10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________

FORM 10-Q

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 033-36383

PICO HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) 94-2723335 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

7979 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 300 La Jolla, California 92037

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(858) 456-6022

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý

On November 2, 2015, the registrant had 23,017,041 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.

PICO Holdings, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015

Table of Contents

		Page No.
Part I: Financial Information
Item 1:	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income or Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	36
Item 4:	Controls and Procedures	36
Part II: Other Information
Item 1:	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A:	Risk Factors	37
Item 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
Item 3:	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
Item 4:	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
Item 5:	Other Information	47
Item 6:	Exhibits	48
Signatures		49

Part I: Financial Information

Item 1: Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Unaudited (In thousands, except par value)
	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,154		$	62,677
Investments ($22,949 and $28,370 measured at fair value at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively)	26,431			55,671
Real estate and tangible water assets, net	447,180			386,350
Property, plant and equipment, net of $5,487 and $4,742 of accumulated depreciation at September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively	4,715			4,224
Intangible assets, net	126,835			126,612
Other assets	16,483			16,356
Assets held-for-sale	14,028			152,554
Total assets	$	675,826		$	804,444
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Debt	$	170,150		$	135,451
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	35,991			24,591
Deferred compensation	25,461			24,584
Other liabilities	11,804			13,685
Liabilities held-for-sale	1,058			94,588
Total liabilities	244,464			292,899
Commitments and contingencies
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 100,000 shares, 23,095 issued and 23,017 outstanding at September 30, 2015, and 23,083 issued and 23,005 outstanding at December 31, 2014	23			23
Additional paid-in capital	493,830			491,662
Accumulated deficit	(150,195		)	(69,508		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,927			4,717
Treasury stock, at cost (common shares: 78 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014)	(1,413		)	(1,413		)
Total PICO Holdings, Inc. shareholders’ equity	347,172			425,481
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries	84,190			86,064
Total equity	431,362			511,545
Total liabilities and equity	$	675,826		$	804,444

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income or Loss - Unaudited (In thousands, except per share data)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenues and other income:
Sale of real estate and water assets	$	77,044		$	56,742		$	175,718		$	146,168
Impairment on investments							(20,696		)
Other income	1,047			2,416			3,501			6,963
Total revenues and other income	78,091			59,158			158,523			153,131
Cost of sales:
Cost of real estate and water assets sold	60,626			46,604			142,566			119,260
Expenses:
Operating and other costs	14,986			16,649			47,034			47,320
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets	727						2,090			2,865
Depreciation and amortization	653			894			1,649			2,126
Total cost of sales and expenses	76,992			64,147			193,339			171,571
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	1,099			(4,989		)	(34,816		)	(18,440		)
Provision (benefit) for federal, foreign, and state income taxes	22			(179		)	(2,949		)	(535		)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate	(1,942		)	(410		)	(3,422		)	(1,569		)
Loss from continuing operations	(865		)	(5,220		)	(35,289		)	(19,474		)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225		)	(5,221		)	(29,520		)	(4,962		)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(1,348		)				(18,251		)
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573		)	(5,221		)	(47,771		)	(4,962		)
Net loss	(12,438		)	(10,441		)	(83,060		)	(24,436		)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,654		)	504			2,373			3,091
Net loss attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$	(14,092	)	$	(9,937	)	$	(80,687	)	$	(21,345	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income or Loss - Unaudited, Continued (In thousands, except per share data)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	$	(12,438	)	$	(10,441	)	$	(83,060	)	$	(24,436	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities, net of deferred income tax and reclassification adjustments	12			(767		)	295			(337		)
Foreign currency translation	(48		)	247			(85		)	245
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36		)	(520		)	210			(92		)
Comprehensive loss	(12,474		)	(10,961		)	(82,850		)	(24,528		)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,654		)	504			2,373			3,091
Comprehensive loss attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$	(14,128	)	$	(10,457	)	$	(80,477	)	$	(21,437	)
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted:
Loss from continuing operations	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.24	)	$	(1.51	)	$	(0.75	)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations	(0.50		)	(0.20		)	(2.00		)	(0.19		)
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.44	)	$	(3.51	)	$	(0.94	)
Weighted average shares outstanding	23,017			22,770			23,010			22,757

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity - Unaudited

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

(In thousands)

	Shares of Common Stock Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Shares of Treasury Stock	Treasury Stock, at Cost			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2015	23,083	$	23	$	491,662		$	(69,508	)	$	4,717		78	$	(1,413	)	$	86,064		$	511,545
Stock-based compensation expense				2,379													674			3,053
Exercise of restricted stock units	12
Withholding taxes paid on vested restricted stock units at UCP, Inc.				(211		)											(159		)	(370		)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest																	(16		)	(16		)
Net loss							(80,687		)								(2,373		)	(83,060		)
Unrealized loss on investments, net of deferred income tax of $159 and reclassification adjustments of $581										295										295
Foreign currency translation										(85		)								(85		)
Ending balance, September 30, 2015	23,095	$	23	$	493,830		$	(150,195	)	$	4,927		78	$	(1,413	)	$	84,190		$	431,362

	Shares of Common Stock Issued	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Shares of Treasury Stock		Treasury Stock, at Cost			Noncontrolling Interest			Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2014	25,821	$	26	$	546,307		$	(17,083	)	$	232		3,073		$	(56,593	)	$	91,956		$	564,845
Stock-based compensation expense				4,273														1,540			5,813
Sale of treasury stock													(10	)	223						223
Exercise of restricted stock units	15
Withholding taxes paid on vested restricted stock units at UCP, Inc.				(800		)												(817		)	(1,617		)
Net loss							(21,345		)									(3,091		)	(24,436		)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of deferred income tax of $186 and reclassification adjustments of $1,813										(337		)									(337		)
Foreign currency translation										245											245
Ending balance, September 30, 2014	25,836	$	26	$	549,780		$	(38,428	)	$	140		3,063		$	(56,370	)	$	89,588		$	544,736

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Unaudited (In thousands)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
Operating activities:
Cash used in operating activities - continuing operations	$	(58,060	)	$	(80,271	)
Cash used in operating activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	(17,462		)	(2,228		)
Net cash used in operating activities	(75,522		)	(82,499		)
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments	(1,782		)	(9,995		)
Proceeds from sale of investments	7,055			21,954
Proceeds from maturity of investments	1,343
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(1,999		)	(3,806		)
Cash used in the acquisition of consolidated subsidiaries				(14,006		)
Other investing activities, net	79			(209		)
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities - continuing operations	4,696			(6,062		)
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	100,098			(4,919		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	104,794			(10,981		)
Financing activities:
Repayment of debt	(174,533		)	(75,218		)
Payment of withholding taxes on exercise of restricted stock units	(370		)	(1,619		)
Debt issuance costs	(698		)
Proceeds from debt	125,294			86,583
Proceeds from the sale of treasury stock				223
Distribution to noncontrolling interests	(16		)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(50,323		)	9,969
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash				1,621
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(21,051		)	(81,890		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	62,978			138,039
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	41,927			56,149
Less cash and cash equivalents of discontinued agribusiness operations at the end of the period	1,773			482
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of the period	$	40,154		$	55,667
Supplemental cash flow information:
Refunds of federal, foreign, and state income taxes	$	(72	)	$	(1,991	)
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized (primarily in discontinued agribusiness operations)	$	3,295		$	3,604
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Unpaid liability incurred for development costs	$	1,332
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units	$	680		$	4,349
Fair value of assets acquired in Citizens acquisition				$	20,259
Cash paid for acquisition of consolidated subsidiaries				$	(14,006	)
Contingent consideration and liabilities assumed in Citizens acquisition				$	6,253

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

PICO Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Footnote Index

	Page No.
1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	6
2. Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets	7
3. Intangible Assets	7
4. Investments	8
5. Disclosures About Fair Value	10
6. Debt	13
7. Commitments and Contingencies	15
8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	15
9. Related-Party Transactions	16
10. Segment Reporting	17
11. Discontinued Agribusiness Operations	17

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of PICO Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “PICO”) have been prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments and reclassifications considered necessary for a fair and comparable presentation of the financial statements presented have been included and are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements:

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for each reporting period. The significant estimates made in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the assessment of other-than-temporary impairments, the application of the equity method of accounting, goodwill and intangibles, real estate and water assets, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation, and contingent liabilities. While management believes that the carrying value of such assets and liabilities are appropriate, it is reasonably possible that actual results could differ from the estimates upon which the carrying values were based.

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations:

On July 13, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with CHS Inc. (“CHS”), pursuant to which the Company sold substantially all of the assets used in its agribusiness segment. The sale closed on July 31, 2015. As a result of the transaction, the assets and liabilities of the Company’s agribusiness segment qualified as held-for-sale and have been classified as discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of the earliest period presented. Consequently, prior periods presented have been recast from amounts previously reported to reflect the agribusiness segment as discontinued agribusiness operations. The Company recorded a loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations of $18.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. See Note 11 “Discontinued Agribusiness Operations” for additional information.

6

2. Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets

The costs assigned to the various components of real estate and tangible water assets were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Real estate and improvements held and used, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,558 and $10,899 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively	$	9,914	$	10,574
Residential real estate and home construction inventories	384,748		322,938
Other real estate inventories completed or under development	10,000		10,308
Tangible water assets	42,518		42,530
Total real estate and tangible water assets	$	447,180	$	386,350

Amortization of real estate improvements was approximately $219,000 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and was approximately $659,000 for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Impairment Losses for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015:

There were no material impairment losses recognized on real estate and tangible water assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Impairment Losses for the Year Ended December 31, 2014:

During 2014, certain water rights applications were denied by the New Mexico State Engineer and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $3.5 million by writing down the project’s capitalized costs to zero.

During 2014, the Company decided to sell a property “as-is” as opposed to performing development activities as originally planned and has therefore written down the carrying value of the asset to the estimated fair value. The Company has reduced the carrying value of the real estate balance to $1.4 million by recording an impairment loss of $2.9 million.

3. Intangible Assets

The Company owns the following intangible assets, which primarily represent indefinite-lived intangible water assets within its water resource and water storage operations segment (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Pipeline rights and water credits at Fish Springs Ranch	$	83,897	$	83,897
Pipeline rights and water rights at Carson-Lyon	24,831		24,804
Other, net of accumulated amortization	18,107		17,911
Total intangible assets	$	126,835	$	126,612

Impairment Losses for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015:

There were no impairment losses recognized on intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Impairment Losses for the Year Ended December 31, 2014:

As a result of the Company’s annual review of indefinite-lived intangible assets, using a discounted cash flow model, it was determined that the estimated fair values of other intangible assets of approximately $3.3 million were below the carrying value of $5.6 million, resulting in an impairment loss of $2.3 million. This was the first such impairment recorded on these assets.

7

4. Investments

The cost and carrying value of available-for-sale investments were as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2015	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	4,608	$	42	$	(95	)	$	4,555
Marketable equity securities	10,545		7,988		(139		)	18,394
Total available-for-sale investments	$	15,153	$	8,030	$	(234	)	$	22,949

December 31, 2014	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	8,909	$	198	$	(65	)	$	9,042
Marketable equity securities	14,780		7,335		(125		)	21,990
Total available-for-sale investments	$	23,689	$	7,533	$	(190	)	$	31,032

There were no investments that had a material unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

The amortized cost and carrying value of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturity dates may differ from contractual maturity dates because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Carrying Value		Amortized Cost		Carrying Value
Due in one year or less	$	162	$	161	$	3,786	$	3,958
Due after one year through five years	2,689		2,617		3,310		3,255
Due after five years	1,757		1,777		1,813		1,829
Total	$	4,608	$	4,555	$	8,909	$	9,042

Debt Securities

The Company owns corporate bonds and other debt securities, which are purchased based on the maturity and yield-to-maturity of the bond and an analysis of the fundamental characteristics of the issuer. At September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, there were unrealized losses on certain bonds in the portfolio. The Company does not consider those bonds to be other-than-temporarily impaired because the Company expects to hold, and will not be required to sell, these particular bonds, and it expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis at maturity. There were no impairment losses recorded on debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Marketable Equity Securities

The Company’s investment in marketable equity securities was $18.4 million at September 30, 2015, and principally consisted of common stock of publicly traded small-capitalization companies in the U.S. and select foreign markets. At September 30, 2015, the Company reviewed its equity securities in an unrealized loss position and concluded certain of such securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired as the declines were not of sufficient duration and severity, and publicly-available financial information, collectively, did not indicate impairment. The primary cause of the loss on those securities was normal market volatility. No material impairment losses were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

8

Other Investments

The Company owned the following investments that are not classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		Voting Interest		Carrying Value		Voting Interest
Investment in Synthonics	$	2,170	18.3	%	$	2,170	19.6	%
Investment in Mindjet:
Investment in common stock	$	—	19.3	%	$	6,611	15.0	%
Investment in preferred stock	1,312		—	%	15,858		13.4	%
	$	1,312	19.3	%	$	22,469	28.4	%
Total	$	3,482			$	24,639

Investment in Synthonics:

Synthonics, Inc. (“Synthonics”) is a private company co-founded by a member of the Company’s board of directors. The Company’s investment consists of preferred shares as discussed in Note 9 “Related-Party Transactions.”

Investment in Mindjet:

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, Mindjet, Inc. (“Mindjet”) raised additional capital from existing shareholders. The Company elected not to participate in the offering and as a result, the Company’s existing investment in preferred stock was converted to common stock at five shares of preferred stock for one share of common stock, and the Company’s investment in convertible debt was converted into nonvoting preferred stock resulting in a decline in the Company’s voting ownership to 19.3%. In addition, the Company lost its right to a board seat. Given the current voting interest and loss of board representation, the Company determined it no longer had significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Mindjet and therefore discontinued the equity method of accounting during the third quarter of 2015. The remaining investment was held at cost at September 30, 2015. At September 30, 2015 the Company’s total carrying value in Mindjet was $2.2 million, comprised of $1.3 million in preferred stock and a note receivable of $851,000 that is expected to be converted into additional preferred stock during the fourth quarter of 2015.

The Company had previously accounted for the investment in common stock using the equity method of accounting, which resulted in recording a loss of $1.9 million and $3.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and a loss of $410,000 and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The Company’s share of the losses reported by Mindjet during the third quarter of 2015 were allocated to the carrying value of the common stock investment until it reached zero, and then to the preferred stock and convertible debt.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $20.7 million impairment loss on the investment in Mindjet common and preferred shares as the estimated fair value was less than the carrying value due to significantly increased, and continuing operating losses and resulting liquidity issues, actual financial results significantly less than projections, and decreased market conditions that have adversely affected the value of Mindjet. Such loss was recorded in impairment on investments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss. The fair value of the investment in Mindjet was based on an analysis of the financial and operational aspects of the company, including consideration of business enterprise value-to-revenue ratios for comparable public companies to current revenue metrics for the company. Determination of the business enterprise value based on the foregoing was then considered in an analysis of the distribution of equity value to the various classes of debt and equity issued by Mindjet in order to reflect differences in value due to differing liquidation preferences, dividend and voting rights. The fair value approach relied primarily on Level 3 unobservable inputs, whereby expected future cash flows were determined using revenue multiples that included assumptions regarding an entity’s assumptions about risk and uncertainties. The estimates were based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which by their nature are uncertain and unpredictable.

It is reasonably possible that the Company’s ownership percentage in Mindjet will continue to decline as other shareholders fund the ongoing operations with additional equity capital and upon conversion of notes in the fourth quarter of 2015. The Company does not anticipate investing any additional capital into Mindjet.

9

The carrying value of the Company’s investment in Mindjet is subject to impairment testing at each reporting period, or more frequently if facts and circumstances indicate the investment may be impaired. It is reasonably possible that circumstances may continue to deteriorate which could require the Company to record additional impairment losses on the remaining investment balances.

During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a $1.1 million impairment loss on the preferred shares as the estimated fair value of such shares was less than the carrying value. The fair value was determined using a 50/50 weighting of the guideline public company method (market approach) and a discounted cash flow method (income approach).

During 2014, the Company was notified by Mindjet that it was asserting a breach in the representations and warranties made by Spigit, Inc. (“Spigit”) in the September 10, 2013 merger agreement. As part of the notification, Mindjet made a claim against the Mindjet shares held by the former Spigit shareholders, including the Company. A partial settlement was reached by the parties in November 2014 and the Company expects final resolution in 2015. The partial settlement was not material to the Company and was paid in shares of Mindjet. The maximum damages to the Company for the remaining claim is estimated between zero and $1.2 million and any settlement would be paid by the Company in shares of Mindjet. The Company is unable to provide a more meaningful estimate due to the ongoing development of information important to resolving the matter. Consequently, the Company has not accrued any liability related to the claim.

5. Disclosures About Fair Value

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The following tables set forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value, on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2014, $5.6 million in equity securities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of low trading volume and a wide bid/ask spread. There were no significant transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 during the year ended December 31, 2014. There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period.

At September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at September 30, 2015
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,479	$	7,915			$	18,394
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	4,555					$	4,555
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	2,707	$	2,707

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At December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,892	$	11,098			$	21,990
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	6,380					$	6,380
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	3,902	$	3,902

⁽¹⁾ Where there are quoted market prices that are readily available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 available-for-sale investments are valued using quoted market prices multiplied by the number of shares owned and debt securities are valued using a market quote in an active market. All Level 2 available-for-sale securities are one class because they all contain similar risks and are valued using market prices and include securities where the markets are not active, that is where there are few transactions, or the prices are not current or the prices vary considerably over time. Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices. Level 3 available-for-sale securities would include securities where valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

⁽²⁾ Included in this caption is the contingent consideration that the Company entered into as part of the acquisition of Citizens Homes, Inc. (“Citizens”). The contingent consideration arrangement requires the Company to pay up to a maximum of $6 million of additional consideration based upon achievement of various pre-tax net income performance milestones of the new business (“performance milestones”) over a five year period commencing on April 1, 2014. Payout calculations are made based on calendar year performance, except for the sixth payout calculation, which will be calculated based on the achievement of performance milestones from January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019. Payouts are to be made on an annual basis. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the Company could be required to make under the contingent consideration arrangement is between zero and $6 million. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated based on applying the income approach and a weighted probability of achievement of the performance milestones. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated by using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the contingent consideration was then estimated as the arithmetic average of all simulation paths. The model was based on forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The measurement is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, which are defined as Level 3 inputs. Key assumptions include: (1) forecasted adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period, (2) risk-adjusted discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in the forecasted adjusted net income, (3) risk-free interest rates, (4) volatility of adjusted net income, and (5) UCP’s credit spread. The risk adjusted discount rate for adjusted net income was 13.4% plus the applicable risk-free rate resulting in a combined discount rate ranging from 13.2% to 14.1% over the contingent consideration period. The volatility rate of 21.3% and a credit spread of 10.7% were applied to forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset.

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The following tables set forth the Company’s non-financial assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and for the year ended December 31, 2014, by level within the fair value hierarchy.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Oil and gas wells (1)			$	2,542	$	(1,816	)
Real estate and development costs (2)			$	3,400	$	(274	)
Real estate and development costs (3)			$	1,326	$	(1,875	)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate (4)			$	2,163	$	(20,696	)

⁽¹⁾ During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an impairment loss to write down the value of capitalized development costs related to its oil and gas wells. The estimated fair value of the wells was determined using a discounted cash flow model. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the corporate segment.

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the real estate segment.

⁽³⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax and was included in the results of operations of the discontinued agribusiness segment.

⁽⁴⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement on its investment in Mindjet that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Intangible water assets (1)			$	3,638	$	(2,282	)
Tangible water asset and other assets (2)			$	—	$	(3,509	)
Oil and gas wells (3)			$	1,730	$	(4,428	)
Real estate (4)			$	1,357	$	(2,865	)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost (5)			$	15,858	$	(1,078	)

⁽¹⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for intangible assets that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 3 “Intangible Assets.”

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for a tangible water asset that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets.”

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⁽³⁾ Due to the significant decline in crude oil prices during the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed an impairment analysis of the oil and gas wells using a discounted cash flow model. Based on the analysis, the Company wrote down the carrying value of oil wells capitalized to their estimated fair value, resulting in an impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2014.

⁽⁴⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of a real estate asset discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets, Net.”

⁽⁵⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of an investment in an unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are classified include measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active (Level 2), and significant valuation assumptions that are not readily observable in the market (Level 3).

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accounts receivable approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these assets or liabilities. The estimated fair value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated affiliates approximated their carrying values. The estimated fair value of the Company's debt was based on cash flow models discounted at the then-current interest rates and an estimate of the then-current spread above those rates at which the Company could borrow, which are Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of certain of the Company’s other investments, which included investments in preferred stock of private companies, cannot be reasonably estimated on a recurring basis.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments which are not carried at fair value (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities	$	3,482	$	7,986	$	18,028	$	18,028
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates debt securities					$	2,662	$	7,964
Financial liabilities:
Debt	$	170,150	$	176,264	$	135,451	$	150,143

6. Debt

The following table details the Company’s outstanding debt (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
No stated interest, payments through 2017	$	1,935
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017	82,308		$	52,379
5% to 5.5% payments through 2017	5,633		6,918
8% payments through 2018	4,000
Senior Notes: 8.5% payments through 2017	74,670		74,550
10% payments through 2017	1,604		1,604
Total debt	$	170,150	$	135,451

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Debt Provisions, Restrictions, and Covenants on Real Estate Debt:

Certain of UCP’s debt agreements contain various significant financial covenants, each of which UCP was in compliance with at September 30, 2015, as follows.

1) Certain of UCP’s real estate debt include provisions that require minimum loan-to-value ratios. During the term of the loan, the lender may require UCP to obtain a third-party written appraisal of the underlying real estate collateral. If the appraised fair value of the collateral securing the loan is below the specified minimum, UCP may be required to make principal payments in order to maintain the required loan-to-value ratios. As of September 30, 2015, the lenders have not requested and UCP has not obtained any such appraisals.

2) The $75 million of senior notes issued in 2014 by UCP limit UCP’s ability to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional unsecured and secured indebtedness (provided that UCP may incur indebtedness so long as UCP’s ratio of indebtedness to its consolidated tangible assets (on a pro forma basis) would be equal to or less than 45% and provided that the aggregate amount of secured debt may not exceed the greater of $75 million or 30% of UCP’s consolidated tangible assets); pay dividends and make certain investments and other restricted payments; acquire unimproved real property in excess of $75 million per fiscal year or in excess of $150 million over the term of the notes, except to the extent funded with subordinated obligations or the proceeds of equity issuances; create or incur certain liens; transfer or sell certain assets; and merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer or sell all or substantially all of UCP’s consolidated assets.

Additionally, the senior notes require UCP to maintain the following significant covenants, each of which UCP was in compliance with at September 30, 2015.

1) Minimum Unlevered Asset Pool: UCP must maintain $50 million of consolidated tangible assets not subject to liens securing indebtedness. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets not subject to liens securing indebtedness was $167.1 million.

2) Minimum Net Worth: UCP must maintain a minimum net worth of $175 million. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s minimum net worth was $236.1 million.

3) Minimum Liquidity: UCP must maintain a minimum of $15 million of unrestricted cash and/or cash equivalents. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s unrestricted cash and/or cash equivalents was $22.6 million.

4) Decrease in Consolidated Tangible Assets: UCP may not permit decreases in the amount of consolidated tangible assets by more than:

a) $25 million in any fiscal year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets increased $42.6 million.

b) $50 million at any time. Since October 21, 2014, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets increased $112.5 million.

Other:

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had approximately $92.1 million of unused loan commitments within the real estate operations. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had approximately $87.3 million of unused loan commitments within the real estate operations.

The Company capitalized $3.1 million and $8.5 million of interest during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $701,000 and $1.6 million of interest during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, related to construction and real estate development costs.

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7. Commitments and Contingencies

Neither PICO nor its subsidiaries are parties to any potentially material pending legal proceedings.

The Company is subject to various litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against the Company may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such, are not meaningful indicators of the potential liability. The Company regularly reviews contingencies to determine the adequacy of accruals and related disclosures. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates, and it is possible that cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these contingencies.

Whether any losses finally determined in any claim, action, investigation, or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including: the timing and amount of such losses; the structure and type of any remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors.

Lease Commitments

The Company leases some of its offices under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2020. Rent expense for office space was $511,000 and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and was $441,000 and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

Future minimum payments under all operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2015	$	400
2016	1,547
2017	1,414
2018	1,289
2019	531
Thereafter	159
Total	$	5,340

8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments	$	5,068		$	4,773
Foreign currency translation	(141		)	(56		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	4,717

The unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments is net of a deferred income tax liability of $2.7 million at September 30, 2015 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2014.

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The following table reports amounts that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and included in earnings (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	4,963		$	660		$	4,717		$	232
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	83			(202		)	672			841
Unrealized gain reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (1)	(71		)	(565		)	(377		)	(1,178		)
Accumulated foreign currency translation reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (2)	2						342
Total reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	(69		)	(565		)	(35		)	(1,178		)
Change in accumulated foreign currency translation, net of tax	(50		)	247			(427		)	245
Net change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36		)	(520		)	210			(92		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	140		$	4,927		$	140

⁽¹⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on marketable securities are included in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

⁽²⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on foreign exchange are included in other income in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

9. Related-Party Transactions

Deferred Compensation

At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had $25.5 million and $24.6 million, respectively, recorded as deferred compensation payable to various members of management and certain non-employee members of the board of directors of the Company.

Compensation expense or recovery included in operating and other costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income or loss for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was expense of $90,000 and a recovery of $414,000, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was expense of $1.1 million and expense of $600,000, respectively.

On January 20, 2015, the Company sold equity securities with a cost basis of $2.3 million to certain deferred compensation Rabbi Trust accounts held by the Company, for the benefit of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, John R. Hart, for total proceeds of $5 million, which represented the market value of these securities on the date of sale.

Investment in Synthonics

The Company has an investment in preferred stock and an outstanding line of credit with Synthonics, a company co-founded by Mr. Slepicka, a director of the Company, who is currently the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and acting Chief Financial Officer of Synthonics. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had invested $2.2 million for 18.3% of the voting interest in Synthonics. In addition, the Company extended a $450,000 line of credit to Synthonics during 2014, which bears interest at 15% per annum. The outstanding balance and accrued interest was repaid in April 2015.

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10. Segment Reporting

PICO is a diversified holding company engaged in the following operating and reportable segments: Water Resource and Water Storage Operations, Real Estate Operations, Corporate, and Discontinued Agribusiness Operations. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the Company’s 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Management analyzes segments using the following information:

Segment assets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	185,677	$	186,294
Real estate operations	427,993		384,855
Corporate	48,128		80,741
Discontinued agribusiness operations	14,028		152,554
Total assets	$	675,826	$	804,444

Segment revenues and income (loss) before taxes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	3,468		$	1,087		$	4,191		$	1,464
Real estate operations	73,777			55,794			172,243			145,212
Corporate	846			2,277			(17,911		)	6,455
Total revenue and other income	$	78,091		$	59,158		$	158,523		$	153,131
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	834		$	(1,131	)	$	(1,907	)	$	(4,965	)
Real estate operations	3,839			(795		)	(1,661		)	(6,251		)
Corporate	(3,574		)	(3,063		)	(31,248		)	(7,224		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	$	1,099		$	(4,989	)	$	(34,816	)	$	(18,440	)

11. Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

On July 13, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to sell substantially all of the assets used in its agribusiness segment to CHS for a net selling price of $105.3 million. The transaction closed on July 31, 2015. The selling price was determined primarily as an amount equal to $127 million less an estimated $22 million working capital balance adjustment. The final sale price is subject to change upon final calculation of the working capital balance to be determined within 90 days from the date the sale closed. If the final working capital balance is less than the estimated working capital balance, the Company will pay CHS for the shortfall, however the Company will receive additional proceeds if the final working capital balance is greater than the estimated working capital balance. After repayment of $80.9 million of outstanding debt and $5.9 million in selling and other related costs of the sale, the Company received net proceeds of $18.4 million on the date of close.

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The Company was required to deposit $10.2 million of such net proceeds in two separate escrow accounts, which is presented within accounts receivable in the table below. The first escrow account required $6 million to secure general indemnification obligations and for refund of any difference in the final working capital balance. Any balance remaining after payment of indemnification claims will be released 18 months from the closing date of the sale. The second escrow account required $4.2 million for specified operational matters (“operational escrow”). Specified amounts of the operational escrow related to proposed amendments to two environmental permits related to plant operations that are in process, but were not received prior to the closing date of the sale. The first matter related to certain waste water issues at the plant that required a deposit of $1.8 million and the second matter relates to plant air quality issues that required a $2.4 million deposit. During October 2015, the air quality issue was resolved and the Company received the entire $2.4 million deposit. In the event that the waste water permit amendment is not approved by the relevant regulatory authorities, the deposit in the operational escrow will be paid to CHS in satisfaction of the matter. Conversely, if the amendment is approved, the entire deposit will be released to the Company. The Company anticipates resolution within the next six months. Such escrowed balances have been recorded at an estimated fair value that reflects the Company’s expectation that the majority of these funds will eventually be released to the Company. However, any amounts paid by out of these escrow accounts to CHS in excess of the estimate will result in additional loss on the sale.

The Company also guaranteed up to $8 million for any indemnification claims in excess of the $6 million escrow pursuant to the terms of a guaranty agreement with CHS, which was executed at the closing. This guaranty will remain in force for five years from the date of sale. The guaranty has been recorded at estimated fair value that reflects the Company’s expectation that no significant amounts will be paid out under the guaranty. However, any amounts paid by the Company to CHS in excess of the estimate will result in additional loss on the sale.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded losses of $1.3 million and $18.3 million, respectively, on the sale of discontinued agribusiness operations. Such losses were included in loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss. Although there are outstanding issues to resolve with respect to this sale as noted above, as of September 30, 2015, the Company does not expect to record any other significant expenses related to the operations or sale of the discontinued agribusiness operations. The assets of the Company’s discontinued agribusiness presented in the table below at September 30, 2015, were comprised primarily of the operational escrowed funds discussed above and cash. Any assets in excess of the resolution of the outstanding matters, and after payment of remaining liabilities, are available to the Company for any corporate purposes.

The Company’s agribusiness segment qualified as held-for-sale at September 30, 2015 and has been classified as discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of the earliest period presented. Consequently, prior periods presented have been recast from amounts previously reported to reflect the agribusiness segment as discontinued agribusiness operations.

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The following table presents the details of the Company’s results from discontinued agribusiness operations included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Sales of canola oil and meal	$	9,600		$	41,144		$	82,267		$	124,963
Other	18			1,453			(50		)	2,417
Total revenue and other income	9,618			42,597			82,217			127,380
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of canola oil and meal sold	(8,738		)	(38,319		)	(79,763		)	(103,501		)
Depreciation	(18		)	(2,068		)	(4,360		)	(6,194		)
Other direct costs of production	(1,155		)	(2,828		)	(5,938		)	(8,581		)
Total cost of goods sold	(9,911		)	(43,215		)	(90,061		)	(118,276		)
Depreciation				(37		)	(95		)	(110		)
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets							(1,875		)
Interest	(428		)	(1,312		)	(3,259		)	(3,964		)
Plant costs and overhead	(9,504		)	(3,254		)	(16,447		)	(9,992		)
Segment total expenses	(19,843		)	(47,818		)	(111,737		)	(132,342		)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225		)	(5,221		)	(29,520		)	(4,962		)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax (1)	(1,348		)				(18,251		)
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573		)	(5,221		)	(47,771		)	(4,962		)
Net (income) loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(16		)	641			1,730			594
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$	(11,589	)	$	(4,580	)	$	(46,041	)	$	(4,368	)

⁽¹⁾ Included within the loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is a $16.9 million impairment loss on classification of assets as held-for-sale, which was recorded during the second quarter of 2015.

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The following table presents the details of the Company’s discontinued agribusiness assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,773	$	301
Accounts receivable	10,756		3,311
Inventory			11,663
Real estate, net	1,276		5,889
Property, plant and equipment, net	223		116,793
Goodwill			4,702
Other assets			9,895
Total assets held-for-sale	$	14,028	$	152,554
Liabilities
Debt			$	84,045
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,041	8,186
Other liabilities	17		2,357
Total liabilities held-for-sale	$	1,058	$	94,588

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included elsewhere in this report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Note About “Forward-Looking Statements”

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section) contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects, including, without limitation, statements about our expectations, beliefs, intentions, anticipated developments, and other information concerning future matters. Words such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “should,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Although forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on current expectations and assumptions. Consequently, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, and the actual results and outcomes could differ from what is expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include, without limitation, those discussed under the headings “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, in “Item 1A: Risk Factors” of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in other filings made from time to time with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to (and we expressly disclaim any obligation to) revise or update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events, or otherwise (except as may be required by law), in order to reflect any event or circumstance which may arise after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

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Business Strategy and Goals

PICO Holdings, Inc. is a diversified holding company. In this Quarterly Report, PICO and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as “PICO,” “the Company,” or by words such as “we” and “our.” We seek to build and operate businesses where we believe significant value can be created from the development of unique assets and to acquire businesses which we identify as undervalued and where our management participation in operations can aid in the recognition of the business’s fair value, as well as create additional value.

Our objective is to maximize long-term shareholder value and to manage our operations to achieve a superior return on net assets over the long term, as opposed to short-term earnings. We own and operate several diverse businesses and assets. Our portfolio of businesses is designed to provide a mix of revenues and income from both long-term assets that may require several years to develop and monetize and shorter-term operations that should generate recurring revenue each quarter.

As of September 30, 2015, our business was separated into the following segments:

• Water Resource and Water Storage Operations;

• Real Estate Operations;

• Corporate; and

• Discontinued Agribusiness Operations.

As of September 30, 2015, our major consolidated subsidiaries were (wholly–owned unless noted):

• Vidler Water Company, Inc. (“Vidler”) which acquires and develops water resources and water storage operations in the southwestern United States, with assets and operations in Nevada, Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico; and

• UCP, Inc. (“UCP”), a 56.9% owned subsidiary which is a homebuilder and land developer in markets located in California and Puget Sound area of Washington State, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee.

Results of Operations — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

Overview of Economic Conditions, Other Recent Events, and Impact on Results of Operations

The economic environment and housing slow-down in the U.S. between 2007 and 2011 significantly decreased the rate of growth in the Southwest and the demand for our water and real estate assets in certain markets. Numerous factors can affect the performance of an individual market. However, we believe that trends in employment, housing inventory, affordability, interest rates, and home prices have a particularly significant impact. We expect that these market trends will have an impact on our operating performance. Trends in housing inventory, home affordability, employment, interest rates and home prices are the principal factors that affect our revenue and many of our costs and expenses. For example, when these trends are favorable, we expect our revenue, as well as our related costs and expenses, to generally increase; conversely, when these trends are negative, we expect our revenue and cost of sales to generally decline, although in each case the impact may not be immediate. There has been a recovery and improvement in the housing markets from levels seen during the slow-down (with seasonal fluctuations) which has led to increased levels of real estate development activity in the past two to three years, and we believe that a continuation of the housing recovery will lead to increased demand for our real estate, and intangible and tangible water assets (which are held in our real estate segment and water resource and water storage segment), respectively. Individual markets continue to experience varying results, as local home inventories, affordability, and employment factors strongly influence each local market and any deterioration in the markets in which we operate has the potential to cause additional impairment losses on our real estate and water assets.

The focus of our operations is building long-term shareholder value. Our revenues and results of operations can and do fluctuate widely from period to period. For example, we recognize revenue from the sale of real estate and water assets when specific transactions close, and as a result, sales of real estate and water assets for any individual quarter are not necessarily indicative of revenues for future quarters or the full financial year.

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Significant Transactions During the Third Quarter of 2015:

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

On July 13, 2015, we signed an agreement to sell substantially all of the assets of our agribusiness segment. The sale closed on July 31, 2015. As a result of the transaction, the assets and liabilities of the agribusiness segment have been classified as discontinued agribusiness operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of the earliest period presented. Consequently, the discussion and analysis that follows reflect the agribusiness segment as discontinued agribusiness operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a loss of $18.3 million on the sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations. See Note 11 “Discontinued Agribusiness Operations” for additional information.

PICO Shareholders’ Equity

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014		Change
Shareholders’ equity	$	347,172	$	425,481	$	(78,309	)
Shareholders’ equity per share	$	15.08	$	18.50	$	(3.42	)

The decrease in our shareholders’ equity was primarily due to the comprehensive loss of $80.5 million incurred during the nine month ended September 30, 2015. The two most significant transactions that contributed to the loss for the period were the losses recorded on the sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations, and the loss on our investment in Mindjet.

Total Assets and Liabilities

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014		Change
Total assets	$	675,826	$	804,444	$	(128,618	)
Total liabilities	$	244,464	$	292,899	$	(48,435	)

Total assets decreased during the nine month ended September 30, 2015 primarily due to decreases in three significant balances, offset by an increase in real estate and water assets. During the period, assets of our discontinued agribusiness operations, investments, and cash declined by a total of $190.3 million. Reported assets in our discontinued agribusiness operations declined $138.5 million primarily due to the sale of such operations. Our reported investments declined by $29.2 million primarily due to the impairment loss on our investment in Mindjet. In addition, our other operations used $22.5 million of cash to purchase real estate and pay overhead expenses. These decreases were offset by an increase in real estate and water assets of $60.8 million primarily due to the acquisition and development of real estate in UCP. Total liabilities decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily due to a $93.5 million decrease in our liabilities in our discontinued agribusiness operations, offset by an increase of $34.7 million in our debt balance that was used for the acquisition and development of real estate.

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Results of Operations

Our results of operations were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Revenue and other income:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	3,468		$	1,087		$	2,381		$	4,191		$	1,464		$	2,727
Real estate operations	73,777			55,794			17,983			172,243			145,212			27,031
Corporate	846			2,277			(1,431		)	(17,911		)	6,455			(24,366		)
Total revenue and other income	$	78,091		$	59,158		$	18,933		$	158,523		$	153,131		$	5,392
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	834		$	(1,131	)	$	1,965		$	(1,907	)	$	(4,965	)	$	3,058
Real estate operations	3,839			(795		)	4,634			(1,661		)	(6,251		)	4,590
Corporate	(3,574		)	(3,063		)	(511		)	(31,248		)	(7,224		)	(24,024		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	1,099			(4,989		)	6,088			(34,816		)	(18,440		)	(16,376		)
Provision (benefit) for federal, foreign, and state income taxes	22			(179		)	201			(2,949		)	(535		)	(2,414		)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate	(1,942		)	(410		)	(1,532		)	(3,422		)	(1,569		)	(1,853		)
Loss from continuing operations	$	(865	)	$	(5,220	)	$	4,355		$	(35,289	)	$	(19,474	)	$	(15,815	)

Revenue

The majority of our recurring revenue was generated in our real estate operation, which records revenue from the sale of residential homes and lots. Our revenue from real estate operations increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as the result of a significant increase in the number of homes sold period-over-period. Our corporate segment recorded an impairment loss of $20.7 million on our total investment in Mindjet which reduced revenues significantly during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Affiliates

The increase in our year-over-year results from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates from a loss during the three months ended September 30, 2014 to income for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was due to increased sales in both our real estate operations and our water resource and water storage operations. The loss for the nine months ended increased year-over-year primarily due to a $20.7 million impairment loss on our investment in Mindjet, offset by increased income from both our real estate operations and our water resource and water storage operations.

Income Taxes

We continued to record a full valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets, however, we also recorded a $2.9 million income tax benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily due to the reversal of a taxable temporary difference related to our investment in Mindjet. Such temporary difference reversed during the period due to the impairment loss recorded on the investment. No such benefit was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and as a result of recording a full valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets, there was a minimal income tax benefit reported during 2014.

Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Affiliates

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded a loss of $1.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively, in the statement of operations within equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate. The losses in 2015 were significantly higher than 2014 due to declining revenue and increased interest expense at Mindjet during 2015. At September 30, 2015, we no longer had significant influence over Mindjet and will account for the remaining $2.2 million investment using the cost method.

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Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests reported income of $1.7 million and a net loss of $504,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and a net loss of $2.4 million and $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The majority of the income during the three months ended September 30, 2015 was from income reported by UCP. Of the loss reported during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, $555,000 and $2.2 million, respectively, was attributable to the loss reported by UCP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, $1.7 million of the loss was attributable to discontinued agribusiness operations.

Net Income or Loss

Our reported net loss of $14.1 million, or $0.61 per share, for the three months ended September 30, 2015, was comprised of a $2.5 million loss, or $0.11 per share, from continuing operations and an $11.6 million loss, or $0.50 per share, from our discontinued agribusiness operations which was due to the combination of $10.2 million in operating losses allocated to us, with the balance allocated to noncontrolling interest, and a $1.3 million loss recorded on the sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2014 we reported a net loss of $9.9 million, or $0.44 per share, which was comprised of a $5.4 million loss, or $0.24 per share, from continuing operations and a net loss of $4.6 million, or $0.20 per share, allocated to us from our discontinued agribusiness operations.

Similarly, our reported net loss of $80.7 million, or $3.51 per share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was comprised of a $34.6 million loss, or $1.51 per share, from continuing operations and a $46 million loss, or $2.00 per share, from our discontinued agribusiness operations which was due to the combination of a $27.8 million loss allocated to us, and an $18.3 million loss recorded on the sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 we reported a net loss of $21.3 million, or $0.94 per share. The net loss was comprised of $17 million in loss, or $0.75 per share, from continuing operations, and a loss of $4.4 million, or $0.19 per share, allocated to us from our discontinued agribusiness operations.

Water Resource and Water Storage Operations

Thousands of dollars	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Revenue and other income:
Sale of real estate and water assets	$	3,373		$	992		$	2,381		$	3,797		$	1,196		$	2,601
Other	95			95			—			394			268			126
Total revenue and other income	3,468			1,087			2,381			4,191			1,464			2,727
Cost of sales and expenses:
Cost of real estate and water assets sold	(946		)	(470		)	(476		)	(1,197		)	(717		)	(480		)
Interest expense				(5		)	5						(16		)	16
Depreciation and amortization	(256		)	(274		)	18			(781		)	(825		)	44
Overhead	(1,079		)	(1,300		)	221			(3,339		)	(4,060		)	721
Project expenses	(353		)	(169		)	(184		)	(781		)	(811		)	30
Segment total expenses	(2,634		)	(2,218		)	(416		)	(6,098		)	(6,429		)	331
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	834		$	(1,131	)	$	1,965		$	(1,907	)	$	(4,965	)	$	3,058

Historically, our water and water resource segment revenue and results have been volatile. Since the date of closing generally determines the accounting period in which the sales revenue and cost of sales are recorded, reported revenue and income or loss fluctuate from period to period, depending on the dates when specific transactions close. Consequently, revenue in any one year is not necessarily indicative of likely revenue in future years.

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Segment Revenue

During the third quarter of 2015, we sold 258 acres of real estate and approximately 774 acre-feet of water rights in the Harquahala Valley area of Arizona for cash proceeds of $3.4 million, which generated a gross margin of $2.4 million. We did not generate any significant sales of real estate and water assets during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Segment Expenses

The increase in cost of real estate and water assets sold was the result of the sale noted above. Apart from the increase in cost of real estate and water assets sold, our total expenses remained consistent year-over-year for the three month periods, with overhead being the most significant cost reported during the periods. Such costs decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to reductions in benefit expense. Overhead costs consisted primarily of salaries and benefits, professional fees, office rent and insurance.

Project expenses consist of costs related to the development of existing water resources, such as maintenance and professional fees. Project costs are expensed as appropriate and fluctuate from period to period depending on activity in our water resource projects. Project expenses principally related to:

• the operation and maintenance of the Vidler Arizona Recharge Facility;

• certain costs related to intangible water rights in the Tule Desert groundwater basin and the Dry Lake Valley (both part of the Lincoln County, Nevada agreement); and

• certain costs for water resource development in Nevada and New Mexico.

If we fail to generate revenue, incur additional expenses beyond expectations, continue to report operating losses, or if expected prices for our water assets fall, we could be required to record additional impairment losses on our real estate, tangible and intangible water assets owned in this segment.

Real Estate Operations

Thousands of dollars	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Revenue and other income:
Sale of real estate	$	73,672		$	55,750		$	17,922		$	171,921		$	144,973		$	26,948
Other	105			44			61			322			239			83
Total revenue and other income	73,777			55,794			17,983			172,243			145,212			27,031
Cost of sales and expenses:
Cost of real estate sold	(59,680		)	(46,134		)	(13,546		)	(141,369		)	(118,543		)	(22,826		)
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets							—			(274		)	(2,865		)	2,591
Operating expenses	(10,258		)	(10,455		)	197			(32,261		)	(30,055		)	(2,206		)
Segment total expenses	(69,938		)	(56,589		)	(13,349		)	(173,904		)	(151,463		)	(22,441		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,839		$	(795	)	$	4,634		$	(1,661	)	$	(6,251	)	$	4,590

As of September 30, 2015, our businesses in the real estate operations segment were primarily conducted through our 56.9% owned subsidiaries UCP, Inc. and UCP, LLC, and its homebuilding and land development operations in California, Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the overall U.S. housing market continued to show signs of improvement, driven by factors such as decreasing home inventories, and high home affordability.

Additionally, we believe that seasonal factors affect the broader housing market as well as our markets (see “Seasonality” in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below). Individual markets continue to experience varying results, as local home inventories, home affordability, and employment factors strongly influence each local market.

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Numerous factors can affect the performance of an individual market, however, we believe that trends in employment, housing inventory, home affordability, interest rates, and home prices have a particularly significant impact. We expect that these market trends will have an impact on our operating performance and community count. Trends in housing inventory, home affordability, employment, interest rates and home prices are the principal factors that affect our revenues and many of our costs and expenses. For example, when these trends are favorable, we expect our revenues from homebuilding and land development, as well as our related costs and expenses, to generally increase; conversely, when these trends are negative, we expect our revenue and costs and expenses to generally decline, although in each case the impact may not be immediate. When trends are favorable, we would expect to increase our community count by opening additional communities and expanding existing communities; conversely, when these trends are negative, we would expect to maintain our community count or decrease the pace at which we open additional communities and expand existing communities.

Owned and Controlled Lots

The following tables present certain information with respect to our owned or controlled lots, which are pursuant to purchase or option contracts:

	As of September 30, 2015
	Owned	Controlled(1)	Total
West	4,153	415	4,568
Southeast	941	728	1,669
Total	5,094	1,143	6,237

	As of December 31, 2014
	Owned	Controlled(1)	Total
West	4,410	469	4,879
Southeast	1,033	456	1,489
Total	5,443	925	6,368

⁽¹⁾ Controlled lots are those subject to a purchase or option contract.

Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Bedrock Land Development, Inc. (“Bedrock”) also owns real estate in Fresno, California that is tentatively approved for the development of 167 lots. Bedrock is not a part of UCP’s operations.

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Summary Results of UCP Revenue and Gross Margin for Homes and Lots

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Lots sold	—			197			(197		)	114			348			(234		)
Homes sold	202			111			91			478			301			177
Average selling communities during the period	28			27			1			27			22			5
Revenue (in thousands)
Lot revenue - total	$	1,116		$	20,264		$	(19,148	)	$	3,156		$	32,513		$	(29,357	)
Lot revenue - per lot (average selling price)	$	—		$	103		$	(103	)	$	28		$	93		$	(65	)
Home revenue - total	$	70,284		$	35,086		$	35,198		$	163,705		$	110,542		$	53,163
Home revenue - per home (average selling price)	$	348		$	316		$	32		$	342		$	367		$	(25	)
General contracting revenue	$	2,272		$	400		$	1,872		$	5,060		$	1,918		$	3,142
Gross Margin (in thousands, except for percentages)
Gross margin - lots	$	400		$	4,192		$	(3,792	)	$	892		$	7,173		$	(6,281	)
Gross margin percentage - lots	35.8		%	20.7		%	15.1		%	28.3		%	22.1		%	6.2		%
Gross margin - homes	$	13,278		$	5,580		$	7,698		$	28,963		$	19,020		$	9,943
Gross margin percentage - homes	18.9		%	15.9		%	3.0		%	17.7		%	17.2		%	0.5		%
Gross margin total - lots and homes	$	13,678		$	9,772		$	3,906		$	29,855		$	26,193		$	3,662
Gross margin percentage total - lots and homes	19.2		%	17.7		%	1.5		%	17.9		%	18.3		%	(0.4		)%

In the following discussion, gross margin is defined as sale of real estate less cost of real estate sold, and gross margin percentage is defined as gross margin divided by sale of real estate.

Third Quarter Segment Revenue and Gross Margin

The year-over-year third quarter increase in total segment revenue was primarily attributable to the following combination of factors:

• an increase in the number of homes sold;

• an increase in the average selling price (“ASP”) of homes sold which was primarily the result of increased deliveries at communities located in areas with higher home prices; and

• a significant decrease in the number of lots sold.

The gross margin percentage of homes sold increased slightly in the third quarter of 2015 as compared to 2014 primarily due to decreased cost of sales. The decreased cost of home sales was primarily attributable a change in the mix of selling communities period-over-period, as our current portfolio of selling communities had a relatively lower cost basis than the homes sold during 2014, despite higher interest costs.

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Although there were no finished lot sales during the third quarter of 2015, as compared to 197 lots sold during the third quarter of 2014, we did recognize revenue as a result of partially satisfying certain performance obligations related to a land sale from a prior period. As such, we were able to recognize a portion of previously deferred revenue of $1.1 million during the third quarter of 2015.

Third quarter 2015 operating expenses remained consistent in total year-over-year. Sales and marketing expense increased due to the increase in the number of homes delivered. Offsetting this increase was a decrease in general and administrative expense, which was largely the result of a decrease in restricted stock unit expense due to the full vesting of awards granted in connection with UCP’s initial public offering in 2013.

Nine Months Segment Revenue and Gross Margin

The increase in the first nine months year-over-year total segment revenue was primarily attributable to the following combination of factors:

• a significant increase in the number of homes sold, which was attributable to several factors, including an increased number of selling communities, a favorable sales pace at certain of those communities, and an increase in backlog period-over-period;

• a decrease in the ASP of homes sold which was primarily the result of increased deliveries at communities located in areas with lower home prices;

• a decrease in the number of lots sold; and

• a significant decrease in the ASP of lots sold.

The gross margin percentage of homes sold in the first nine months of 2015 increased slightly from the first nine months of 2014, primarily due to decreased cost of sales attributable to a change in the mix of selling communities as our current portfolio of selling communities had a relatively lower cost basis than the homes we sold during the 2014 period, despite higher interest costs.

The gross margin percentage of lots sold in the first nine months of 2015 increased as compared to the same period in 2014, which was primarily attributable to the decreased cost of land sold during 2015 resulting from a lower cost basis in the lots sold during the 2015 period.

Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, increased year-over year as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase was partially attributable to an increase in sales and marketing related expenses due to an increase in the number of homes delivered and an increase in the average number of selling communities. These increases also led to an increase in the headcount of sales and marketing personnel and the related increase in payroll expenses.

Not part of the UCP results for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, but included in our real estate segment results of operations was a $2.9 million impairment loss recorded on undeveloped property owned in California. There were no material impairment losses recorded in this segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

If we report significant or sustained operating losses in the future, or if market conditions deteriorate, we could be required to record impairment losses on our real estate assets and goodwill.

Backlog

UCP’s homebuilding backlog (homes under sales contracts that have not yet closed at the end of the relevant period) at September 30, 2015 was $120.8 million as compared to a backlog of $38.9 million at September 30, 2014. Sales contracts relating to homes in backlog may be canceled by the purchaser for a number of reasons. Accordingly, backlog may not be indicative of future segment revenue.

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Corporate

Thousands of dollars	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Revenue:
Deferred compensation revenue	$	345		$	(53	)	$	398		$	890		$	494		$	396
Impairment on investments										(20,696		)				(20,696		)
Other revenue	501			2,330			(1,829		)	1,895			5,961			(4,066		)
Total revenue (loss)	846			2,277			(1,431		)	(17,911		)	6,455			(24,366		)
Costs and expenses:
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets	(727		)				(727		)	(1,816		)				(1,816		)
Stock-based compensation expense	(496		)	(946		)	450			(1,481		)	(2,858		)	1,377
Deferred compensation expense	(90		)	414			(504		)	(1,086		)	(600		)	(486		)
Foreign exchange loss	(22		)	(2,029		)	2,007			(198		)	(1,811		)	1,613
Other	(3,085		)	(2,779		)	(306		)	(8,756		)	(8,410		)	(346		)
Segment total expenses	(4,420		)	(5,340		)	920			(13,337		)	(13,679		)	342
Loss before income taxes	$	(3,574	)	$	(3,063	)	$	(511	)	$	(31,248	)	$	(7,224	)	$	(24,024	)

From time to time, we make investments in small businesses, typically venture capital-type situations, which are reported in our corporate segment until they meet the requirements for separate segment reporting. Currently, the primary investments in small businesses that we own are Mindjet, a privately held company that sells and licenses software; Mendell Energy, LLC (“Mendell”), a wholly owned oil and gas venture which primarily owns and operates oil and gas leases in the Wattenberg Field in Colorado; and Synthonics, a pre-clinical stage biopharmaceutical company.

In addition, the segment includes the results from a portfolio of equity securities in publicly traded companies, the results of deferred compensation investment assets held in trust for the benefit of certain officers and non-employee directors and the corresponding and offsetting deferred compensation liabilities, and corporate overhead expenses. Revenue consists of our share of revenue generated from sale of oil and gas, interest earned on cash balances and securities and realized gains or losses on the sale or impairment of securities and can vary considerably from year to year. The segment results above do not include our share of the income or loss from any investments we account for using the equity method.

The expenses recorded in this segment primarily consist of operating expenses from our consolidated small business and parent company costs which are not allocated to our other segments, for example, salaries and benefits, directors’ fees, shareholder costs, rent for our head office, stock-based compensation expense, and deferred compensation expense.

Corporate segment results can fluctuate due to one or more individually significant revenue or expense items which occur irregularly or infrequently, for example, realized gains or losses on the sale of investments, or which can change significantly from period to period, such as foreign currency gains or losses. Consequently, the corporate segment results are not typically comparable from year to year.

Deferred Compensation Revenue and Expense

The participants in the deferred compensation plan bear the risk of the investment return on the deferred compensation assets, similar to a defined contribution plan such as a 401(k) plan. The investment income and realized gains or losses from the deferred compensation assets are recorded as revenue in the period that they are earned, and a corresponding and offsetting cost or benefit is recorded as deferred compensation expense or recovery. The change in net unrealized appreciation or depreciation in the deferred compensation assets is charged to compensation expense. Once the deferred compensation has been distributed, over the lifetime of the assets, the revenue and deferred compensation expense equal and there is no net effect on segment results.

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Segment Revenue

The year-over-year decrease in segment revenue was primarily due to the $20.7 million impairment loss on our investment in Mindjet recorded during the second quarter of 2015. After recording our share of Mindjet’s 2015 loss, our remaining carrying value of equity securities and notes receivable was approximately $2.2 million at September 30, 2015.

During the third and fourth quarter of 2015 Mindjet raised additional capital in a private offering to existing shareholders. We elected to not participate in the offering and consequently, our existing investment in preferred stock was converted five-for-one into common stock and our convertible debt security of $2.7 million was converted into shares of nonvoting preferred stock. As a result, our voting ownership percentage dropped to below 20%, and we are no longer entitled to a board seat. As such, we have discontinued the equity method of accounting and as of September 30, 2015, we account for our investment in Mindjet under the cost method.

Included in other income was revenue from our oil and gas operations that decreased during both the three and nine month periods year-over-year. We recorded oil and gas revenue of $731,000 and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decline in revenue year-over-year was primarily due to lower production volumes of oil and gas and to a lesser extent lower market prices.

Segment Expenses

In total, segment costs and expenses in both comparative periods were mostly unchanged.

We recorded impairment losses in our oil and gas operations during the first nine months of 2015 with no corresponding losses in the first nine months of 2014. The impairment losses related to wells owned by Mendell in the Wattenburg Field. An analysis based on current pricing of crude oil and gas, estimated oil and gas reserves, and ongoing expenses for the wells determined that the capitalized costs of the wells would not be recovered from the estimated future cash flows. The impairment loss writes the assets down to their estimated fair values. We do not expect to allocate any additional capital to our oil and gas venture.

Our stock-based compensation decreased in both periods as significant awards granted at a higher price during fiscal year 2010 were completely expensed by the end of 2014. Stock-based compensation recorded during 2015 reflects our program of granting smaller more frequent awards which has resulted, in part, in lower stock-based compensation expense comparatively. Stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on the closing price of our common stock on the date the awards were granted and is recognized over the vesting period of the awards. As of September 30, 2015, we had $4.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, which we expect to record ratably until the awards are fully vested.

Our foreign exchange loss decreased for both the three and nine month periods year-over-year. The foreign exchange gain or loss recorded during 2014 primarily resulted from the effect of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Swiss Franc and the U.S. dollar on the amount of an intercompany loan, which was denominated in Swiss Francs. In conjunction with the dissolution of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries during 2014, the intercompany loan was canceled. The 2015 foreign exchange losses relate to our investments in certain foreign equity securities.

It is reasonably possible given the volatile nature of software, biopharmaceutical, and the oil and gas industries that circumstances may change in the future which could require us to record additional impairment losses on our investments in small businesses included in this segment.

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Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

Thousands of dollars	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			Change			2015			2014			Change
Revenue and other income (loss):
Sales of canola oil and meal	$	9,600		$	41,144		$	(31,544	)	$	82,267		$	124,963		$	(42,696	)
Other	18			1,453			(1,435		)	(50		)	2,417			(2,467		)
Total revenue and other income	9,618			42,597			(32,979		)	82,217			127,380			(45,163		)
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of canola oil and meal sold	(8,738		)	(38,319		)	29,581			(79,763		)	(103,501		)	23,738
Depreciation	(18		)	(2,068		)	2,050			(4,360		)	(6,194		)	1,834
Other direct costs of production	(1,155		)	(2,828		)	1,673			(5,938		)	(8,581		)	2,643
Total cost of goods sold	(9,911		)	(43,215		)	33,304			(90,061		)	(118,276		)	28,215
Depreciation				(37		)	37			(95		)	(110		)	15
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets										(1,875		)				(1,875		)
Interest	(428		)	(1,312		)	884			(3,259		)	(3,964		)	705
Plant costs and overhead	(9,504		)	(3,254		)	(6,250		)	(16,447		)	(9,992		)	(6,455		)
Segment total expenses	(19,843		)	(47,818		)	27,975			(111,737		)	(132,342		)	20,605
Loss before income taxes	$	(10,225	)	$	(5,221	)	$	(5,004	)	$	(29,520	)	$	(4,962	)	$	(24,558	)

We completed a sale of substantially all of the assets used in our agribusiness operations on July 31, 2015 and as a result, we no longer operate an agribusiness segment as of that date. We have classified our agribusiness operations as a discontinued agribusiness operation in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Results from the operations during the one month ended July 31, 2015 have been included along with certain transaction costs in the third quarter 2015 financial results. Although there are outstanding issues to resolve with respect to this sale, as of September 30, 2015, we do not expect to record any other significant expenses related to the operations or sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations. However, any future adjustments to the sale price, including resolution of possible indemnification obligations above our initial expectations, and any other costs and expenses incurred in connection with the disposition of the business will be reported within our discontinued agribusiness operations.

Segment Revenue and Gross Margin

The year-over-year decrease in canola oil and meal revenue for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was largely the result of there being only one month of operations in the third quarter of 2015. Through the first seven months of 2015, as compared to the first nine months of 2014, there was a 21% decrease in the average sales price per unit. Additionally, for the month of July 2015, as compared to July 2014, there was a 36% decrease in our sales volume.

Our gross margin, which is sales of canola oil and meal less total cost of goods sold, decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to a $22.4 million unfavorable sales price variance resulting from declines in our average sales price per unit. This decrease was partially offset by a $7.2 million favorable variance in the cost of canola seed purchased. Our year-over-year increase in gross margin for the third quarter of 2015, as compared to the third quarter of 2014, was primarily due to a $1.3 million favorable variance in the cost of canola seed purchased.

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We managed our discontinued agribusiness operations by reference to the crush margin, which is sales of canola oil and meal less cost of canola oil and meal sold. The year-over-year decline in crush margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was due to the significant decline in the canola board crush margin (the margin produced by the quoted market price of soybean oil and soybean meal factored for appropriate canola product yields and protein content less the quoted market price of canola seed as factored for the foreign exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the U.S. dollar). The average board crush margin was $117 per ton for the first seven months of 2015, through the date of the sale of our agribusiness segment on July 31, 2015, as compared to $207 per ton for the first nine months of 2014. For the first month of the third quarter of the 2015, through the date of the sale of the agribusiness segment, the average board crush margin was $108 per ton, as compared to $149 per ton for the third quarter of 2014. The poor third quarter crush margin environment was further exacerbated by decreased daily crush rates as our average volume of tons crushed per day was 784 in July 2015 as compared to 1,007 tons per day in the third quarter of 2014.

Loss before income taxes

Included within plant costs and overhead for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, is approximately $8.4 million of costs resulting from the termination of our agribusiness operations. The costs are primarily composed of $3 million in agribusiness management termination payments, $2 million in deferred debt financing fees that were expensed on the date of close, and $3.1 million of rail-car lease termination charges and commission charges under our marketing and sales contract with Purina Animal Nutrition, LLC.

Liquidity and Capital Resources — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

Cash Flow

Our assets primarily consist of real estate and tangible and intangible water assets, property, plant and equipment, cash and cash equivalents, and investments in publicly-traded securities. Our liquid funds are generally held in money market funds.

Our cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments held in each segment at September 30, 2015 were as follows:

• our water resource and water storage operations held cash of $313,000;

• our real estate operations segment held cash of $22.6 million;

• our corporate segment held cash of $17.2 million and marketable equity and debt securities with a market value of $18.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Included in those totals are $2.6 million in cash, $17.5 million in equities, and $4.6 million in debt securities that are held in deferred compensation rabbi trusts accounts that will be used to pay the related and offsetting deferred compensation liabilities although such assets could be used to pay creditors if needed; and

• our discontinued agribusiness operations segment held cash of $1.8 million.

Our primary sources of funds include existing cash, the sale of tangible and intangible water resource assets, loans and debt or equity offerings, and sales of our businesses. We are not subject to any debt covenants which limit our ability to obtain additional financing through debt or equity offerings. However, debt covenants and restrictions in UCP limit us from transferring cash from those operations for use elsewhere in our Company. Consequently, cash flows from the majority of our real estate operations are restricted for use in that operation.

Our cash flows fluctuate depending on the capital requirements of our operating subsidiaries. The sale of and costs incurred to acquire and develop real estate and water assets are generally classified as operating activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. The cash flow profile of our principal segments are as follows:

Water Resource and Water Storage Operations

A substantial portion of revenue in this segment has come from the one-time sale of real estate and water assets. The assets are typically long-term water resource development projects to support growth for particular communities in the southwestern U.S. The timing and value of sales and cash flows depend on a number of factors which are difficult to forecast, and cannot be directly compared from one period to another. Our project expenses are generally discretionary in nature.

Real Estate Operations

We are a homebuilder and developer in California, Washington State, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. We finance additional acquisitions, development and construction costs from our existing cash, proceeds of the sale of existing lots and homes, and/or through external financing.

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Certain of our debt agreements in our real estate operations contain various significant financial covenants, each of which we were in compliance with at September 30, 2015, as follows:

1) Certain of our real estate debt include provisions that require minimum loan-to-value ratios. During the term of the loan, the lender may require us to obtain a third-party written appraisal of the underlying real estate collateral. If the appraised fair value of the collateral securing the loan is below the specified minimum, we may be required to make principal payments in order to maintain the required loan-to-value ratios. As of September 30, 2015, the lenders have not requested, and we have not obtained, any such appraisals.

2) UCP’s senior notes limit its ability to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional unsecured and secured indebtedness (provided that UCP may incur indebtedness so long as UCP’s ratio of indebtedness to its consolidated tangible assets (on a pro forma basis) would be equal to or less than 45% and provided that the aggregate amount of secured debt may not exceed the greater of $75 million or 30% of UCP’s consolidated tangible assets); pay dividends and make certain investments and other restricted payments; acquire unimproved real property in excess of $75 million per fiscal year or in excess of $150 million over the term of the Notes, except to the extent funded with subordinated obligations or the proceeds of equity issuances; create or incur certain liens; transfer or sell certain assets; and merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer or sell all or substantially all of UCP’s consolidated assets. Additionally, the Notes require UCP to maintain at least $50 million of consolidated tangible assets not subject to liens securing indebtedness; maintain a minimum net worth of $175 million; maintain a minimum of $15 million of unrestricted cash and/or cash equivalents; and not permit decreases in the amount of consolidated tangible assets by more than $25 million in any fiscal year or more than $50 million at any time.

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

On July 31, 2015 we closed on the sale of our agribusiness operations. After repayment of $80.9 million of outstanding debt and approximately $5.9 million in selling and other related costs of the transaction, we received net proceeds of $18.4 million. From these net proceeds we were required to deposit $10.2 million in two separate escrow accounts. We deposited $6 million in escrow to secure general indemnification obligations, with any balance remaining after payment of indemnification claims released 18 months from the closing date of the sale, and we deposited $4.2 million in escrow for specified operational matters (the “operational escrow”). During October 2015, $2.4 million of the operational escrow was returned to us after resolution of the air permit matter. After the required escrow deposits, and including cash that was left in the business and not part of the sale, we had $12.4 million in unrestricted and available cash immediately following the sale as follows (in thousands):

Gross sales price	$	105,293
Less debt repayment	(80,941		)
	24,352
Selling and other costs	(5,949		)
Net proceeds	18,403
Operational Escrow	(10,225		)
	8,178
Cash in the business not part of the sale	4,218
Total unrestricted and available cash	$	12,396

Specified amounts of the operational escrow related to proposed amendments to two environmental permits that were in process, but were not received prior to the closing of the sale. The first matter related to certain waste water issues assessed at a value of $1.8 million and the second matter related to air quality issues assessed at a value of $2.4 million, which was resolved in October 2015. If the permit amendment for the water issue is not approved by the relevant regulatory authorities, the assessed value in the operational escrow for any such non-approved amendment will be paid to CHS Inc. (“CHS”) in satisfaction of the matter. In the event that the amendment is approved, the entire assessed value will be released to us. We anticipate resolution of the matter within six months.

We have also guaranteed up to $8 million for any indemnification claims in excess of the $6 million escrow pursuant to the terms of a guaranty agreement by and between us and CHS, which was executed at the closing. This guaranty will remain in force for five years from the date of sale.

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Corporate

Our corporate segment generates a modest amount of cash flow from the sale of oil and gas production from our wells in Colorado and to a lesser extent, from a portfolio of small-capitalization value stocks publicly traded in Switzerland and in the U.S.

During the third quarter of 2015, we made an additional $2.5 million investment into our oil and gas operations which will pay for drilling costs to complete a well and, as a result, secure certain mineral leases by production, and certain accrued production taxes, royalties, and other operating costs. At September 30, 2015 we had approximately $11 million of capital invested, and a net carrying value of $2.6 million, in our oil and gas operations. We do not expect to fund any additional capital into our oil and gas operations. Due to the depressed prices of oil and gas, we recorded an impairment loss on our oil and gas assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. It is reasonably possible that we will continue reporting operating and impairment losses from our oil and gas operations until oil and gas prices sufficiently recover.

Consolidated Cash and Securities

At September 30, 2015, we had unrestricted and available cash of $11.5 million and available-for-sale debt and equity securities of $907,000, which could be used for general corporate purposes, or used to finance new or existing projects in any of our segments. At December 31, 2014, we had unrestricted and available cash of $14.4 million and available-for-sale debt and equity securities of $10.7 million.

We estimate that we have sufficient cash and available-for-sale investments to cover our cash needs for at least the next 12 months. In the long-term, we estimate that existing cash resources and cash from operations will provide us with adequate funding for future operations. However, if additional funding is needed, we could defer significant expenditures, sell assets, obtain a line of credit, or complete debt or equity offerings. Any additional equity offerings may be dilutive to our stockholders and any additional debt offerings may include operating covenants that could restrict our business.

Cash Flow

The following is a summary of our cash flows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities - continuing operations	$	(58,060	)	$	(80,271	)
Operating activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	(17,462		)	(2,228		)
Total operating activities	(75,522		)	(82,499		)
Investing activities - continuing operations	4,696			(6,062		)
Investing activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	100,098			(4,919		)
Total investing activities	104,794			(10,981		)
Financing activities	(50,323		)	9,969
Effect of exchange rates on cash				1,621
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(21,051	)	$	(81,890	)

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

The principal operating cash outflows from continuing operations for the first nine months of 2015 were $200.2 million used to acquire and develop real estate and residential lots and housing and $36.2 million used for overhead and various project expenses. Our cash inflows from continuing operations were $172.5 million from sales of residential real estate and lots, $3.9 million from sales of water assets, and $1.6 million from sales of oil and gas and other operational income. Our discontinued agribusiness operations used $79.3 million for purchases of canola seed and $19.9 million for overhead and various other plant expenses, offset by $82 million provided from the sales of canola oil and meal during the first nine months of 2015.

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The principal operating cash outflows from continuing operations for the first nine months of 2014 were $183.4 million used to acquire and develop real estate and residential lots and housing and $47.1 million used for overhead and various project expenses. Our cash inflows from continuing operations were $144.6 million from sales of residential real estate and lots and $5.2 million from realized gains on investments and sales of oil and gas. Our discontinued agribusiness operations had cash inflows of $124.4 million from sales of canola oil and meal and $2.4 million from other operational income, offset by $121.2 million used to purchase canola seed and $8 million used for overhead and various other plant expenses during the first nine months of 2014.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Our primary cash inflows from investing activities of continuing operations for the first nine months of 2015 included $8.4 million from the sale and maturity of debt and equity securities, offset by $1.8 million used to purchase debt and equity securities and $2 million used to purchase property, plant, and equipment. During the first nine months of 2015, investing activities from our discontinued agribusiness operations provided $95.1 million in net proceeds from the sale of our discontinued agribusiness operations, which was comprised of gross proceeds from the sale of $105.3 million and less $10.2 million held back in the operational escrow, and $5 million in cash released from restricted a debt service reserve account.

During the first nine months of 2014, our investing activities from continuing operations used $14 million in the acquisition of the assets of Citizens Homes, Inc. (“Citizens”), $10 million to purchase debt and equity securities, and $3.8 million to purchase property, plant, and equipment, primarily in our oil and gas venture. These uses were offset by cash of $22 million provided by the sale of debt and equity securities. During the first nine months of 2014, our investing activities from our discontinued agribusiness operations used $3.4 million in the purchase of property, plant, and equipment and $1.8 million deposited in a restricted account for our derivatives trading activities.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

Financing activities, including discontinued agribusiness operations, used cash of $50.3 million during the first nine months of 2015, primarily due to repayments of debt of $174.5 million, including $96.6 million paid on debt arrangements in our discontinued agribusiness operations and $77.9 million of mortgage debt repaid when certain real estate properties were sold. These uses of cash were offset by cash proceeds of $125.3 million provided from our debt arrangements, including $12.7 million from our working capital line of credit within our discontinued agribusiness operations and $112.6 million used primarily to fund the acquisition and development of our real estate projects.

Financing activities, including discontinued agribusiness operations, provided $10 million of cash during the first nine months of 2014, primarily due to cash proceeds of $86.6 million from our debt arrangements used primarily to fund the acquisition and development of our real estate projects, offset by repayments of debt of $75.2 million comprised of $33.7 million of primarily construction debt repaid when certain real estate properties were sold, $18.9 million in repayments of Swiss debt, and $22 million repaid on our discontinued agribusiness segment debt.

Our outstanding debt held by our continuing operations at September 30, 2015 was $170.2 million in mortgage notes on real estate and real estate development, substantially all of which are non-recourse. Although we cannot accurately predict the effect of inflation on our operations, we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our net revenues or results of operations, or is likely to in the foreseeable future.

Seasonality

Historically, the homebuilding industry experiences seasonal fluctuations in quarterly operating results and capital requirements. We typically experience the highest new home order activity in spring and summer, although this activity is also highly dependent on the number of active selling communities, timing of new community openings and other market factors. As it typically takes four to six months to construct a new home, we generally deliver more homes in the second half of the year as spring and summer home orders convert to home deliveries. Due to this seasonality, home starts, construction costs and related cash outflows have historically been highest in the second and third quarters, and the majority of cash receipts from home deliveries occur during the second half of the year. We expect this seasonal pattern to continue over the long term, although it may be affected by volatility in the homebuilding industry.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2015, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements, other than those disclosed in this Form 10-Q, that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our consolidated financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditure, or capital resources.

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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Our balance sheet includes a significant amount of assets and liabilities whose fair value is subject to market risk. Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market interest rates or prices. We currently have interest rate risk as it relates to debt securities, equity price risk as it relates to marketable equity securities, and foreign currency risk as it relates to investments denominated in foreign currencies. The estimated fair value of our debt is based on cash flow models discounted at the then-current interest rates and an estimate of the then-current spread above those rates at which we could borrow, which are Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.

At September 30, 2015, we had $4.6 million of marketable debt securities and $18.4 million of marketable equity securities, $1.6 million of which were denominated in foreign currencies, primarily Swiss Francs and New Zealand dollars, which were subject to market risk. At December 31, 2014, we had $6.4 million of debt securities and $22 million of marketable equity securities, $5.4 million of which were denominated in foreign currencies, primarily Swiss Francs and New Zealand dollars, which were subject to market risk.

Our debt securities principally consist of bonds with short and medium terms to maturity. From time to time, we buy investment-grade bonds with short and medium term maturities to earn a higher return on liquid funds than is available from money market funds. We manage the interest risk by matching the maturity of the securities to budgeted cash requirements. The deferred compensation accounts hold both investment-grade and below investment-grade bonds. In the deferred compensation accounts, we manage interest rate risk by matching the maturities of the bonds to the participant’s pre-selected payout schedule.

We use two models to report the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities subject to the above risks. For debt securities, we use duration modeling to calculate changes in fair value. The model calculates the price of a fixed maturity assuming a theoretical 100 basis point, or a 1% increase in interest rates and compares that to the current price of the security. At September 30, 2015 and 2014, the model calculated a loss in fair value of $152,000 and $216,000, respectively. For our marketable equity securities, we use a hypothetical 20% decrease in fair value to analyze the sensitivity. For equity securities denominated in foreign currencies, we use a hypothetical 20% decrease in the local currency of that investment. The hypothetical 20% decrease in fair value of our marketable equity securities would produce a loss in fair value at September 30, 2015 and 2014 of $3.7 million and $6.1 million, respectively, which would reduce the unrealized appreciation in shareholders’ equity. The hypothetical 20% decrease in the local currency of our foreign currency-denominated investments would produce a loss at September 30, 2015 and 2014 of $312,000 and $2.9 million, respectively, which would impact the foreign currency translation in shareholders’ equity.

Actual results may differ from the hypothetical results assumed in this disclosure due to possible actions we may take to mitigate adverse changes in fair value, and because the fair value of securities may be affected by both factors related to the individual securities (e.g. credit concerns about a bond issuer) and general market conditions.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II: Other Information

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

None.

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Item 1A: Risk Factors

The following information sets out factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those we may make from time to time. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with other matters described in this Form 10-Q or incorporated herein by reference in evaluating our business and prospects. If any of the following risks occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could be harmed. In such case, the trading price of our securities could decline, in some cases significantly.

The risk factors in this report have been revised to incorporate changes to our risk factors from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The risk factors set forth below with an asterisk (*) next to the title are new risk factors or risk factors containing changes, including any material changes, from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the SEC.

* General economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our financial results, financial condition and our ability to grow our businesses.

All of our businesses are sensitive to general economic conditions, whether internationally, nationally, or locally, as well as international economic conditions. General poor economic conditions and the resulting effect of non-existent or slow rates of growth in the markets in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on the demand for both our real estate and water assets. These poor economic conditions include higher unemployment, inflation, deflation, decreases in consumer demand, changes in buying patterns, a weakened dollar, higher consumer debt levels, higher tax rates and other changes in tax laws or other economic factors that may affect commercial and residential real estate development.

Specifically, high national or regional unemployment may arrest or delay any significant recovery of the residential real estate markets in which we operate, which could adversely affect the demand for our real estate and water assets. Any prolonged lack of demand for our real estate and water assets could have a significant adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations, and cash flows.

* Our future revenue is uncertain and depends on a number of factors that may make our revenue, profitability and cash flows volatile.

Our future revenue and profitability related to our water resource and water storage operations will primarily be dependent on our ability to acquire, develop and sell or lease water assets. In light of the fact that our water resource and water storage operations represent a large percentage of our overall business at present, our long-term profitability will be affected by various factors, including the availability and timing of water resource acquisitions, drought in the southwest, regulatory approvals and permits associated with such acquisitions, transportation arrangements, and changing technology. We may also encounter unforeseen technical or other difficulties which could result in cost increases with respect to our water resource and water storage development projects. Moreover, our profitability is significantly affected by changes in the market price of water. Future sales and prices of water may fluctuate widely as demand is affected by climatic, economic, demographic and technological factors as well as the relative strength of the residential, commercial, financial, and industrial real estate markets. Additionally, to the extent that we possess junior or conditional water rights, during extreme climatic conditions, such as periods of low flow or drought, our water rights could be subordinated to superior water rights holders. The factors described above are not within our control.

Our future revenue and the growth of our land development and homebuilding activities depends, in part, upon our ability to successfully identify and acquire attractive land parcels for development of single-family homes at reasonable prices. Our ability to acquire land parcels for new single-family homes may be adversely affected by changes in the general availability of land parcels, the willingness of land sellers to sell land prices at reasonable prices, competition for available land parcels, availability of financing to acquire land parcels, zoning and other market conditions. If the supply of land parcels appropriate for development of single-family homes is limited because of these factors, or for any other reason, our ability to grow our land development and homebuilding business could be significantly limited, and our land development and homebuilding revenue and gross margin could remain static or decline.

One or more of the above factors in one or more of our operating segments could impact our revenue and profitability, negatively affect our financial condition and cash flows, and cause our results of operations to be volatile.

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A downturn in the recent improvement that the homebuilding and land development industry has experienced would materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The homebuilding industry experienced a significant and sustained downturn in recent years having been impacted by factors that include, but are not limited to, weak general economic and employment growth, a lack of consumer confidence, large supplies of resale and foreclosed homes, a significant number of homeowners whose outstanding principal balance on their mortgage loan exceeds the market value of their home and tight lending standards and practices for mortgage loans that limit consumers’ ability to qualify for mortgage financing to purchase a home. These factors resulted in an industry-wide weakness in demand for new homes and caused a material adverse effect on the growth of the local economies and the homebuilding industry in the southwestern U.S. markets where a substantial amount of our real estate and water assets are located, including the states of Nevada, Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico. However, in 2012, we noted a significant improvement in the housing market which led to increased levels of real estate development activity. The continuation of the recent improvement in residential and commercial real estate development process and activity is essential for our ability to generate operating income in our water resource and water storage, and land development and homebuilding businesses. We are unable to predict whether and to what extent this recovery will continue or its timing. Any future slow-down in real estate and homebuilding activity could adversely impact various development projects within the markets in which our real estate and water assets are located and this could materially affect our ability to monetize these assets. Declines and weak conditions in the U.S. housing market have reduced our revenues and created losses in our water resource and water storage, and land development and homebuilding businesses in prior years and could do so in the future.

We may not be able to realize the anticipated value of our real estate and water assets in our projected time frame, if at all.

We expect that the current rate of growth of the economy will continue to have an impact on real estate market fundamentals. Depending on how markets perform both in the short and long-term, the state of the economy, both nationally and locally in the markets where our assets are concentrated, could result in a decline in the value of our existing real estate and water assets, or result in our having to retain such assets for longer than we initially expected, which would negatively impact our rate of return on our real estate and water assets, cause us to divest such assets for less than our intended return on investment, or cause us to incur impairments on the book values of such assets to estimated fair value. Such events would adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The fair values of our real estate and water assets are linked to growth factors concerning the local markets in which our assets are concentrated and may be impacted by broader economic issues.

Both the demand and fair value of our real estate and water assets are significantly affected by the growth in population and the general state of the local economies where our real estate and water assets are located. These local economies may be affected by factors such as the local level of employment and the availability of financing and interest rates, where (1) our real estate and water assets are located, primarily in Arizona and northern Nevada, but also in Colorado and New Mexico and (2) our land development and homebuilding assets are located, primarily in California and also Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. The unemployment rate in these states, as well as issues related to the credit markets, may prolong a slowdown of the local economies where our real estate and water assets are located. This could materially and adversely affect the demand for and the fair value of our real estate and water assets and, consequently, adversely affect our growth and revenues, results of operations, cash flows and the return on our investment in these assets.

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The fair values of our real estate and water assets may decrease which could adversely affect our results of operations by impairments and write-downs.

The fair value of our water resource and water storage assets and our land and homebuilding assets depends on market conditions. We acquire water resources and land for expansion into new markets and for replacement of inventory and expansion within our current markets. The valuation of real estate and water assets is inherently subjective and based on the individual characteristics of each asset. Factors such as changes in regulatory requirements and applicable laws, political conditions, the condition of financial markets, local and national economic conditions, the financial condition of customers, potentially adverse tax consequences, and interest and inflation rate fluctuations subject valuations to uncertainties. In addition, our valuations are made on the basis of assumptions that may not prove to reflect economic or demographic reality. If population growth and, as a result, water and/or housing demand in our markets fails to meet our expectations when we acquired our real estate and water assets, our profitability may be adversely affected and we may not be able to recover our costs when we sell our real estate and water assets. We regularly review the value of our real estate and water assets. These reviews have resulted in significant impairments to our water resource assets and /or land development assets. Such impairments have adversely affected our results of operations and our financial condition in those years.

If future market conditions adversely impact the anticipated timing of and amount of sales of our real estate and water assets we may be required to record further significant impairments to the carrying value of our real estate and water assets which would adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.

* Our water resource and water storage operations are concentrated in a limited number of assets, making our growth and profitability vulnerable to conditions and fluctuations in a limited number of local economies.

In the future, we anticipate that a significant amount of our water resource and water storage segment revenue, results of operations and cash flows will come from a limited number of assets, which primarily consist of our water resources in Nevada and Arizona and our water storage operations in Arizona. Water resources in this region are scarce and we may not be successful in continuing to acquire and develop additional water assets. If we are unable to develop additional water assets, our revenues will be derived from a limited number of assets, primarily located in Arizona and Nevada. Our two most significant assets are our water storage operations in Arizona and our water resources to serve the northern valleys of Reno, Nevada. As a result of this concentration, our invested capital and results of operations will be vulnerable to the conditions and fluctuations in these local economies and potentially to changes in local government regulations.

Our Arizona Recharge Facility is one of the few private sector water storage sites in Arizona. We have approximately 251,000 acre-feet of water stored at the facility. In addition, we have approximately 157,000 acre-feet of water stored in the Phoenix Active Management Area. We have not stored any water on behalf of any customers and have not generated any material revenue from the recharge facility or from the water stored in the Phoenix Active Management Area. We believe that the best economic return on the assets arises from storing water when surplus water is available and selling this water in periods when water is in more limited supply. However, we cannot be certain that we will ultimately be able to sell the stored water at a price sufficient to provide an adequate economic profit, if at all.

We constructed a pipeline approximately 35 miles long to deliver water from Fish Springs Ranch to the northern valleys of Reno, Nevada. As of September 30, 2015, the total cost of the pipeline project, including our water credits, (net of impairment losses incurred to date) carried on our balance sheet is approximately $83.9 million. To date, we have sold only a small amount of the water credits and we cannot provide any assurance that the sales prices we may obtain in the future will provide an adequate economic return, if at all. Furthermore, we believe the principal buyers of this water are likely real estate developers who are contending with the effects of the current weak demand that exists for new homes and residential development in this area. Any prolonged weak demand for new homes and residential development, and, as a result, for our assets in Nevada and Arizona, would have a material adverse effect on our future revenues, results of operations and cash flows.

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We are subject to environmental laws and regulations, which may increase our costs, result in liabilities, limit the areas in which we can build homes and delay completion of our projects.

Our real estate operations are subject to a variety of local, state, federal and other laws, statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning the environment, hazardous materials, the discharge of pollutants and human health and safety. The particular environmental requirements which apply to any given project site vary according to multiple factors, including the site’s location, its environmental conditions, the current and former uses of the site, the presence or absence of state- or federal-listed endangered or threatened plants or animals or sensitive habitats, and conditions at nearby properties. We may not identify all of these concerns during any pre-acquisition or pre-development review of project sites. Environmental requirements and conditions may result in delays, may cause us to incur substantial compliance and other costs, and can prohibit or severely restrict development and homebuilding activity in environmentally sensitive regions or in areas contaminated by others before we commence development. We are also subject to third-party challenges, such as by environmental groups or neighborhood associations, under environmental laws and regulations governing the permits and other approvals for our real estate projects and operations. Sometimes regulators from different governmental agencies do not concur on development, remedial standards or property use restrictions for a project, and the resulting delays or additional costs can be material for a given project.

In addition, in cases where a state-listed or federally-listed endangered or threatened species is involved and related agency rule-making and litigation are ongoing, the outcome of such rule-making and litigation can be unpredictable and can result in unplanned or unforeseeable restrictions on, or the prohibition of, development and building activity in identified environmentally sensitive areas.

We are a recent entrant to the homebuilding business and we will face significant competition in marketing and selling new homes.

We have entered the homebuilding business by constructing, marketing and selling single-family homes on certain of our finished residential lots that we own in California, Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. We aim to build homes only in those markets where we have identified that a sufficient demand exists for new homes. However, the homebuilding industry is highly competitive and we will be competing with a number of national and local homebuilders in selling homes to satisfy expected demand. These competitors, especially the national homebuilders, have greater resources and experience in this industry than we have. Such competition could result in lower than anticipated sales volumes and/or profit margins that are below our expectations. In addition, we will have to compete with the resale of existing homes, including foreclosed homes, which could also negatively affect the number and price of homes we are able to sell and the time our homes remain on the market.

We use leverage to finance a portion of the cost to acquire our land development assets and to construct homes.

We currently use, and expect to continue to use, debt to finance a portion of the cost of constructing our homes and acquiring and developing our lots. Such indebtedness is primarily comprised of project-level secured acquisition, development and construction loans, with recourse limited to the securing collateral.

Incurring debt could subject us to many risks that, if realized, would adversely affect us, including the risk that:

• our cash flow from our land development and homebuilding operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal of and interest on the debt which is likely to result in acceleration of the maturity of such debt;

• our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions with no assurance that investment yields will increase with higher financing cost;

• we may be required to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from our land development and homebuilding operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing funds available for the operations and capital expenditures; and

• the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced.

If we do not have sufficient funds to repay our debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the debt through additional debt or additional equity financings which could dilute our interest in our land development and homebuilding business. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancing, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of our land development and housing assets on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt service obligations, we will risk losing some or all of our assets that may be pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Defaults under our debt agreements used to finance a portion of the cost of constructing homes and acquiring and developing lots could have a material adverse effect on our land development and homebuilding business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be subject to significant warranty, construction defect and liability claims in the ordinary course of our homebuilding business.

As a homebuilder, we may be subject to home warranty and construction defect claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We may also be subject to liability claims for injuries that occur in the course of construction activities. Due to the inherent uncertainties in such claims, we cannot provide assurance that our insurance coverage or our subcontractors’ insurance and financial resources will be sufficient to meet any warranty, construction defect and liability claims we may receive in the future. If we are subject to claims beyond our insurance coverage, our profit from our homebuilding activities may be less than we expect and our financial condition may be adversely affected.

We will be relying on the performance of our subcontractors to build horizontal infrastructure and homes according to our budget, timetable and quality.

We rely on subcontractors to perform the actual construction of horizontal infrastructure (in the cases where we are completing the development of entitled lots to finished lots) and of the homes we are building on certain of our finished lots. In certain cases, we will also rely on the subcontractor to select and obtain raw materials. Our subcontractors may fail to meet either our quality control or be unable to build and complete the horizontal infrastructure or homes in the expected timetable due to subcontractor related issues such as being unable to obtain sufficient materials or skilled labor, or due to external factors such as delays arising from severe weather conditions.

Any such failure by our subcontractors could lead to increases in construction costs and construction delays. Such increases could negatively impact the price and number of finished lots and homes we are able to sell.

Compliance with federal, state and local regulations related to our real estate operations may result in substantial delays and costs.

Our real estate operations are subject to numerous laws and regulations that affect the land development and homebuilding process, including laws and regulations related to zoning, permitted land uses, levels of density, building design, water and waste disposal and use of open spaces. We also are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment. We are typically required to obtain permits, entitlements and approvals from local authorities to start and carry out residential development or home construction. Such permits, entitlements and approvals may, from time-to-time, be opposed or challenged by local governments or other interested parties, adding delays, costs and risks of non-approval to the process. Our obligation to comply with the laws and regulations under which we operate, and our need to ensure that our subcontractors and other agents comply with these laws and regulations may result in delays in construction and land development and may also cause us to incur substantial additional and unbudgeted costs.

Our homebuilding operations may be adversely impacted by the availability of and the demand for mortgage financing and any changes to the tax benefits associated with owning a home.

To successfully market and sell the homes we construct depends on the ability of home buyers to obtain mortgage financing for the purchase of these new homes. Current credit requirements for mortgage financing are significantly greater than in the past which makes it more difficult for a potential home buyer to obtain mortgage financing. In addition, any significant increase in interest rates from current rates may also lead to increased mortgage finance costs leading to a decline in demand and availability of mortgage financing. Any decline in the availability of mortgage financing may lead to a reduced demand for the homes we have already constructed, or intend to construct. Furthermore, the demand for homes in general, and the homes we intend to construct, may be affected by changes in federal and state income tax laws. Current federal, and many state, tax laws allow the deduction of, among other homeowner expenses, mortgage interest and property taxes against an individual’s taxable income. Any changes to the current tax laws which reduce or eliminate these deductions, or reduce or eliminate the exclusion of taxable gain from the sale of a principal residence, would likely lead to a greatly reduced demand for homes. This would lead to a materially adverse impact on the homebuilding business in general and our revenues, cash flows and financial condition specifically.

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We may suffer uninsured losses or suffer material losses in excess of insurance limits.

We could suffer physical damage to any of our assets at one or more of our different businesses and liabilities resulting in losses that may not be fully recoverable by insurance. In addition, certain types of risks, such as personal injury claims, may be, or may become in the future, either uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may not be currently or in the future covered by our insurance policies or otherwise be subject to significant deductibles or limits. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur or be subject to deductibles, we could sustain financial loss or lose capital invested in the affected asset(s) as well as anticipated future income from that asset. In addition, we could be liable to repair damage or meet liabilities caused by risks that are uninsured or subject to deductibles.

We may not receive all of the permitted water rights we expect from the water rights applications we have filed in Nevada and New Mexico.

We have filed certain water rights applications in Nevada and New Mexico. In Nevada this is primarily as part of the water teaming agreement with Lincoln County. We deploy the capital required to enable the filed applications to be converted into permitted water rights over time as and when we deem appropriate or as otherwise required. We only expend capital in those areas where our initial investigations lead us to believe that we can obtain a sufficient volume of water to provide an adequate economic return on the capital employed in the project. These capital expenditures largely consist of drilling and engineering costs for water production, costs of monitoring wells, legal and consulting costs for hearings with the State Engineer, and National Environmental Protection Act compliance costs. Until the State Engineer in the relevant state permits the water rights we are applying for, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be awarded all of the water that we expect based on the results of our drilling and our legal position and it may be a considerable period of time before we are able to ascertain the final volume of water rights, if any, that will be permitted by the State Engineers. Any significant reduction in the volume of water awarded to us from our original base expectation of the amount of water that may be permitted may result in the write down of capitalized costs which could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and cash flows.

Variances in physical availability of water, along with environmental and legal restrictions and legal impediments, could impact profitability.

We value our water assets, in part, based upon the volume (as measured in acre-feet) of water we anticipate from water rights applications and our permitted water rights. The water and water rights held by us and the transferability of these rights to other uses, persons, and places of use are governed by the laws concerning water rights in the states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico. The volumes of water actually derived from the water rights applications or permitted rights may vary considerably based upon physical availability and may be further limited by applicable legal restrictions.

As a result, the volume of water anticipated from the water rights applications or permitted rights may not in every case represent a reliable, firm annual yield of water, but in some cases describe the face amount of the water right claims or management’s best estimate of such entitlement. Additionally, we may face legal restrictions on the sale or transfer of some of our water assets, which may affect their commercial value. If the volume of water yielded from our water rights applications is less than our expectations, or we are unable to transfer or sell our water assets, we may lose some or all of our anticipated returns, which may adversely affect our revenues, profitability and cash flows.

Purchasers of our real estate and water assets may default on their obligations to us and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow.

In certain circumstances, we finance sales of real estate and water assets, and we secure such financing through deeds of trust on the property, which are only released once the financing has been fully paid off. Purchasers of our real estate and water assets may default on their financing obligations. Such defaults may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and the results of operations and cash flows.

Our sale of water assets may be subject to environmental regulations which would impact our revenues, profitability, and cash flows.

The quality of the water assets we lease or sell may be subject to regulation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency acting pursuant to the United States Safe Drinking Water Act. While environmental regulations do not directly affect us, the regulations regarding the quality of water distributed affects our intended customers and may, therefore, depending on the quality of our water, impact the price and terms upon which we may in the future sell our water assets. If we need to reduce the price of our water assets in order to make a sale to our intended customers, our balance sheet, results of operations and financial condition could suffer.

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Our water asset sales may meet with political opposition in certain locations, thereby limiting our growth in these areas.

The water assets we hold and the transferability of these assets and rights to other uses, persons, or places of use are governed by the laws concerning water rights in the states of Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and New Mexico. Our sale of water assets is subject to the risks of delay associated with receiving all necessary regulatory approvals and permits. Additionally, the transfer of water resources from one use to another may affect the economic base or impact other issues of a community including development, and will, in some instances, be met with local opposition. Moreover, municipalities who will likely regulate the use of any water we might sell to them in order to manage growth, could create additional requirements that we must satisfy to sell and convey water assets.

If we are unable to effectively transfer, sell and convey water resources, our ability to monetize these assets will suffer and our revenues and financial condition would decline.

If we do not successfully identify, select and manage acquisitions and investments, or if our acquisitions or investments otherwise fail or decline in value, our financial condition could suffer.

We acquire and invest in businesses and assets that we believe are undervalued or that will benefit from additional capital, restructuring of operations, strategic initiatives, or improved competitiveness through operational efficiencies. If an acquired business, investment or asset fails or its fair value declines, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, the results of operations and cash flows. Additionally, we may not be able to find sufficient opportunities to make our business strategy successful. If we fail to successfully identify, select and manage acquisition and investment opportunities, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected. Such business failures, declines in fair values, and/or failure to successfully identify, select and manage acquisitions or investments, could result in a negative return on equity. We could also lose part or all of our capital in these businesses and experience reductions in our net income, cash flows, assets and equity.

Future acquisitions and dispositions of our businesses, assets, operations and investments are possible, and, if unsuccessful, could reduce the value of our common shares. Any future acquisitions or dispositions may result in significant changes in the composition of our assets and liabilities. Consequently, our financial condition, results of operations and the trading price of our common shares may be affected by factors different from those affecting our financial condition, results of operations and trading price at the present time.

Failure to successfully manage newly acquired companies could adversely affect our business.

Our management of the operations of acquired businesses requires significant efforts, including the coordination of personnel, information technologies, research and development, sales and marketing, operations, taxation, regulatory matters, and finance. These efforts result in additional expenses and involve significant amounts of our management’s time and could distract our management from the day-to-day operations of our business. The diversion of our management’s attention from the day-to-day operations, or difficulties encountered in the integration process, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and the results of operations and cash flows. If we fail to integrate acquired businesses, personnel, resources, or assets into our operations successfully, we may be unable to achieve our strategic goals or an economic return and the value of your investment could suffer.

We operate in a variety of industries and market sectors, all of which are very competitive and susceptible to economic downturns and would be adversely affected by a recession. We also look for opportunities in industries and market sectors in which we do not have any operating history. A worsening of general economic or market conditions may require us to devote more of our management resources to newly acquired companies and may result in lower valuations for our businesses or investments or have a negative impact on the credit quality of our assets.

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Our acquisitions may result in dilution to our shareholders and increase our exposure to additional liabilities.

We make selective acquisitions of companies that we believe could benefit from our resources of additional capital, business expertise, management direction and oversight, or existing operations. We endeavor to enhance and realize additional value to these acquired companies through our influence and control. Any acquisition could result in the use of a significant portion of our available cash, significant dilution caused by the issuance of securities to pay for any acquisition, and significant acquisition-related charges. Acquisitions may also result in the assumption of liabilities, including liabilities that are unknown or not fully known to us at the time of the acquisition, which could have a material adverse financial effect on us. Moreover, we may need to incur debt obligations, in order to finance new acquisitions. Additionally, our acquisitions and investments may yield low or negative returns for an extended period of time, which could temporarily or permanently depress our return on shareholders’ equity, and we may not realize the value of the funds invested.

We generally make acquisitions and investments that tend to be long term in nature, and for the purpose of realizing additional value by means of appropriate levels of influence and control. We acquire businesses that we believe to be undervalued or may benefit from additional capital, restructuring of operations or management or improved competitiveness through operational efficiencies with our existing operations or through appropriate and strategic management input. We may not be able to develop acceptable revenue streams and investment returns through the businesses we acquire, and as a result we may lose part or all of our investment in these assets.

Additionally, when any of our acquisitions do not achieve acceptable rates of return or we do not realize the value of the funds invested, we may write down the value of such acquisitions or sell the acquired businesses at a loss. Some of our prior acquisitions have lost either part or all of the capital we invested. Unsuccessful acquisitions could have negative impacts on our cash flows, income, assets and shareholders’ equity, which may be temporary or permanent. Moreover, the process we employ to enhance value in our acquisitions and investments can consume considerable amounts of time and resources. Consequently, costs incurred as a result of these acquisitions and investments may exceed their revenues and/or increases in their values, if any, for an extended period of time.

Our ability to achieve an acceptable rate of return on any particular investment is subject to a number of factors which may be beyond our control, including increased competition and loss of market share, the ability of management to implement their strategic and operational directives, cyclical or uneven financial results, technological obsolescence, foreign currency risks and regulatory delays.

We may need additional capital in the future to fund the growth of our business and acquisitions, and financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our shareholders.

We currently anticipate that our available capital resources and operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we cannot provide any assurance that such resources will be sufficient to fund the long-term growth of our business and acquisitions. We may raise additional funds through public or private debt, equity or hybrid securities financings, including, without limitation, through the issuance of securities. We currently have an effective shelf registration statement which allows us to sell up to $400 million of a variety of securities in one or more offerings in the public markets.

We may experience difficulty in raising necessary capital in view of the recent volatility in the capital markets and increases in the cost of finance. Increasingly stringent rating standards could make it more difficult for us to obtain financing. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our shareholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing shareholders. Indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. The additional financing we may need may not be available to us, or on favorable terms. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, respond to competitive pressures or otherwise execute our strategic plan would be significantly limited. In any such case, our business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

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* Our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, if our Company undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in our equity ownership over a three year period), the ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset our post-change income may be limited. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of shifts in our stock ownership. As of September 30, 2015, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $143.3 million and $183 million, respectively, which, depending on our value at the time of any ownership changes, could be limited.

Our acquisitions of and investments in non-U.S. companies subject us to additional market, liquidity, tax and foreign exchange risks which could affect the value of our stock.

We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, businesses and securities in non-U.S. public companies and other assets or businesses not located in the U.S. Typically, these non-U.S. securities are not registered with the SEC and regulation of these companies is under the jurisdiction of the relevant non-U.S. country. The respective non-U.S. regulatory regime may limit our ability to obtain timely and comprehensive financial information for the non-U.S. companies in which we have invested. In addition, if a non-U.S. company in which we invest were to take actions which could be deleterious to its shareholders, non-U.S. legal systems may make it difficult or time-consuming for us to challenge such actions. These factors may affect our ability to acquire controlling stakes, or to dispose of our non-U.S. investments, or to realize the full fair value of our non-U.S. investments. In addition, investments in non-U.S. countries may give rise to complex cross-border tax issues. We aim to manage our tax affairs efficiently, but given the complexity of dealing with U.S. and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions, we may have to pay tax in both the U.S. and in non-U.S. countries, and we may be unable to offset any U.S. tax liabilities with non-U.S. tax credits. If we are unable to manage our non-U.S. tax issues efficiently, our financial condition and the results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. In addition, our base currency is United States dollars. Accordingly, we are subject to foreign exchange risk through our acquisitions of stocks in non-U.S. public companies.

Significant fluctuations in the non-U.S. currencies in which we hold investments or consummate transactions could negatively impact our financial condition and the results of operations and cash flows. We also may be unable to effectively and efficiently repatriate funds into the U.S. upon monetization of assets, securities, or businesses not located in the U.S., which could have an impact on our liquidity.

We may not be able to retain key management personnel we need to succeed, which could adversely affect our ability to successfully operate our businesses.

To run our day-to-day operations and to successfully manage newly acquired companies we must, among other things, continue to attract and retain key management. We rely on the services of a small team of key executive officers. If they depart, it could have a significant adverse effect upon our business. Mr. Hart, our CEO, is key to the implementation of our strategic focus, and our ability to successfully develop our current strategy is dependent upon our ability to retain his services. Also, increased competition for skilled management and staff employees in our businesses could cause us to experience significant increases in operating costs and reduced profitability.

Because our operations are diverse, analysts and investors may not be able to evaluate us adequately, which may negatively influence the price of our stock.

We are a diversified holding company with significant operations in a variety of business segments. Each of these areas is unique, complex in nature, and difficult to understand. In particular, the water resource business is a developing industry in the United States with very little historical and comparable data, very complex valuation issues and a limited following of analysts. Because we are complex, analysts and investors may not be able to adequately evaluate our operations and enterprise as a going concern. This could cause analysts and investors to make inaccurate evaluations of our stock, or to overlook PICO in general. As a result, the trading volume and price of our stock could suffer and may be subject to excessive volatility.

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Fluctuations in the market price of our common stock may affect your ability to sell your shares.

The trading price of our common stock has historically been, and we expect will continue to be, subject to fluctuations. The market price of our common stock may be significantly impacted by:

• quarterly variations in financial performance and condition of our various businesses;

• shortfalls in revenue or earnings from estimates forecast by securities analysts or others;

• changes in estimates by such analysts;

• the availability of economically viable acquisition or investment opportunities, including water resources and real estate, which will return an adequate economic return;

• our competitors’ announcements of extraordinary events such as acquisitions;

• litigation; and

• general economic conditions and other matters described herein.

Our results of operations have been subject to significant fluctuations, particularly on a quarterly basis, and our future results of operations could fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year. Causes of such fluctuations may include the inclusion or exclusion of operating earnings from newly acquired or sold operations, one time transactions, and impairment losses. Statements or changes in opinions, ratings, or earnings estimates made by brokerage firms or industry analysts relating to the markets in which we do business or relating to us specifically could result in an immediate and adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Such fluctuations in the market price of our common stock could affect the value of your investment and your ability to sell your shares. In addition, some investors favor companies that pay dividends, particularly in market downturns. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth and, therefore, we do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock.

Litigation may harm our business or otherwise distract our management.

Substantial, complex or extended litigation could cause us to incur large expenditures and distract our management. For example, lawsuits by employees, shareholders or customers could be very costly and substantially disrupt our business. Additionally, from time to time we or our subsidiaries will have disputes with companies or individuals which may result in litigation that could necessitate our management’s attention and require us to expend our resources. We may be unable to accurately assess our level of exposure to specific litigation and we cannot provide any assurance that we will always be able to resolve such disputes out of court or on terms favorable to us. We may be forced to resolve litigation in a manner not favorable to us, and such resolution could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Our governing documents could prevent an acquisition of our company or limit the price that investors might be willing to pay for our common stock.

Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and the California General Corporation Law could discourage a third party from acquiring, or make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, control of our company without approval of our board of directors. For example, our bylaws require advance notice for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to our board of directors. We are also subject to the provisions of Section 1203 of the California General Corporation Law, which requires a fairness opinion to be provided to our shareholders in connection with their consideration of any proposed “interested party” reorganization transaction. All or any of these factors could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

If equity analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. The price of our stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our stock or if those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

46

Our business could be negatively impacted by cyber security threats.

In the ordinary course of our business, we use our data centers and our networks to store and access our proprietary business information. We face various cyber security threats, including cyber security attacks to our information technology infrastructure and attempts by others to gain access to our proprietary or sensitive information. The procedures and controls we use to monitor these threats and mitigate our exposure may not be sufficient to prevent cyber security incidents. The result of these incidents could include disrupted operations, lost opportunities, misstated financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased costs arising from the implementation of additional security protective measures, litigation and reputational damage. Any remedial costs or other liabilities related to cyber security incidents may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means.

THE FOREGOING FACTORS, INDIVIDUALLY OR IN AGGREGATE, COULD MATERIALLY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATING RESULTS AND CASH FLOWS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION AND COULD MAKE COMPARISON OF HISTORIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, INCLUDING RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND CASH FLOWS AND BALANCES, DIFFICULT OR NOT MEANINGFUL.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

See Note 6 “Debt” in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of working capital restrictions and other limitations upon the payment of dividends, which information is incorporated by reference into this Item 2 of Part II.

Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5: Other Information

None.

47

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
2.1	Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 13, 2015, by and between PICO Northstar Hallock, LLC and CHS Hallock, LLC. (1)
3(i)	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of PICO. (2)
3(ii)	Amended and Restated By-laws of PICO. (3)
4.1	Indenture, dated October 21, 2014, among UCP, Inc., the guarantors named therein, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee. (4)
10.1	Guaranty, dated July 31, 2015, between PICO Holdings, Inc. and CHS Hallock, LLC. (5)
10.2	Restrictive Covenant Agreement, dated July 31, 2015, between CHS Hallock, LLC and PICO Holdings, Inc. (5)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

(1)	Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2015.
(2)	Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (No. 033-36383) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 7, 2007.
(3)	Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 033-36383) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 19, 2009.
(4)	Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 24, 2014.
(5)	Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 6, 2015.

48

PICO HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		PICO HOLDINGS, INC.
Date:	November 6, 2015	By: /s/ Maxim C. W. Webb
		Maxim C. W. Webb
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer,
		Treasurer, and Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)

49

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John R. Hart, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PICO Holdings, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  November 6, 2015

/s/ John R. Hart

John R. Hart

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Maxim C.W. Webb, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PICO Holdings, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  November 6, 2015

/s/ Maxim C.W. Webb

Maxim C.W. Webb

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PICO Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John R. Hart, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 906”), that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:  November 6, 2015

/s/ John R. Hart

John R. Hart

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PICO Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Maxim C. W. Webb, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Section 906”), that to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:  November 6, 2015

/s/ Maxim C.W. Webb

Maxim C.W. Webb

Chief Financial Officer

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net unrealized appreciation on available-for-sale investments					$ 5,068	$ 4,773
Foreign currency translation					(141)	(56)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 4,963	$ 660	$ 4,717	$ 232	4,927	4,717
Deferred income tax liability					$ 2,700	$ 2,600
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	4,963	660	4,717	232
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	83	(202)	672	841
Unrealized (gain) loss reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	(71)	$ (565)	(377)	$ (1,178)
Accumulated foreign currency translation reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	2		342
Total reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	(69)	$ (565)	(35)	$ (1,178)
Change in accumulated foreign currency translation, net of tax	(50)	247	(427)	245
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36)	(520)	210	(92)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$ 4,927	$ 140	$ 4,927	$ 140

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table reports amounts that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and included in earnings (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	4,963		$	660		$	4,717		$	232
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	83			(202		)	672			841
Unrealized gain reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (1)	(71		)	(565		)	(377		)	(1,178		)
Accumulated foreign currency translation reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (2)	2						342
Total reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	(69		)	(565		)	(35		)	(1,178		)
Change in accumulated foreign currency translation, net of tax	(50		)	247			(427		)	245
Net change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36		)	(520		)	210			(92		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	140		$	4,927		$	140

⁽¹⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on marketable securities are included in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

⁽²⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on foreign exchange are included in other income in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments	$	5,068		$	4,773
Foreign currency translation	(141		)	(56		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	4,717

XML

Segment Reporting - Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item
Revenues	$ 78,091	$ 59,158	$ 158,523	$ 153,131
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	1,099	(4,989)	(34,816)	(18,440)
Water resource and water storage operations
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item
Revenues	3,468	1,087	4,191	1,464
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	834	(1,131)	(1,907)	(4,965)
Real estate operations
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item
Revenues	73,777	55,794	172,243	145,212
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	3,839	(795)	(1,661)	(6,251)
Corporate
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item
Revenues	846	2,277	(17,911)	6,455
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	$ (3,574)	$ (3,063)	$ (31,248)	$ (7,224)

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2015	$ 400
2016	1,547
2017	1,414
2018	1,289
2019	531
Thereafter	159
Total	$ 5,340

XML

Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Real Estate [Abstract]

Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets

Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets

The costs assigned to the various components of real estate and tangible water assets were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Real estate and improvements held and used, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,558 and $10,899 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively	$	9,914	$	10,574
Residential real estate and home construction inventories	384,748		322,938
Other real estate inventories completed or under development	10,000		10,308
Tangible water assets	42,518		42,530
Total real estate and tangible water assets	$	447,180	$	386,350

Amortization of real estate improvements was approximately $219,000 for each of the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and was approximately $659,000 for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Impairment Losses for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015:

There were no material impairment losses recognized on real estate and tangible water assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Impairment Losses for the Year Ended December 31, 2014:

During 2014, certain water rights applications were denied by the New Mexico State Engineer and as a result, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $3.5 million by writing down the project’s capitalized costs to zero.

During 2014, the Company decided to sell a property “as-is” as opposed to performing development activities as originally planned and has therefore written down the carrying value of the asset to the estimated fair value. The Company has reduced the carrying value of the real estate balance to $1.4 million by recording an impairment loss of $2.9 million.

XML

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations - Tables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Jul. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Revenues and other income:
Sales of canola oil and meal	$ 9,600		$ 41,144	$ 82,267	$ 124,963
Other	18		1,453	(50)	2,417
Total revenue and other income	9,618		42,597	82,217	127,380
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of canola oil and meal sold	(8,738)		(38,319)	(79,763)	(103,501)
Depreciation	(18)		(2,068)	(4,360)	(6,194)
Other direct costs of production	(1,155)		(2,828)	(5,938)	(8,581)
Total cost of goods sold	$ (9,911)		(43,215)	(90,061)	(118,276)
Depreciation			$ (37)	(95)	$ (110)
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets				(1,875)
Interest	$ (428)		$ (1,312)	(3,259)	$ (3,964)
Plant costs and overhead	(9,504)		(3,254)	(16,447)	(9,992)
Segment total expenses	(19,843)		(47,818)	(111,737)	(132,342)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225)		$ (5,221)	(29,520)	$ (4,962)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax (1)	1,348	$ 16,900		18,251
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573)		$ (5,221)	(47,771)	$ (4,962)
Net (income) loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(16)		641	1,730	594
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	(11,589)		(4,580)	(46,041)	(4,368)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	1,773		$ 482	1,773	$ 482		$ 301
Accounts receivable	$ 10,756			$ 10,756			3,311
Inventory							11,663
Real estate, net	$ 1,276			$ 1,276			5,889
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 223			$ 223			116,793
Goodwill							4,702
Other assets							9,895
Total assets held-for-sale	$ 14,028			$ 14,028			152,554
Liabilities
Debt						$ 80,900	84,045
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 1,041			$ 1,041			8,186
Other liabilities	17			17			2,357
Total liabilities held-for-sale	$ 1,058			$ 1,058			$ 94,588

XML

Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Dec. 31, 2014
Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets [Line Items]
Real estate and improvements	$ 9,914		$ 9,914		$ 10,574
Residential real estate and home construction inventories	384,748		384,748		322,938
Other real estate inventories completed or under development	10,000		10,000		10,308
Water and Water Rights	42,518		42,518		42,530
Total real estate and tangible water assets	447,180		447,180		386,350
Asset impairment charge					3,500
Accumulated amortization	11,558		11,558		10,899
Loss on real estate			274		2,865
Water resource and water storage operations
Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets [Line Items]
Water and Water Rights					0
Real Estate Operations
Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets [Line Items]
Other real estate inventories completed or under development					1,400
Loss on real estate					$ 2,900
Leasehold Improvements
Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets [Line Items]
Amortization	$ 219	$ 219	$ 659	$ 659

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Impairment loss on classification of assets as held-for-sale, net of tax	$ 1,348	$ 16,900		$ 18,251

XML

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2015 USD ($) account permit	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2014 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2015 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2014 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gross selling price	$ 105,300
Selling price	127,000
Working capital adjustment	$ 22,000
Period to determine final working capital adjustment	90 days
Debt	$ 80,900						$ 84,045
Selling and other related costs	5,900
Net proceeds	18,400
Escrow deposit	$ 10,200
Number of escrow accounts | account	2
Number of environmental permits | permit	2
Period for resolution of operational matters	6 months
Impairment loss on classification of assets as held-for-sale, net of tax		$ (1,348)	$ (16,900)		$ (18,251)
Indemnification Agreement
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Escrow deposit	$ 6,000
Period for release of escrow	18 months
Indemnification claims guaranteed in excess of escrow	$ 8,000
Period of guarantee	5 years
Performance Guarantee
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Escrow deposit	$ 4,200
Performance Guarantee, Waste Water
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Escrow deposit	1,800
Performance Guarantee, Air Quality
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Escrow deposit	$ 2,400

XML

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net	$ 126,835	$ 126,612
Intangibles impairment		2,282
Pipeline and Water Rights
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net		5,600
Fair value of intangibles		3,300
Intangibles impairment	0	2,300
Fish Springs Ranch | Pipeline and Water Rights
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net	83,897	83,897
Carson-Lyon
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net	24,831	24,804
Other Properties
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net	$ 18,107	$ 17,911

XML

Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities
Debt securities, Cost	$ 4,608	$ 8,909
Debt securities, Carrying Value	4,555	9,042
Total, Cost	15,153	23,689
Total, Gross Unrealized Gains	8,030	7,533
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	(234)	(190)
Total, Carrying Value	22,949	31,032
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities [Abstract]
Due in one year or less, Amortized Cost	162	3,786
Due after one year through five years, Amortized Cost	2,689	3,310
Due after five years, Amortized Cost	1,757	1,813
Due in one year or less, Carrying Value	161	3,958
Due after one year through five years, Carrying Value	2,617	3,255
Due after five years, Carrying Value	1,777	1,829
Corporate Bond Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities
Debt securities, Cost	4,608	8,909
Debt securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	42	198
Debt securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(95)	(65)
Debt securities, Carrying Value	4,555	9,042
Equity Securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities
Marketable equity securities, Cost	10,545	14,780
Marketable equity securities, Gross Unrealized Gains	7,988	7,335
Marketable equity securities, Gross Unrealized Losses	(139)	(125)
Marketable equity securities, carrying value	$ 18,394	$ 21,990

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of PICO Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “PICO”) have been prepared in accordance with the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments and reclassifications considered necessary for a fair and comparable presentation of the financial statements presented have been included and are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements:

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for each reporting period. The significant estimates made in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements relate to the assessment of other-than-temporary impairments, the application of the equity method of accounting, goodwill and intangibles, real estate and water assets, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation, and contingent liabilities. While management believes that the carrying value of such assets and liabilities are appropriate, it is reasonably possible that actual results could differ from the estimates upon which the carrying values were based.

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations:

On July 13, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement with CHS Inc. (“CHS”), pursuant to which the Company sold substantially all of the assets used in its agribusiness segment. The sale closed on July 31, 2015. As a result of the transaction, the assets and liabilities of the Company’s agribusiness segment qualified as held-for-sale and have been classified as discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of the earliest period presented. Consequently, prior periods presented have been recast from amounts previously reported to reflect the agribusiness segment as discontinued agribusiness operations. The Company recorded a loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations of $18.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. See Note 11 “Discontinued Agribusiness Operations” for additional information.

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Investments - Schedule for Cost and Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other investments	$ 3,482,000	$ 24,639,000		$ 3,482,000
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate	$ (1,942,000)		$ (410,000)	(3,422,000)	$ (1,569,000)
Impairment on preferred shares				20,696,000
Synthonics
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method investments	$ 2,170,000	$ 2,170,000		$ 2,170,000
Cost method, ownership percentage	18.30%	19.60%		18.30%
Mindjet
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other investments	$ 2,200,000			$ 2,200,000
Voting interest percentage	19.30%			19.30%
Conversion ratio	0.2			0.2
Impairment on preferred shares		$ 1,100,000		$ 20,700,000
Minimum damages	$ 0			0
Maximum damages	1,200,000			1,200,000
Equity Securities | Mindjet
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method investments	$ 1,312,000	$ 15,858,000		$ 1,312,000
Cost method, ownership percentage	0.00%	13.40%		0.00%
Equity method investments	$ 0	$ 6,611,000		$ 0
Equity method investments, ownership percentage	19.30%	15.00%		19.30%
Other investments	$ 1,312,000	$ 22,469,000		$ 1,312,000
Voting interest percentage	19.30%	28.40%		19.30%
Convertible Debt Securities | Mindjet
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method investments	$ 851,000			$ 851,000

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Related-Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 20, 2015	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Dec. 31, 2014
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred compensation		$ 25,461		$ 25,461		$ 24,584
Deferred compensation expense		90	$ (414)	1,100	$ 600
Synthonics
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cost method investments		$ 2,170		$ 2,170		$ 2,170
Cost method, ownership percentage		18.30%		18.30%		19.60%
Line of Credit | PICO Holdings, Inc. | Synthonics Line of Credit | Synthonics | Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Line of credit						$ 450
Stated interest rate (percent)						15.00%
Rabbi Trusts | Trust for Benefit of Employees
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cost basis	$ 2,300
Proceeds from sale	$ 5,000

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Unaudited - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 40,154	$ 62,677
Investments ($22,949 and $28,370 measured at fair value at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively)	26,431	55,671
Real estate and tangible water assets, net	447,180	386,350
Property, plant and equipment, net of $5,487 and $4,742 of accumulated depreciation at September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively	4,715	4,224
Intangible assets, net	126,835	126,612
Other assets	16,483	16,356
Assets held-for-sale	14,028	152,554
Total assets	675,826	804,444
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Debt	170,150	135,451
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	35,991	24,591
Deferred compensation	25,461	24,584
Other liabilities	11,804	13,685
Liabilities held-for-sale	1,058	94,588
Total liabilities	$ 244,464	$ 292,899
Commitments and contingencies
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 100,000 shares, 23,095 issued and 23,017 outstanding at September 30, 2015, and 23,083 issued and 23,005 outstanding at December 31, 2014	$ 23	$ 23
Additional paid-in capital	493,830	491,662
Accumulated deficit	(150,195)	(69,508)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,927	4,717
Treasury stock, at cost (common shares: 78 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014)	(1,413)	(1,413)
Total PICO Holdings, Inc. shareholders’ equity	347,172	425,481
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries	84,190	86,064
Total equity	431,362	511,545
Total liabilities and equity	$ 675,826	$ 804,444

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Unaudited (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Deferred income tax on unrealized gain on securities	$ 159	$ 186
Reclassification adjustments netted against unrealized gain on securities	$ 581	$ 1,813

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Disclosures About Fair Value - Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Carrying Amount
Financial assets:
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities	$ 3,482	$ 18,028
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates debt securities		2,662
Financial liabilities:
Debt	$ 170,150	135,451
Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities	$ 7,986	18,028
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates debt securities		7,964
Financial liabilities:
Debt	$ 176,264	$ 150,143

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Disclosures About Fair Value (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables set forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value, on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2014, $5.6 million in equity securities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of low trading volume and a wide bid/ask spread. There were no significant transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 during the year ended December 31, 2014. There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period.

At September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at September 30, 2015
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,479	$	7,915			$	18,394
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	4,555					$	4,555
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	2,707	$	2,707

At December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,892	$	11,098			$	21,990
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	6,380					$	6,380
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	3,902	$	3,902

⁽¹⁾ Where there are quoted market prices that are readily available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 available-for-sale investments are valued using quoted market prices multiplied by the number of shares owned and debt securities are valued using a market quote in an active market. All Level 2 available-for-sale securities are one class because they all contain similar risks and are valued using market prices and include securities where the markets are not active, that is where there are few transactions, or the prices are not current or the prices vary considerably over time. Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices. Level 3 available-for-sale securities would include securities where valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

⁽²⁾ Included in this caption is the contingent consideration that the Company entered into as part of the acquisition of Citizens Homes, Inc. (“Citizens”). The contingent consideration arrangement requires the Company to pay up to a maximum of $6 million of additional consideration based upon achievement of various pre-tax net income performance milestones of the new business (“performance milestones”) over a five year period commencing on April 1, 2014. Payout calculations are made based on calendar year performance, except for the sixth payout calculation, which will be calculated based on the achievement of performance milestones from January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019. Payouts are to be made on an annual basis. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the Company could be required to make under the contingent consideration arrangement is between zero and $6 million. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated based on applying the income approach and a weighted probability of achievement of the performance milestones. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated by using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the contingent consideration was then estimated as the arithmetic average of all simulation paths. The model was based on forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The measurement is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, which are defined as Level 3 inputs. Key assumptions include: (1) forecasted adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period, (2) risk-adjusted discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in the forecasted adjusted net income, (3) risk-free interest rates, (4) volatility of adjusted net income, and (5) UCP’s credit spread. The risk adjusted discount rate for adjusted net income was 13.4% plus the applicable risk-free rate resulting in a combined discount rate ranging from 13.2% to 14.1% over the contingent consideration period. The volatility rate of 21.3% and a credit spread of 10.7% were applied to forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following tables set forth the Company’s non-financial assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and for the year ended December 31, 2014, by level within the fair value hierarchy.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Oil and gas wells (1)			$	2,542	$	(1,816	)
Real estate and development costs (2)			$	3,400	$	(274	)
Real estate and development costs (3)			$	1,326	$	(1,875	)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate (4)			$	2,163	$	(20,696	)

⁽¹⁾ During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an impairment loss to write down the value of capitalized development costs related to its oil and gas wells. The estimated fair value of the wells was determined using a discounted cash flow model. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the corporate segment.

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the real estate segment.

⁽³⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax and was included in the results of operations of the discontinued agribusiness segment.

⁽⁴⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement on its investment in Mindjet that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Intangible water assets (1)			$	3,638	$	(2,282	)
Tangible water asset and other assets (2)			$	—	$	(3,509	)
Oil and gas wells (3)			$	1,730	$	(4,428	)
Real estate (4)			$	1,357	$	(2,865	)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost (5)			$	15,858	$	(1,078	)

⁽¹⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for intangible assets that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 3 “Intangible Assets.”

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for a tangible water asset that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets.”

⁽³⁾ Due to the significant decline in crude oil prices during the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed an impairment analysis of the oil and gas wells using a discounted cash flow model. Based on the analysis, the Company wrote down the carrying value of oil wells capitalized to their estimated fair value, resulting in an impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2014.

⁽⁴⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of a real estate asset discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets, Net.”

⁽⁵⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of an investment in an unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments which are not carried at fair value (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities	$	3,482	$	7,986	$	18,028	$	18,028
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates debt securities					$	2,662	$	7,964
Financial liabilities:
Debt	$	170,150	$	176,264	$	135,451	$	150,143

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Debt (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		11 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	$ 170,150,000		$ 170,150,000		$ 170,150,000	$ 135,451,000
Interest costs capitalized	3,100,000	$ 701,000	8,500,000	$ 1,600,000
Line of Credit | Real estate operations
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unused borrowing capacity	$ 92,100,000		$ 92,100,000		$ 92,100,000	$ 87,300,000
No stated interest, payments through 2017 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Mortgages	$ 1,935,000		$ 1,935,000		$ 1,935,000
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgages	$ 82,308,000		$ 82,308,000		$ 82,308,000	$ 52,379,000
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017 | Mortgage debt | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	3.00%		3.00%		3.00%
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017 | Mortgage debt | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	4.75%		4.75%		4.75%
5% to 5.5% payments through 2016 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgages	$ 5,633,000		$ 5,633,000		$ 5,633,000	$ 6,918,000
5% to 5.5% payments through 2016 | Mortgage debt | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	5.00%		5.00%		5.00%
5% to 5.5% payments through 2016 | Mortgage debt | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	5.50%		5.50%		5.50%
8% payments through 2018 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	8.00%		8.00%		8.00%
Mortgages	$ 4,000,000		$ 4,000,000		$ 4,000,000
8.5% Senior Notes Due in 2017 | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issued						$ 75,000,000
8.5% Senior Notes Due in 2017 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	8.50%		8.50%		8.50%
Mortgages	$ 74,670,000		$ 74,670,000		$ 74,670,000	74,550,000
8.5% Senior Notes Due in 2017 | UCP | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum debt to tangible assets ratio allowed per covenant (percent)			45.00%
Maximum secured debt allowed per covenant			$ 75,000,000
Maximum secured debt to tangible assets ratio allowed per covenant (percent)			30.00%
Maximum annual acquisition of unimproved real property allowed per covenant			$ 75,000,000
Maximum acquisition of unimproved real property allowed per covenant over the term of debt agreement			150,000,000
Minimum tangible assets not subject to debt-secured liens required per covenant			50,000,000
Actual tangible assets not subject to debt-secured liens	167,100,000		167,100,000		167,100,000
Minimum net worth required per covenant			175,000,000
Net worth	236,100,000		236,100,000		236,100,000
Minimum cash and cash equivalents required per covenants			15,000,000
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 22,600,000		22,600,000		22,600,000
Maximum annual decrease in tangible assets allowed per covenant			25,000,000
Actual annual increase in tangible assets			42,600,000
Maximum decrease in tangible assets allowed per covenant over term of debt agreement			$ 50,000,000
Actual increase (decrease) in tangible assets over term of agreement					$ 112,500,000
10% payments through 2017 | Mortgage debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (percent)	10.00%		10.00%		10.00%
Mortgages	$ 1,604,000		$ 1,604,000		$ 1,604,000	$ 1,604,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum payments under all operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2015	$	400
2016	1,547
2017	1,414
2018	1,289
2019	531
Thereafter	159
Total	$	5,340

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Unaudited - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Operating activities:
Cash used in operating activities - continuing operations	$ (58,060)	$ (80,271)
Cash used in operating activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	(17,462)	(2,228)
Net cash used in operating activities	(75,522)	(82,499)
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments	(1,782)	(9,995)
Proceeds from sale of investments	7,055	21,954
Proceeds from maturity of investments	1,343
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	$ (1,999)	(3,806)
Cash used in the acquisition of consolidated subsidiaries		(14,006)
Other investing activities, net	$ 79	(209)
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities - continuing operations	4,696	(6,062)
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued agribusiness operations	100,098	(4,919)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	104,794	(10,981)
Financing activities:
Repayment of debt	(174,533)	(75,218)
Payment of withholding taxes on exercise of restricted stock units	(370)	$ (1,619)
Debt issuance costs	(698)
Proceeds from debt	$ 125,294	$ 86,583
Proceeds from the sale of treasury stock		$ 223
Distribution to noncontrolling interests	$ (16)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$ (50,323)	$ 9,969
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		1,621
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$ (21,051)	(81,890)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	62,978	138,039
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	41,927	56,149
Less cash and cash equivalents of discontinued agribusiness operations at the end of the period	1,773	482
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of the period	40,154	55,667
Supplemental cash flow information:
Refunds of federal, foreign, and state income taxes	(72)	(1,991)
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized (primarily in discontinued agribusiness operations)	3,295	$ 3,604
Unpaid liability incurred for development costs	1,332
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units	$ 680	$ 4,349
Fair value of assets acquired in Citizens acquisition		20,259
Cash paid for acquisition of consolidated subsidiaries		(14,006)
Contingent consideration and liabilities assumed in Citizens acquisition		$ 6,253

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - Unaudited (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Investments at fair value	$ 22,949	$ 28,370
Accumulated depreciation	$ 5,487	$ 4,742
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	23,095,000	23,083,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	23,017,000	23,005,000
Treasury stock, common shares held (in shares)	78,000	78,000

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Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

PICO is a diversified holding company engaged in the following operating and reportable segments: Water Resource and Water Storage Operations, Real Estate Operations, Corporate, and Discontinued Agribusiness Operations. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the Company’s 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Management analyzes segments using the following information:

Segment assets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	185,677	$	186,294
Real estate operations	427,993		384,855
Corporate	48,128		80,741
Discontinued agribusiness operations	14,028		152,554
Total assets	$	675,826	$	804,444

Segment revenues and income (loss) before taxes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	3,468		$	1,087		$	4,191		$	1,464
Real estate operations	73,777			55,794			172,243			145,212
Corporate	846			2,277			(17,911		)	6,455
Total revenue and other income	$	78,091		$	59,158		$	158,523		$	153,131
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	834		$	(1,131	)	$	(1,907	)	$	(4,965	)
Real estate operations	3,839			(795		)	(1,661		)	(6,251		)
Corporate	(3,574		)	(3,063		)	(31,248		)	(7,224		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	$	1,099		$	(4,989	)	$	(34,816	)	$	(18,440	)

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Nov. 02, 2015
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	PICO HOLDINGS INC /NEW
Entity Central Index Key	0000830122
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,017,041
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2015
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2015

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Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

Discontinued Agribusiness Operations

On July 13, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to sell substantially all of the assets used in its agribusiness segment to CHS for a net selling price of $105.3 million. The transaction closed on July 31, 2015. The selling price was determined primarily as an amount equal to $127 million less an estimated $22 million working capital balance adjustment. The final sale price is subject to change upon final calculation of the working capital balance to be determined within 90 days from the date the sale closed. If the final working capital balance is less than the estimated working capital balance, the Company will pay CHS for the shortfall, however the Company will receive additional proceeds if the final working capital balance is greater than the estimated working capital balance. After repayment of $80.9 million of outstanding debt and $5.9 million in selling and other related costs of the sale, the Company received net proceeds of $18.4 million on the date of close.

The Company was required to deposit $10.2 million of such net proceeds in two separate escrow accounts, which is presented within accounts receivable in the table below. The first escrow account required $6 million to secure general indemnification obligations and for refund of any difference in the final working capital balance. Any balance remaining after payment of indemnification claims will be released 18 months from the closing date of the sale. The second escrow account required $4.2 million for specified operational matters (“operational escrow”). Specified amounts of the operational escrow related to proposed amendments to two environmental permits related to plant operations that are in process, but were not received prior to the closing date of the sale. The first matter related to certain waste water issues at the plant that required a deposit of $1.8 million and the second matter relates to plant air quality issues that required a $2.4 million deposit. During October 2015, the air quality issue was resolved and the Company received the entire $2.4 million deposit. In the event that the waste water permit amendment is not approved by the relevant regulatory authorities, the deposit in the operational escrow will be paid to CHS in satisfaction of the matter. Conversely, if the amendment is approved, the entire deposit will be released to the Company. The Company anticipates resolution within the next six months. Such escrowed balances have been recorded at an estimated fair value that reflects the Company’s expectation that the majority of these funds will eventually be released to the Company. However, any amounts paid by out of these escrow accounts to CHS in excess of the estimate will result in additional loss on the sale.

The Company also guaranteed up to $8 million for any indemnification claims in excess of the $6 million escrow pursuant to the terms of a guaranty agreement with CHS, which was executed at the closing. This guaranty will remain in force for five years from the date of sale. The guaranty has been recorded at estimated fair value that reflects the Company’s expectation that no significant amounts will be paid out under the guaranty. However, any amounts paid by the Company to CHS in excess of the estimate will result in additional loss on the sale.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded losses of $1.3 million and $18.3 million, respectively, on the sale of discontinued agribusiness operations. Such losses were included in loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss. Although there are outstanding issues to resolve with respect to this sale as noted above, as of September 30, 2015, the Company does not expect to record any other significant expenses related to the operations or sale of the discontinued agribusiness operations. The assets of the Company’s discontinued agribusiness presented in the table below at September 30, 2015, were comprised primarily of the operational escrowed funds discussed above and cash. Any assets in excess of the resolution of the outstanding matters, and after payment of remaining liabilities, are available to the Company for any corporate purposes.

The Company’s agribusiness segment qualified as held-for-sale at September 30, 2015 and has been classified as discontinued agribusiness operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as of the earliest period presented. Consequently, prior periods presented have been recast from amounts previously reported to reflect the agribusiness segment as discontinued agribusiness operations.

The following table presents the details of the Company’s results from discontinued agribusiness operations included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Sales of canola oil and meal	$	9,600		$	41,144		$	82,267		$	124,963
Other	18			1,453			(50		)	2,417
Total revenue and other income	9,618			42,597			82,217			127,380
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of canola oil and meal sold	(8,738		)	(38,319		)	(79,763		)	(103,501		)
Depreciation	(18		)	(2,068		)	(4,360		)	(6,194		)
Other direct costs of production	(1,155		)	(2,828		)	(5,938		)	(8,581		)
Total cost of goods sold	(9,911		)	(43,215		)	(90,061		)	(118,276		)
Depreciation				(37		)	(95		)	(110		)
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets							(1,875		)
Interest	(428		)	(1,312		)	(3,259		)	(3,964		)
Plant costs and overhead	(9,504		)	(3,254		)	(16,447		)	(9,992		)
Segment total expenses	(19,843		)	(47,818		)	(111,737		)	(132,342		)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225		)	(5,221		)	(29,520		)	(4,962		)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax (1)	(1,348		)				(18,251		)
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573		)	(5,221		)	(47,771		)	(4,962		)
Net (income) loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(16		)	641			1,730			594
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$	(11,589	)	$	(4,580	)	$	(46,041	)	$	(4,368	)

⁽¹⁾ Included within the loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is a $16.9 million impairment loss on classification of assets as held-for-sale, which was recorded during the second quarter of 2015.

The following table presents the details of the Company’s discontinued agribusiness assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,773	$	301
Accounts receivable	10,756		3,311
Inventory			11,663
Real estate, net	1,276		5,889
Property, plant and equipment, net	223		116,793
Goodwill			4,702
Other assets			9,895
Total assets held-for-sale	$	14,028	$	152,554
Liabilities
Debt			$	84,045
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,041	8,186
Other liabilities	17		2,357
Total liabilities held-for-sale	$	1,058	$	94,588

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income or Loss - Unaudited - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Revenues and other income:
Sale of real estate and water assets	$ 77,044	$ 56,742	$ 175,718	$ 146,168
Impairment on investments			(20,696)
Other income	$ 1,047	$ 2,416	3,501	$ 6,963
Total revenues and other income	78,091	59,158	158,523	153,131
Cost of sales:
Cost of real estate and water assets sold	60,626	46,604	142,566	119,260
Expenses:
Operating and other costs	14,986	$ 16,649	47,034	47,320
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets	727		2,090	2,865
Depreciation and amortization	653	$ 894	1,649	2,126
Total cost of sales and expenses	76,992	64,147	193,339	171,571
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	1,099	(4,989)	(34,816)	(18,440)
Provision (benefit) for federal, foreign, and state income taxes	22	(179)	(2,949)	(535)
Equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliate	(1,942)	(410)	(3,422)	(1,569)
Loss from continuing operations	(865)	(5,220)	(35,289)	(19,474)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225)	$ (5,221)	(29,520)	$ (4,962)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax (1)	(1,348)		(18,251)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573)	$ (5,221)	(47,771)	$ (4,962)
Net loss	(12,438)	(10,441)	(83,060)	(24,436)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,654)	504	2,373	3,091
Net loss attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	(14,092)	(9,937)	(80,687)	(21,345)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	(12,438)	(10,441)	(83,060)	(24,436)
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities, net of deferred income tax and reclassification adjustments	12	(767)	295	(337)
Foreign currency translation	(48)	247	(85)	245
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36)	(520)	210	(92)
Comprehensive loss	(12,474)	(10,961)	(82,850)	(24,528)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1,654)	504	2,373	3,091
Comprehensive loss attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$ (14,128)	$ (10,457)	$ (80,477)	$ (21,437)
Net income (loss) per common share – basic and diluted ($ per share)
Loss from continuing operations	$ (0.11)	$ (0.24)	$ (1.51)	$ (0.75)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations	(0.50)	(0.20)	(2.00)	(0.19)
Net loss per common share – basic and diluted	$ (0.61)	$ (0.44)	$ (3.51)	$ (0.94)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted (number of shares)	23,017	22,770	23,010	22,757

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Disclosures About Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Disclosures About Fair Value

Disclosures About Fair Value

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The following tables set forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value, on a recurring basis, by level within the fair value hierarchy. During the year ended December 31, 2014, $5.6 million in equity securities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of low trading volume and a wide bid/ask spread. There were no significant transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 during the year ended December 31, 2014. There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period.

At September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at September 30, 2015
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,479	$	7,915			$	18,394
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	4,555					$	4,555
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	2,707	$	2,707

At December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014
Assets
Available-for-sale equity securities (1)	$	10,892	$	11,098			$	21,990
Available-for-sale debt securities (1)	$	6,380					$	6,380
Liabilities
Contingent Consideration (2)					$	3,902	$	3,902

⁽¹⁾ Where there are quoted market prices that are readily available in an active market, securities are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 available-for-sale investments are valued using quoted market prices multiplied by the number of shares owned and debt securities are valued using a market quote in an active market. All Level 2 available-for-sale securities are one class because they all contain similar risks and are valued using market prices and include securities where the markets are not active, that is where there are few transactions, or the prices are not current or the prices vary considerably over time. Inputs include directly or indirectly observable inputs such as quoted prices. Level 3 available-for-sale securities would include securities where valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

⁽²⁾ Included in this caption is the contingent consideration that the Company entered into as part of the acquisition of Citizens Homes, Inc. (“Citizens”). The contingent consideration arrangement requires the Company to pay up to a maximum of $6 million of additional consideration based upon achievement of various pre-tax net income performance milestones of the new business (“performance milestones”) over a five year period commencing on April 1, 2014. Payout calculations are made based on calendar year performance, except for the sixth payout calculation, which will be calculated based on the achievement of performance milestones from January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019. Payouts are to be made on an annual basis. The potential undiscounted amount of all future payments that the Company could be required to make under the contingent consideration arrangement is between zero and $6 million. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated based on applying the income approach and a weighted probability of achievement of the performance milestones. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was calculated by using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the contingent consideration was then estimated as the arithmetic average of all simulation paths. The model was based on forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The measurement is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, which are defined as Level 3 inputs. Key assumptions include: (1) forecasted adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period, (2) risk-adjusted discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in the forecasted adjusted net income, (3) risk-free interest rates, (4) volatility of adjusted net income, and (5) UCP’s credit spread. The risk adjusted discount rate for adjusted net income was 13.4% plus the applicable risk-free rate resulting in a combined discount rate ranging from 13.2% to 14.1% over the contingent consideration period. The volatility rate of 21.3% and a credit spread of 10.7% were applied to forecast adjusted net income over the contingent consideration period. The change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset.

The following tables set forth the Company’s non-financial assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and for the year ended December 31, 2014, by level within the fair value hierarchy.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Oil and gas wells (1)			$	2,542	$	(1,816	)
Real estate and development costs (2)			$	3,400	$	(274	)
Real estate and development costs (3)			$	1,326	$	(1,875	)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate (4)			$	2,163	$	(20,696	)

⁽¹⁾ During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an impairment loss to write down the value of capitalized development costs related to its oil and gas wells. The estimated fair value of the wells was determined using a discounted cash flow model. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the corporate segment.

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets and was included in the results of operations of the real estate segment.

⁽³⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for real estate and capitalized development costs that resulted in an impairment loss. The loss was reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss within loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax and was included in the results of operations of the discontinued agribusiness segment.

⁽⁴⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement on its investment in Mindjet that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Asset Description	Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss
Intangible water assets (1)			$	3,638	$	(2,282	)
Tangible water asset and other assets (2)			$	—	$	(3,509	)
Oil and gas wells (3)			$	1,730	$	(4,428	)
Real estate (4)			$	1,357	$	(2,865	)
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost (5)			$	15,858	$	(1,078	)

⁽¹⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for intangible assets that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 3 “Intangible Assets.”

⁽²⁾ The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement for a tangible water asset that resulted in an impairment loss discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets.”

⁽³⁾ Due to the significant decline in crude oil prices during the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company completed an impairment analysis of the oil and gas wells using a discounted cash flow model. Based on the analysis, the Company wrote down the carrying value of oil wells capitalized to their estimated fair value, resulting in an impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2014.

⁽⁴⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of a real estate asset discussed in Note 2 “Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets, Net.”

⁽⁵⁾The Company had a non-recurring fair value measurement of an investment in an unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost discussed in Note 4 “Investments.”

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements are classified include measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active (Level 2), and significant valuation assumptions that are not readily observable in the market (Level 3).

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accounts receivable approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these assets or liabilities. The estimated fair value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated affiliates approximated their carrying values. The estimated fair value of the Company's debt was based on cash flow models discounted at the then-current interest rates and an estimate of the then-current spread above those rates at which the Company could borrow, which are Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of certain of the Company’s other investments, which included investments in preferred stock of private companies, cannot be reasonably estimated on a recurring basis.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments which are not carried at fair value (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities	$	3,482	$	7,986	$	18,028	$	18,028
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates debt securities					$	2,662	$	7,964
Financial liabilities:
Debt	$	170,150	$	176,264	$	135,451	$	150,143

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

The cost and carrying value of available-for-sale investments were as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2015	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	4,608	$	42	$	(95	)	$	4,555
Marketable equity securities	10,545		7,988		(139		)	18,394
Total available-for-sale investments	$	15,153	$	8,030	$	(234	)	$	22,949

December 31, 2014	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	8,909	$	198	$	(65	)	$	9,042
Marketable equity securities	14,780		7,335		(125		)	21,990
Total available-for-sale investments	$	23,689	$	7,533	$	(190	)	$	31,032

There were no investments that had a material unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

The amortized cost and carrying value of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturity dates may differ from contractual maturity dates because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Carrying Value		Amortized Cost		Carrying Value
Due in one year or less	$	162	$	161	$	3,786	$	3,958
Due after one year through five years	2,689		2,617		3,310		3,255
Due after five years	1,757		1,777		1,813		1,829
Total	$	4,608	$	4,555	$	8,909	$	9,042

Debt Securities

The Company owns corporate bonds and other debt securities, which are purchased based on the maturity and yield-to-maturity of the bond and an analysis of the fundamental characteristics of the issuer. At September 30, 2015, and December 31, 2014, there were unrealized losses on certain bonds in the portfolio. The Company does not consider those bonds to be other-than-temporarily impaired because the Company expects to hold, and will not be required to sell, these particular bonds, and it expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis at maturity. There were no impairment losses recorded on debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Marketable Equity Securities

The Company’s investment in marketable equity securities was $18.4 million at September 30, 2015, and principally consisted of common stock of publicly traded small-capitalization companies in the U.S. and select foreign markets. At September 30, 2015, the Company reviewed its equity securities in an unrealized loss position and concluded certain of such securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired as the declines were not of sufficient duration and severity, and publicly-available financial information, collectively, did not indicate impairment. The primary cause of the loss on those securities was normal market volatility. No material impairment losses were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Other Investments

The Company owned the following investments that are not classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		Voting Interest		Carrying Value		Voting Interest
Investment in Synthonics	$	2,170	18.3	%	$	2,170	19.6	%
Investment in Mindjet:
Investment in common stock	$	—	19.3	%	$	6,611	15.0	%
Investment in preferred stock	1,312		—	%	15,858		13.4	%
	$	1,312	19.3	%	$	22,469	28.4	%
Total	$	3,482			$	24,639

Investment in Synthonics:

Synthonics, Inc. (“Synthonics”) is a private company co-founded by a member of the Company’s board of directors. The Company’s investment consists of preferred shares as discussed in Note 9 “Related-Party Transactions.”

Investment in Mindjet:

During the three months ended September 30, 2015, Mindjet, Inc. (“Mindjet”) raised additional capital from existing shareholders. The Company elected not to participate in the offering and as a result, the Company’s existing investment in preferred stock was converted to common stock at five shares of preferred stock for one share of common stock, and the Company’s investment in convertible debt was converted into nonvoting preferred stock resulting in a decline in the Company’s voting ownership to 19.3%. In addition, the Company lost its right to a board seat. Given the current voting interest and loss of board representation, the Company determined it no longer had significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Mindjet and therefore discontinued the equity method of accounting during the third quarter of 2015. The remaining investment was held at cost at September 30, 2015. At September 30, 2015 the Company’s total carrying value in Mindjet was $2.2 million, comprised of $1.3 million in preferred stock and a note receivable of $851,000 that is expected to be converted into additional preferred stock during the fourth quarter of 2015.

The Company had previously accounted for the investment in common stock using the equity method of accounting, which resulted in recording a loss of $1.9 million and $3.4 million in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and a loss of $410,000 and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The Company’s share of the losses reported by Mindjet during the third quarter of 2015 were allocated to the carrying value of the common stock investment until it reached zero, and then to the preferred stock and convertible debt.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded a $20.7 million impairment loss on the investment in Mindjet common and preferred shares as the estimated fair value was less than the carrying value due to significantly increased, and continuing operating losses and resulting liquidity issues, actual financial results significantly less than projections, and decreased market conditions that have adversely affected the value of Mindjet. Such loss was recorded in impairment on investments in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss. The fair value of the investment in Mindjet was based on an analysis of the financial and operational aspects of the company, including consideration of business enterprise value-to-revenue ratios for comparable public companies to current revenue metrics for the company. Determination of the business enterprise value based on the foregoing was then considered in an analysis of the distribution of equity value to the various classes of debt and equity issued by Mindjet in order to reflect differences in value due to differing liquidation preferences, dividend and voting rights. The fair value approach relied primarily on Level 3 unobservable inputs, whereby expected future cash flows were determined using revenue multiples that included assumptions regarding an entity’s assumptions about risk and uncertainties. The estimates were based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which by their nature are uncertain and unpredictable.

It is reasonably possible that the Company’s ownership percentage in Mindjet will continue to decline as other shareholders fund the ongoing operations with additional equity capital and upon conversion of notes in the fourth quarter of 2015. The Company does not anticipate investing any additional capital into Mindjet.

The carrying value of the Company’s investment in Mindjet is subject to impairment testing at each reporting period, or more frequently if facts and circumstances indicate the investment may be impaired. It is reasonably possible that circumstances may continue to deteriorate which could require the Company to record additional impairment losses on the remaining investment balances.

During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a $1.1 million impairment loss on the preferred shares as the estimated fair value of such shares was less than the carrying value. The fair value was determined using a 50/50 weighting of the guideline public company method (market approach) and a discounted cash flow method (income approach).

During 2014, the Company was notified by Mindjet that it was asserting a breach in the representations and warranties made by Spigit, Inc. (“Spigit”) in the September 10, 2013 merger agreement. As part of the notification, Mindjet made a claim against the Mindjet shares held by the former Spigit shareholders, including the Company. A partial settlement was reached by the parties in November 2014 and the Company expects final resolution in 2015. The partial settlement was not material to the Company and was paid in shares of Mindjet. The maximum damages to the Company for the remaining claim is estimated between zero and $1.2 million and any settlement would be paid by the Company in shares of Mindjet. The Company is unable to provide a more meaningful estimate due to the ongoing development of information important to resolving the matter. Consequently, the Company has not accrued any liability related to the claim.

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Company's Consolidated Debt

The following table details the Company’s outstanding debt (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
No stated interest, payments through 2017	$	1,935
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017	82,308		$	52,379
5% to 5.5% payments through 2017	5,633		6,918
8% payments through 2018	4,000
Senior Notes: 8.5% payments through 2017	74,670		74,550
10% payments through 2017	1,604		1,604
Total debt	$	170,150	$	135,451

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Real Estate and Tangible Water Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Real Estate [Abstract]

Components of Real Estate and Water Assets

The costs assigned to the various components of real estate and tangible water assets were as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Real estate and improvements held and used, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,558 and $10,899 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively	$	9,914	$	10,574
Residential real estate and home construction inventories	384,748		322,938
Other real estate inventories completed or under development	10,000		10,308
Tangible water assets	42,518		42,530
Total real estate and tangible water assets	$	447,180	$	386,350

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments	$	5,068		$	4,773
Foreign currency translation	(141		)	(56		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	4,717

The unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments is net of a deferred income tax liability of $2.7 million at September 30, 2015 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2014.

The following table reports amounts that were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and included in earnings (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Beginning balance	$	4,963		$	660		$	4,717		$	232
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	83			(202		)	672			841
Unrealized gain reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (1)	(71		)	(565		)	(377		)	(1,178		)
Accumulated foreign currency translation reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax (2)	2						342
Total reclassified and recognized in net loss, net of tax	(69		)	(565		)	(35		)	(1,178		)
Change in accumulated foreign currency translation, net of tax	(50		)	247			(427		)	245
Net change in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(36		)	(520		)	210			(92		)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	4,927		$	140		$	4,927		$	140

⁽¹⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on marketable securities are included in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

⁽²⁾ Amounts reclassified from unrealized gain or loss on foreign exchange are included in other income in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The following table details the Company’s outstanding debt (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
No stated interest, payments through 2017	$	1,935
3% to 4.75% payments through 2017	82,308		$	52,379
5% to 5.5% payments through 2017	5,633		6,918
8% payments through 2018	4,000
Senior Notes: 8.5% payments through 2017	74,670		74,550
10% payments through 2017	1,604		1,604
Total debt	$	170,150	$	135,451

Debt Provisions, Restrictions, and Covenants on Real Estate Debt:

Certain of UCP’s debt agreements contain various significant financial covenants, each of which UCP was in compliance with at September 30, 2015, as follows.

1) Certain of UCP’s real estate debt include provisions that require minimum loan-to-value ratios. During the term of the loan, the lender may require UCP to obtain a third-party written appraisal of the underlying real estate collateral. If the appraised fair value of the collateral securing the loan is below the specified minimum, UCP may be required to make principal payments in order to maintain the required loan-to-value ratios. As of September 30, 2015, the lenders have not requested and UCP has not obtained any such appraisals.

2) The $75 million of senior notes issued in 2014 by UCP limit UCP’s ability to, among other things, incur or guarantee additional unsecured and secured indebtedness (provided that UCP may incur indebtedness so long as UCP’s ratio of indebtedness to its consolidated tangible assets (on a pro forma basis) would be equal to or less than 45% and provided that the aggregate amount of secured debt may not exceed the greater of $75 million or 30% of UCP’s consolidated tangible assets); pay dividends and make certain investments and other restricted payments; acquire unimproved real property in excess of $75 million per fiscal year or in excess of $150 million over the term of the notes, except to the extent funded with subordinated obligations or the proceeds of equity issuances; create or incur certain liens; transfer or sell certain assets; and merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer or sell all or substantially all of UCP’s consolidated assets.

Additionally, the senior notes require UCP to maintain the following significant covenants, each of which UCP was in compliance with at September 30, 2015.

1) Minimum Unlevered Asset Pool: UCP must maintain $50 million of consolidated tangible assets not subject to liens securing indebtedness. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets not subject to liens securing indebtedness was $167.1 million.

2) Minimum Net Worth: UCP must maintain a minimum net worth of $175 million. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s minimum net worth was $236.1 million.

3) Minimum Liquidity: UCP must maintain a minimum of $15 million of unrestricted cash and/or cash equivalents. At September 30, 2015, UCP’s unrestricted cash and/or cash equivalents was $22.6 million.

4) Decrease in Consolidated Tangible Assets: UCP may not permit decreases in the amount of consolidated tangible assets by more than:

a) $25 million in any fiscal year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets increased $42.6 million.

b) $50 million at any time. Since October 21, 2014, UCP’s consolidated tangible assets increased $112.5 million.

Other:

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had approximately $92.1 million of unused loan commitments within the real estate operations. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had approximately $87.3 million of unused loan commitments within the real estate operations.

The Company capitalized $3.1 million and $8.5 million of interest during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $701,000 and $1.6 million of interest during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, related to construction and real estate development costs.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Neither PICO nor its subsidiaries are parties to any potentially material pending legal proceedings.

The Company is subject to various litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against the Company may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such, are not meaningful indicators of the potential liability. The Company regularly reviews contingencies to determine the adequacy of accruals and related disclosures. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates, and it is possible that cash flows or results of operations could be materially affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these contingencies.

Whether any losses finally determined in any claim, action, investigation, or proceeding could reasonably have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows will depend on a number of variables, including: the timing and amount of such losses; the structure and type of any remedies; the significance of the impact any such losses, damages or remedies may have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements; and the unique facts and circumstances of the particular matter that may give rise to additional factors.

Lease Commitments

The Company leases some of its offices under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2020. Rent expense for office space was $511,000 and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and was $441,000 and $1.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

Future minimum payments under all operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Year ended December 31,
2015	$	400
2016	1,547
2017	1,414
2018	1,289
2019	531
Thereafter	159
Total	$	5,340

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Related-Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related-Party Transactions

Related-Party Transactions

Deferred Compensation

At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had $25.5 million and $24.6 million, respectively, recorded as deferred compensation payable to various members of management and certain non-employee members of the board of directors of the Company.

Compensation expense or recovery included in operating and other costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income or loss for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was expense of $90,000 and a recovery of $414,000, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was expense of $1.1 million and expense of $600,000, respectively.

On January 20, 2015, the Company sold equity securities with a cost basis of $2.3 million to certain deferred compensation Rabbi Trust accounts held by the Company, for the benefit of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, John R. Hart, for total proceeds of $5 million, which represented the market value of these securities on the date of sale.

Investment in Synthonics

The Company has an investment in preferred stock and an outstanding line of credit with Synthonics, a company co-founded by Mr. Slepicka, a director of the Company, who is currently the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and acting Chief Financial Officer of Synthonics. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had invested $2.2 million for 18.3% of the voting interest in Synthonics. In addition, the Company extended a $450,000 line of credit to Synthonics during 2014, which bears interest at 15% per annum. The outstanding balance and accrued interest was repaid in April 2015.

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Disclosures About Fair Value - Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Loss on intangible assets		$ (2,282)
Loss on tangible water and other assets		(3,509)
Loss on oil and gas wells	$ (1,816)	(4,428)
Loss on real estate	(274)	(2,865)
Loss on real estate and development costs	(1,875)
Loss on investments in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost	(20,696)	(1,078)
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Intangible water assets		3,638
Tangible water and other assets		0
Oil and gas wells	2,542	1,730
Real estate	3,400	1,357
Real estate and development costs	1,326
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates equity securities held at cost	$ 2,163	$ 15,858

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Available-for-sale Securities

The cost and carrying value of available-for-sale investments were as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2015	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	4,608	$	42	$	(95	)	$	4,555
Marketable equity securities	10,545		7,988		(139		)	18,394
Total available-for-sale investments	$	15,153	$	8,030	$	(234	)	$	22,949

December 31, 2014	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Carrying Value
Debt securities: corporate bonds	$	8,909	$	198	$	(65	)	$	9,042
Marketable equity securities	14,780		7,335		(125		)	21,990
Total available-for-sale investments	$	23,689	$	7,533	$	(190	)	$	31,032

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The amortized cost and carrying value of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturity dates may differ from contractual maturity dates because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Carrying Value		Amortized Cost		Carrying Value
Due in one year or less	$	162	$	161	$	3,786	$	3,958
Due after one year through five years	2,689		2,617		3,310		3,255
Due after five years	1,757		1,777		1,813		1,829
Total	$	4,608	$	4,555	$	8,909	$	9,042

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The Company owned the following investments that are not classified as available-for-sale (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015				December 31, 2014
	Carrying Value		Voting Interest		Carrying Value		Voting Interest
Investment in Synthonics	$	2,170	18.3	%	$	2,170	19.6	%
Investment in Mindjet:
Investment in common stock	$	—	19.3	%	$	6,611	15.0	%
Investment in preferred stock	1,312		—	%	15,858		13.4	%
	$	1,312	19.3	%	$	22,469	28.4	%
Total	$	3,482			$	24,639

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

Segment assets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	185,677	$	186,294
Real estate operations	427,993		384,855
Corporate	48,128		80,741
Discontinued agribusiness operations	14,028		152,554
Total assets	$	675,826	$	804,444

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated

Segment revenues and income (loss) before taxes (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	3,468		$	1,087		$	4,191		$	1,464
Real estate operations	73,777			55,794			172,243			145,212
Corporate	846			2,277			(17,911		)	6,455
Total revenue and other income	$	78,091		$	59,158		$	158,523		$	153,131
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Water resource and water storage operations	$	834		$	(1,131	)	$	(1,907	)	$	(4,965	)
Real estate operations	3,839			(795		)	(1,661		)	(6,251		)
Corporate	(3,574		)	(3,063		)	(31,248		)	(7,224		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated affiliates	$	1,099		$	(4,989	)	$	(34,816	)	$	(18,440	)

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Segment Reporting - Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item
Assets	$ 675,826	$ 804,444
Water resource and water storage operations
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item
Assets	185,677	186,294
Real estate operations
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item
Assets	427,993	384,855
Corporate
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item
Assets	48,128	80,741
Discontinued agribusiness operations
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item
Assets	$ 14,028	$ 152,554

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity - Unaudited - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Treasury Stock	Noncontrolling Interest
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2013		25,821
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2013	$ 564,845	$ 26	$ 546,307	$ (17,083)	$ 232	$ (56,593)	$ 91,956
Beginning balance, treasury stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2013						3,073
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,813		4,273				1,540
Sale of treasury stock (shares)						(10)
Sale of treasury stock	$ 223					$ 223
Exercise of restricted stock units (shares)	15
Withholding taxes paid on vested restricted stock units at UCP, Inc.	$ (1,617)		(800)				(817)
Net loss	(24,436)			(21,345)			(3,091)
Unrealized appreciation on investments, net of deferred income tax and reclassification adjustments	(337)				(337)
Foreign currency translation	245				245
Ending balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2014		25,836
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2014	$ 544,736	$ 26	549,780	(38,428)	140	$ (56,370)	89,588
Ending balance, treasury stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2014						3,063
Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2014	23,083	23,083
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 511,545	$ 23	491,662	(69,508)	4,717	$ (1,413)	86,064
Beginning balance, treasury stock, shares at Dec. 31, 2014	78					78
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,053		2,379				674
Exercise of restricted stock units (shares)	12
Withholding taxes paid on vested restricted stock units at UCP, Inc.	$ (370)		(211)				(159)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest	(16)						(16)
Net loss	(83,060)			(80,687)			(2,373)
Unrealized appreciation on investments, net of deferred income tax and reclassification adjustments	295				295
Foreign currency translation	$ (85)				(85)
Ending balance, shares at Sep. 30, 2015	23,095	23,095
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2015	$ 431,362	$ 23	$ 493,830	$ (150,195)	$ 4,927	$ (1,413)	$ 84,190
Ending balance, treasury stock, shares at Sep. 30, 2015	78					78

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

The Company owns the following intangible assets, which primarily represent indefinite-lived intangible water assets within its water resource and water storage operations segment (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Pipeline rights and water credits at Fish Springs Ranch	$	83,897	$	83,897
Pipeline rights and water rights at Carson-Lyon	24,831		24,804
Other, net of accumulated amortization	18,107		17,911
Total intangible assets	$	126,835	$	126,612

Impairment Losses for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015:

There were no impairment losses recognized on intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Impairment Losses for the Year Ended December 31, 2014:

As a result of the Company’s annual review of indefinite-lived intangible assets, using a discounted cash flow model, it was determined that the estimated fair values of other intangible assets of approximately $3.3 million were below the carrying value of $5.6 million, resulting in an impairment loss of $2.3 million. This was the first such impairment recorded on these assets.

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Discontinued Agribusiness Operations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations, Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures

The following table presents the details of the Company’s results from discontinued agribusiness operations included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income or loss (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenue and other income:
Sales of canola oil and meal	$	9,600		$	41,144		$	82,267		$	124,963
Other	18			1,453			(50		)	2,417
Total revenue and other income	9,618			42,597			82,217			127,380
Cost of goods sold:
Cost of canola oil and meal sold	(8,738		)	(38,319		)	(79,763		)	(103,501		)
Depreciation	(18		)	(2,068		)	(4,360		)	(6,194		)
Other direct costs of production	(1,155		)	(2,828		)	(5,938		)	(8,581		)
Total cost of goods sold	(9,911		)	(43,215		)	(90,061		)	(118,276		)
Depreciation				(37		)	(95		)	(110		)
Impairment loss on intangible and long-lived assets							(1,875		)
Interest	(428		)	(1,312		)	(3,259		)	(3,964		)
Plant costs and overhead	(9,504		)	(3,254		)	(16,447		)	(9,992		)
Segment total expenses	(19,843		)	(47,818		)	(111,737		)	(132,342		)
Loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(10,225		)	(5,221		)	(29,520		)	(4,962		)
Loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax (1)	(1,348		)				(18,251		)
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax	(11,573		)	(5,221		)	(47,771		)	(4,962		)
Net (income) loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to noncontrolling interests	(16		)	641			1,730			594
Net loss from discontinued agribusiness operations attributable to PICO Holdings, Inc.	$	(11,589	)	$	(4,580	)	$	(46,041	)	$	(4,368	)

⁽¹⁾ Included within the loss on sale of discontinued agribusiness operations, net of tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is a $16.9 million impairment loss on classification of assets as held-for-sale, which was recorded during the second quarter of 2015.

The following table presents the details of the Company’s discontinued agribusiness assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,773	$	301
Accounts receivable	10,756		3,311
Inventory			11,663
Real estate, net	1,276		5,889
Property, plant and equipment, net	223		116,793
Goodwill			4,702
Other assets			9,895
Total assets held-for-sale	$	14,028	$	152,554
Liabilities
Debt			$	84,045
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	1,041	8,186
Other liabilities	17		2,357
Total liabilities held-for-sale	$	1,058	$	94,588

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Commitments and Contingencies - Rent Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014	Sep. 30, 2015	Sep. 30, 2014
Leases [Abstract]
Rent	$ 511	$ 441	$ 1,700	$ 1,300

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2015

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company owns the following intangible assets, which primarily represent indefinite-lived intangible water assets within its water resource and water storage operations segment (in thousands):

	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Pipeline rights and water credits at Fish Springs Ranch	$	83,897	$	83,897
Pipeline rights and water rights at Carson-Lyon	24,831		24,804
Other, net of accumulated amortization	18,107		17,911
Total intangible assets	$	126,835	$	126,612