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Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses and Related Loan Balance by Product (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Jun. 30, 2017
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period $ 599 $ 921 $ 681 $ 1,017      
Provision charged (credited) to income (45) (21) (116) (98)      
Charge offs (50) (61) (91) (97)      
Recoveries 27 9 57 26      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (23) (52) (34) (71)      
Balance at end of period 531 848 531 848      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         $ 481   $ 590
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         50   258
Total allowances for credit losses 599 921 681 1,017 531 $ 681 848
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         64,958   66,050
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         507   999
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         934   1,014
Total loans         66,399 72,563 68,063
Commercial Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         46,843 53,035  
Commercial Loans [Member] | Real Estate, Including Construction [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 92 92 82 92      
Provision charged (credited) to income (4) (9) 6 (8)      
Charge offs 0 (2) 0 (3)      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (2) 0 (3)      
Balance at end of period 88 81 88 81      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         87   74
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   7
Total allowances for credit losses 92 92 82 92 88 82 81
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         11,234   10,197
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         11   43
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         11,245 10,533 10,240
Commercial Loans [Member] | Business and Corporate Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 207 266 244 317      
Provision charged (credited) to income (27) (5) (61) (47)      
Charge offs (6) (2) (31) (23)      
Recoveries 22 2 44 14      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 16 0 13 (9)      
Balance at end of period 196 261 196 261      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         169   221
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         27   40
Total allowances for credit losses 207 266 244 317 196 244 261
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         11,852   12,584
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         257   284
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         12,109 12,504 12,868
Commercial Loans [Member] | Global Banking [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 211 470 264 508      
Provision charged (credited) to income (25) 0 (74) (39)      
Charge offs (32) (45) (37) (45)      
Recoveries 0 0 1 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (32) (45) (36) (44)      
Balance at end of period 154 425 154 425      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         139   223
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         15   202
Total allowances for credit losses 211 470 264 508 154 264 425
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         18,704   20,446
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         173   601
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         18,877 [3],[4] 20,088 [3],[4] 21,047
Commercial Loans [Member] | Other Commercial [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 19 15 18 13      
Provision charged (credited) to income 0 0 1 2      
Charge offs 0 (1) 0 (1)      
Recoveries 0 0 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (1) 0 (1)      
Balance at end of period 19 14 19 14      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         19   14
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses 19 15 18 13 19 18 14
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         4,612   4,427
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         0   6
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         4,612 [4] 9,910 [4] 4,433
Consumer Loans [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Total loans         19,556 19,528  
Consumer Loans [Member] | Residential Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 18 24 25 26      
Provision charged (credited) to income (4) (8) (14) (8)      
Charge offs (1) 0 (1) (3)      
Recoveries 2 4 5 5      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 1 4 4 2      
Balance at end of period 15 20 15 20      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         10   13
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         5   7
Total allowances for credit losses 18 24 25 26 15 25 20
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         16,397   16,114
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         59   58
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         870   947
Total loans         17,326 17,273 17,119
Consumer Loans [Member] | Home Equity Mortgages [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 10 17 11 20      
Provision charged (credited) to income 0 (4) (1) (6)      
Charge offs (2) (2) (4) (4)      
Recoveries 1 1 3 2      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) (1) (1) (2)      
Balance at end of period 9 12 9 12      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         8   11
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 10 17 11 20 9 11 12
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         1,019   1,215
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         3   3
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         64   67
Total loans         1,086 1,191 1,285
Consumer Loans [Member] | Credit Cards [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 38 31 32 34      
Provision charged (credited) to income 13 6 25 9      
Charge offs (7) (8) (15) (16)      
Recoveries 1 1 3 3      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (6) (7) (12) (13)      
Balance at end of period 45 30 45 30      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         44   29
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 38 31 32 34 45 32 30
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         837   643
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         4   4
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         841 721 647
Consumer Loans [Member] | Other consumer [Member]              
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]              
Balance at beginning of period 4 6 5 7      
Provision charged (credited) to income 2 (1) 2 (1)      
Charge offs (2) (1) (3) (2)      
Recoveries 1 1 1 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) 0 (2) (1)      
Balance at end of period 5 5 5 5      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment         5   5
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment         0   0
Total allowances for credit losses $ 4 $ 6 $ 5 $ 7 5 5 5
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]         303   424
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]         0   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell         0   0
Total loans         $ 303 $ 343 $ 424
[1] Other commercial includes loans to HSBC affiliates totaling $1,895 million and $1,423 million at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for which we do not carry an associated allowance for credit losses.
[2] For consumer loans and certain small business loans, these amounts represent TDR Loans for which we evaluate reserves using a discounted cash flow methodology. Each loan is individually identified as a TDR Loan and then grouped together with other TDR Loans with similar characteristics. The discounted cash flow analysis is then applied to these groups of TDR Loans. Loans individually evaluated for impairment exclude TDR Loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell which totaled $635 million and $670 million at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
[3] Represents large multinational firms including globally focused U.S. corporate and financial institutions, U.S. dollar lending to multinational banking clients managed by HSBC on a global basis and complex large business clients supported by Global Banking and Markets relationship managers.
[4] ncludes loans to HSBC affiliates which totaled $1,895 million and $6,750 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.