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Income Taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
The table below provides a reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the federal statutory income tax rate to the income tax provision:
 
Edison International
 
SCE
 
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
$
196

 
$
211

 
$
218

 
$
310

Provision for income tax at federal statutory rate of 21% 
41

 
44

 
46

 
65

Increase in income tax from:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
State tax, net of federal benefit
(7
)
 
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
1

Property-related
(69
)
 
(69
)
 
(69
)
 
(69
)
Shared-based compensation1
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

Deferred tax re-measurement2
(69
)
 
—

 
(69
)
 
—

Other
(6
)
 
(1
)
 
(6
)
 
(3
)
Total income tax benefit from continuing operations
$
(112
)
 
$
(31
)
 
$
(105
)
 
$
(6
)
Effective tax rate
(57.1
)%
 
(14.7
)%
 
(48.2
)%
 
(1.9
)%

1
Includes state taxes of $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 for both Edison International and SCE.
2
Relates to changes in the allocation of deferred tax re-measurement between customers and shareholders as a result of a CPUC resolution issued in February 2019. The resolution determined that customers are only entitled to excess deferred taxes which were included when setting rates, while other deferred tax re-measurement belongs to the shareholders.
The CPUC requires flow-through ratemaking treatment for the current tax benefit arising from certain property-related and other temporary differences which reverse over time. Flow-through items reduce current authorized revenue requirements in SCE's rate cases and result in a regulatory asset for recovery of deferred income taxes in future periods. The difference between the authorized amounts as determined in SCE's rate cases, adjusted for balancing and memorandum account activities, and the recorded flow-through items also result in increases or decreases in regulatory assets with a corresponding impact on the effective tax rate to the extent that recorded deferred amounts are expected to be recovered in future rates. For further information, see Note 11.
Tax Disputes
Tax years that remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and the California Franchise Tax Board are 2015 – 2017 and 2010 – 2017, respectively. Edison International has settled all open tax positions with the IRS for taxable years prior to 2013. 
In the fourth quarter of 2018, Edison International reached a settlement with the California Franchise Tax Board for tax years 1994 – 2006 and has updated its uncertain tax positions to reflect this settlement. As a result of the settlement, Edison International expects a $65 million refund of tax and interest from the California Franchise Tax Board in 2019. Tax years 2007 – 2009 are currently under protest with the California Franchise Tax Board.