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Income Taxes (Unaudited)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
Geographic sources of FCX's provision for income taxes follow (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
United States operations
$
98

 
$
163

 
$
291

 
$
421

International operations
117

a 
645

 
837

a 
2,277

Total
$
215

 
$
808

 
$
1,128

 
$
2,698



a.
Included a net tax benefit of $234 million associated with an adjustment to Cerro Verde's deferred income tax liability.

FCX’s consolidated effective income tax rate was 27 percent (33 percent excluding Cerro Verde's $234 million net deferred tax liability adjustment) for the first nine months of 2012 and 36 percent for the first nine months of 2011. Variations in the relative proportions of jurisdictional income can result in fluctuations to FCX’s consolidated effective income tax rate.

With the exception of Tenke Fungurume S.A.R.L. (TFM), FCX has not elected to permanently reinvest earnings from its foreign subsidiaries and has recorded deferred tax liabilities for foreign earnings that are available to be repatriated to the U.S. Cerro Verde previously recorded deferred Peruvian income tax liabilities for income taxes that would become payable if the reinvested profits used to fund the initial Cerro Verde sulfide expansion are distributed prior to the expiration of Cerro Verde's current stability agreement on December 31, 2013. Reinvested profits are not expected to be distributed prior to December 31, 2013. Accordingly, a net deferred income tax liability of $234 million ($123 million net of noncontrolling interests) was reversed and recognized as an income tax benefit in third-quarter 2012.

In July 2012, Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (Cerro Verde) signed a new 15-year mining stability agreement with the Peruvian government, which is expected to become effective January 1, 2014, after the current mining stability agreement expires on December 31, 2013. In connection with the new mining stability agreement, Cerro Verde's income tax rate will increase from 30 percent to 32 percent. As a result of the change in the income tax rate, FCX recognized additional deferred tax expense of $26 million ($23 million net of noncontrolling interests) in third-quarter 2012, which relates primarily to the assets recorded in connection with the 2007 acquisition of Freeport-McMoRan Corporation (FMC).

In September 2011, Peru enacted a new mining tax and royalty regime and also created a special mining burden that companies with stability agreements could elect to pay. Cerro Verde elected to pay this special mining burden during the remaining term of its stability agreement. As a result, Cerro Verde recognized additional current and deferred tax expense of $57 million ($50 million net of noncontrolling interests) in third-quarter 2011. The deferred portion of this accrual related primarily to the assets recorded in connection with the 2007 acquisition of FMC.