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Income Taxes (Unaudited)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
Geographic sources of FCX’s benefit from (provision for) income taxes follow (in millions):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 20202019
U.S. operations$56 
a
$73 
b
International operations(389)
c
(254)
Total$(333)$(181)
d
a.Includes a tax credit of $53 million associated with the reversal of a year-end 2019 tax charge related to the sale of FCX’s interest in the lower zone of the Timok exploration project in Serbia.
b.Includes tax credits totaling $24 million primarily associated with state law changes and settlement of state income tax examinations.
c.Includes a tax charge of $21 million ($17 million net of noncontrolling interests) associated with establishing a tax reserve related to the treatment of prior year contractor support costs.
d.Includes net tax charges totaling $49 million primarily to adjust deferred taxes on historical balance sheet items in accordance with tax accounting principles.
Variations in the relative proportions of jurisdictional income result in fluctuations to FCX’s consolidated effective income tax rate. FCX’s consolidated effective income tax rate was 102 percent for the first nine months of 2020 and 302 percent for the first nine months of 2019. Because FCX's U.S. jurisdiction generated net losses in the first nine
months of 2020 and 2019 that will not result in a realized tax benefit, applicable accounting rules require FCX to adjust its estimated annual effective tax rate to exclude the impact of U.S. net losses.

In connection with the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, governments throughout the world are announcing measures that are intended to provide tax and other financial relief. Such measures include the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), signed into law by President Trump on March 27, 2020. None of these measures resulted in material impacts to FCX’s provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. However, certain provisions of the CARES Act provided FCX with the opportunity to accelerate collections of tax refunds, primarily those associated with the U.S. alternative minimum tax. FCX collected U.S. alternative minimum tax credit refunds of $221 million in July 2020 and $24 million in October 2020. FCX expects to collect an additional $23 million within the next 12 months. FCX continues to evaluate income tax accounting considerations of COVID-19 measures as they develop, including any impact on its measurement of existing deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. FCX will recognize any impact from COVID-19 related changes to tax laws in the period in which the new legislation is enacted.