Fair Value Measurements

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (referred to as an "exit price"). Fair value of an asset or liability considers assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about nonperformance risk. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, nonperformance risk was not material for Edison International and SCE.

Assets and liabilities are categorized into a three-level fair value hierarchy based on valuation inputs used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – The fair value of Edison International's and SCE's Level 1 assets and liabilities is determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are available at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities. This level includes exchange-traded equity securities, U.S. treasury securities, mutual funds, and money market funds.

Level 2 – Edison International's and SCE's Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities, primarily consisting of U.S. government and agency bonds, municipal bonds and corporate bonds, and over-the-counter derivatives. The fair value of fixed income securities is determined using a market approach by obtaining quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the instrument.

The fair value of SCE's over-the-counter derivative contracts is determined using an income approach. SCE uses standard pricing models to determine the net present value of estimated future cash flows. Inputs to the pricing models include forward published or posted clearing prices from an exchange (Intercontinental Exchange) for similar instruments and discount rates. A primary price source that best represents trade activity for each market is used to develop observable forward market prices in determining the fair value of these positions. Broker quotes, prices from exchanges, or comparison to executed trades are used to validate and corroborate the primary price source. These price quotations reflect mid-market prices (average of bid and ask) and are obtained from sources believed to provide the most liquid market for the commodity.

Level 3 – The fair value of SCE's Level 3 assets and liabilities is determined using an income approach through various models and techniques that require significant unobservable inputs. This level includes derivative contracts that trade infrequently such as congestion revenue rights ("CRRs"). Edison International Parent and Other does not have any Level 3 assets and liabilities.

Assumptions are made in order to value derivative contracts in which observable inputs are not available. In circumstances where fair value cannot be verified with observable market transactions, it is possible that a different valuation model could produce a materially different estimate of fair value. Modeling methodologies, inputs, and techniques are reviewed and assessed as markets continue to develop and more pricing information becomes available and the fair value is adjusted when it is concluded that a change in inputs or techniques would result in a new valuation that better reflects the fair value of those derivative contracts. See Note 6 for a discussion of derivative instruments.

SCE

The following table sets forth assets and liabilities of SCE that were accounted for at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy:



	March 31, 2019
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Netting and Collateral¹			Total
Assets at fair value
Derivative contracts	$	—	$	17	$	95	$	(1	)	$	111
Money market funds and other	275		21		—		—			296
Nuclear decommissioning trusts:
Stocks²	1,550		—		—		—			1,550
Fixed Income³	889		1,724		—		—			2,613
Short-term investments, primarily cash equivalents	212		35		—		—			247
Subtotal of nuclear decommissioning trusts⁴	2,651		1,759		—		—			4,410
Total assets	2,926		1,797		95		(1		)	4,817
Liabilities at fair value
Derivative contracts	—		2		—		(1		)	1
Total liabilities	—		2		—		(1		)	1
Net assets	$	2,926	$	1,795	$	95	$	—		$	4,816



	December 31, 2018
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Netting and Collateral¹			Total
Assets at fair value
Derivative contracts	$	—	$	32	$	141	$	—		$	173
Other	9		21		—		—			30
Nuclear decommissioning trusts:
Stocks²	1,382		—		—		—			1,382
Fixed Income³	1,001		1,665		—		—			2,666
Short-term investments, primarily cash equivalents	120		95		—		—			215
Subtotal of nuclear decommissioning trusts⁴	2,503		1,760		—		—			4,263
Total assets	2,512		1,813		141		—			4,466
Liabilities at fair value
Derivative contracts	—		13		—		(7		)	6
Total liabilities	—		13		—		(7		)	6
Net assets	$	2,512	$	1,800	$	141	$	7		$	4,460


¹	Represents the netting of assets and liabilities under master netting agreements and cash collateral.


²	Approximately 71% of SCE's equity investments were in companies located in the United States at both March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


³	Includes corporate bonds, which were diversified and included collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset backed securities of $57 million and $67 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


⁴	Excludes net payables of $119 million and $143 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which consist of interest and dividend receivables as well as receivables and payables related to SCE's pending securities sales and purchases.

Edison International Parent and Other

Edison International Parent and Other assets measured at fair value consisted of money market funds of $19 million and $115 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, classified as Level 1.

SCE Fair Value of Level 3

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in SCE's fair value of Level 3 net derivative assets and liabilities:



	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Fair value of net assets at beginning of period	$	141		$	101
Total realized/unrealized losses¹	(46		)	(20		)
Fair value of net assets at end of period²	$	95		$	81
Change during the period in unrealized gains and losses related to assets and liabilities held at the end of the period	$	(2	)	$	5


¹	Due to regulatory mechanisms, SCE's realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities.


²	There were no material transfers into or out of Level 3 during 2019 and 2018.

The following table sets forth SCE's valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to determine fair value for significant Level 3 assets and liabilities:



	Fair Value (in millions)					Significant	Range
	Assets		Liabilities		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	(Weighted Average)
Congestion revenue rights
March 31, 2019	$	95	$	—	Auction prices	CAISO CRR auction prices	$(7.02) - $41.52 ($1.43)
December 31, 2018	141		—		Auction prices	CAISO CRR auction prices	$(7.41) - $41.52 ($1.62)

Level 3 Fair Value Uncertainty

For CRRs, increases or decreases in CAISO auction price would result in higher or lower fair value as of March 31, 2019, respectively.

Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts

SCE's nuclear decommissioning trust investments include equity securities, U.S. treasury securities, and other fixed income securities. Equity and treasury securities are classified as Level 1 as fair value is determined by observable market prices in active or highly liquid and transparent markets. The remaining fixed income securities are classified as Level 2. The fair value of these financial instruments is based on evaluated prices that reflect significant observable market information such as reported trades, actual trade information of similar securities, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, bids, offers, and relevant credit information. There are no securities classified as Level 3 in the nuclear decommissioning trusts.

Fair Value of Debt Recorded at Carrying Value

The carrying value and fair value of Edison International's and SCE's long-term debt (including current portion of long-term debt) are as follows:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(in millions)	Carrying Value¹		Fair Value²		Carrying Value¹		Fair Value²
Edison International	$	15,762	$	16,068	$	14,711	$	14,844
SCE	14,021		14,412		12,971		13,180


¹	Carrying value is net of debt issuance costs.

²The fair value of Edison International's and SCE's short-term and long-term debt is classified as Level 2.