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Revenue
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
IDEX is an applied solutions company specializing in the manufacture of fluid and metering technologies, health and science technologies and fire, safety and other diversified products built to customers’ specifications. The Company’s products include industrial pumps, provers, compressors, regenerative blowers, flow meters, injectors, valves and related controls for use in a wide variety of process applications; precision fluidics solutions, including pumps, valves, degassing equipment, corrective tubing, fittings and complex manifolds, optical filters and specialty medical equipment and devices for use in life science applications; precision-engineered equipment for dispensing, metering and mixing paints; and engineered products for industrial and commercial markets, including fire and rescue, transportation equipment, oil and gas, electronics and communications.

Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those products or providing those services. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of the consideration is probable. The Company determines the appropriate revenue recognition for contracts with customers by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of each contract or arrangement with a customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company has a comprehensive offering of products, including technologies, built to customers’ specifications that are sold in niche markets throughout the world. The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reporting unit and geographical region for each segment as the Company believes it best depicts how the amount, nature, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenue was attributed to geographical region based on the location of the customer. The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by reporting unit and geographical region.
Revenue by reporting unit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2021202020212020
Energy$40,068 $55,814 $85,430 $94,328 
Valves29,058 25,714 57,119 51,921 
Water67,958 54,730 129,574 113,066 
Pumps89,080 60,555 171,431 142,385 
Agriculture25,113 22,299 51,088 44,273 
Intersegment elimination(438)(190)(737)(339)
Fluid & Metering Technologies250,839 218,922 493,905 445,634 
Scientific Fluidics & Optics130,435 106,564 244,792 212,706 
Sealing Solutions69,165 45,201 134,736 100,531 
Performance Pneumatic Technologies(1)
30,302 28,039 63,174 55,385 
Micropump8,639 7,272 16,275 14,987 
Material Processing Technologies36,471 28,592 66,404 56,118 
Intersegment elimination(716)(434)(1,578)(1,037)
Health & Science Technologies274,296 215,234 523,803 438,690 
Fire & Safety97,992 92,295 194,802 186,363 
BAND-IT23,864 16,303 49,677 41,536 
Dispensing38,956 18,478 75,817 43,501 
Intersegment elimination— 17 (21)(13)
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products160,812 127,093 320,275 271,387 
Total net sales$685,947 $561,249 $1,337,983 $1,155,711 

(1) This reporting unit was previously called the Gast reporting unit and was renamed Performance Pnuematic Technologies upon the acquisition date of Airtech. Prior to that date all amounts reflect only the Gast business.
Revenue by geographical region for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
FMTHSTFSDPIDEX
U.S.$131,116 $113,847 $71,846 $316,809 
North America, excluding U.S.14,131 4,422 8,153 26,706 
Europe 52,651 95,564 45,413 193,628 
Asia37,906 51,262 26,828 115,996 
Other (1)
15,473 9,917 8,572 33,962 
Intersegment elimination(438)(716)— (1,154)
Total net sales$250,839 $274,296 $160,812 $685,947 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
FMTHSTFSDPIDEX
U.S.$134,299 $93,103 $63,640 $291,042 
North America, excluding U.S. 11,359 4,526 5,031 20,916 
Europe 39,386 56,000 31,176 126,562 
Asia24,349 57,806 21,543 103,698 
Other (1)
9,719 4,233 5,686 19,638 
Intersegment elimination(190)(434)17 (607)
Total net sales$218,922 $215,234 $127,093 $561,249 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
FMTHSTFSDPIDEX
U.S.$262,077 $207,564 $147,348 $616,989 
North America, excluding U.S.28,960 11,494 15,373 55,827 
Europe 101,296 172,329 87,981 361,606 
Asia71,644 118,981 53,690 244,315 
Other (1)
30,665 15,013 15,904 61,582 
Intersegment elimination(737)(1,578)(21)(2,336)
Total net sales$493,905 $523,803 $320,275 $1,337,983 


Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
FMTHSTFSDPIDEX
U.S.$262,077 $189,099 $138,571 $589,747 
North America, excluding U.S.25,035 10,494 11,300 46,829 
Europe 84,051 123,087 71,246 278,384 
Asia51,134 109,145 38,122 198,401 
Other (1)
23,676 7,902 12,161 43,739 
Intersegment elimination(339)(1,037)(13)(1,389)
Total net sales$445,634 $438,690 $271,387 $1,155,711 

(1) Other includes: South America, Middle East, Australia and Africa.
Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in customer receivables, advance payments or billings in excess of revenue recognized. Customer receivables include both amounts billed and currently due from customers as well as unbilled amounts (contract assets) and are included in Receivables on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed in accordance with contractual terms or as work progresses. Unbilled amounts arise when the timing of billing differs from the timing of revenue recognized, such as when contract provisions require specific milestones to be met before a customer can be billed. Unbilled amounts primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method (defined below) is utilized and the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer as there is not yet a right to invoice in accordance with contractual terms. Unbilled amounts are recorded as a contract asset when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized prior to billing and derecognized when billed in accordance with the terms of the contract. Customer receivables are recorded at face amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for expected losses as a result of customers’ inability to make required payments. Management evaluates the aging of customer receivable balances, the financial condition of its customers, historical trends and the time outstanding of specific balances to estimate the amount of customer receivables that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision.

The composition of Customer receivables was as follows:
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Billed receivables$340,467 $273,536 
Unbilled receivables13,737 14,752 
Total customer receivables$354,204 $288,288 

Advance payments, deposits and billings in excess of revenue recognized are included in Deferred revenue which is classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The current portion is included in Accrued expenses and the noncurrent portion is included in Other noncurrent liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advance payments and deposits represent contract liabilities and are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations satisfied over time. The Company generally receives advance payments from customers related to maintenance services which the Company recognizes ratably over the service term. The Company also receives deposits from customers on certain orders which the Company recognizes as revenue at a point in time. Billings in excess of revenue recognized represent contract liabilities and primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method (defined below) is utilized and revenue cannot yet be recognized as the Company has not completed the corresponding performance obligation. Contract liabilities are derecognized when revenue is recognized and the performance obligation is satisfied.

The composition of Deferred revenue was as follows:
June 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Deferred revenue - current$41,471 $28,374 
Deferred revenue - noncurrent35,239 30,354 
Total deferred revenue$76,710 $58,728 

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For contracts that require complex design, manufacturing and installation activities, certain performance obligations may not be separately identifiable from other performance obligations in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. As a result, the entire contract is accounted for as a single performance obligation. For contracts that include distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer over time, they are recognized as a series of distinct products or services. Certain contracts have multiple performance obligations for which the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation using an estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct product or
service in the contract. For product sales, each product sold to a customer generally represents a distinct performance obligation. In such cases, the observable standalone sales are used to determine the standalone selling price. In certain cases, the Company may be required to estimate standalone selling price using the expected cost plus margin approach, under which it forecasts the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct product or service.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time as work progresses. Performance obligations are supported by contracts with customers that provide a framework for the nature of the distinct product or service or bundle of products and services. The Company defines service revenue as revenue from activities that are not associated with the design, development or manufacture of a product or the delivery of a software license.

Revenue from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time approximated 95% and 96% of total revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 95% of total revenues in each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with the customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the asset, which is in line with shipping terms.

Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time approximated 5% and 4% of total revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 5% of total revenues in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Revenue earned by certain business units within the Water, Energy, Material Processing Technologies (“MPT”) and Dispensing reporting units is recognized over time because control transfers continuously to customers. When accounting for over-time contracts, the Company uses an input measure to determine the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For certain business units within the Water, Energy and MPT reporting units, revenue is recognized over time as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred to date for each contract and the total estimated costs for such contract at completion of the performance obligation (i.e. the cost-to-cost method). The Company believes this measure of progress best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contracts. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For certain business units within the Energy and Dispensing reporting units, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of the Company’s contracts, the Company reviews and updates its estimates regularly. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is reasonably possible that completion costs, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, will be revised. Such revisions to costs and income are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined as a cumulative catch-up adjustment. The impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, the Company recognizes provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.

The Company records allowances for discounts and product returns at the time of sale as a reduction of revenue as such allowances can be reliably estimated based on historical experience and known trends. The Company also offers product warranties (primarily assurance-type) and accrues its estimated exposure for warranty claims at the time of sale based upon the length of the warranty period, warranty costs incurred and any other related information known to the Company.