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Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses and Related Loan Balance by Product (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period $ 531 $ 848 $ 681 $ 1,017      
Provision charged (credited) to income 20 (22) (96) (120)      
Charge offs (28) (35) (119) (132)      
Recoveries 12 8 69 34      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (16) (27) (50) (98)      
Balance at end of period 535 799 535 799      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         $ 505   $ 576
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         30   223
Total allowances for credit losses 531 848 681 1,017 535 $ 681 799
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         65,521   65,677
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         315   919
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         920   997
Total loans         66,756 72,563 67,593
Commercial Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         47,183 53,035  
Commercial Loans [Member] | Real Estate, Including Construction [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 88 81 82 92      
Provision charged (credited) to income 24 (1) 30 (9)      
Charge offs 0 (4) 0 (7)      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (4) 0 (7)      
Balance at end of period 112 76 112 76      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         111   75
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 88 81 82 92 112 82 76
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         11,877   10,425
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         5   17
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         11,882 10,533 10,442
Commercial Loans [Member] | Business and Corporate Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 196 261 244 317      
Provision charged (credited) to income 9 (9) (52) (56)      
Charge offs (3) (7) (34) (30)      
Recoveries 2 2 46 16      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) (5) 12 (14)      
Balance at end of period 204 247 204 247      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         180   196
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         24   51
Total allowances for credit losses 196 261 244 317 204 244 247
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         12,618   13,008
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         113   320
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         12,731 12,504 13,328
Commercial Loans [Member] | Global Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 154 425 264 508      
Provision charged (credited) to income (16) (21) (90) (60)      
Charge offs (11) (14) (48) (59)      
Recoveries 0 0 1 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (11) (14) (47) (58)      
Balance at end of period 127 390 127 390      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         127   228
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   162
Total allowances for credit losses 154 425 264 508 127 264 390
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         18,541   19,434
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         131   516
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         18,672 [3],[4] 20,088 [3],[4] 19,950
Commercial Loans [Member] | Other Commercial [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 19 14 18 13      
Provision charged (credited) to income (4) (1) (3) 1      
Charge offs 0 0 0 (1)      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 0 0 (1)      
Balance at end of period 15 13 15 13      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         15   13
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses 19 14 18 13 15 18 13
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         3,897   4,408
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         1   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         3,898 [3] 9,910 [3] 4,408
Consumer Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         19,573 19,528  
Consumer Loans [Member] | Residential Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 15 20 25 26      
Provision charged (credited) to income (5) 4 (19) (4)      
Charge offs (2) 0 (3) (3)      
Recoveries 5 2 10 7      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 3 2 7 4      
Balance at end of period 13 26 13 26      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         10   19
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         3   7
Total allowances for credit losses 15 20 25 26 13 25 26
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         16,460   16,207
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         57   59
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         859   930
Total loans         17,376 17,273 17,196
Consumer Loans [Member] | Home Equity Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 9 12 11 20      
Provision charged (credited) to income (1) (2) (2) (8)      
Charge offs (2) (1) (6) (5)      
Recoveries 2 1 5 3      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 0 (1) (2)      
Balance at end of period 8 10 8 10      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         7   9
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 9 12 11 20 8 11 10
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         962   1,164
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   3
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         61   67
Total loans         1,027 1,191 1,234
Consumer Loans [Member] | Credit Cards [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 45 30 32 34      
Provision charged (credited) to income 14 8 39 17      
Charge offs (10) (8) (25) (24)      
Recoveries 2 2 5 5      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (8) (6) (20) (19)      
Balance at end of period 51 32 51 32      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         50   31
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 45 30 32 34 51 32 32
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         903   652
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   4
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         907 721 656
Consumer Loans [Member] | Other consumer [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 5 5 5 7      
Provision charged (credited) to income (1) 0 1 (1)      
Charge offs 0 (1) (3) (3)      
Recoveries 1 1 2 2      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 1 0 (1) (1)      
Balance at end of period 5 5 5 5      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         5   5
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses $ 5 $ 5 $ 5 $ 7 5 5 5
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         263   379
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         0   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         $ 263 $ 343 $ 379
[1] Other commercial includes loans to HSBC affiliates totaling $1,557 million and $1,820 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for which we do not carry an associated allowance for credit losses.
[2] For consumer loans and certain small business loans, these amounts represent TDR Loans for which we evaluate reserves using a discounted cash flow methodology. Each loan is individually identified as a TDR Loan and then grouped together with other TDR Loans with similar characteristics. The discounted cash flow analysis is then applied to these groups of TDR Loans. Loans individually evaluated for impairment exclude TDR Loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell which totaled $623 million and $662 million at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
[3] Includes loans to HSBC affiliates which totaled $1,557 million and $6,750 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.
[4] Represents large multinational firms including globally focused U.S. corporate and financial institutions, U.S. dollar lending to multinational banking clients managed by HSBC on a global basis and complex large business clients supported by Global Banking and Markets relationship managers.