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Fair Value Measurements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
Note 19. Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements:

Investments Held in Grantor Trusts

These assets are valued based on publicly quoted market prices for identical assets.

Derivative Instruments

We use interest rate contracts with major financial institutions to manage our interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined based on assumptions that management believes market participants would use in pricing, using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of our interest rate contracts have been determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counter-party's nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral, thresholds and guarantees. In conjunction with the FASB's fair value measurement guidance, an accounting policy election was made to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by ourselves and our counter-parties. However, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that the derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements fall, are as follows (in thousands):

A reconciliation of the outstanding balance of the subordinate tax increment revenue bonds using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements:

Property and Property Held for Sale Impairments

Property is reviewed for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the property, including any identifiable intangible assets, site costs and capitalized interest, may not be recoverable. In such an event, a comparison is made of the current and projected operating cash flows of each such property into the foreseeable future on an undiscounted basis to the carrying amount of such property. If we conclude that an impairment may have occurred, estimated fair values are determined by management utilizing cash flow models, market capitalization rates and market discount rates, or by obtaining third-party broker valuation estimates, appraisals, bona fide purchase offers or the expected sales price of an executed sales agreement in accordance with our fair value measurements accounting policy. Market capitalization rates and market discount rates are determined by reviewing current sales of similar properties and transactions, and utilizing management's knowledge and expertise in property marketing.

Investments in Real Estate Joint Ventures and Partnerships Impairments

The fair value of our investment in partially owned real estate joint ventures and partnerships is estimated by management based on a number of factors, including the performance of each investment, the life and other terms of the investment, holding periods, market conditions, cash flow models, market capitalization rates and market discount rates, or by obtaining third-party broker valuation estimates, appraisals and bona fide purchase offers in accordance with our fair value measurements accounting policy. Market capitalization rates and market discount rates are determined by reviewing current sales of similar properties and transactions, and utilizing management's knowledge and expertise in property marketing. We recognize an impairment loss if we determine the fair value of an investment is less than its carrying amount and that loss in value is other than temporary.

Subordinate Tax Increment Revenue Bonds Impairment

Investments in tax increment revenue bonds are reviewed for impairment if changes in circumstances or forecasts indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable, and if it is uncertain if the investment will be held to maturity. In such an event, a comparison is made of the projected recoverability of cash flows from the tax increment revenue bonds to the carrying amount of each investment. If we conclude that an impairment may have occurred, fair values are determined by management utilizing third-party sales revenue projections until the maturity of the bonds and discounted cash flow models.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2012, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements fall, are as follows (in thousands):

 

    Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
and Liabilities
(Level 1)
    Significant Other
Observable Inputs

(Level 2)
    Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)
    Fair Value     Total Gains
(Losses) (1)
 

Property held for sale

    $ 39,791        $ 39,791      $ (3,171

Investment in real estate joint ventures and partnerships

      24,231          24,231        (6,608
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $ -      $ 64,022      $ -      $ 64,022      $ (9,779
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property held for sale with a carrying amount of $42.2 million was written down to a fair value of $39.8 million less costs to sell of $.8 million, resulting in a loss of $3.2 million, which was included in discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the period. Management's estimate of the fair value of these properties was determined using bona fide purchase offers for the Level 2 inputs.

Our net investment in real estate joint ventures and partnerships with a carrying amount of $30.8 million was written down to a fair value of $24.2 million, resulting in a loss of $6.6 million, which was included in earnings for the period. Management's estimate of the fair value of this investment was determined using the weighted average of the bona fide purchase offers received for the Level 2 inputs.

 

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2011, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements fall, are as follows (in thousands):

 

    Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
and Liabilities
(Level 1)
    Significant Other
Observable Inputs

(Level 2)
    Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)
    Fair Value     Total Gains
(Losses) (1)
 

Property

    $ 389      $ 98,207      $ 98,596      $ (36,907

Property held for sale

      43,657        1,500        45,157        (13,799

Investment in real estate joint ventures and partnerships

        6,311        6,311        (1,752

Subordinate tax increment revenue bonds

        26,723        26,723        (18,737
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $ -      $ 44,046      $ 132,741      $ 176,787      $ (71,195
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

In accordance with our policy of evaluating and recording impairments on the disposal of long-lived assets, property with a carrying amount of $135.5 million was written down to a fair value of $98.6 million, resulting in a loss of $36.9 million, which was included in earnings for the period. Management's estimate of the fair value of these properties was determined using the expected sales price of an executed agreement for the Level 2 input and using third party broker valuations, bona fide purchase offers, cash flow models and discount rates ranging from 8% to 13% for the Level 3 inputs.

Property held for sale with a carrying amount of $57.0 million was written down to a fair value of $45.2 million less costs to sell of $2.0 million, resulting in a loss of $13.8 million, which was included in discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the period. Management's estimate of the fair value of these properties was determined using the expected sales price of executed agreements for the Level 2 inputs and a cash flow model using a discount rate of 10% for the Level 3 input.

Our net investment in real estate joint ventures and partnerships with a carrying amount of $8.1 million was written down to a fair value of $6.3 million, resulting in a loss of $1.8 million, which was included in earnings for the period. Management's estimate of the fair value of these investments was determined using the life and other terms of the investment, our partner's financial condition, cash flow models and market capitalization rates ranging from 7% to 9% for the Level 3 inputs.

A net credit loss on the exchange of bonds of $18.7 million was recognized upon the recall and replacement of our investment in tax increment revenue bonds by the Agency in April 2011. The exchange transaction resulted in us receiving approximately $16.5 million in cash proceeds and $57.7 million in new subordinated bonds replacing the face value of our $51.3 million of senior bonds and $22.4 million of subordinate bonds, which had been previously written down to a fair value of $10.7 million. The carrying value of the $57.7 million subordinated bonds received in the exchange were written down to their fair value of $26.7 million, of which a loss of $11.7 million was previously recognized in December 2010. The net credit loss resulted as management did not expect to recover the par value of the bonds based upon changes in terms of the bonds and future sales tax revenue projections of the development project through their maturity. Management's estimates of the fair value of these investments were determined using third-party sales revenue projections, future growth rates ranging from 1% to 4% and inflation rates ranging from 1% to 2% for the Level 3 inputs.

 

Fair Value Disclosures:

Unless otherwise described below, short-term financial instruments and receivables are carried at amounts which approximate their fair values based on their highly-liquid nature, short-term maturities and/or expected interest rates for similar instruments.

Notes Receivable from Real Estate Joint Ventures and Partnerships

We estimated the fair value of our notes receivable from real estate joint ventures and partnerships based on quoted market prices for publicly-traded notes and on the discounted estimated future cash receipts. We obtain quoted market prices from a third-party mortgage banking firm or other financial institutions, who we believe through experience and accessibility to the market, has provided measurements within the fair value guidance. The discount rates used approximate current lending rates for a note or groups of notes with similar maturities and credit quality which at March 31, 2012 was 2.74%, assumes the note is outstanding through maturity and considers the note's collateral (if applicable). We have utilized market information as available or present value techniques to estimate the amounts required to be disclosed. Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions, there can be no assurance that the disclosed value of any financial instrument could be realized by immediate settlement of the instrument.

Schedule of the fair value of our notes is as follows (in thousands):

 

     March 31,      December 31,  
      2012      2011  

Carrying value

   $ 92,216       $ 149,204   

Fair value, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

     94,384         153,532   

Tax Increment Revenue Bonds

We estimated the fair value of our held to maturity tax increment revenue bonds, which were issued by the Agency in connection with our investment in a development project in Sheridan, Colorado, based on assumptions that management believes market participants would use in pricing, using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis based on the expected future sales tax revenues of the development project. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the bonds, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, such as market discount rates of 7.5% at March 31, 2012, and unobservable market-based inputs, such as future growth of 1.0% to 4.0% and inflation rates of 1.0% to 2.0% at March 31, 2012. Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions, there can be no assurance that the disclosed value of any financial instrument could be realized by immediate settlement of the instrument.

Schedule of the fair value of our tax increment revenue bonds is as follows (in thousands):

 

     March 31,      December 31,  
      2012      2011  

Carrying value

   $ 26,505       $ 26,505   

Fair value, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

     26,505         26,505   

A reconciliation of the credit loss recognized on our tax increment revenue bonds at March 31, 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Credit Loss Recognized  

Beginning balance, January 1, 2011

   $ 11,717   

Additions

     19,305   
  

 

 

 

Ending balance, December 31, 2011

     31,022   

Additions

     -   
  

 

 

 

Ending balance, March 31, 2012

   $ 31,022   
  

 

 

 

Debt

We estimated the fair value of our debt based on primarily quoted market prices for publicly-traded debt and on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made for other debt. We obtain quoted market prices from a third-party mortgage banking firm or other financial institutions, who we believe through experience and accessibility to the market, has provided measurements within the fair value guidance. For inactively traded debt, our third-party provider establishes a benchmark for all REIT securities based on the largest, most liquid and most frequent investment grade securities in the REIT bond market. This benchmark is then adjusted to consider how a market participant would be compensated for risk premiums such as, longevity of maturity dates, lack of liquidity and credit quality of the issuer. The discount rates used approximate current lending rates for loans or groups of loans with similar maturities and credit quality, 1.4% to 6.4% at March 31, 2012, assumes the debt is outstanding through maturity and considers the debt's collateral (if applicable). We have utilized market information as available or present value techniques to estimate the amounts required to be disclosed. Since such amounts are estimates that are based on limited available market information for similar transactions, there can be no assurance that the disclosed value of any financial instrument could be realized by immediate settlement of the instrument.

Schedule of the fair value of our debt is as follows (in thousands):

 

     March 31,
2012
     December 31,
2011
 

Fixed-rate debt:

     

Carrying value

   $ 1,981,494       $ 2,014,834   

Fair value, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

     2,121,724         2,054,670   

Variable-rate debt:

     

Carrying value

   $ 516,067       $ 517,003   

Fair value, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)

     529,783         531,353