Restructuring

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded $4.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively, of restructuring costs as part of restructuring initiatives that support the implementation of key strategic efforts designed to facilitate long-term, sustainable growth through cost reduction actions, primarily consisting of employee reductions and facility rationalization. The restructuring costs included severance benefits and exit costs which were included in Restructuring expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Severance costs primarily consisted of severance benefits through payroll continuation, COBRA subsidies, outplacement services, conditional separation costs and employer tax liabilities, while exit costs primarily consisted of asset disposals or impairments and lease exit and contract termination costs.

Pre-tax restructuring expenses by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Severance Costs		Exit Costs		Total
Fluid & Metering Technologies	$	809	$	18	$	827
Health & Science Technologies	2,951		165		3,116
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	60		—		60
Corporate/Other	618		—		618
Total restructuring costs	$	4,438	$	183	$	4,621



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Severance Costs		Exit Costs		Total
Fluid & Metering Technologies	$	1,160	$	153	$	1,313
Health & Science Technologies	4,950		348		5,298
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	427		—		427
Corporate/Other	1,213		—		1,213
Total restructuring costs	$	7,750	$	501	$	8,251

Restructuring accruals of $6.4 million and $4.2 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, are recorded in Accrued expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Severance benefits are expected to be paid within the next twelve months using cash from operations. The changes in the restructuring accrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:



	Restructuring
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	4,180
Restructuring expenses	8,251
Payments, utilization and other	(6,040		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	6,391