercial loans	37		Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral	Loss severity rates	13% - 100%



At December 31, 2017
Financial Instrument Type	Fair Value (in millions)		Valuation Technique(s)	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
Residential mortgage loans held for sale	$	2	Third party appraisal valuation based on estimated loss severities, including collateral values	Loss severity rates	30% - 100%
Impaired commercial loans	289		Valuation of third party appraisal on underlying collateral	Loss severity rates	9% - 61%

Additional Information Relating to Asset-Backed Securities and Collateralized Debt Obligations

The following tables provide additional information relating to our asset-backed securities, including certain CDOs, at December 31, 2018:

Trading asset-backed securities:



Rating of Securities:⁽¹⁾	Collateral Type:	Level 3		Total
		(in millions)
AAA - A	Student loans	$	92	$	92
BBB - B	Collateralized debt obligations	100		100
CCC - Unrated	Residential mortgages - Subprime	16		16
		$	208	$	208

Available-for-sale asset-backed securities:



Rating of Securities:⁽¹⁾	Collateral Type:	Level 2		Level 3		Total
		(in millions)
AAA - A	Home equity - Alt A	$	42	$	—	$	42
	Other	—		49		49
	Total AAA -A	$	42	$	49	$	91
BBB -B	Other	—		58		58
		$	42	$	107	$	149


⁽¹⁾	We utilize Standard and Poor's ("S&P") as the primary source of credit ratings in the tables above. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order. Ratings for CDOs represent the ratings associated with the underlying collateral.

Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and their classification within the fair value hierarchy:



December 31, 2018	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in millions)
Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets	$	17,237	$	17,237	$	1,514	$	15,700	$	23
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	10,168		10,168		—		10,168		—
Securities held-to-maturity	14,670		14,443		—		14,443		—
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	48,884		50,671		—		—		50,671
Commercial loans held for sale	285		285		—		285		—
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	19,553		18,878		—		—		18,878
Consumer loans held for sale:
Residential mortgages	65		65		—		65		—
Other consumer	53		53		—		—		53
Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities	$	3,643	$	3,649	$	—	$	3,626	$	23
Deposits:
Without fixed maturities	91,794		91,794		—		91,794		—
Fixed maturities	10,996		10,933		—		10,933		—
Deposits held for sale	10		10		—		10		—
Long-term debt	19,379		19,688		—		19,688		—



December 31, 2017	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(in millions)
Financial assets:
Short-term financial assets	$	12,304	$	12,304	$	1,115	$	11,157	$	32
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	32,538		32,538		—		32,538		—
Securities held-to-maturity	13,977		13,902		—		13,902		—
Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses	52,427		54,210		—		—		54,210
Commercial loans held for sale	177		177		—		177		—
Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses	19,455		18,598		—		—		18,598
Consumer loans held for sale:
Residential mortgages	6		6		—		5		1
Other consumer	61		61		—		—		61
Financial liabilities:
Short-term financial liabilities	$	2,650	$	2,667	$	—	$	2,635	$	32
Deposits:
Without fixed maturities	100,502		100,502		—		100,502		—
Fixed maturities	9,834		9,782		—		9,782		—
Deposits held for sale	673		673		—		673		—
Long-term debt	22,080		22,717		—		22,717		—