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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table summarizes the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
March 31, 2016
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in millions)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term financial assets
$
15,106

 
$
15,106

 
$
863

 
$
14,210

 
$
33

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell
24,435

 
24,435

 

 
24,435

 

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell designated under fair value option
699

 
699

 

 
699

 

Non-derivative trading assets
13,159

 
13,159

 
3,646

 
6,430

 
3,083

Derivatives
5,493

 
5,493

 
6

 
5,460

 
27

Securities
52,409

 
52,739

 
25,026

 
27,713

 

Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses
60,710

 
62,178

 

 

 
62,178

Commercial loans designated under fair value option and held for sale
95

 
95

 

 
95

 

Commercial loans held for sale
2,909

 
2,910

 

 
1,113

 
1,797

Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses
19,999

 
19,113

 

 

 
19,113

Consumer loans held for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgages
385

 
385

 

 
9

 
376

Other consumer
79

 
79

 

 

 
79

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term financial liabilities
$
7,251

 
$
7,318

 
$

 
$
7,285

 
$
33

Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Without fixed maturities
106,224

 
106,224

 

 
106,224

 

Fixed maturities
12,839

 
12,983

 

 
12,983

 

Deposits designated under fair value option
7,240

 
7,240

 

 
5,391

 
1,849

Non-derivative trading liabilities
895

 
895

 
642

 
253

 

Derivatives
8,345

 
8,345

 
26

 
8,291

 
28

Short-term borrowings designated under fair value option
2,693

 
2,693

 

 
2,693

 

Long-term debt
25,504

 
26,051

 

 
26,051

 

Long-term debt designated under fair value option
9,021

 
9,021

 

 
8,375

 
646


December 31, 2015
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in millions)
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term financial assets
$
8,494

 
$
8,494

 
$
968

 
$
7,478

 
$
48

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell
19,847

 
19,847

 

 
19,847

 

Non-derivative trading assets
11,935

 
11,935

 
3,088

 
5,756

 
3,091

Derivatives
5,614

 
5,614

 
5

 
5,579

 
30

Securities
49,797

 
49,938

 
21,924

 
28,014

 

Commercial loans, net of allowance for credit losses
61,674

 
62,417

 

 

 
62,417

Commercial loans designated under fair value option and held for sale
151

 
151

 

 
151

 

Commercial loans held for sale
1,944

 
1,958

 

 
55

 
1,903

Consumer loans, net of allowance for credit losses
20,331

 
19,185

 

 

 
19,185

Consumer loans held for sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgages
11

 
11

 

 
7

 
4

Other consumer
79

 
79

 

 

 
79

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term financial liabilities
$
3,082

 
$
3,124

 
$

 
$
3,076

 
$
48

Deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Without fixed maturities
101,146

 
101,146

 

 
101,146

 

Fixed maturities
10,514

 
10,508

 

 
10,508

 

Deposits designated under fair value option
6,919

 
6,919

 

 
5,052

 
1,867

Non-derivative trading liabilities
1,049

 
1,049

 
363

 
686

 

Derivatives
6,993

 
6,993

 
9

 
6,957

 
27

Short-term borrowings designated under fair value option
1,976

 
1,976

 

 
1,976

 

Long-term debt
24,338

 
24,874

 

 
24,874

 

Long-term debt designated under fair value option
9,171

 
9,171

 

 
8,425

 
746

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value:
 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
March 31, 2016
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Gross
Balance
 
Netting(1)
 
Net
Balance
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell
$

 
$
699

 
$

 
$
699

 
$

 
$
699

Trading Securities, excluding derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises
3,646

 
166

 

 
3,812

 

 
3,812

Obligations of U.S. States and political subdivisions

 
550

 

 
550

 

 
550

Collateralized debt obligations

 

 
210

 
210

 

 
210

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgages

 
107

 

 
107

 

 
107

Student Loans

 
87

 

 
87

 

 
87

Corporate and other domestic debt securities

 

 
2,873

 
2,873

 

 
2,873

Debt Securities issued by foreign entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 
42

 

 
42

 

 
42

Government-backed

 
4,270

 

 
4,270

 

 
4,270

Equity securities

 
14

 

 
14

 

 
14

Precious metals trading

 
1,194

 

 
1,194

 

 
1,194

Derivatives(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
53

 
48,940

 
2

 
48,995

 

 
48,995

Foreign exchange contracts
3

 
24,535

 
15

 
24,553

 

 
24,553

Equity contracts

 
1,751

 
148

 
1,899

 

 
1,899

Precious metals contracts
29

 
732

 

 
761

 

 
761

Credit contracts

 
2,814

 
226

 
3,040

 

 
3,040

Derivatives netting

 

 

 

 
(73,755
)
 
(73,755
)
Total derivatives
85

 
78,772

 
391

 
79,248

 
(73,755
)
 
5,493

Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises
25,026

 
12,532

 

 
37,558

 

 
37,558

Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions

 
25

 

 
25

 

 
25

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgages

 
9

 

 
9

 

 
9

Home equity

 
70

 

 
70

 

 
70

Other

 
492

 

 
492

 

 
492

Debt Securities issued by foreign entities

 
461

 

 
461

 

 
461

Equity securities

 
158

 

 
158

 

 
158

Loans(3)

 
95

 

 
95

 

 
95

Mortgage servicing rights(4)

 

 
117

 
117

 

 
117

Total assets
$
28,757

 
$
99,743

 
$
3,591

 
$
132,091

 
$
(73,755
)
 
$
58,336

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic deposits(5)
$

 
$
5,391

 
$
1,849

 
$
7,240

 
$

 
$
7,240

Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives
642

 
253

 

 
895

 

 
895

Derivatives(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
65

 
49,435

 
1

 
49,501

 

 
49,501

Foreign exchange contracts
68

 
22,725

 
15

 
22,808

 

 
22,808

Equity contracts

 
1,680

 
203

 
1,883

 

 
1,883

Precious metals contracts
107

 
670

 

 
777

 

 
777

Credit contracts

 
2,926

 
49

 
2,975

 

 
2,975

Derivatives netting

 

 

 

 
(69,599
)
 
(69,599
)
Total derivatives
240

 
77,436

 
268

 
77,944

 
(69,599
)
 
8,345

Short-term borrowings(5)

 
2,693

 

 
2,693

 

 
2,693

Long-term debt(5)

 
8,375

 
646

 
9,021

 

 
9,021

Total liabilities
$
882

 
$
94,148

 
$
2,763

 
$
97,793

 
$
(69,599
)
 
$
28,194

 
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Gross
Balance
 
Netting(1)
 
Net
Balance
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading Securities, excluding derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises
$
3,088

 
$
167

 
$

 
$
3,255

 
$

 
$
3,255

Obligations of U. S. States and political subdivisions

 
559

 

 
559

 

 
559

Collateralized debt obligations

 

 
221

 
221

 

 
221

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgages

 
114

 

 
114

 

 
114

Student loans

 
89

 

 
89

 

 
89

Corporate and other domestic debt securities

 

 
2,870

 
2,870

 

 
2,870

Debt Securities issued by foreign entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 
55

 

 
55

 

 
55

Government-backed

 
3,974

 

 
3,974

 

 
3,974

Equity securities

 
18

 

 
18

 

 
18

Precious metals trading

 
780

 

 
780

 

 
780

Derivatives(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
26

 
35,241

 
2

 
35,269

 

 
35,269

Foreign exchange contracts

 
24,161

 
16

 
24,177

 

 
24,177

Equity contracts

 
1,687

 
119

 
1,806

 

 
1,806

Precious metals contracts
38

 
891

 

 
929

 

 
929

Credit contracts

 
3,676

 
209

 
3,885

 

 
3,885

Derivatives netting

 

 

 

 
(60,452
)
 
(60,452
)
Total derivatives
64

 
65,656

 
346

 
66,066

 
(60,452
)
 
5,614

Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises
21,924

 
12,621

 

 
34,545

 

 
34,545

Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions

 
348

 

 
348

 

 
348

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial mortgages

 
9

 

 
9

 

 
9

Home equity

 
75

 

 
75

 

 
75

Other

 
89

 

 
89

 

 
89

Debt Securities issued by foreign entities

 
546

 

 
546

 

 
546

Equity securities

 
161

 

 
161

 

 
161

Loans(3)

 
151

 

 
151

 

 
151

Mortgage servicing rights(4)

 

 
140

 
140

 

 
140

Total assets
$
25,076

 
$
85,412

 
$
3,577

 
$
114,065

 
$
(60,452
)
 
$
53,613

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic deposits(5)
$

 
$
5,052

 
$
1,867

 
$
6,919

 
$

 
$
6,919

Trading liabilities, excluding derivatives
363

 
686

 

 
1,049

 

 
1,049

Derivatives(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
28

 
35,432

 
1

 
35,461

 

 
35,461

Foreign exchange contracts
15

 
22,405

 
16

 
22,436

 

 
22,436

Equity contracts

 
1,560

 
202

 
1,762

 

 
1,762

Precious metals contracts
39

 
552

 

 
591

 

 
591

Credit contracts

 
3,753

 
30

 
3,783

 

 
3,783

Derivatives netting

 

 

 

 
(57,040
)
 
(57,040
)
Total derivatives
82

 
63,702

 
249

 
64,033

 
(57,040
)
 
6,993

Short-term borrowings(5)

 
1,976

 

 
1,976

 

 
1,976

Long-term debt(5)

 
8,425

 
746

 
9,171

 

 
9,171

Total liabilities
$
445

 
$
79,841

 
$
2,862

 
$
83,148

 
$
(57,040
)
 
$
26,108

 
(1) 
Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting which allow the offsetting of amounts relating to certain contracts if certain conditions are met.
(2) 
Includes trading derivative assets of $5,107 million and $5,150 million and trading derivative liabilities of $7,893 million and $6,406 million as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, as well as derivatives held for hedging and commitments accounted for as derivatives.
(3) 
Includes certain commercial loans held for sale which we have elected to apply the fair value option. See Note 6, "Loans Held for Sale," for further information.
(4) 
See Note 7, "Intangible Assets," and Note 9, "Other Assets Held for Sale," for additional information.
(5) 
See Note 11, "Fair Value Option," for additional information.
Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
The following table summarizes additional information about changes in the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. As a risk management practice, we may risk manage the Level 3 assets and liabilities, in whole or in part, using securities and derivative positions that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Since those Level 1 and Level 2 risk management positions are not included in the table below, the information provided does not reflect the effect of such risk management activities related to the Level 3 assets and liabilities.
  
Jan. 1,
2016
 
Total Gains and  (Losses) Included in(1)
 
Purch-
ases
 
Issu-
ances
 
Settle-
ments
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Mar. 31,
2016
 
Current
Period
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
 
Trading
Revenue
(Loss)
 
Other
Revenue
 
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized debt obligations
$
221

 
$
(5
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(6
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
210

 
$
(6
)
Corporate and other domestic debt securities
2,870

 
(2
)
 

 
5

 

 

 

 

 
2,873

 
(2
)
Derivatives, net(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
1

 

Foreign exchange contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity contracts
(83
)
 
24

 

 

 

 
4

 
1

 
(1
)
 
(55
)
 
24

Credit contracts
179

 
2

 

 

 

 
(4
)
 

 

 
177

 
(13
)
Mortgage servicing rights(3)
140

 

 
(16
)
 

 

 
(7
)
 

 

 
117

 
(16
)
Total assets
$
3,328

 
$
19

 
$
(16
)
 
$
5

 
$

 
$
(13
)
 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
3,323

 
$
(13
)
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic deposits(4)
$
(1,867
)
 
$

 
$
(53
)
 
$

 
$
(64
)
 
$
88

 
$
(8
)
 
$
55

 
$
(1,849
)
 
$
(50
)
Long-term debt(4)
(746
)
 

 
26

 

 
(75
)
 
65

 

 
84

 
(646
)
 
23

Total liabilities
$
(2,613
)
 
$

 
$
(27
)
 
$

 
$
(139
)
 
$
153

 
$
(8
)
 
$
139

 
$
(2,495
)
 
$
(27
)


  
Jan. 1,
2015
 
Total Gains and  (Losses) Included in(1)
 
Purch-
ases
 
Issu-
ances
 
Settle-
ments
 
Transfers
Into
Level 3
 
Transfers
Out of
Level 3
 
Mar. 31,
2015
 
Current
Period
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
 
Trading
Revenue
(Loss)
 
Other
Revenue
 
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets, excluding derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized debt obligations
$
253

 
$
9

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
254

 
$
7

Corporate and other domestic debt securities
2,840

 

 

 
8

 

 

 

 

 
2,848

 

Derivatives, net(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts

 
19

 
1

 

 

 

 

 

 
20

 
20

Foreign exchange contracts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity contracts
42

 
23

 

 

 

 
(21
)
 

 
(1
)
 
43

 
14

Credit contracts
210

 
(12
)
 

 

 

 
(6
)
 

 

 
192

 
(40
)
Mortgage servicing rights(3)
159

 

 
(14
)
 

 

 
(4
)
 

 

 
141

 
(14
)
Total assets
$
3,504

 
$
39

 
$
(13
)
 
$
8

 
$

 
$
(39
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
3,498

 
$
(13
)
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic deposits(4)
$
(1,968
)
 
$

 
$
(19
)
 
$

 
$
(89
)
 
$
49

 
$

 
$
101

 
$
(1,926
)
 
$
(13
)
Long-term debt(4)
(647
)
 

 
(7
)
 

 
(87
)
 
79

 

 
20

 
(642
)
 
(6
)
Total liabilities
$
(2,615
)
 
$

 
$
(26
)
 
$

 
$
(176
)
 
$
128

 
$

 
$
121

 
$
(2,568
)
 
$
(19
)
 
(1) 
Includes realized and unrealized gains and losses.
(2) 
Level 3 net derivatives included derivative assets of $391 million and derivative liabilities of $268 million as of March 31, 2016 and derivative assets of $463 million and derivative liabilities of $208 million as of March 31, 2015.
(3) 
See Note 7, "Intangible Assets," and Note 9, "Other Assets Held for Sale," for additional information.
(4) 
See Note 11, "Fair Value Option," for additional information.
Quantitative Information about Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Classified as Level 3
The following table presents quantitative information about the unobservable inputs used to determine the recurring fair value measurement of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 fair value measurements as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
March 31, 2016
Financial Instrument Type
 
Fair Value (in millions)
 
Valuation Technique(s)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range of Inputs
Collateralized debt obligations
 
210

 
Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows
 
Prepayment rates
 
1% - 6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rates
 
3% - 7%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity rates
 
90% - 99%
Corporate and other domestic debt securities
 
2,873

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Spread volatility on collateral assets
 
2% - 4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Correlation between insurance claim shortfall and collateral value
 
80%
Interest rate derivative contracts
 
1

 
Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund
 
Probability to fund for rate lock commitments
 
24% - 100%
Foreign exchange derivative contracts(1)
 

 
Option pricing model
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
17% - 24%
Equity derivative contracts(1)
 
(55
)
 
Option pricing model
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
11% - 51%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity dividend yields
 
0% - 12%
Credit derivative contracts
 
177

 
Option pricing model
 
Correlation of defaults of a portfolio of reference credit names
 
44% - 47%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuer by issuer correlation of defaults
 
82% - 83%
Mortgage servicing rights
 
117

 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Constant prepayment rates
 
4% - 21%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Option adjusted spread
 
8% - 14%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated annualized costs to service
 
$87 - $329 per account
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(1)(2)
 
(1,849
)
 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
17% - 24%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
11% - 51%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%
Long-term debt (structured notes)(1)(2)
 
(646
)
 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
17% - 24%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
11% - 51%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%

December 31, 2015
Financial Instrument Type
 
Fair Value (in millions)
 
Valuation Technique(s)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range of Inputs
Collateralized debt obligations
 
221

 
Broker quotes or consensus pricing and, where applicable, discounted cash flows
 
Prepayment rates
 
1% - 6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rates
 
3% - 7%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity rates
 
90% - 99%
Corporate and other domestic debt securities
 
2,870

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Spread volatility on collateral assets
 
2% - 4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Correlation between insurance claim shortfall and collateral value
 
80%
Interest rate derivative contracts
 
1

 
Market comparable adjusted for probability to fund
 
Probability to fund for rate lock commitments
 
18% - 100%
Foreign exchange derivative contracts(1)
 

 
Option pricing model
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
18% - 22%
Equity derivative contracts(1)
 
(83
)
 
Option pricing model
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
14% - 72%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity dividend yields
 
0% - 18%
Credit derivative contracts
 
179

 
Option pricing model
 
Correlation of defaults of a portfolio of reference credit names
 
44% - 47%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuer by issuer correlation of defaults
 
82% - 83%
Mortgage servicing rights
 
140

 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Constant prepayment rates
 
11% - 50%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Option adjusted spread
 
8% - 14%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated annualized costs to service
 
$87 - $329 per account
Domestic deposits (structured deposits)(1)(2)
 
(1,867
)
 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
18% - 22%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
14% - 72%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%
Long-term debt (structured notes)(1)(2)
 
(746
)
 
Option adjusted discounted cash flows
 
Implied volatility of currency pairs
 
18% - 22%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity Index volatility
 
14% - 72%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity / Equity and Equity / Index correlation
 
48% - 59%
 
(1) 
We are the client-facing entity and we enter into identical but opposite derivatives to transfer the resultant risks to our affiliates. With the exception of counterparty credit risks, we are market neutral. The corresponding intra-group derivatives are presented as equity derivatives and foreign exchange derivatives in the table.
(2) 
Structured deposits and structured notes contain embedded derivative features whose fair value measurements contain significant Level 3 inputs.
Fair Value Hierarchy Level within Which Fair Value of Financial and Non-Financial Assets has been Recorded
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy level within which the fair value of the financial and non-financial assets has been recorded as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The gains (losses) during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are also included.
 
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
as of March 31, 2016
 
Total Gains (Losses)
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2016
  
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans held for sale(1)
$

 
$

 
$
376

 
$
376

 
$
(33
)
Consumer loans(2)

 
19

 

 
19

 
(5
)
Commercial loans held for sale(3)

 
12

 

 
12

 
(27
)
Impaired commercial loans(4)

 

 
155

 
155

 
(183
)
Real estate owned(5)

 
23

 

 
23

 
1

Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$

 
$
54

 
$
531

 
$
585

 
$
(247
)
 
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
as of December 31, 2015
 
Total Gains (Losses)
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2015
  
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Residential mortgage loans held for sale(1)
$

 
$
2

 
$
3

 
$
5

 
$

Consumer loans(2)

 
133

 

 
133

 
(10
)
Commercial loans held for sale(3)

 
55

 

 
55

 
(8
)
Impaired commercial loans(4)

 

 
116

 
116

 

Real estate owned(5)

 
22

 

 
22

 
1

Total assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis
$

 
$
212

 
$
119

 
$
331

 
$
(17
)
 
(1) 
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost. Certain residential mortgage loans held for sale have been classified as Level 3 fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy, including certain residential mortgage loans which were transferred to held for sale during the first quarter of 2016 for which significant inputs in estimating fair value were unobservable and, to a lesser extent, certain residential mortgage loans held for sale for which the underlying real estate properties used to determine fair value are illiquid assets as a result of market conditions. Additionally, the fair value of these properties is affected by, among other things, the location, the payment history and the completeness of the loan documentation.
(2) 
Represents residential mortgage loans held for investment whose carrying amount was reduced during the periods presented based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(3) 
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the fair value of the loans held for sale was below cost.
(4) 
Certain commercial loans have undergone troubled debt restructurings and are considered impaired. As a matter of practical expedient, we measure the credit impairment of a collateral-dependent loan based on the fair value of the collateral asset. The collateral often involves real estate properties that are illiquid due to market conditions. As a result, these loans are classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
(5) 
Real estate owned is required to be reported on the balance sheet net of transactions costs. The real estate owned amounts in the table above reflect the fair value unadjusted for transaction costs.
Quantitative Information about Non Recurring Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present quantitative information about non-recurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities classified with Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
As of March 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Instrument Type
 
Fair Value (in millions)
 
Valuation Technique(s)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range of Inputs
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
 
$
376

 
Third party appraisal valuation based on estimated loss severities,
 
Loss severity rates
 
0% - 100%
 
 
 
 
including collateral values and market discount rate
 
Market discount
rate
 
8% - 14%
Impaired commercial loans
 
155

 
Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral
 
Loss severity rates
 
0% - 100%
As of December 31, 2015
Financial Instrument Type
 
Fair Value (in millions)
 
Valuation Technique(s)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range of Inputs
Residential mortgage loans held for sale
 
$
3

 
Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral
 
Loss severity rates
 
0% - 100%
Impaired commercial loans
 
116

 
Valuation of third party appraisal
on underlying collateral
 
Loss severity rates
 
0% - 70%
Additional Information Relating to Asset-Backed Securities and Collateralized Debt Obligations
The following tables provide additional information relating to asset-backed securities as well as certain collateralized debt obligations held as of March 31, 2016:
Trading asset-backed securities:
Rating of Securities:(1)
Collateral Type:
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
(in millions)
AAA -A
Residential mortgages - Alt A
$
57

 
$

 
$
57

 
Residential mortgages - Subprime
44

 

 
44

 
Student loans
87

 

 
87

 
Total AAA -A
188

 

 
188

BBB -B
Collateralized debt obligations

 
210

 
210

CCC-Unrated
Residential mortgages - Subprime
6

 

 
6

 
 
$
194

 
$
210

 
$
404

Available-for-sale securities backed by collateral:
Rating of Securities:(1)
Collateral Type:
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
 
(in millions)
AAA -A
Commercial mortgages
$
9

 
$

 
$
9

 
Home equity - Alt A
70

 

 
70

 
Other
492

 

 
492

 
Total AAA -A
$
571

 
$

 
$
571

 
(1)  
We utilize S&P as the primary source of credit ratings in the tables above. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order. Ratings for collateralized debt obligations represent the ratings associated with the underlying collateral.