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Accounting Policies (Policy)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. In addition, the Company has joint ventures that are consolidated in accordance with consolidation accounting guidance. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
Accounting for Highly Inflationary Economics
Accounting for Highly Inflationary Economies
The Company had a subsidiary in Venezuela using accounting for highly inflationary economies. Currency restrictions enacted by the Venezuelan government impacted the ability of the Company's subsidiary to obtain US dollars in exchange for Venezuelan bolivars fuertes ("Bolivars") at the official foreign exchange rate. In 2014, the Venezuelan government announced the expansion of its auction-based foreign exchange system (SICAD1). The Venezuelan government also introduced an additional auction-based foreign exchange system (SICAD2) which permitted all companies incorporated or domiciled in Venezuela to bid for US dollars. Effective January 3, 2015, the Company concluded that it was appropriate to apply the SICAD2 exchange rate of 51.0 Bolivars per US dollar as the Company believed that this rate best represented the economics of the business activity in Venezuela at that time. As a result, the Company recorded a $10.4 million pretax devaluation charge in the fourth quarter of 2014.
During the first quarter of 2015, the Venezuelan government announced changes to its exchange rate system that included the launch of a new, market-based system known as the SIMADI. The Company adopted the SIMADI rate after its introduction. The SIMADI exchange rate was approximately 193 Venezuelan Bolivars to the US dollar as of April 4, 2015. The adoption of the SIMADI resulted in a $1.5 million pretax devaluation charge included in Operating Expenses during the first quarter 2015.
In late 2015, the Company decided to cease doing business in Venezuela due to the inability of collecting payments on its receivables from certain customers in Venezuela, the difficulties in obtaining local currency and the increased economic uncertainty in that country. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015, in connection with the decision to cease doing business in Venezuela, the Company wrote off net assets of $12.8 million.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), which require the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company uses estimates in accounting for, among other items, allowance for doubtful accounts; excess and obsolete inventory; share-based compensation; acquisitions; product warranty obligations; pension and post retirement assets and liabilities; derivative fair values; goodwill and other asset impairments; health care reserves; rebates and incentives; litigation claims and contingencies, including environmental matters; and income taxes. The Company accounts for changes to estimates and assumptions when warranted by factually based experience.
Acquisitions
Acquisitions
The Company recognizes assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies and contingent consideration at their fair value on the acquisition date. The operating results of the acquired companies are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred, restructuring costs are recognized as post-acquisition expense and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the measurement period are recorded in Provision for Income Taxes.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company generally recognizes revenue upon transfer of title, which generally occurs upon shipment of the product to the customer. The pricing of products sold is generally supported by customer purchase orders, and accounts receivable collection is reasonably assured at the time of shipment. Estimated discounts and rebates are recorded as a reduction of gross sales in the same period revenue is recognized. Product returns and credits are estimated and recorded at the time of shipment based upon historical experience. Shipping and handling costs are recorded as revenue when billed to the customers. The costs incurred from shipping are recorded in Cost of Sales and handling costs incurred in connection with selling and distribution activities are recorded in Operating Expenses.
The Company has certain operating leases in the oil and gas industry where revenue is recognized over the term of the lease. The lease revenue is not material for all fiscal periods presented. The related net leased assets were not material at December 31, 2016 or January 2, 2016 and were included in Other Noncurrent Assets.
The Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from several original equipment manufacturing customers. Despite this relative concentration, there were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2016, fiscal 2015 or fiscal 2014.
Research And Development
Research and Development
The Company performs research and development activities relating to new product development and the improvement of current products. The Company's research and development expenses consist primarily of costs for: (i) salaries and related personnel expenses; (ii) the design and development of new energy efficient products and enhancements; (iii) quality assurance and testing; and (iv) other related overhead. The Company's research and development efforts tend to be targeted toward developing new products that would allow it to gain additional market share, whether in new or existing segments. While these costs make up an insignificant portion of operating expenses in the Power Transmission Solutions segment, they are more substantial in the Climate Solutions and Commercial and Industrial Systems segments. In particular, a large driver of research and development efforts in the Climate Solutions and Commercial and Industrial Systems segments is energy efficiency.
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. For fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, research and development costs were $29.5 million, $30.1 million and $32.9 million, respectively. Research and development costs are recorded in Operating Expenses.
Cash And Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments which are readily convertible to cash, present insignificant risk of changes in value due to interest rate fluctuations and have original or purchased maturities of three months or less.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents. The Company has material deposits with global financial institutions. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of its financial institutions and monitors the amount of exposure.
Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across many geographic areas. The Company monitors credit risk associated with its trade receivables.
Investments
Investments
Investments include term deposits which have original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year. The fair value of term deposits approximates their carrying value. These investments are included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Trade Receivables
Trade Receivables
Trade receivables are stated at estimated net realizable value. Trade receivables are comprised of balances due from customers, net of estimated allowances. In estimating losses inherent in trade receivables the Company uses historical loss experiences and applies them to a related aging analysis. Determination of the proper level of allowances requires management to exercise significant judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of losses. The allowances for doubtful accounts take into consideration numerous quantitative and qualitative factors, including historical loss experience, collection experience, delinquency trends and economic conditions.
In circumstances where the Company is aware of a specific customer's inability to meet its obligation, a specific reserve is recorded against amounts receivable to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount reasonably expected to be collected. Additions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained through adjustments to the provision for doubtful accounts, which are charged to Operating Expenses in the current period; amounts determined to be uncollectable are charged directly against the allowances, while amounts recovered on previously charged-off accounts benefit current period earnings.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at cost, which is not in excess of market. Cost for approximately 55% of the Company's inventory at December 31, 2016 and 42% at January 2, 2016 was determined using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. If all inventories were valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, they would have increased by $43.7 million and $28.0 million as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively. Material, labor and factory overhead costs are included in the inventories.
The Company reviews inventories for excess and obsolete products or components. Based on an analysis of historical usage and management's evaluation of estimated future demand, market conditions and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts, the Company records an excess and obsolete reserve.
As of the beginning of its fiscal year 2016, the Company changed its inventory valuation method for the US inventory of the recently acquired Power Transmission Solutions (“PTS”) business to the LIFO method from the FIFO method. This change affected approximately 9% of the Company’s inventory. The Company believed this change in accounting principle was preferable under the circumstances because LIFO would better match current costs with current revenues since the cost of raw materials has been volatile in recent years, resulting in greater consistency in inventory costing across the organization since LIFO is the method used for the majority of the Company's other US inventory, and better aligns with how management assesses the performance of the business. Because this change in accounting principle was immaterial in all annual or interim prior periods, it was not applied retrospectively. The change did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Also, as of the beginning of its fiscal year 2016, the Company changed its method of calculating LIFO inventories, which represented approximately 51% of the Company’s inventory. The Company reduced the number of LIFO inventory pools to three to align with the Company’s segments. Previously, the Company had 10 LIFO inventory pools, some of which crossed segments. The Company believed this change in accounting principle was preferable under the circumstances because fewer pools will simplify the LIFO calculations, combine inventory items with similarities within a segment, and better align with how management assesses the performance of the businesses. The Company determined that it had the data needed to apply this change in accounting principle prospectively as of the beginning of its fiscal year 2014, but that full retrospective application is impracticable because the data is not available to determine the cumulative effect of the change. Because the effect of applying the change prospectively as of the beginning of fiscal 2014 is immaterial in any annual or interim period in fiscal years 2014 or 2015, the Company applied this change in accounting principle prospectively from the first day of fiscal year 2016. The change did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of plant and equipment is provided principally on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives (3 to 50 years) of the depreciable assets. Accelerated methods are used for income tax purposes.

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures which extend the useful lives of existing equipment are capitalized and depreciated.

Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset.

Goodwill And Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The Company evaluates the carrying amount of goodwill annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or forecasted operating results, a significant decrease in the market value of an asset or significant negative industry or economic trends. For goodwill, the Company may perform a qualitative test to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Based on prior goodwill impairment testing, the Company determined the performance of the quantitative impairment test was required for certain reporting units in 2016. The Company performs the required annual goodwill impairment test as of the end of the October fiscal month.
The Company uses a weighting of the market approach and the income approach (discounted cash flow method) in testing goodwill for impairment. In the market approach, the Company applies performance multiples from comparable public companies, adjusted for relative risk, profitability, and growth considerations, to the reporting units to estimate fair value. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow method used to estimate fair value include discount rates, revenue and operating income projections and terminal value rates because such assumptions are the most sensitive and susceptible to change as they require significant management judgment. Discount rates are determined by using market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors for each reporting unit. The discount rate utilized for each reporting unit is indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in such a business. Terminal value rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant discount rate and long-term growth rates.
The calculated fair values for the Company's 2016 impairment testing exceeded the carrying values of the reporting units for all of the Company's reporting units. The excess exceeded 10% of the carrying value for all reporting units except PTS. Throughout 2016, the Company's PTS reporting unit, which is a combination of the acquired PTS business from Emerson Electric and the Company's legacy PTS business, was impacted by declines in the oil and gas, distribution, and agricultural end-markets. The PTS reporting unit has goodwill of $570.8 million as of December 31, 2016. The Company's impairment test indicated the reporting unit’s implied fair value exceeded its book value by approximately 2%. Some of the key considerations used in the Company's impairment testing included (i) market pricing of guideline publicly traded companies (ii) cost of capital, including the risk-free interest rate, and (iii) recent historical and projected performance of the subject reporting unit. There is inherent uncertainty included in the assumptions used in goodwill impairment testing. A change to any of the assumptions could lead to a future impairment.
The calculated fair values for the Company's reporting units exceeded the carrying values for a majority of the Company's reporting units in 2015. There were certain reporting units where the calculated fair values were less than the carrying values. The Commercial and Industrial Systems segment includes reporting units that have significant exposure to the volatility in the oil and gas industry. Crude oil prices remained depressed throughout 2015 with pronounced declines in the fourth quarter of 2015 and into 2016. Expected cash flows were also negatively impacted by lower gas and oil prices as lower prices decreased the capital spending of customers these reporting units serve. Weak economic conditions in China have contributed to the reduced expected cash flows for one of the reporting units in this region. An implied goodwill amount was calculated as a required second step in the testing, using the estimated fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the unit had been acquired in a business combination. The resulting implied fair value of goodwill is a Level 3 asset measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (see also Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for fair value definitions). The total goodwill impairment charge related to these reporting units was $79.9 million and was recorded in Goodwill Impairment within the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The calculated fair values for the Company's reporting units exceeded the carrying values for a majority of the Company's reporting units in 2014. There were certain reporting units where the calculated fair values were less than the carrying values. The Commercial and Industrial Systems segment and the Power Transmission Solutions segment include reporting units that have significant exposure to the volatility in the oil and gas industry. Crude oil prices saw a sharp decline in the latter part of 2014. Expected cash flows were also negatively impacted by lower gas and oil prices as lower prices decreased the capital spending of customers these reporting units serve. Weak economic conditions in regions such as Australia and New Zealand as well as currency devaluations in Venezuela have contributed to the reduced expected cash flows for our reporting units in these regions. In the Climate Solutions segment, unfavorable customer dynamics impacted one reporting unit's expected cash flows. An implied goodwill amount was then calculated as a required second step in the testing, using the estimated fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the unit had been acquired in a business combination. The resulting implied fair value of goodwill is a Level 3 asset measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (see also Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for fair value definitions). Additionally, the Company’s reporting unit related to technology that had been deemed substantially impaired during the fourth quarter of 2013 was deemed fully impaired during 2014 as a result of the closing of the facility. This resulted in a $1.0 million impairment charge to goodwill. The total goodwill impairment charge related to these reporting units was $119.5 million and was recorded in Goodwill Impairment within the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight line method.

The Company evaluates amortizing intangibles whenever events or circumstances have occurred that may indicate that carrying values may not be recoverable. If an indicator is present, the Company evaluates carrying values as compared to undiscounted estimated future cash flows. If such estimated future cash flows are less than carrying value, an impairment would be recognized. See also "Long-Lived Assets" in this footnote for the results and additional details of the impairment of certain long-lived assets and related charges in fiscal 2014.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized. The Company evaluates the carrying amount of indefinite-lived intangible assets annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. The Company performs the required annual impairment test as of the end of the October fiscal month.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names associated with the acquired Power Transmission Solutions business. They were evaluated for impairment using a relief from royalty method to determine whether their fair values exceed their respective carrying amounts. The Company determined the fair value of these assets using a royalty relief methodology similar to that employed when the associated assets were acquired, but using updated estimates of future sales, cash flows and profitability. For 2015 and 2016, the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets exceeded their respective carrying value however in 2016, the fair value only exceeded the carrying value by approximately 2%. Some of the key considerations used in our impairment testing included (i) cost of capital, including the risk-free interest rate, (ii) royalty rate and (iii) recent historical and projected performance of the subject reporting unit. There is inherent uncertainty included in the assumptions used in indefinite-lived intangible asset testing. A change to any of the assumptions could lead to a future impairment.

Long-Lived Assets
Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and amortizing intangible assets (collectively, "long-lived assets") whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable through future cash flows. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a significant decrease in the market value of an asset or significant negative or economic trends. For long-lived assets, the Company uses an estimate of the related undiscounted cash flows over the remaining life of the primary asset to estimate recoverability of the asset group. If the asset is not recoverable, the asset is written down to fair value. The Company concluded it did not have any impairments of long-lived assets in 2016.

During 2015, due primarily to the continued decline in crude oil prices that was more pronounced in the fourth quarter of 2015 as well as weak economic conditions in China, an undiscounted cash flow test of long-lived assets for certain asset groups was performed. The undiscounted cash flows of each asset group tested exceeded its respective carrying value. As a result, no impairment was indicated.

During 2014, due primarily to unfavorable customer dynamics and the effects of the sharp decline in the price of oil, the carrying amounts of intangible and other long-lived assets for two reporting units within the Climate Solutions and Power Transmission Solutions segments were deemed to be not fully recoverable. Fair value was determined using the discounted cash flows from the Company's internal cash flow projections and a discount rate indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in the asset which are Level 3 measurements. As a result, intangible and other long-lived asset impairments of $26.2 million were also recognized related to hydraulic fracturing equipment used in the oil and gas end markets. Technology and other long-lived asset impairments were recognized related to products used in hermetic climate applications of $13.8 million. Such impairments were recognized in Asset Impairments.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
Diluted earnings per share is computed based upon earnings applicable to common shares divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period adjusted for the effect of other dilutive securities.
Retirement and Post Retirement Plans
Retirement and Post Retirement Plans
The Company's domestic employees are covered by defined contribution plans and approximately half of the Company's domestic employees are covered by defined benefit pension plans. The majority of the defined benefit pension plans covering the Company's domestic employees have been closed to new employees and frozen for existing employees. Certain employees are covered by a post retirement health care plan. Most of the Company's foreign employees are covered by government sponsored plans in the countries in which they are employed. The Company's obligations under its defined benefit pension and other post retirement plans are determined with the assistance of actuarial firms. The actuaries, under management's direction, make certain assumptions regarding such factors as withdrawal rates and mortality rates. The actuaries also provide information and recommendations from which management makes further assumptions on such factors as the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate on benefit obligations and where applicable, the rate of annual compensation increases and health care cost trend rates.
Based upon the assumptions made, the investments made by the plans, overall conditions and movement in financial markets, life-spans of benefit recipients and other factors, annual expenses and recorded assets or liabilities of these defined benefit plans may change significantly from year to year.
Beginning in 2016, the Company changed the method used to estimate the service and interest cost components of the net periodic pension and other post retirement benefit costs. The new method uses the spot yield curve approach to estimate the service and interest costs by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligations to relevant projected cash outflows. The change will not affect the measurement of the total benefit obligations as the change in service and interest costs is offset in the actuarial gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income. The methodology of selecting a discount rate that matches each plan's cash flows to that of a theoretical bond portfolio yield curve will continue to be used to value the benefit obligation at the end of each year. The Company changed to the new method to provide a more precise measure of interest and service costs by improving the correlation between the projected benefit cash flows and the discrete spot yield curve rates. The Company has accounted for this change as a change in estimate prospectively and it resulted in a $2.9 million reduction in expense for fiscal 2016 as compared to the previous method.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Any fair value changes are recorded in Net Income or Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCI") as determined under accounting guidance that establishes criteria for designation and effectiveness of the hedging relationships.
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to fluctuations in certain raw material commodity pricing, fluctuations in the cost of forecasted foreign currency transactions, and variability in interest rate exposure on floating rate borrowings. The majority of derivative instruments have been designated as cash flow hedges (see also Note 13 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company operates in numerous taxing jurisdictions and is subject to regular examinations by various US federal, state and foreign jurisdictions for various tax periods. The Company's income tax positions are based on research and interpretations of the income tax laws and rulings in each of the jurisdictions in which it does business. Due to the subjectivity of interpretations of laws and rulings in each jurisdiction, the differences and interplay in tax laws between those jurisdictions as well as the inherent uncertainty in estimating the final resolution of complex tax audit matters, estimates of income tax liabilities may differ from actual payments or assessments.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation
For those operations using a functional currency other than the US dollar, assets and liabilities are translated into US dollars at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of Shareholders' Equity. Pursuant to accounting rules guiding highly inflationary currency, the Company did not translate its prior Venezuelan subsidiary's financial statements as its functional currency was the US dollar.
Product Warranty Reserves
Product Warranty Reserves
The Company maintains reserves for product warranty to cover the stated warranty periods for its products. Such reserves are established based on an evaluation of historical warranty experience and specific significant warranty matters when they become known and can reasonably be estimated.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments designated as hedges and pension and post retirement liability adjustments are included in Shareholders' Equity under AOCI.
Legal Claims and Contingent Liabilities
Legal Claims and Contingent Liabilities
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, claims and regulatory matters, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty and will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Management conducts regular reviews, including updates from legal counsel, to assess the need for accounting recognition or disclosure of these contingencies. The Company records expenses and liabilities when the Company believes that an obligation of the Company or a subsidiary on a specific matter is probable and there is a basis to reasonably estimate the value of the obligation, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise in judgment. This methodology is used for legal claims that are filed against the Company or a subsidiary from time to time. The uncertainty that is associated with such matters frequently requires adjustments to the liabilities previously recorded.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The fair values of cash equivalents, term deposits, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate their carrying values due to the short period of time to maturity. The fair value of debt is estimated using discounted cash flows based on rates for instruments with comparable maturities and credit ratings as further described in Note 7 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of pension assets and derivative instruments is determined based on the methods disclosed in Notes 8 and 14 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment, which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, the amount of goodwill impairment will be determined by the amount the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2017, and it will only be applicable to the extent that the Company determines its goodwill is impaired.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which removes the prohibition in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740 against the immediate recognition of the current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Under the ASU, the selling (transferring) entity is required to recognize a current tax expense or benefit upon transfer of the asset. Similarly, the purchasing (receiving) entity is required to recognize a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability, as well as the related deferred tax benefit or expense, upon receipt of the asset. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year for which neither the annual or interim (if applicable) financial statements have been issued. The standard requires application using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The new standard is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments are adopted in the same period. The guidance requires application using a retrospective transition method. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016 the FASB issued Accounting ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The ASU includes multiple provisions intended to simplify various aspects of the accounting for share-based payments. There are challenges for companies with significant share-based payment activities and there are various transition methods. The Company is required to adopt the new requirements in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The core principle of ASU 2016-02 is that an entity should recognize on its balance sheet assets and liabilities arising from a lease. In accordance with that principle, ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on the lease classification as a finance or operating lease. This new accounting guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 under a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company has identified a six step process to successfully implement the new Lease standard - Form a task force to become experts and take the lead on understanding and implementing the new Lease standard; Update lease inventories; Decide on transition method; Review legal agreements and debt covenants; Consider IT needs; Discuss with stakeholders. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and has commenced the first step of identifying a task force to take the lead in implementing the new Lease standard. See also Note 11 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for our lease commitments.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605, revenue recognition. This update requires the Company to recognize revenue at amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services at the time of transfer. ASU No. 2014-09 (and related updates) will become effective for the Company at the beginning of its 2018 fiscal year. The standard allows the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach for the adoption of the standard. The Company has not yet selected which approach to apply. The Company has identified a four step process to successfully implement the new Revenue standard - data gathering, assessment, solution development, and solution implementation. The Company has completed step one, data gathering, and is currently in the process of the assessment phase. The Company is in the process of evaluating and quantifying the materiality of the standard’s impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which clarifies the guidance in Topic 606 on assessing collectibility, presentation of sales taxes, noncash consideration, and completed contracts and contract modifications at transition. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-12 do not change the core principles of the guidance in Topic 606.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance in Topic 606. The amendments in ASU No. 2016-10 do not change the core principles of the guidance in Topic 606.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which amends the principal-versus-agent implementation guidance in ASU No. 2014-09 (Topic 606). ASU No. 2016-08 clarifies the principal-versus-agent guidance in Topic 606 and requires an entity to determine whether the nature of its promise to provide goods or services to a customer is performed in a principal or agent capacity and to recognize revenue in a gross or net manner based on its principal/agent designation.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Disclosures for Investment in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share ("NAV") (or its Equivalent). This ASU removes from the fair value hierarchy investments for which the practical expedient is used to measure fair value at NAV. Instead, an entity is required to include those investments as a reconciling line item so that the total fair value amount of investments in the disclosure is consistent with the amount on the balance sheet. Further, entities must provide the disclosure only for investments for which they elect to use the NAV practical expedient to determine fair value. The ASU should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company adopted this standard in 2016 and this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements but did impact the disclosures in Note 8 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.