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Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses and Related Loan Balance by Product (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Mar. 31, 2017
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period $ 681 $ 1,017      
Provision charged (credited) to income (71) (77)      
Charge offs (41) (36)      
Recoveries 30 17      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (11) (19)      
Balance at end of period 599 921      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     $ 490   $ 645
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     109   276
Total allowances for credit losses 681 1,017 599 $ 681 921
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     65,696   67,545
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     682   993
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     960   1,050
Total loans     67,338 72,563 69,588
Commercial Loans [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Total loans     47,739 53,035  
Commercial Loans [Member] | Real Estate, Including Construction [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 82 92      
Provision charged (credited) to income 10 1      
Charge offs 0 (1)      
Recoveries 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (1)      
Balance at end of period 92 92      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     91   86
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     1   6
Total allowances for credit losses 82 92 92 82 92
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     11,042   10,758
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     12   44
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     11,054 10,533 10,802
Commercial Loans [Member] | Business and Corporate Banking [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 244 317      
Provision charged (credited) to income (34) (42)      
Charge offs (25) (21)      
Recoveries 22 12      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (3) (9)      
Balance at end of period 207 266      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     168   230
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     39   36
Total allowances for credit losses 244 317 207 244 266
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     12,532   12,828
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     286   324
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     12,818 12,504 13,152
Commercial Loans [Member] | Global Banking [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 264 508      
Provision charged (credited) to income (49) (39)      
Charge offs (5) 0      
Recoveries 1 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (4) 1      
Balance at end of period 211 470      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     149   247
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     62   223
Total allowances for credit losses 264 508 211 264 470
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     18,967   21,974
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     322   553
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     19,289 [3],[4] 20,088 [3],[4] 22,527
Commercial Loans [Member] | Other Commercial [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 18 13      
Provision charged (credited) to income 1 2      
Charge offs 0 0      
Recoveries 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 0      
Balance at end of period 19 15      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     19   14
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     0   1
Total allowances for credit losses 18 13 19 18 15
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     4,578   3,508
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     0   7
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     4,578 [4] 9,910 [4] 3,515
Consumer Loans [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Total loans     19,599 19,528  
Consumer Loans [Member] | Residential Mortgages [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 25 26      
Provision charged (credited) to income (10) 0      
Charge offs 0 (3)      
Recoveries 3 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 3 (2)      
Balance at end of period 18 24      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     13   16
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     5   8
Total allowances for credit losses 25 26 18 25 24
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     16,375   16,181
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     55   57
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     895   981
Total loans     17,325 17,273 17,219
Consumer Loans [Member] | Home Equity Mortgages [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 11 20      
Provision charged (credited) to income (1) (2)      
Charge offs (2) (2)      
Recoveries 2 1      
Net (charge offs) recoveries 0 (1)      
Balance at end of period 10 17      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     9   16
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 11 20 10 11 17
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     1,071   1,271
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     3   4
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     65   69
Total loans     1,139 1,191 1,344
Consumer Loans [Member] | Credit Cards [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 32 34      
Provision charged (credited) to income 12 3      
Charge offs (8) (8)      
Recoveries 2 2      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (6) (6)      
Balance at end of period 38 31      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     37   30
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     1   1
Total allowances for credit losses 32 34 38 32 31
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     766   642
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     4   4
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     770 721 646
Consumer Loans [Member] | Other consumer [Member]          
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period 5 7      
Provision charged (credited) to income 0 0      
Charge offs (1) (1)      
Recoveries 0 0      
Net (charge offs) recoveries (1) (1)      
Balance at end of period 4 6      
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment     4   6
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment     0   0
Total allowances for credit losses $ 5 $ 7 4 5 6
Collectively evaluated for impairment [1]     365   383
Individually evaluated for impairment [2]     0   0
Loans carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell     0   0
Total loans     $ 365 $ 343 $ 383
[1] Other commercial includes loans to HSBC affiliates totaling $1,920 million and $939 million at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for which we do not carry an associated allowance for credit losses.
[2] For consumer loans and certain small business loans, these amounts represent TDR Loans for which we evaluate reserves using a discounted cash flow methodology. Each loan is individually identified as a TDR Loan and then grouped together with other TDR Loans with similar characteristics. The discounted cash flow analysis is then applied to these groups of TDR Loans. Loans individually evaluated for impairment exclude TDR Loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell which totaled $644 million and $681 million at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
[3] Represents large multinational firms including globally focused U.S. corporate and financial institutions, U.S. dollar lending to multinational banking clients managed by HSBC on a global basis and complex large business clients supported by Global Banking and Markets relationship managers.
[4] ncludes loans to HSBC affiliates which totaled $1,920 million and $6,750 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. See Note 14, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.