Revenue

IDEX is an applied solutions company specializing in the manufacture of fluid and metering technologies, health and science technologies, and fire, safety and other diversified products built to customers’ specifications. The Company’s products include industrial pumps, compressors, flow meters, injectors and valves, and related controls for use in a wide variety of process applications; precision fluidics solutions, including pumps, valves, degassing equipment, corrective tubing, fittings, and complex manifolds, optical filters and specialty medical equipment and devices for use in life science applications; precision-engineered equipment for dispensing, metering and mixing paints; and engineered products for industrial and commercial markets, including fire and rescue, transportation equipment, oil & gas, electronics and communications. The Company’s revenue is accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which we adopted on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflect the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those products or providing those services. We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We determine the appropriate revenue recognition for our contracts with customers by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of each contract or arrangement with a customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have a comprehensive offering of products, including technologies, built to customers’ specifications that are sold in niche markets throughout the world. We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by reporting unit and geographical region for each of our segments as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Geographical region is based on the location of the customer. The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by reporting unit and geographical region.

Revenue by reporting unit was as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Energy	$	38,759
Valves	26,029
Water	58,840
Pumps	80,666
Agriculture	28,039
Intersegment elimination	(72		)
Fluid & Metering Technologies	232,261
Scientific Fluidics & Optics	99,507
Sealing Solutions	53,702
Gast	28,512
Micropump	9,298
Material Processing Technologies	30,056
Intersegment elimination	(108		)
Health & Science Technologies	220,967
Fire & Safety	96,212
Band-It	27,474
Dispensing	35,487
Intersegment elimination	(77		)
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	159,096
Total net sales	$	612,324

Revenue by geographical region was as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	FMT			HST			FSDP			IDEX
U.S.	$	133,153		$	93,808		$	72,497		$	299,458
Europe	43,599			73,779			47,119			164,497
Asia	26,398			44,548			24,233			95,179
Rest of world ⁽¹⁾	29,183			8,940			15,324			53,447
Intersegment elimination	(72		)	(108		)	(77		)	(257		)
Total net sales	$	232,261		$	220,967		$	159,096		$	612,324

⁽¹⁾ Rest of world includes: North America excluding U.S., South America, Middle East, Australia and Africa.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in customer receivables, advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Customer receivables include amounts billed and currently due from customers as well as unbilled amounts (contract assets) and are included in Receivables on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed in accordance with contractual terms or as work progresses in accordance with contractual terms. Unbilled amounts arise when the timing of billing differs from the timing of revenue recognized, such as when contract provisions require specific milestones to be met before a customer can be billed. Unbilled amounts primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method is utilized and the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer as there is not yet a right to payment in accordance with contractual terms. Unbilled amounts are recorded as a contract asset when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized prior to billing and derecognized when billed in accordance with the terms of the contract. Customer receivables are recorded at face amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses as a result of customers’ inability to make required payments. Management evaluates the aging of the customer receivable balances, the financial condition of its customers, historical trends and the time outstanding of specific balances to estimate the amount of customer receivables that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision.

The composition of Customer receivables was as follows:



	March 31, 2018		January 1, 2018
Billed receivables	$	318,305	$	285,800
Unbilled receivables	13,296		11,996
Total customer receivables	$	331,601	$	297,796

Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized are included in Deferred revenue which is classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. The current portion is included in Accrued expenses and the noncurrent portion is included in Other noncurrent liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized represent contract liabilities and are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations satisfied over time. Billings in excess of revenue recognized primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method is utilized and revenue cannot yet be recognized as the Company has not completed the corresponding performance obligation. We generally receive advance payments from customers related to maintenance services which we recognize ratably over the service term. Contract liabilities are derecognized when revenue is recognized and the performance obligation is satisfied.

The composition of Deferred revenue was as follows:



	March 31, 2018		January 1, 2018
Deferred revenue - current	$	12,586	$	11,031
Deferred revenue - noncurrent	3,489		3,297
Total deferred revenue	$	16,075	$	14,328

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For our contracts that require complex design, manufacturing and installation activities that are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct, the entire contract is accounted for as a single performance obligation. For our contracts that include distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer over time, they are recognized as a series of distinct products or services. Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations for which we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation using an estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct product or service in the contract. For product sales, each product sold to a customer generally represents a distinct performance obligation. In such cases, the observable standalone sales are used to determine the standalone selling price. In certain cases, we may be required to estimate standalone selling price using the expected cost plus margin approach, under which we forecast our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then add an appropriate margin for that distinct product or service.

Our performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time as work progresses. Performance obligations are supported by contracts with customers that provide a framework for the nature of the distinct products, services or bundle of products and services. We define service revenue as revenue from activities that are not associated with the design, development or manufacture of a product or the delivery of a software license.

Revenue from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time represented 95% of our revenue in the first three months of 2018. The revenue recognized at a point in time relates to the sale of the majority of our products. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with our customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the asset, which is in line with shipping terms.

Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time represented 5% of our revenue in the first three months of 2018. Revenue earned by certain business units within the Water, Energy, Material Processing Technologies (“MPT”) and Dispensing reporting units is recognized over time because control transfers continuously to our customers. When accounting for over-time contracts, we use an input measure to determine the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. For certain business units within the Water, Energy and MPT reporting units, revenue is recognized over time as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred to date for each contract and the total estimated costs for such contract at completion of the performance obligation (i.e. the cost-to-cost method). We believe this measure of progress best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. For certain business units within the Energy and Dispensing reporting units, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our estimates regularly. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is reasonably possible that completion costs, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, will be revised. Such revisions to costs and income are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined as a cumulative catch-up adjustment. The impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined.

The Company records allowances for discounts, product returns and customer incentives at the time of sale as a reduction of revenue as such allowances can be reliably estimated based on historical experience and known trends. The Company also offers product warranties (primarily assurance-type) and accrues its estimated exposure for warranty claims at the time of sale based upon the length of the warranty period, warranty costs incurred and any other related information known to the Company.