Restructuring

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the third and fourth quarters of 2015 and the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded restructuring costs as a part of restructuring initiatives that support the implementation of key strategic efforts designed to facilitate long-term, sustainable growth through cost reduction actions, primarily consisting of employee reductions and facility rationalization. The costs incurred related to these initiatives were included in Restructuring expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations while the related accruals were included in Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Severance costs primarily consisted of severance benefits through payroll continuation, COBRA subsidies, outplacement services, conditional separation costs and employer tax liabilities, while exit costs primarily consisted of asset disposals or impairments and lease exit costs.

2016 Initiative

During 2016 the Company recorded pre-tax restructuring expenses totaling $3.7 million related to the 2016 restructuring initiative. These expenses consisted of employee severance related to employee reductions across various functional areas. The 2016 restructuring initiative included severance benefits for 129 employees. Severance payments are expected to be substantially paid by the end of 2017 using cash from operations. The Company expects an additional $2 to $3 million of pre-tax restructuring expenses in the first quarter of 2017 related to the 2016 initiative.

Pre-tax restructuring expenses, comprised solely of severance costs, by segment for 2016 are as follows:



	Total Restructuring Costs
	(In thousands)
Fluid & Metering Technologies	$	932
Health & Science Technologies	1,117
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	1,425
Corporate/Other	200
Total restructuring costs	$	3,674

2015 Initiative

During 2015 the Company recorded pre-tax restructuring expenses totaling $11.2 million related to the 2015 restructuring initiative. These expenses consisted of employee severance related to employee reductions across various functional areas. The 2015 restructuring initiative included severance benefits for 208 employees. Severance payments are expected to be paid by March 31, 2017 using cash from operations.

Pre-tax restructuring expenses, comprised solely of severance costs, by segment for 2015 are as follows:



	Total Restructuring Costs
	(In thousands)
Fluid & Metering Technologies	$	7,090
Health & Science Technologies	3,408
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	576
Corporate/Other	165
Total restructuring costs	$	11,239

2014 Initiative

During 2014 the Company recorded pre-tax restructuring expenses in the fourth quarter totaling $13.7 million related to the 2014 restructuring initiative. These expenses consisted of employee severance related to employee reductions across various functional areas as well as exit costs and asset impairments. The 2014 restructuring initiative included severance benefits for 217 employees. Severance payments were fully paid by the end of 2015 using cash from operations.

Pre-tax restructuring expenses by segment for 2014 were as follows:



	Severance Costs		Exit Costs and Asset Impairments		Total
	(In thousands)
Fluid & Metering Technologies	$	6,413	$	—	$	6,413
Health & Science Technologies	3,520		1,392		4,912
Fire & Safety/Diversified Products	908		126		1,034
Corporate/Other	1,313		—		1,313
Total restructuring costs	$	12,154	$	1,518	$	13,672

Restructuring accruals of $3.9 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, are reflected in Accrued expenses in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:



	Restructuring Initiatives
	(In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	6,056
Restructuring expenses	11,239
Payments, utilization and other	(10,659		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	6,636
Restructuring expenses	3,674
Payments, utilization and other	(6,417		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	3,893