Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business, the derivative instruments entered into are for trading, market making and risk management purposes. For financial reporting purposes, a derivative instrument is designated in one of the following categories: (a) financial instruments held for trading, (b) hedging instruments designated as a qualifying hedge under derivative and hedge accounting principles or (c) a non-qualifying economic hedge. The derivative instruments held are predominantly swaps, futures, options and forward contracts. All freestanding derivatives, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, are stated at fair value. Where we enter into enforceable master netting arrangements with counterparties, the master netting arrangements permit us to net those derivative asset and liability positions and to offset cash collateral held and posted with the same counterparty.

Derivatives Held for Risk Management Purposes Our risk management policy requires us to identify, analyze and manage risks arising from the activities conducted during the normal course of business. We use derivative instruments as an asset and liability management tool to manage our exposures in interest rate, foreign currency and credit risks in existing assets and liabilities, commitments and forecasted transactions. The accounting for changes in fair value of a derivative instrument will depend on whether the derivative has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting.

We designate derivative instruments to offset the fair value risk and cash flow risk arising from fixed-rate and floating-rate assets and liabilities as well as forecasted transactions. We assess the hedging relationships, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, using a regression approach to determine whether the designated hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or the cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. Accounting principles for qualifying hedges require us to prepare detailed documentation describing the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, including, but not limited to, the risk management objective, the hedging strategy and the methods to assess and measure the ineffectiveness of the hedging relationship. We discontinue hedge accounting when we determine that the hedge is no longer highly effective, the hedging instrument is terminated, sold or expired, the designated forecasted transaction is not probable of occurring, or when the designation is removed by us.

In the tables below, the fair value disclosed does not include collateral that we either receive or deposit with our interest rate swap counterparties. Such collateral is recorded on our balance sheet at an amount which approximates fair value and is netted on the balance sheet with the fair value amount recognized for derivative instruments.

Fair Value Hedges In the normal course of business, we hold fixed-rate loans and securities and issue fixed-rate senior and subordinated debt obligations. The fair value of fixed-rate (USD and non-USD denominated) assets and liabilities fluctuates in response to changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates. We utilize interest rate swaps, forward and futures contracts and foreign currency swaps to minimize the effect on earnings caused by interest rate and foreign currency volatility.

For reporting purposes, changes in fair value of a derivative designated in a qualifying fair value hedge, along with the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current period earnings. We recognized net losses of $4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to net gains of $11 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012 which are reported in other income in the consolidated statement of income which represents the ineffective portion of all fair value hedges. The interest accrual related to the derivative contract is recognized in interest income.

The changes in the fair value of the hedged item designated in a qualifying hedge are captured as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item (basis adjustment). If the hedging relationship is terminated and the hedged item continues to exist, the basis adjustment is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item. We recorded basis adjustments for active fair value hedges which decreased the carrying amount of our debt by $1 million and increased the carrying amount of our debt by $4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We amortized $3 million and $3 million of basis adjustments related to terminated and/or re-designated fair value hedge relationships during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The total accumulated unamortized basis adjustment amounted to an increase in the carrying amount of our debt of $45 million and $49 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Basis adjustments for active fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities decreased the carrying amount of the securities by $155 million during the three months ended March 31, 2013 compared to a decrease in the carrying amount of the securities by $294 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012. Total accumulated unamortized basis adjustments for active fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities amounted to an increase in carrying amount of $631 million and $836 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments designated and qualifying as fair value hedges and their location on the balance sheet.

Derivative Assets⁽¹⁾

Derivative Liabilities⁽¹⁾

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Location

March 31, 2013

December 31, 2012

Location

March 31, 2013

December 31, 2012

(in millions)

Interest rate contracts

Other assets

Interest, taxes and
other liabilities

668

875


⁽¹⁾	The derivative asset and derivative liabilities presented above may be eligible for netting and consequently may be shown net against a different line item on the consolidated balance sheet. Balance sheet categories in the above table represent the location of the assets and liabilities absent the netting of the balances.

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments in fair value hedges and the hedged items in fair value hedges and their location on the consolidated statement of income.



	Gain (Loss) on Derivative						Gain (Loss) on Hedged Items
	Interest Income (Expense)			Other Income			Interest Income (Expense)			Other Income
	(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Interest rate contracts/AFS Securities	$	(56	)	$	170		$	112		$	(174	)
Interest rate contracts/subordinated debt	4			(1		)	(14		)	1
Total	$	(52	)	$	169		$	98		$	(173	)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
Interest rate contracts/AFS Securities	$	(46	)	$	298		$	179		$	(287	)
Interest rate contracts/subordinated debt	(14		)	4			(15		)	(4		)
Total	$	(60	)	$	302		$	164		$	(291	)

Cash Flow Hedges We own or issue floating rate financial instruments and enter into forecasted transactions that give rise to variability in future cash flows. As a part of our risk management strategy, we use interest rate swaps, currency swaps and futures contracts to mitigate risk associated with variability in the cash flows. Changes in fair value of a derivative instrument associated with the effective portion of a qualifying cash flow hedge are recognized initially in other comprehensive income. When the cash flows for which the derivative is hedging materialize and are recorded in income or expense, the associated gain or loss from the hedging derivative previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income is reclassified into earnings in the same accounting period in which the designated forecasted transaction or hedged item affects earnings. If a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction is de-designated because it is no longer highly effective, or if the hedge relationship is terminated, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging derivative to that date will continue to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) unless it is probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period as documented at the inception of the hedge, at which time the cumulative gain or loss is released into earnings. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, active cash flow hedge relationships extend or mature through July 2036. During the three months ended March 2013 and 2012, $4 million and $4 million, respectively, of losses related to terminated and/or re-designated cash flow hedge relationships were amortized to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive income. During the next twelve months, we expect to amortize $11 million of remaining losses to earnings resulting from these terminated and/or re-designated cash flow hedges. The interest accrual related to the derivative contract is recognized in interest income.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges and their location on the consolidated balance sheet.

Derivative Assets⁽¹⁾

Derivative Liabilities⁽¹⁾

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Balance Sheet

Fair Value as of

Location

March 31, 2013

December 31, 2012

Location

March 31, 2013

December 31, 2012

(in millions)

Interest rate contracts

Other assets

Interest, taxes and
other liabilities

198

236


(1)	The derivative asset and derivative liabilities presented above may be eligible for netting and consequently may be shown net against a different line item on the consolidated balance sheet. Balance sheet categories in the above table represent the location of the assets and liabilities absent the netting of the balances.

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments in cash flow hedges (including amounts recognized in AOCI from all terminated cash flow hedges) and their locations on the consolidated statement of income.



	Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)	Gain (Loss) Reclassed From AOCI into Income (Effective Portion)						Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on the Derivative (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on the Derivative (Ineffective Portion)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2013		2012			2013			2012				2013		2012
	(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	$	34	$	58	Interest income (expense)	$	(4	)	$	(4	)	Other income	$	—	$	(1	)

Trading and Other Derivatives In addition to risk management, we enter into derivative instruments for trading and market making purposes, to repackage risks and structure trades to facilitate clients’ needs for various risk taking and risk modification purposes. We manage our risk exposure by entering into offsetting derivatives with other financial institutions to mitigate the market risks, in part or in full, arising from our trading activities with our clients. In addition, we also enter into buy protection credit derivatives with other market participants to manage our counterparty credit risk exposure. Where we enter into derivatives for trading purposes, realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in trading revenue or residential mortgage banking revenue. Credit losses arising from counterparty risk on over-the-counter derivative instruments and offsetting buy protection credit derivative positions are recognized as an adjustment to the fair value of the derivatives and are recorded in trading revenue.

Derivative instruments designated as economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recorded at fair value through profit and loss. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in other income or residential mortgage banking revenue while the derivative asset or liability positions are reflected as other assets or other liabilities. As of March 31, 2013, we have entered into credit default swaps which are designated as economic hedges against the credit risks within our loan portfolio. In the event of an impairment loss occurring in a loan that is economically hedged, the impairment loss is recognized as provision for credit losses while the gain on the credit default swap is recorded as other income. In addition, we also from time to time have designated certain forward purchase or sale of to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities to economically hedge mortgage servicing rights. Changes in the fair value of TBA positions, which are considered derivatives, are recorded in residential mortgage banking revenue.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments held for trading purposes and their location on the consolidated balance sheet.



	Derivative Assets⁽¹⁾					Derivative Liabilities⁽¹⁾
	Balance Sheet	Fair Value as of				Balance Sheet	Fair Value as of
	Location	March 31, 2013		December 31, 2012		Location	March 31, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Trading assets	$	63,052	$	70,865	Trading liabilities	$	63,355	$	70,450
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading assets	14,331		13,799		Trading liabilities	14,353		13,601
Equity contracts	Trading assets	1,304		1,287		Trading liabilities	1,310		1,291
Precious metals contracts	Trading assets	805		791		Trading liabilities	622		738
Credit contracts	Trading assets	6,685		7,128		Trading liabilities	6,700		7,347
Total		$	86,177	$	93,870		$	86,340	$	93,427


⁽¹⁾	The derivative asset and derivative liabilities presented above may be eligible for netting and consequently may be shown net against a different line item on the consolidated balance sheet. Balance sheet categories in the above table represent the location of the assets and liabilities absent the netting of the balances.

The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments held for other purposes and their location on the consolidated balance sheet.



	Derivative Assets⁽¹⁾					Derivative Liabilities⁽¹⁾
	Balance Sheet	Fair Value as of December 31,				Balance Sheet	Fair Value as of December 31,
	Location	March 31, 2013		December 31, 2012		Location	March 31, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	801	$	901	Interest, taxes and other liabilities	$	90	$	97
Foreign exchange contracts	Other assets	37		52		Interest, taxes and other liabilities	33		17
Equity contracts	Other assets	653		472		Interest, taxes and other liabilities	116		126
Credit contracts	Other assets	5		1		Interest, taxes and other liabilities	9		4
Total		$	1,496	$	1,426		$	248	$	244


⁽¹⁾	The derivative asset and derivative liabilities presented above may be eligible for netting and consequently may be shown net against a different line item on the consolidated balance sheet. Balance sheet categories in the above table represent the location of the assets and liabilities absent the netting of the balances.

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments held for trading purposes and their locations on the consolidated statement of income.



	Location of Gain (Loss)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended March 31,	Recognized in Income on Derivatives	2013			2012
	(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Trading revenue	$	86		$	18
Interest rate contracts	Residential mortgage banking revenue	(7		)	(16		)
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading revenue	(138		)	399
Equity contracts	Trading revenue	(2		)	18
Precious metals contracts	Trading revenue	42			35
Credit contracts	Trading revenue	147			(228		)
Total		$	128		$	226

The following table presents information on gains and losses on derivative instruments held for other purposes and their locations on the consolidated statement of income.



	Location of Gain (Loss)	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Three Months Ended March 31,	Recognized in Income on Derivatives	2013			2012
	(in millions)
Interest rate contracts	Other income	$	(62	)	$	(90	)
Interest rate contracts	Residential mortgage banking revenue	(1		)	7
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income	(31		)	14
Equity contracts	Other income	315			364
Credit contracts	Other income	—			(3		)
Total		$	221		$	292

Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features We enter into total return swap, interest rate swap, cross-currency swap and credit default swap contracts, amongst others which contain provisions that require us to maintain a specific credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. Sometimes the derivative instrument transactions are a part of broader structured product transactions. If HSBC Bank USA’s credit ratings were to fall below the current ratings, the counterparties to our derivative instruments could demand us to post additional collateral. The amount of additional collateral required to be posted will depend on whether HSBC Bank USA is downgraded by one or more notches and whether the downgrade is in relation to long-term or short-term ratings. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position as of March 31, 2013, is $8.8 billion for which we have posted collateral of $7.0 billion. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position as of December 31, 2012, is $8.7 billion for which we have posted collateral of $7.9 billion. Substantially all of the collateral posted is in the form of available-for-sale. See Note 20, “Guarantee Arrangements and Pledged Assets,” for further details.

In the event of a credit downgrade, we currently do not expect HSBC Bank USA’s long-term ratings to go below A2 and A+ or the short-term ratings to go below P-2 and A-1 by Moody’s and S&P, respectively. The following tables summarize our obligation to post additional collateral (from the current collateral level) in certain hypothetical commercially reasonable downgrade scenarios. It is not appropriate to accumulate or extrapolate information presented in the tables below to determine our total obligation because the information presented to determine the obligation in hypothetical rating scenarios is not mutually exclusive.



Moody’s	Long-Term Ratings
Short-Term Ratings	A1		A2		A3
	(in millions)
P-1	$	—	$	2	$	269
P-2	2		70		269



S&P	Long-Term Ratings
Short-Term Ratings	AA-		A+		A
	(in millions)
A-1+	$	—	$	68	$	68
A-1	19		19		286

We would be required to post $21 million of additional collateral on total return swaps and certain other transactions if HSBC Bank USA is downgraded by S&P and Moody’s by two notches on our long term rating accompanied by one notch downgrade in our short term rating.

Notional Value of Derivative Contracts The following table summarizes the notional values of derivative contracts.



	March 31, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(in billions)
Interest rate:
Futures and forwards	$	242.7	$	313.9
Swaps	3,077.2		2,842.6
Options written	110.0		43.3
Options purchased	107.8		44.2
	3,537.7		3,244.0
Foreign Exchange:
Swaps, futures and forwards	946.5		743.7
Options written	74.6		54.9
Options purchased	—		55.5
Spot	86.0		56.3
	1,107.1		910.4
Commodities, equities and precious metals:
Swaps, futures and forwards	49.4		48.1
Options written	22.7		21.0
Options purchased	23.2		21.4
	95.3		90.5
Credit derivatives	463.5		484.9
Total	$	5,203.6	$	4,729.8