10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2023
or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-12154

Waste Management, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	73-1309529
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

800 Capitol Street

Suite 3000

Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of principal executive offices)

(713) 512-6200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	WM	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐  No  ☑

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the registrant outstanding as of April 24, 2023 was 406,816,705 (excluding treasury shares of 223,465,756).

PART I.

Item 1.    Financial Statements.

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Millions, Except Share and Par Value Amounts)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257	$	351
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $26 and $26, respectively		2,418		2,461
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5 and $7, respectively		190		291
Parts and supplies		170		164
Other assets		336		284
Total current assets		3,371		3,551
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and depletion of $22,027 and $21,627, respectively		15,705		15,719
Goodwill		9,344		9,323
Other intangible assets, net		823		827
Restricted funds		476		348
Investments in unconsolidated entities		569		578
Other assets		1,002		1,021
Total assets	$	31,290	$	31,367
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,510	$	1,766
Accrued liabilities		1,426		1,625
Deferred revenues		584		589
Current portion of long-term debt		336		414
Total current liabilities		3,856		4,394
Long-term debt, less current portion		15,034		14,570
Deferred income taxes		1,784		1,733
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities		2,729		2,700
Other liabilities		1,079		1,106
Total liabilities		24,482		24,503
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Equity:
Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 630,282,461 shares issued		6		6
Additional paid-in capital		5,244		5,314
Retained earnings		13,414		13,167
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(57)		(69)
Treasury stock at cost 223,491,127 and 222,396,166 shares, respectively		(11,813)		(11,569)
Total Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity		6,794		6,849
Noncontrolling interests		14		15
Total equity		6,808		6,864
Total liabilities and equity	$	31,290	$	31,367

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Millions, Except per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating revenues	$	4,892	$	4,661
Costs and expenses:
Operating		3,086		2,903
Selling, general and administrative		476		491
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		505		482
Restructuring		3		—
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net		(3)		17
		4,067		3,893
Income from operations		825		768
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net		(120)		(85)
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities		(11)		(15)
Other, net		2		3
		(129)		(97)
Income before income taxes		696		671
Income tax expense		164		157
Consolidated net income		532		514
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1)		1
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$	533	$	513
Basic earnings per common share	$	1.31	$	1.24
Diluted earnings per common share	$	1.30	$	1.23

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In Millions)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Consolidated net income	$	532	$	514
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Derivative instruments, net		5		1
Available-for-sale securities, net		5		(13)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		2		10
Post-retirement benefit obligations, net		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		12		(2)
Comprehensive income		544		512
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1)		1
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$	545	$	511

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Millions)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income	$	532	$	514
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		505		482
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		42		(11)
Interest accretion on landfill and environmental remediation liabilities		32		28
Provision for bad debts		9		10
Equity-based compensation expense		26		25
Net gain on disposal of assets		(10)		(4)
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and other, net		(3)		17
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities, net of dividends		11		15
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables		138		93
Other current assets		(51)		(20)
Other assets		22		19
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(145)		101
Deferred revenues and other liabilities		(64)		(11)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,044		1,258
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired		(34)		(9)
Capital expenditures		(660)		(418)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, net of cash divested		11		5
Other, net		(95)		(150)
Net cash used in investing activities		(778)		(572)
Cash flows from financing activities:
New borrowings		6,885		2,362
Debt repayments		(6,548)		(2,471)
Common stock repurchase program		(350)		(250)
Cash dividends		(289)		(275)
Exercise of common stock options		12		9
Tax payments associated with equity-based compensation transactions		(28)		(34)
Other, net		(1)		24
Net cash used in financing activities		(319)		(635)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		—		1
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		(53)		52
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		445		194
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	392	$	246
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257	$	155
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in other current assets		62		20
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in restricted funds		73		71
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	392	$	246

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In Millions, Except Shares in Thousands)

(Unaudited)

			Waste Management, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
										Accumulated
						Additional				Other
			Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock			Noncontrolling
	Total		Shares	Amounts		Capital		Earnings		(Loss) Income		Shares	Amounts		Interests
2023
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	6,864	630,282	$	6	$	5,314	$	13,167	$	(69)	(222,396)	$	(11,569)	$	15
Consolidated net income		532	—		—		—		533		—	—		—		(1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		12	—		—		—		—		12	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.70 per common share		(289)	—		—		—		(289)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		42	—		—		—		3		—	766		39		—
Common stock repurchase program		(353)	—		—		(70)		—		—	(1,862)		(283)		—
Other, net		—	—		—		—		—		—	1		—		—
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	6,808	630,282	$	6	$	5,244	$	13,414	$	(57)	(223,491)	$	(11,813)	$	14
2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	7,126	630,282	$	6	$	5,169	$	12,004	$	17	(214,159)	$	(10,072)	$	2
Consolidated net income		514	—		—		—		513		—	—		—		1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(2)	—		—		—		—		(2)	—		—		—
Cash dividends declared of $0.65 per common share		(275)	—		—		—		(275)		—	—		—		—
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		34	—		—		(11)		5		—	862		40		—
Common stock repurchase program		(250)	—		—		20		—		—	(1,806)		(270)		—
Other, net		(1)	—		—		—		—		—	1		—		(1)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	7,146	630,282	$	6	$	5,178	$	12,247	$	15	(215,102)	$	(10,302)	$	2

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1.    Basis of Presentation

The financial statements presented in this report represent the consolidation of Waste Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation; its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries; and certain variable interest entities for which Waste Management, Inc. or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries as described in Note 12. Waste Management, Inc. is a holding company and all operations are conducted by its subsidiaries. When the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this document, those terms refer to Waste Management, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities. When we use the term “WMI,” we are referring only to Waste Management, Inc., the parent holding company.

We are North America’s leading provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, providing services throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. We partner with our customers and the communities we serve to manage and reduce waste at each stage from collection to disposal, while recovering valuable resources and creating clean, renewable energy. Our “Solid Waste” business is operated and managed locally by our subsidiaries that focus on distinct geographic areas and provide collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services. Through our subsidiaries and our Waste Management Renewable Energy (“WM Renewable Energy”) business, we are also a leading developer, operator and owner of landfill gas-to-energy facilities in the U.S. and Canada that produce renewable electricity and renewable natural gas, which is a significant source of fuel for our natural gas fleet.

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal. The East and West Tiers are presented in this report and constitute our existing Solid Waste business. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, which are presented in this report as “Other.” Additional information related to our segments is included in Note 7.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for the periods presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments, intangible asset impairments and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

6

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered. For example, revenue typically is recognized as waste is collected, tons are received at our landfills or transfer stations, or recycling commodities are collected or delivered as product. We bill for certain services prior to performance. Such services include, among others, certain commercial and residential contracts, and equipment rentals. These advanced billings are included in deferred revenues and recognized as revenue in the period service is provided. Substantially all our deferred revenues during the reported periods are realized as revenues within one to three months, when the related services are performed.

Contract Acquisition Costs

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales incentives, are generally deferred and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship, ranging from five to 13 years. Contract acquisition costs that are paid to the customer are deferred and amortized as a reduction in revenue over the contract life. Our contract acquisition costs are classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize amortization and are included in other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $192 million of deferred contract costs, of which $139 million and $137 million, respectively, were related to deferred sales incentives.

Leases

Amounts for our operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded in long-term other assets and the current and long-term portion of our operating lease liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts for our financing leases are recorded in property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and depletion, and current or long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments held within restricted funds, and accounts receivable. We make efforts to control our exposure to credit risk associated with these instruments by (i) placing our assets and other financial interests with a diverse group of credit-worthy financial institutions; (ii) holding high-quality financial instruments while limiting investments in any one instrument and (iii) maintaining strict policies over credit extension that include credit evaluations, credit limits and monitoring procedures, although generally we do not have collateral requirements for credit extensions. We also control our exposure associated with trade receivables by discontinuing service, to the extent allowable, to non-paying customers. However, our overall credit risk associated with trade receivables is limited due to the large number and diversity of customers we serve.

Reclassifications

When necessary, reclassifications have been made to our prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation and are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

7

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

2.    Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Liabilities for landfill and environmental remediation costs are presented in the table below (in millions):

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
			Environmental						Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total
Current (in accrued liabilities)	$	136	$	32	$	168	$	137	$	31	$	168
Long-term		2,561		168		2,729		2,527		173		2,700
	$	2,697	$	200	$	2,897	$	2,664	$	204	$	2,868

The changes to landfill and environmental remediation liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are reflected in the table below (in millions):

			Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation
December 31, 2022	$	2,664	$	204
Obligations incurred and capitalized		20		—
Obligations settled		(22)		(6)
Interest accretion		30		2
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions		5		—
Acquisitions, divestitures and other adjustments		—		—
March 31, 2023	$	2,697	$	200

At several of our landfills, we provide financial assurance by depositing cash into restricted trust funds for purposes of settling final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation obligations. Generally, these trust funds are established to comply with statutory requirements and operating agreements. See Note 12 for additional information related to these trusts.

8

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

3.    Debt

The following table summarizes the major components of debt at principal amounts as of each balance sheet date (in millions) and provides the maturities and interest rate ranges of each major category as of March 31, 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Commercial paper program (weighted average interest rate of 5.2% as of March 31, 2023 and 4.9% as of December 31, 2022)	$	863	$	1,730
Senior notes, maturing through 2050, interest rates ranging from 0.75% to 7.75% (weighted average interest rate of 3.4% as of March 31, 2023 and 3.2% as of December 31, 2022)		9,876		8,626
Term Loan maturing May 2024, (interest rate of 5.6% as of March 31, 2023 and 5.1% as of December 31, 2022)		1,000		1,000
Canadian senior notes, C$500 million maturing September 2026, interest rate of 2.6%		370		369
Tax-exempt bonds, maturing through 2048, fixed and variable interest rates ranging from 0.4% to 4.4% (weighted average interest rate of 2.8% as of March 31, 2023 and 2.7% as of December 31, 2022)		2,648		2,648
Financing leases and other, maturing through 2071 (weighted average interest rate of 4.7% as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022) (a)		704		699
Debt issuance costs, discounts and other		(91)		(88)
		15,370		14,984
Current portion of long-term debt		336		414
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	15,034	$	14,570

(a) Excluding our landfill financing leases, the maturities of our financing leases and other debt obligations extend through 2059.

Debt Classification

As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $2.3 billion of debt maturing within the next 12 months, including (i) $861 million of short-term borrowings under our commercial paper program (net of related discount on issuance); (ii) $725 million of tax-exempt bonds with term interest rate periods that expire within the next 12 months, which is prior to their scheduled maturities; (iii) $500 million of 2.4% senior notes that mature in May 2023 and (iv) $186 million of other debt with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months, including $65 million of tax-exempt bonds. As of March 31, 2023, we have classified $1.9 billion of debt maturing in the next 12 months as long-term because we have the intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis as supported by the forecasted available capacity under our $3.5 billion long-term U.S. and Canadian revolving credit facility (“$3.5 billion revolving credit facility”), as discussed below. The remaining $336 million of debt maturing in the next 12 months is classified as current obligations.

Access to and Utilization of Credit Facilities, Commercial Paper Program and Term Loan

$3.5 Billion Revolving Credit Facility — Our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility, maturing May 2027, provides us with credit capacity to be used for cash borrowings, to support letters of credit and to support our commercial paper program. The interest rates we pay on outstanding U.S. or Canadian loans are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”), respectively, plus a spread depending on WMI’s senior public debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Global Ratings. As of March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under this facility. We had $165 million of letters of credit issued and $861 million of outstanding borrowings (net of related discount on issuance) under our commercial paper program, both supported by the facility, leaving unused and available credit capacity of

9

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

$2.5 billion as of March 31, 2023. WM Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of WMI, guarantees all of the obligations under the $3.5 billion revolving credit facility.

Commercial Paper Program — We have a commercial paper program that enables us to borrow funds for up to 397 days at competitive interest rates. The rates we pay for outstanding borrowings are based on the term of the notes. The commercial paper program is fully supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2023, we had $861 million of outstanding borrowings (net of related discount on issuance) under our commercial paper program.

$1.0 Billion, Two-Year, Term Credit Agreement — In May 2022, we entered into a $1.0 billion, two-year, U.S. term credit agreement (“Term Loan”) maturing May 2024 to be used for general corporate purposes. The interest rate we pay on our outstanding balance is generally based on SOFR, plus a spread depending on WMI’s senior public debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Global Ratings. As of March 31, 2023, we had $1.0 billion of outstanding borrowings under our Term Loan. WM Holdings also guarantees all of the obligations under the Term Loan.

Other Letter of Credit Lines — As of March 31, 2023, we had utilized $796 million of other uncommitted letter of credit lines, with terms maturing through December 2026.

Debt Borrowings and Repayments

Commercial Paper Program — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made cash repayments of $6.5 billion, which were partially offset by $5.6 billion of cash borrowings (net of related discount on issuance).

Senior Notes — In February 2023, WMI issued $750 million and $500 million of 4.625% senior notes due February 2030 and February 2033, respectively, the net proceeds of which were $1.24 billion. We used the net proceeds to repay $867 million of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program and utilized the remaining $373 million, combined with our net cash provided by operating activities of $1.04 billion, for general corporate purposes including for example, payment of dividends, common stock repurchases and investments in the business through capital expenditures and acquisitions.

Financing Leases and Other — The increase in our financing leases and other debt obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is due to an increase of $33 million primarily related to non-cash financing leases, partially offset by $28 million of cash repayments of debt at maturity.

4.    Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 23.6% and 23.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We evaluate our effective income tax rate at each interim period and adjust it as facts and circumstances warrant.

Equity-Based Compensation — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, we recognized a reduction in our income tax expense of $7 million and $10 million, respectively, for excess tax benefits related to the vesting or exercise of equity-based compensation awards.

Adjustments to Accruals and Related Deferred Taxes — There were no adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recognized an increase in our income tax expense of $3 million for adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes.

Investments Qualifying for Federal Tax Credits — We have significant financial interests in entities established to invest in and manage low-income housing properties. We support the operations of these entities in exchange for a pro-rata

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

share of the tax credits they generate. The low-income housing investments qualify for federal tax credits that we expect to realize through 2033 under Section 42 or Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code.

We account for our investments in these entities using the equity method of accounting, recognizing our share of each entity’s results of operations and other reductions in the value of our investments in equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities, within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $13 million and $14 million of net losses, respectively, and a reduction in our income tax expense of $22 million and $23 million, respectively, primarily due to federal tax credits realized from these investments as well as the tax benefits from the pre-tax losses realized. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized interest expense of $4 million and $3 million, respectively, associated with our investments in low-income housing properties. See Note 12 for additional information related to these unconsolidated variable interest entities.

5.    Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31 were computed using the following common share data (shares in millions):

	2023	2022
Number of common shares outstanding at end of period	406.8	415.2
Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding	0.6	0.5
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	407.4	415.7
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards and other contingently issuable shares	1.6	2.1
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	409.0	417.8
Potentially issuable shares	5.6	5.9
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	1.8	1.8

Refer to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

6.    Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments — We have obtained letters of credit, surety bonds and insurance policies and have established trust funds and issued financial guarantees to support tax-exempt bonds, contracts, performance of landfill final capping, closure and post-closure requirements, environmental remediation and other obligations. Letters of credit generally are supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility and other credit lines established for that purpose. These facilities are discussed further in Note 3. Surety bonds and insurance policies are supported by (i) a diverse group of third-party surety and insurance companies; (ii) an entity in which we have a noncontrolling financial interest or (iii) a wholly-owned insurance captive, the sole business of which is to issue surety bonds and/or insurance policies on our behalf.

Management does not expect that any claims against or draws on these instruments would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We have not experienced any unmanageable difficulty in obtaining the required financial assurance instruments for our current operations. In an ongoing effort to mitigate risks of future cost increases and reductions in available capacity, we continue to evaluate various options to access cost-effective sources of financial assurance.

Insurance — We carry insurance coverage for protection of our assets and operations from certain risks including general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation, real and personal property, directors’ and officers’ liability, pollution legal liability, cyber incident liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per incident deductible under the related insurance policy and any

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amounts that exceed our insured limits. Our exposure could increase if our insurers are unable to meet their commitments on a timely basis.

We have retained a significant portion of the risks related to our health and welfare, general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs. “General liability” refers to the self-insured portion of specific third-party claims made against us that may be covered under our commercial general liability insurance policy. For our self-insured portions, the exposure for unpaid claims and associated expenses, including incurred but not reported losses, is based on an actuarial valuation or internal estimates. The accruals for these liabilities could be revised if future occurrences or loss development significantly differ from such valuations and estimates. We use a wholly-owned insurance captive to insure the deductibles for our general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs.

We do not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Guarantees — In the ordinary course of our business, WMI and WM Holdings enter into guarantee agreements associated with their subsidiaries’ operations. Additionally, WMI and WM Holdings have each guaranteed all of the senior debt of the other entity. No additional liabilities have been recorded for these intercompany guarantees because all of the underlying obligations are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of March 31, 2023, we have guaranteed the obligations and certain performance requirements of third parties in connection with both consolidated and unconsolidated entities, including guarantees to cover the difference, if any, between the sale value and the guaranteed market or contractually-determined value of certain homeowner’s properties that are adjacent to or near 17 of our landfills. We have also agreed to indemnify certain third-party purchasers against liabilities associated with divested operations prior to such sale. We do not believe that the remaining contingent obligations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental Matters — A significant portion of our operating costs and capital expenditures could be characterized as costs of environmental protection. The nature of our operations, particularly with respect to the construction, operation and maintenance of our landfills, subjects us to an array of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Under current laws and regulations, we may have liabilities for environmental damage caused by our operations, or for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired a site. In addition to remediation activity required by state or local authorities, such liabilities include potentially responsible party (“PRP”) investigations. The costs associated with these liabilities can include settlements, certain legal and consultant fees, as well as incremental internal and external costs directly associated with site investigation and clean-up.

Estimating our degree of responsibility for remediation is inherently difficult. We recognize and accrue for an estimated remediation liability when we determine that such liability is both probable and reasonably estimable. Determining the method and ultimate cost of remediation requires that a number of assumptions be made. There can sometimes be a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with the likely site remediation alternatives identified in the environmental impact investigation. In these cases, we use the amount within the range that is our best estimate. If no amount within a range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. If we used the high ends of such ranges, our aggregate potential liability would be approximately $130 million higher than the $200 million recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023. Our ultimate responsibility may differ materially from current estimates. It is possible that technological, regulatory or enforcement developments, the results of environmental studies, the inability to identify other PRPs, the inability of other PRPs to contribute to the settlements of such liabilities, or other factors could require us to record additional liabilities. Our ongoing review of our remediation liabilities, in light of relevant internal and external facts and circumstances, could result in revisions to our accruals that could cause upward or downward adjustments to our balance sheet and income from operations. These adjustments could be material in any given period.

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As of March 31, 2023, we have been notified by the government that we are a PRP in connection with 73 locations listed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA’s”) Superfund National Priorities List (“NPL”). Of the 73 sites at which claims have been made against us, 14 are sites we own. Each of the NPL sites we own was initially developed by others as a landfill disposal facility. At each of these facilities, we are working in conjunction with the government to characterize or remediate identified site problems, and we have either agreed with other legally liable parties on an arrangement for sharing the costs of remediation or are working toward a cost-sharing agreement. We generally expect to receive any amounts due from other participating parties at or near the time that we make the remedial expenditures. The other 59 NPL sites, which we do not own, are at various procedural stages under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, known as CERCLA or Superfund.

The majority of proceedings involving NPL sites that we do not own are based on allegations that certain of our subsidiaries (or their predecessors) transported hazardous substances to the sites, often prior to our acquisition of these subsidiaries. CERCLA generally provides for liability for those parties owning, operating, transporting to or disposing at the sites. Proceedings arising under Superfund typically involve numerous waste generators and other waste transportation and disposal companies and seek to allocate or recover costs associated with site investigation and remediation, which costs could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. At some of the sites at which we have been identified as a PRP, our liability is well defined as a consequence of a governmental decision and an agreement among liable parties as to the share each will pay for implementing that remedy. At other sites, where no remedy has been selected or the liable parties have been unable to agree on an appropriate allocation, our future costs are uncertain.

On October 11, 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision (“ROD”) with respect to the previously proposed remediation plan for the San Jacinto River Waste Pits Site in Harris County, Texas. McGinnes Industrial Maintenance Corporation (“MIMC”), a subsidiary of Waste Management of Texas, Inc., operated some of the waste pits from 1965 to 1966 and has been named as a site PRP. In 1998, WMI acquired the stock of the parent entity of MIMC. MIMC has been working with the EPA and other named PRPs as the process of addressing the site proceeds. On April 9, 2018, MIMC and International Paper Company entered into an Administrative Order on Consent agreement with the EPA to develop a remedial design for the EPA’s proposed remedy for the site, and we recorded a liability for MIMC’s estimated potential share of the EPA’s proposed remedy and related costs, although allocation of responsibility among the PRPs for the proposed remedy has not been established. MIMC and International Paper Company have continued to work on a remedial design to support the EPA’s proposed remedy; however, design investigations indicate that fundamental changes are required to the proposed remedy and MIMC maintains its prior position that the remedy set forth in the ROD is not the best solution to protect the environment and public health. Due to further increases in the estimated cost of the remedy set forth in the ROD, we recorded an additional liability of $17 million as of March 31, 2022 for MIMC’s estimated potential share of such costs. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the recorded liability for MIMC’s estimated potential share of the EPA’s proposed remedy was $69 million and $68 million, respectively. MIMC’s ultimate liability could be materially different from current estimates and MIMC will continue to engage the EPA regarding its proposed remedy.

Item 103 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K requires disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings, or such proceedings are known to be contemplated, unless we reasonably believe that the matter will result in no monetary sanctions, or in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, below a stated threshold. In accordance with this SEC regulation, the Company uses a threshold of $1 million for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such environmental proceedings is required. As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any matters that are required to be disclosed pursuant to this standard.

From time to time, we are also named as defendants in personal injury and property damage lawsuits, including purported class actions, on the basis of having owned, operated or transported waste to a disposal facility that is alleged to have contaminated the environment or, in certain cases, on the basis of having conducted environmental remediation activities at sites. Some of the lawsuits may seek to have us pay the costs of monitoring of allegedly affected sites and health care examinations of allegedly affected persons for a substantial period of time even where no actual damage is

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proven. While we believe we have meritorious defenses to these lawsuits, the ultimate resolution is often substantially uncertain due to the difficulty of determining the cause, extent and impact of alleged contamination (which may have occurred over a long period of time), the potential for successive groups of complainants to emerge, the diversity of the individual plaintiffs’ circumstances, and the potential contribution or indemnification obligations of co-defendants or other third parties, among other factors. Additionally, we often enter into agreements with landowners imposing obligations on us to meet certain regulatory or contractual conditions upon site closure or upon termination of the agreements. Compliance with these agreements inherently involves subjective determinations and may result in disputes, including litigation.

Litigation — We are subject to various proceedings, lawsuits, disputes and claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Many of these actions raise complex factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties. Actions that have been filed against us, and that may be filed against us in the future, include personal injury, property damage, commercial, customer, and employment-related claims, including purported state and national class action lawsuits related to: alleged environmental contamination, including releases of hazardous material and odors; sales and marketing practices, customer service agreements and prices and fees; and federal and state wage and hour and other laws. The plaintiffs in some actions seek unspecified damages or injunctive relief, or both. These actions are in various procedural stages, and some are covered, in part, by insurance. We currently do not believe that the eventual outcome of any such actions will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2022, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in a complaint alleging violation of the federal securities laws and seeking certification as a class action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. A lead plaintiff has been appointed and an amended complaint was filed in January 2023. The amended complaint seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of secondary market purchasers of our senior notes with a special mandatory redemption feature issued in May 2019, asserting claims under the Securities Exchange Act based on alleged misrepresentations and omissions concerning the time for completion of our acquisition of Advanced Disposal. We will vigorously defend against this pending suit. We believe any potential recovery by the plaintiffs, in excess of applicable deductibles, will be covered by insurance, and we do not believe that the eventual outcome of this suit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

WMI’s charter and bylaws provide that WMI shall indemnify against all liabilities and expenses, and upon request shall advance expenses to any person, who is subject to a pending or threatened proceeding because such person is or was a director or officer of the Company. Such indemnification is required to the maximum extent permitted under Delaware law. Accordingly, the director or officer must execute an undertaking to reimburse the Company for any fees advanced if it is later determined that the director or officer was not permitted to have such fees advanced under Delaware law. Additionally, the Company has direct contractual obligations to provide indemnification to each of the members of WMI’s Board of Directors and each of WMI’s executive officers. The Company may incur substantial expenses in connection with the fulfillment of its advancement of costs and indemnification obligations in connection with actions or proceedings that may be brought against its former or current officers, directors and employees.

Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans — About 20% of our workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements with various local unions across the U.S. and Canada. As a result of some of these agreements, certain of our subsidiaries are participating employers in a number of trustee-managed multiemployer defined benefit pension plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) for the covered employees. In connection with our ongoing renegotiation of various collective bargaining agreements, we may discuss and negotiate for the complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these Multiemployer Pension Plans. A complete or partial withdrawal from a Multiemployer Pension Plan may also occur if employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement vote to decertify a union from continuing to represent them. Any other circumstance resulting in a decline in Company contributions to a Multiemployer Pension Plan through a reduction in the labor force, whether through attrition over time or through a business event (such as the discontinuation or nonrenewal of a customer contract, the decertification of a union, or relocation, reduction or discontinuance of certain operations) may also trigger a complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these pension plans.

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We do not believe that any future liability relating to our past or current participation in, or withdrawals from, the Multiemployer Pension Plans to which we contribute will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or liquidity. However, liability for future withdrawals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows for a particular reporting period, depending on the number of employees withdrawn and the financial condition of the Multiemployer Pension Plan(s) at the time of such withdrawal(s).

Tax Matters — We participate in the IRS’s Compliance Assurance Process, which means we work with the IRS throughout the year towards resolving any material issues prior to the filing of our annual tax return. Any unresolved issues as of the tax return filing date are subject to routine examination procedures. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company received a notice of tax due for the 2017 tax year related to a remaining disagreement with the IRS. In response to the notice, the Company made a deposit of approximately $103 million with the IRS. The Company expects to seek a refund of the entire amount deposited with the IRS and litigate any denial of the claim for refund. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the IRS deposit, net of reserve for uncertain tax positions, is classified as a component of other long-term assets in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In addition, we are in the examination phase of IRS audits for the 2022 and 2023 tax years and expect the audits to be completed within the next 24 months. We are also currently undergoing audits by various state and local jurisdictions for tax years that date back to 2014. We maintain a liability for uncertain tax positions, the balance of which management believes is adequate. Results of audit assessments by taxing authorities are not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

7.    Segment and Related Information

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal. The East and West Tiers are presented in this report and constitute our existing Solid Waste business.

The operating segments not evaluated and overseen through our East and West Tiers are presented herein as “Other” as these operating segments do not meet the criteria to be aggregated with other operating segments and do not meet the quantitative criteria to be separately reported.

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Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31 is shown in the following table (in millions):

	Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income
	Operating		Operating		Operating		from
	Revenues		Revenues(d)		Revenues		Operations
2023
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,642	$	(534)	$	2,108	$	550
West Tier		2,537		(554)		1,983		572
Solid Waste (a)		5,179		(1,088)		4,091		1,122
Other (b)		855		(54)		801		(4)
		6,034		(1,142)		4,892		1,118
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(293)
Total	$	6,034	$	(1,142)	$	4,892	$	825
2022
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,383	$	(445)	$	1,938	$	531
West Tier		2,406		(490)		1,916		549
Solid Waste (a)		4,789		(935)		3,854		1,080
Other (b)		857		(50)		807		1
		5,646		(985)		4,661		1,081
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(313)
Total	$	5,646	$	(985)	$	4,661	$	768

(a) Income from operations provided by our Solid Waste business is generally indicative of the margins provided by our collection, landfill, transfer and recycling lines of business. From time to time, the operating results of our reportable segments are significantly affected by certain transactions or events that management believes are not indicative or representative of our results.

Income from operations in our Solid Waste business increased primarily due to (i) revenue growth in our collection and disposal business driven by both yield and volume and (ii) fuel tax credits recognized in the current year which were nominal in the prior year period as the majority of our fuel tax credits were not recognized until August 2022 due to the timing of the Inflationary Reduction Act of 2022. These increases were partially offset by (i) inflationary cost pressures; (ii) labor cost increases from frontline employee wage adjustments and annual merit increases and (iii) reduced profitability in our recycling business from the decline in recycling commodity prices and lower volumes.

(b) “Other” includes (i) elements of our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) business that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (ii) elements of our sustainability business that includes landfill gas-to-energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business, our Sustainability and Environmental Solutions business and recycling brokerage services and not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and (iv) the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

The decrease in income from operations was due to (i) reduced profitability in our WM Renewable Energy business due to lower market values for renewable fuel standard credits and lower energy prices and (ii) the decline in recycling brokerage commodity prices affecting profitability in our recycling business.

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(c) “Corporate and Other” operating results reflect certain costs incurred for various support services that are not allocated to our reportable segments. These support services include, among other things, treasury, legal, digital, tax, insurance, centralized service center processes, other administrative functions and the maintenance of our closed landfills. Income from operations for “Corporate and Other” also includes costs associated with our long-term incentive program.

The increase in income from operations was primarily driven by (i) lower annual incentive compensation and (ii) a charge during the first quarter of 2022 to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site. These were partially offset by an increase in health and welfare costs driven by higher inflation and utilization of employee medical benefits.

(d) Intercompany operating revenues reflect each segment’s total intercompany sales, including intercompany sales within a segment and between segments. Transactions within and between segments are generally made on a basis intended to reflect the market value of the service.

The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business for the three months ended March 31 are as follows (in millions):

	2023		2022
Commercial	$	1,412	$	1,287
Industrial		933		836
Residential		854		805
Other collection		172		153
Total collection		3,371		3,081
Landfill		1,152		1,051
Transfer		540		486
Recycling		358		453
Other (a)		613		575
Intercompany (b)		(1,142)		(985)
Total	$	4,892	$	4,661

(a) The “Other” line of business includes (i) certain services provided by our WMSBS business; (ii) certain services within our sustainability business including our landfill gas to energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business and (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Revenue attributable to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling services provided by our “Other” businesses has been reflected as a component of the relevant line of business for purposes of presentation in this table.

(b) Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

Fluctuations in our operating results may be caused by many factors, including period-to-period changes in the relative contribution of revenue by each line of business, changes in commodity prices and general economic conditions. Our revenues and income from operations typically reflect seasonal patterns. Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.

Service or operational disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate events can significantly affect the operating results of the geographic areas affected. Extreme weather events may also lead to

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supply chain disruption and delayed project development, or disruption of our customers’ businesses, reducing the amount of waste generated by their operations.

On the other hand, certain destructive weather and climate conditions, such as wildfires in the Western U.S. and hurricanes that most often impact our operations in the Southern and Eastern U.S. during the second half of the year, can increase our revenues in the geographic areas affected as a result of the waste volumes generated by these events. While weather-related and other event-driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, due to significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue can generate earnings at comparatively lower margins.

8.  (Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net for the first quarter of 2023 were nominal. During the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a $17 million charge pertaining to reserves for loss contingencies in our Corporate and Other segment to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site, as discussed in Note 6.

9.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, which is included as a component of Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity, are as follows (in millions, with amounts in parentheses representing decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income):

					Foreign		Post-
			Available-		Currency		Retirement
	Derivative		for-Sale		Translation		Benefit
	Instruments		Securities		Adjustments		Obligations		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	3	$	19	$	(94)	$	3	$	(69)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2, $1, $0 and $0, respectively		5		5		2		—		12
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $0, $0 and $0, respectively		—		—		—		—		—
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		5		5		2		—		12
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	8	$	24	$	(92)	$	3	$	(57)

10.  Common Stock Repurchase Program

The Company repurchases shares of its common stock as part of capital allocation programs authorized by our Board of Directors.

In February 2023, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement to repurchase $350 million of our common stock. At the beginning of the repurchase period, we delivered $350 million cash and received 1.9 million shares based on a stock price of $150.34, exclusive of the 1% excise tax discussed below. The final number of shares to be repurchased and the final average price per share under the ASR agreement, exclusive of the 1% excise tax, will depend on the volume-weighted average price of our stock, less a discount, during the term of the agreement. Purchases under the ASR agreement are expected to be completed in April 2023.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased

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and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in accrued liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has authorization for $1.15 billion of future share repurchases. Any future share repurchases pursuant to this authorization of our Board of Directors will be made at the discretion of management and will depend on factors similar to those considered by the Board of Directors in making dividend declarations, including our net earnings, financial condition and cash required for future business plans, growth and acquisitions.

11.  Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value

Our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following (in millions):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1):
Cash equivalents and money market funds	$	186	$	240
Equity securities		39		37
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2):
Available-for-sale securities (a)		451		360
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Redeemable preferred stock (b)		56		56
Total Assets	$	732	$	693

(a) Our available-for-sale securities primarily relate to debt securities with maturities over the next ten years.

(b) Our investment, which is classified as an available-for-sale debt security, has been measured based on third-party investors’ recent or pending transactions in these securities, which are considered the best evidence of fair value. When this evidence is not available, we use other valuation techniques as appropriate and available. These valuation methodologies may include transactions in similar instruments, discounted cash flow techniques, third-party appraisals or industry multiples and public company comparable transactions.

Fair Value of Debt

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of our debt was $15.4 billion and $15.0 billion. The estimated fair value of our debt was approximately $14.4 billion and $13.8 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in the fair value of debt is primarily due to net borrowings of $337 million in 2023 and, to a lesser extent, changes in the current market rates of our senior notes.

Although we have determined the estimated fair value amounts using available market information and commonly accepted valuation methodologies, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, our estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. The fair value estimates are based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy available as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These amounts have not been revalued since those dates, and current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts presented.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

12.  Variable Interest Entities

The following is a description of our financial interests in unconsolidated and consolidated variable interest entities that we consider significant:

Low-Income Housing Properties

We do not consolidate our investments in entities established to manage low-income housing properties because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as we do not have the power to individually direct the activities of these entities. Accordingly, we account for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Our aggregate investment balance in these entities was $309 million and $321 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The debt balance related to our investments in low-income housing properties was $278 million and $295 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Additional information related to these investments is discussed in Note 4.

Trust Funds for Final Capping, Closure, Post-Closure or Environmental Remediation Obligations

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds that are established for both the benefit of the Company and the host community in which we operate are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as (i) we do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the trusts or (ii) power over the trusts’ significant activities is shared. Our interests in these trusts are accounted for as investments in unconsolidated entities and receivables. These amounts are recorded in other receivables, investments in unconsolidated entities and long-term other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate. We also reflect our share of the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts as a component of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Our investments and receivables related to these trusts had an aggregate carrying value of $95 million and $93 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds for which we are the sole beneficiary are consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary. These trust funds are recorded in restricted funds in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These trusts had a fair value of $118 million and $113 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

20

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included under Item 1 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements that are made subject to the safe harbor protections provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words, “will,” “may,” “should,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “forecast,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend,” and words of a similar nature and include estimates or projections of financial and other data; comments on expectations relating to future periods; plans or objectives for the future; and statements of opinion, view or belief about current and future events, circumstances or performance. You should view these statements with caution. They are based on the facts and circumstances known to us as of the date the statements are made. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to be materially different from those set forth in such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to failure to implement our optimization, automation, growth, and cost savings initiatives and overall business strategy; failure to obtain the results anticipated from strategic initiatives, investments, acquisitions or new lines of business; failure to identify acquisition targets, consummate and integrate acquisitions; environmental and other regulations, including developments related to emerging contaminants, gas emissions, renewable energy and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) performance and disclosure; significant environmental, safety or other incidents resulting in liabilities or brand damage; failure to obtain and maintain necessary permits due to land scarcity, public opposition or otherwise; diminishing landfill capacity, resulting in increased costs and the need for disposal alternatives; failure to attract, hire and retain key team members and a high quality workforce; increases in labor costs due to union organizing activities or changes in wage and labor related regulations; disruption and costs resulting from extreme weather and destructive climate events; failure to achieve our sustainability goals or execute on our sustainability-related strategy and initiatives; public health risk, increased costs and disruption due to a future resurgence of pandemic conditions and restrictions; macroeconomic conditions, geopolitical conflict and market disruption resulting in labor, supply chain and transportation constraints, inflationary cost pressures and fluctuations in commodity prices, fuel and other energy costs; increased competition; pricing actions; impacts from international trade restrictions; competitive disposal alternatives, diversion of waste from landfills and declining waste volumes; weakness in general economic conditions and capital markets, including potential for an economic recession; instability of financial institutions; adoption of new tax legislation; fuel shortages; failure to develop and protect new technology; failure of technology to perform as expected; failure to prevent, detect and address cybersecurity incidents or comply with privacy regulations; negative outcomes of litigation or governmental proceedings; and decisions or developments that result in impairment charges and other risks discussed in our filings with the SEC, including Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as updated by Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, including financial estimates and forecasts, whether as a result of future events, circumstances or developments or otherwise.

Overview

We are North America’s leading provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, providing services throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. We partner with our customers and the communities we serve to manage and reduce waste at each stage from collection to disposal, while recovering valuable resources and creating clean, renewable energy. We own or operate the largest network of landfills throughout the U.S. and Canada. In order to make disposal more practical for larger urban markets, where the distance to landfills is typically farther, we manage transfer stations that consolidate, compact and transport waste efficiently and economically. Through our subsidiaries, including our Waste Management Renewable Energy (“WM Renewable Energy”) business, we are also a leading developer, operator and owner of landfill gas-to-energy facilities in the U.S. and Canada that produce renewable electricity and renewable natural gas, which is a significant source of fuel for our natural gas fleet. Additionally, we are a leading recycler in the U.S. and Canada, handling materials that include paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metal. Our “Solid Waste” business is operated

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and managed locally by our subsidiaries that focus on distinct geographic areas and provide collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services.

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal.  

Our Solid Waste operating revenues are primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services, and from sales of commodities by our recycling and landfill gas-to-energy operations. Revenues from our collection operations are influenced by factors such as collection frequency, type of collection equipment furnished, type and volume or weight of the waste collected, distance to the disposal facility or material recovery facility and our disposal costs. Revenues from our landfill operations consist of tipping fees, which are generally based on the type and weight or volume of waste being disposed of at our disposal facilities. Fees charged at transfer stations are generally based on the weight or volume of waste deposited, considering our cost of loading, transporting, and disposing of the solid waste at a disposal site. Recycling revenues generally consist of tipping fees and the sale of recycling commodities to third parties. The fees we charge for our services generally include our environmental, fuel surcharge and regulatory recovery fees which are intended to pass through to customers direct and indirect costs incurred. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, described under Results of Operations below.

Strategy

Our fundamental strategy has not changed; we remain dedicated to providing long-term value to our stockholders by successfully executing our core strategy of focused differentiation and continuous improvement. We have enabled a people-first, technology-led focus to drive our mission to maximize resource value, while minimizing environmental impact, and sustainability and environmental stewardship is embedded in all that we do. Our strategy leverages and sustains the strongest asset network in the industry to drive best-in-class customer experience and growth. Our strategic planning processes appropriately consider that the future of our business and the industry can be influenced by changes in economic conditions, the competitive landscape, the regulatory environment, asset and resource availability and technology. We believe that focused differentiation, which is driven by capitalizing on our unique and extensive network of assets, will deliver profitable growth and position us to leverage competitive advantages. Simultaneously, we believe that investing in automation to improve processes and drive operational efficiency combined with a focus on the cost to serve our customer will yield an attractive profit margin and enhanced service quality. We are furthering our strategy of focused differentiation and continuous improvement beyond our traditional waste operations through our sustainability growth strategy that includes significant planned investments in our WM Renewable Energy and recycling businesses, while increasing automation and reducing labor dependency. We are also evaluating and pursuing emerging diversion technologies that may generate additional value.

Business Environment

The waste industry is a comparatively mature and stable industry. However, customers increasingly expect more of their waste materials to be recovered and those waste streams are becoming more complex. In addition, many state and local governments mandate diversion, recycling and waste reduction at the source and prohibit the disposal of certain types of waste at landfills. We monitor these developments to adapt our service offerings. As companies, individuals and communities look for ways to be more sustainable, we promote our comprehensive services that go beyond our core business of collecting and disposing of waste in order to meet their needs. This includes expanding traditional recycling services, increasing organics collection, and processing, and expanding our renewable energy projects to meet the evolving needs of our diverse customer base. As North America’s leading provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, we are taking big, bold steps to catalyze positive change – change that will impact our Company as well as the communities we serve. Consistent with our Company’s long-standing commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship, we published our 2022 Sustainability Report providing details on our ESG performance and outlining new 2030 ESG goals.

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The Sustainability Report conveys the strong linkage between the Company’s ESG goals and our growth strategy, inclusive of the planned expansion of the Company’s recycling and WM Renewable Energy businesses. The information in this report can be found at https://sustainability.wm.com but it does not constitute a part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

We encounter intense competition from governmental, quasi-governmental and private service providers based on pricing, and to a much lesser extent, the nature of service offerings, particularly in the residential line of business. Our industry is directly affected by changes in general economic factors, including increases and decreases in consumer spending, business expansions and construction activity. These factors generally correlate to volumes of waste generated and impact our revenue. Negative economic conditions and other macroeconomic trends can and have caused customers to reduce their service needs. Such negative economic conditions, in addition to competitor actions, can impact our strategy to negotiate, renew, or expand service contracts and grow our business. We also encounter competition for acquisitions and growth opportunities. General economic factors and the market for consumer goods, in addition to regulatory developments, can also significantly impact commodity prices for the recyclable materials we sell. Significant components of our operating expenses vary directly as we experience changes in revenue due to volume and a heightened pace of inflation. Volume changes can fluctuate significantly by line of business and volume changes in higher margin businesses can impact key financial metrics. We must dynamically manage our cost structure in response to volume changes and cost inflation.

We believe the Company’s industry-leading asset network and strategic focus on investing in our people and our digital platform will give the Company the necessary tools to address the evolving challenges impacting the Company and our industry. In line with our commitment to continuous improvement and a differentiated customer experience, we remain focused on our automation and optimization investments to enhance our operational efficiency and change the way we interact with our customers. Enhancements made through these initiatives are intended to seamlessly and digitally connect all the Company’s functions required to service our customers in order to provide the best experience and service. In late 2021, we began to execute on the next phase of this technology enablement strategy to automate and optimize certain elements of our service delivery model. Our next and ongoing phase is to prioritize reduced labor dependency on certain high-turnover jobs, particularly in customer experience, recycling and residential collection, while further elevating our customer self-service through digitalization and implementing technologies to enhance the safety, reliability and efficiency of our collection operations. Additionally, in 2022, we implemented a new general ledger accounting system, complementary finance enterprise resource planning system and a human capital management system, which will drive operational and service excellence by empowering our people through a modern, simplified and connected employee experience.

Macroeconomic pressures, including inflation and rising interest rates, and market disruption, resulting in labor, supply chain and transportation constraints, are continuing. Significant global supply chain disruption and the heightened pace of inflation have reduced availability and increased costs for the goods and services we purchase, with a particular impact on our repair and maintenance costs, as well as subcontractor costs. Supply chain constraints have also caused delayed delivery of fleet, steel containers and other purchases. Aspects of our business rely on third-party transportation providers, and such services have become more limited and expensive.

With the significant decline in commodity prices that started in the second half of 2022 and have continued into 2023, we are currently experiencing margin pressures from our commodity-driven businesses, specifically within our recycling and WM Renewable Energy businesses. While there may be short-term fluctuations in our commodity-driven businesses as prices change, we continue to focus on adjusting our business models to protect against the down-side risk by spreading the inherent risk of changes in commodity prices across the vertically integrated value chain. The extent and duration of the impact of labor, supply chain, transportation and commodity price challenges are subject to numerous external factors beyond our control, including broader macroeconomic conditions; recessionary fears and/or an economic recession; size, location, and qualifications of the labor pool; wage and price structures; adoption of new or revised regulations; future resurgence of pandemic conditions and restrictions; geopolitical conflicts and responses and supply and demand for commodities. As we experience inflationary cost pressures, we focus on our pricing efforts, as well as operating efficiencies and cost controls to maintain our earnings and cash flow and facilitate growth. With these macroeconomic pressures, we remain committed to putting our people first to ensure that they are well positioned to execute our daily

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operations diligently and safely. We remain focused on delivering outstanding customer service, managing our variable costs with changing volumes and investing in technology that will enhance our customers’ experience and provide operating efficiencies intended to reduce our cost to serve.

Current Quarter Financial Results

During the first quarter of 2023, we continued to focus on our priorities to advance our strategy—enhancing employee engagement, improving our operations through the use of technology and automation, and investing in growth through our recycling and WM Renewable Energy businesses. This strategic focus, combined with strong operational execution resulted in increased revenue, income from operations and income from operations margin. We were able to achieve these results despite high inflationary cost pressures. We remain diligent in offering a competitively profitable service that meets the needs of our customers, and we are focused on driving operating efficiencies and reducing discretionary spend. We continue to invest in our people through market wage adjustments, investments in our digital platform and training for our team members. We also continue to make investments in automation and optimization to enhance our operational efficiency and improve labor productivity for all lines of business. During the first quarter of 2023, we allocated $660 million of available cash to capital expenditures and $639 million to our shareholders through dividends and common stock repurchases.

Key elements of our financial results for the first quarter include:

● Revenues of $4,892 million, compared with $4,661 million in the prior year period, an increase of $231 million, or 5.0%. The increase is primarily attributable to (i) higher yield in our collection and disposal business; (ii) volume growth; (iii) increases from our fuel surcharge program and (iv) acquisitions, net of divestitures. These increases were partially offset by commodity price declines in our recycling and WM Renewable Energy businesses;

● Operating expenses of $3,086 million, or 63.1% of revenues, compared with $2,903 million, or 62.3% of revenues, in the prior year period. The $183 million increase is primarily attributable to (i) inflationary cost pressures, particularly for maintenance and repairs and subcontractor costs and (ii) labor cost pressure from frontline employee market wage adjustments and annual merit increases. These increases were offset, in part, by commodity-driven business impacts from lower recycling rebates reflected in costs of goods sold;

● Selling, general and administrative expenses were $476 million, or 9.7% of revenues, compared with $491 million, or 10.5% of revenues, in the prior year period. The $15 million decrease is primarily attributable to reduced professional fees in connection with investments in our digital platform, as certain strategic digital projects have now been implemented. This decrease was offset, in part, by an increase in labor-related costs due to annual merit increases for our employees;

● Income from operations was $825 million, or 16.9% of revenues, compared with $768 million, or 16.5% of revenues, in the prior year period. The improved earnings in the current quarter are driven by deliberate steps to grow revenue and to reduce selling, general and administrative expense, which offset increases in operating expenses and depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses;

● Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc. was $533 million, or $1.30 per diluted share, compared with $513 million, or $1.23 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The increase in income from operations discussed above, was partially offset by increases in interest expense and income tax expense;

● Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,044 million compared with $1,258 million in the prior year period, with the decrease driven by (i) unfavorable changes in working capital, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures; (ii) higher incentive compensation payments and (iii) higher interest payments. This decrease was partially offset by (i) increased earnings attributable to our collection and disposal business and (ii) lower income taxes in the current period due to timing of payments; and

● Free cash flow was $395 million compared with $845 million in the prior year period. The decrease in free cash flow is primarily attributable to (i) an increase in capital spending, primarily driven by our intentional investment in sustainability growth projects as well as timing differences in our fixed asset purchases to support our ongoing

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operations and (ii) a decrease in net cash provided by operating activities as discussed above. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure of liquidity. Refer to Free Cash Flow below for our definition of free cash flow, additional information about our use of this measure, and a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, which is the most comparable GAAP measure.

Results of Operations

Operating Revenues

Our Solid Waste operating revenues are primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services, and from sales of commodities by our recycling and landfill gas-to-energy operations. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, including both our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) and Sustainability and Environmental Solutions (“SES”) businesses, which include landfill gas-to-energy services, environmental solutions services and recycling brokerage services. We also offer certain other expanded service offerings and solutions. The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business for the three months ended March 31 are as follows (in millions):

	2023		2022
Commercial	$	1,412	$	1,287
Industrial		933		836
Residential		854		805
Other collection		172		153
Total collection		3,371		3,081
Landfill		1,152		1,051
Transfer		540		486
Recycling		358		453
Other (a)		613		575
Intercompany (b)		(1,142)		(985)
Total	$	4,892	$	4,661

(a) The “Other” line of business includes (i) certain services provided by our WMSBS business; (ii) certain services within our sustainability business including our landfill gas-to-energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business and (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Revenue attributable to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling services provided by our “Other” businesses has been reflected as a component of the relevant line of business for purposes of presentation in this table.

(b) Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

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The following table provides details associated with the period-to-period change in revenues and average yield (dollars in millions):

		Period-to-Period Change for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 vs. 2022
			As a % of				As a % of
			Related				Total
	Amount		Business(a)		Amount		Company(b)
Collection and disposal	$	244	6.2	%
Recycling and WM Renewable Energy (c)(d)		(141)	(28.0)
Fuel surcharges and mandated fees (d)		44	21.1
Total average yield (e)					$	147	3.1	%
Volume						55	1.2
Internal revenue growth						202	4.3
Acquisitions						43	0.9
Divestitures						(2)	—
Foreign currency translation						(12)	(0.2)
Total					$	231	5.0	%

(a) Calculated by dividing the increase or decrease for the current year period by the prior year period’s related business revenue adjusted to exclude the impacts of divestitures for the current year period.

(b) Calculated by dividing the increase or decrease for the current year period by the prior year period’s total Company revenue adjusted to exclude the impacts of divestitures for the current year period.

(c) Includes combined impact of commodity price variability in both our recycling and WM Renewable Energy businesses, as well as changes in fees in our recycling business.

(d) Beginning in 2023, Recycling and WM Renewable Energy includes changes in our revenue attributable to our WM Renewable Energy business. Previously these changes in revenue were included in fuel surcharges and mandated fees. We have revised our prior year results to conform with the current year presentation.

(e) The amounts reported herein represent the changes in our revenue attributable to average yield for the total Company.

The following provides further details about our period-to-period change in revenues:

Average Yield

Collection and Disposal Average Yield — This measure reflects the effect on our revenue from the pricing activities of our collection, transfer and landfill operations, exclusive of volume changes. Revenue growth from collection and disposal average yield includes not only base rate changes and environmental and service fee fluctuations, but also (i) certain average price changes related to the overall mix of services, which are due to the types of services provided; (ii) changes in average price from new and lost business and (iii) price decreases to retain customers.

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The details of our revenue growth from collection and disposal average yield are as follows (dollars in millions):

	Period-to-Period Change for the
	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023 vs. 2022
			As a % of
			Related
	Amount		Business
Commercial	$	85	7.2	%
Industrial		77	10.0
Residential		43	5.6
Total collection		205	7.2
Landfill		17	2.7
Transfer		22	8.9
Total collection and disposal	$	244	6.2	%

Our overall pricing efforts are focused on recovering the cost to service our customers that we experience in our business by increasing our average unit rate. We experienced strong average yield growth in our collection line of business of 7.2% for the first quarter of 2023. We are driving improved profitability in our residential line of business to better align the price charged for services we provide to our customers with the costs to provide the services, resulting in increased average yield of 5.6% for the first quarter of 2023. We are also continuing to see growth in our disposal business with our municipal solid waste business experiencing average yield of 5.4% for the first quarter of 2023.

Recycling and WM Renewable Energy — The downturn in the market prices for recycling commodities in the second half of 2022 continued into the first quarter of 2023. Decreases in the market prices for recycling commodities resulted in a revenue decline of $122 million for the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period. During the first quarter of 2023, average market prices for single-stream recycled commodities were about 60% lower compared to the prior year period, resulting from the slowdown in the global economy which reduced retail demand and the corresponding need for cardboard packaging to ship retail goods. Additionally, revenue declined $19 million in our WM Renewable Energy business, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by decreases in the value of renewable fuel standard credits and lower energy prices.

Fuel Surcharges and Mandated Fees — These fees, which include our fuel surcharge program and other mandated fees, increased $44 million for the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period. Fuel surcharge revenues are based on and fluctuate in response to changes in the national average prices for diesel fuel, and also vary with changes in our volume-based revenue activity. The mandated fees are primarily related to fees and taxes assessed by various state, county and municipal government agencies at our landfills and transfer stations. These amounts have not significantly impacted the change in revenue for the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period.

Volume

Our revenues from volume (excluding volumes from acquisitions and divestitures) increased $55 million, or 1.2%, for the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period. Our collection and disposal business volumes grew 1.1% in the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period, driven by an increase in disposal volumes which was partially offset by a modest decrease in collection volumes.

Volume growth during the first quarter of 2023 was primarily driven by volumes at our landfills as our construction and demolition landfill volumes were favorably impacted by the continued clean-up efforts in our East Tier from Hurricane Ian which occurred in late 2022. Special waste volumes at our landfills continue to be strong primarily due to higher contributions from event-driven projects. In addition, our WMSBS business volumes grew as a result of our continued focus on a differentiated service model for national accounts customers. However, these increases have been partially offset by our intentional efforts to reduce unprofitable residential collection volumes.

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Operating Expenses

The following table summarizes the major components of our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):

	2023				2022
Labor and related benefits	$	914	18.7	%	$	814	17.5	%
Transfer and disposal costs		307	6.3			282	6.0
Maintenance and repairs		491	10.0			422	9.1
Subcontractor costs		509	10.4			457	9.8
Cost of goods sold		185	3.8			263	5.6
Fuel		139	2.8			134	2.9
Disposal and franchise fees and taxes		170	3.5			167	3.6
Landfill operating costs		117	2.4			96	2.1
Risk management		73	1.5			95	2.0
Other		181	3.7			173	3.7
	$	3,086	63.1	%	$	2,903	62.3	%

Our operating expenses for the first quarter of 2023 increased, as compared with the first quarter of 2022, primarily due to (i) inflationary cost pressures, particularly for maintenance and repairs and subcontractor costs and (ii) labor cost pressure from frontline employee market wage adjustments as well as merit increases. These increases were offset, in part, by commodity-driven business impacts from lower recycling rebates reflected in costs of goods sold. We also continue to focus on operating efficiency and efforts to control costs.

Significant items affecting the comparison of operating expenses for the reported periods include:

Labor and Related Benefits — The increase in labor and related benefits costs was largely driven by (i) proactive market wage adjustments to hire and retain talent; (ii) merit increases; (iii) increased headcount attributable primarily to acquisitions and (iv) increases in health and welfare costs attributable to our intentional investment in delivering a leading benefits program for our employees and increases in medical care activity.

Transfer and Disposal Costs — The increase in transfer and disposal costs was primarily due to inflationary cost increases, which includes increased disposal fees at third-party sites and higher rates from our third-party haulers offset, in part, by decreases in residential and commercial collection volumes.

Maintenance and Repairs — The increase in maintenance and repairs costs was largely driven by (i) inflationary cost increases for parts, supplies and third-party services; (ii) additional fleet maintenance driven by delayed deliveries of new trucks due to supply chain constraints and (iii) labor cost increases for our technicians, including additional headcount, market wage adjustments, merit increases and higher overtime.

Subcontractor Costs — The increase in subcontractor costs was primarily due to (i) inflationary cost increases, particularly labor and fuel costs from third-party haulers and (ii) an increase in volumes in our WMSBS business and SES offerings, which rely more extensively on subcontracted hauling and services than our collection and disposal business.

Cost of Goods Sold — The decrease in cost of goods sold was primarily driven by an approximately 60% decrease in recycling commodity prices compared to the prior year period.

Fuel — The slight increase in fuel costs was primarily due to an increase of approximately 3% in market prices for diesel fuel offset, in part, by lower diesel consumption as we expand our compressed natural gas fleet and federal natural gas fuel tax credits. The federal natural gas fuel tax credits were not retroactively extended until the third quarter of 2022 and thus no benefit was recognized during the first quarter of 2022.

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Disposal and Franchise Fees and Taxes — The increase in disposal and franchise fees and taxes was primarily driven by higher franchise fees, due to an increase in landfill volumes, paid to certain municipalities where we operate and overall rate increases in our fees and taxes paid on our disposal volumes.

Landfill Operating Costs — The increase in landfill operating costs was primarily due to higher costs across our landfills for leachate collection and treatment, site maintenance and landfill accretion. Additionally, there was a change in the measurement of our environmental remediation obligations and recovery assets during the first quarter of 2022. Our measurement of these balances includes application of a risk-free discount rate, which is based on the rate for U.S. Treasury bonds. In the first quarter of 2022, there was an increase in the discount rate, which resulted in a reduction in the net liability balance and a credit to expense.

Risk Management — Risk management costs decreased during the first quarter of 2023 primarily due to an increase in claims costs during the first quarter of 2022 driven by unfavorable cost development on a limited population of severe cases.

Other — Other operating cost increases were primarily due to (i) inflationary cost pressures; (ii) higher equipment rental costs attributable, in part, to supply chain constraints slowing normal course fleet and equipment orders; (iii) an increase in business travel and (iv) higher utility costs at our facilities. These increases were offset, in part, by a favorable litigation settlement and net gains on sales of certain assets in the current quarter.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table summarizes the major components of our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):

	2023				2022
Labor and related benefits	$	312	6.4	%	$	305	6.5	%
Professional fees		50	1.0			66	1.4
Provision for bad debts		9	0.2			10	0.2
Other		105	2.1			110	2.4
	$	476	9.7	%	$	491	10.5	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses have decreased primarily due to reduced professional fees in connection with investments in our digital platform, as certain strategic digital projects have now been implemented. Partially offsetting these reductions are increased labor costs primarily due to merit increases and increased payroll taxes and benefits expense. The decrease in our costs, along with the increase in revenue resulted in a significant reduction in our selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues when compared with the prior year period.

Significant items affecting the comparison of our selling, general and administrative expenses for the reported periods include:

Labor and Related Benefits — The increase in labor and related benefits costs was primarily related to (i) annual merit increases for our employees and (ii) market adjustments for deferred compensation plans related to investment performance. These increases were partially offset by lower contract labor expenses.

Professional Fees — The decrease in professional fees was primarily attributable to reduced expenses in connection with investments in our digital platform, as certain strategic projects have now been implemented.

Other — The decrease in other expenses was primarily related to lower telecommunications costs and lower technology spend.

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Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization Expenses

The following table summarizes the components of our depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenues):

	2023				2022
Depreciation of tangible property and equipment	$	293	6.0	%	$	283	6.1	%
Depletion of landfill airspace		178	3.6			167	3.5
Amortization of intangible assets		34	0.7			32	0.7
	$	505	10.3	%	$	482	10.3	%

The increase in depreciation of tangible property and equipment during the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the first quarter of 2022, was primarily driven by additional depreciation due to investments in capital assets, such as strategic investments in our digital platform and containers and trucks to service our customers. The increase in depletion of landfill airspace during the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the first quarter of 2022, was primarily driven by the reopening of a previously closed landfill in our East Tier. The increase in amortization of intangible assets during the first quarter of 2023, as compared to the first quarter of 2022, was primarily driven by amortization of acquired intangible assets.

(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net for the first quarter of 2023 were nominal. During the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a $17 million charge pertaining to reserves for loss contingencies in our Corporate and Other segment to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site, as discussed in Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income from Operations

The following table summarizes income from operations for our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31 (dollars in millions):

							Period-to-Period
	2023			2022			Change
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	550		$	531		$	19	3.6	%
West Tier		572			549			23	4.2
Solid Waste		1,122			1,080			42	3.9
Other (a)		(4)			1			(5)	*
Corporate and Other (b)		(293)			(313)			20	(6.4)
Total	$	825		$	768		$	57	7.4	%
Percentage of revenues		16.9	%		16.5	%

* Percentage change does not provide a meaningful comparison.

(a) “Other” includes (i) elements of our WMSBS business that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (ii) elements of our sustainability business that includes landfill gas-to-energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business, our SES business and recycling brokerage services and not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and (iv) the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

(b) “Corporate and Other” operating results reflect certain costs incurred for various support services that are not allocated to our reportable segments. These support services include, among other things, treasury, legal, digital, tax, insurance,

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centralized service center processes, other administrative functions and the maintenance of our closed landfills. Income from operations for “Corporate and Other” also includes costs associated with our long-term incentive program.

The significant items affecting income from operations for our segments during the first quarter of 2023, as compared with the prior year period, are summarized below:

Solid Waste — Income from operations in our Solid Waste business increased primarily due to (i) revenue growth in our collection and disposal business driven by both yield and volume and (ii) fuel tax credits recognized in the current year which were nominal in the prior year period as the majority of our fuel tax credits were not recognized until August 2022 due to the timing of the Inflationary Reduction Act of 2022. These increases were partially offset by (i) inflationary cost pressures; (ii) labor cost increases from frontline employee wage adjustments and annual merit increases and (iii) reduced profitability in our recycling business from the decline in recycling commodity prices and lower volumes.

Other — The decrease in income from operations was due to (i) reduced profitability in our WM Renewable Energy business due to lower market values for renewable fuel standard credits and lower energy prices and (ii) the decline in recycling brokerage commodity prices affecting profitability in our recycling business.

Corporate and Other — The increase in income from operations was primarily driven by (i) lower annual incentive compensation and (ii) a charge during the first quarter of 2022 to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site. These were partially offset by an increase in health and welfare costs driven by higher inflation and utilization of employee medical benefits.

Interest Expense, Net

Our interest expense, net was $120 million and $85 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase is primarily related to (i) borrowings in May 2022 under our $1.0 billion two-year, U.S. term credit agreement (“Term Loan”); (ii) increases in interest rates on our floating-rate debt, including commercial paper and variable-rate tax-exempt bonds and (iii) the issuance of $1.25 billion of senior notes in February 2023.

Equity in Net Losses of Unconsolidated Entities

We recognized equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities of $11 million and $15 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The losses for each period were primarily related to our noncontrolling interests in entities established to invest in and manage low-income housing properties. We generate tax benefits, including tax credits, from the losses incurred from these investments which are discussed further in Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax expense and effective income tax rates were $164 million, or 23.6%, and $157 million, or 23.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to income taxes.

Tax Legislation — The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) was signed into law by President Biden on August 16, 2022, and contains a number of tax-related provisions. The provisions of the IRA related to alternative fuel tax credits secure approximately $55 million of annual pre-tax benefit (to be recorded as a reduction in our operating expense) from tax credits through 2024, which is in line with the benefit we have realized from our alternative fuel tax credits. The IRA contains a number of additional provisions related to tax incentives for investments in renewable energy production, carbon capture, and other climate actions, as well as the overall measurement of corporate income taxes. Given the complexity and uncertainty around the applicability of the legislation to our specific facts and circumstances, we continue to analyze the IRA provisions to identify and quantify potential opportunities and applicable benefits included in the legislation. With respect to only the investment tax credit aspect of the IRA, we expect the cumulative benefit to be between $250 million and $350 million, a large portion of which is anticipated to be realized in 2024, 2025 and 2026. Additionally,

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the production tax credit incentives for investments in renewable energy and the carbon capture provisions of the IRA will likely result in incremental benefit, although at this time the amount of those benefits have not been quantified. Additionally, we will incur an excise tax of 1% for common stock repurchases, which will be reflected in the cost of purchasing the underlying shares as a component of treasury stock in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The current expectation is the minimum corporate tax will not have an impact on the Company.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company consistently generates cash flow from operations that meets and exceeds our working capital needs, allows for payment of our dividends, investment in the business through capital expenditures and tuck-in acquisitions, and funding of strategic sustainability growth investments. We continually monitor our actual and forecasted cash flows, our liquidity and our capital resources, enabling us to plan for our present needs and fund unbudgeted business requirements that may arise during the year. The Company believes that its investment grade credit ratings, diverse investor base, large value of unencumbered assets and modest leverage enable it to obtain adequate financing, and refinance upcoming maturities, as necessary to meet its ongoing capital, operating, strategic and other liquidity requirements, despite disruption and challenges that may be presented by recent instability of financial institutions and uncertainty regarding the U.S. government’s decisions about its debt ceiling, the ultimate impacts of which cannot be predicted at this time. We also have the additional ability to manage liquidity during periods of significant financial market disruption through temporary modification of our capital expenditure and share repurchase plans.

Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Funds and Debt Obligations

The following is a summary of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted funds and debt balances (in millions):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	257	$	351
Restricted funds:
Insurance reserves	$	437	$	313
Final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation funds		118		113
Other		5		5
Total restricted funds (a)	$	560	$	431
Debt:
Current portion	$	336	$	414
Long-term portion		15,034		14,570
Total debt	$	15,370	$	14,984

(a) As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $84 million and $83 million, respectively, of these account balances were included in other current assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $2.3 billion of debt maturing within the next 12 months, including (i) $861 million of short-term borrowings under our commercial paper program (net of related discount on issuance); (ii) $725 million of tax-exempt bonds with term interest rate periods that expire within the next 12 months, which is prior to their scheduled maturities; (iii) $500 million of 2.4% senior notes that mature in May 2023 and (iv) $186 million of other debt with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months, including $65 million of tax exempt bonds. As of March 31, 2023, we have classified $1.9 billion of debt maturing in the next 12 months as long term because we have the intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis as supported by the forecasted available capacity under our $3.5 billion long-term U.S. and Canadian revolving credit facility (“$3.5 billion revolving credit facility”). The remaining $336 million of debt maturing in the next 12 months is classified as current obligations.

In February 2023, WMI issued $750 million and $500 million of 4.625% senior notes due February 2030 and February 2033, respectively, the net proceeds of which were $1.24 billion. We used the net proceeds to repay a portion of

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outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program and for general corporate purposes, as further discussed in Summary of Cash Flow Activity below.

Guarantor Financial Information

WM Holdings has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all of WMI’s senior indebtedness. WMI has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all of WM Holdings’ senior indebtedness. None of WMI’s other subsidiaries have guaranteed any of WMI’s or WM Holdings’ debt. In lieu of providing separate financial statements for the subsidiary issuer and guarantor (WMI and WM Holdings), we have presented the accompanying supplemental summarized combined balance sheet and income statement information for WMI and WM Holdings on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions between WMI and WM Holdings and amounts related to investments in any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor (in millions):

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet Information:
Current assets	$	106	$	193
Noncurrent assets		13		14
Current liabilities		272		325
Noncurrent liabilities:
Advances due to affiliates		19,939		19,740
Other noncurrent liabilities		13,067		12,618

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023
Income Statement Information:
Revenue	$	—
Operating income		—
Net loss		89

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

The following is a summary of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,044	$	1,258
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(778)	$	(572)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(319)	$	(635)

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities — Our operating cash flows decreased by $214 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared with the prior year period, driven by (i) unfavorable changes in working capital, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures; (ii) higher incentive compensation payments and (iii) higher interest payments. This decrease was partially offset by (i) increased earnings attributable to our collection and disposal business and (ii) lower income taxes in the current period due to timing of payments.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities — The most significant items included in our investing cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:

● Capital Expenditures — We used $660 million and $418 million for capital expenditures during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in capital spending is primarily driven by our intentional investment in sustainability growth capital spending on recycling and renewable energy projects, as well as timing differences in our fixed asset purchases to support ongoing operations. The Company continues to maintain a disciplined focus on capital management to prioritize investments for expansion, the replacement of aging assets and assets that support our strategy of differentiation and continuous improvement through efficiency and innovation.

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● Other, Net — The year-over-year changes in other investing activities were primarily driven by changes in our investment portfolio associated with a wholly-owned insurance captive. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we used $85 million and $97 million, respectively, of cash from restricted cash and cash equivalents to invest in available-for-sale securities. Additionally, we used $28 million in 2022 to make an initial cash payment associated with a low-income housing investment.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities — The most significant items affecting the comparison of our financing cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:

● Debt Borrowings and Repayments — The following summarizes our cash borrowings and repayments of debt for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

	2023		2022
Borrowings:
Commercial paper	$	5,643	$	2,362
Senior notes (a)		1,242		—
	$	6,885	$	2,362
Repayments:
Commercial paper	$	(6,520)	$	(2,452)
Other debt		(28)		(19)
	$	(6,548)	$	(2,471)
Net cash borrowings (repayments)	$	337	$	(109)

(a) We used the net proceeds of our senior notes issued in February 2023 of $1.24 billion to repay $867 million of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program and utilized the remaining $373 million, combined with our net cash provided by operating activities of $1.04 billion, for general corporate purposes including for example, payment of dividends, common stock repurchases and investments in the business through capital expenditures and acquisitions.

Refer to Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our debt borrowings and repayments.

● Common Stock Repurchase Program — During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we used $350 million and $250 million, respectively, to repurchase shares of our common stock under accelerated share repurchase agreements. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

● Cash Dividends — For the periods presented, all dividends have been declared by our Board of Directors. We paid cash dividends of $289 million and $275 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in dividend payments is primarily due to our quarterly per share dividend increasing from $0.65 in 2022 to $0.70 in 2023.

Free Cash Flow

We are presenting free cash flow, which is a non-GAAP measure of liquidity, in our disclosures because we use this measure in the evaluation and management of our business. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities, less capital expenditures, plus proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, net of cash divested. We believe it is indicative of our ability to pay our quarterly dividends, repurchase common stock, fund acquisitions and other investments and, in the absence of refinancings, to repay our debt obligations. Free cash flow is not intended to replace net cash provided by operating activities, which is the most comparable GAAP measure. We believe free cash flow gives investors useful insight into how we view our liquidity, but the use of free cash flow as a liquidity measure has material limitations because it excludes certain expenditures that are required or that we have committed to, such as declared dividend payments and debt service requirements.

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Our calculation of free cash flow and reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31 is shown in the table below (in millions), and may not be calculated the same as similarly-titled measures presented by other companies:

	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	1,044	$	1,258
Capital expenditures to support the business		(504)		(371)
Capital expenditures - sustainability growth investments (a)		(156)		(47)
Total capital expenditures		(660)		(418)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, net of cash divested		11		5
Free cash flow	$	395	$	845

(a) These growth investments are intended to further our sustainability leadership position by increasing recycling volumes and growing renewable natural gas generation and we expect they will deliver circular solutions for our customers and drive environmental value to the communities we serve.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments, intangible asset impairments and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, as described in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

Seasonal Trends

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.

Service or operational disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate events can significantly affect the operating results of the geographic areas affected. Extreme weather events may also lead to supply chain disruption and delayed project development, or disruption of our customers’ businesses, reducing the amount of waste generated by their operations.

On the other hand, certain destructive weather and climate conditions, such as wildfires in the Western U.S. and hurricanes that most often impact our operations in the Southern and Eastern U.S. during the second half of the year, can increase our revenues in the geographic areas affected as a result of the waste volumes generated by these events. While weather-related and other event-driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, due to significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue can generate earnings at comparatively lower margins.

Inflation

Macroeconomic pressures, including inflation and rising interest rates and market disruption resulting in labor, supply chain and transportation constraints, are continuing. Significant global supply chain disruption and the heightened pace of inflation have reduced availability and increased costs for the goods and services we purchase, particularly for repair and maintenance and subcontractor costs. Supply chain constraints have also caused delayed delivery of fleet, steel containers

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and other purchases. Aspects of our business rely on third-party transportation providers, and such services have become more limited and expensive. We continue to take proactive steps to recover and mitigate inflationary cost pressures through our overall pricing efforts and by managing our costs through efficiency, labor productivity, and investments in technology to automate certain aspects of our business. These efforts may not be successful for various reasons including the pace of inflation, operating cost inefficiencies, market responses, and contractual limitations, such as the timing lag in our ability to recover increased costs under certain contracts that are tied to a price escalation index with a lookback provision.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Except for the general financial institution instability that has been publicly reported during the first quarter of 2023, described further below in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors, the information about market risks as of March 31, 2023 does not materially differ from that discussed under Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.

Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive and financial officers, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management (including the principal executive and financial officers) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023 (the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. We determined that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found under the Environmental Matters and Litigation sections of Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The instability of certain financial institutions may have adverse impacts on certain of our vendors and customers and/or on our ability to access our cash deposits and make borrowings, which could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In 2023, there have been public reports of instability at certain financial institutions. Although we do not hold material deposits or investments at these financial institutions, and despite the steps taken to date by U.S. and foreign agencies and institutions to protect depositors, the follow-on effects of the events surrounding recent bank failures and pressure on other financial institutions are unknown, could include failures of other financial institutions to which we face direct or indirect exposure, and may lead to disruptions to the cash flows, operations and financial condition of our vendors, customers, and/or us. Additionally, tight credit conditions could generally result in economic slowdown and reduced demand for environmental services.

Additionally, Credit Suisse AG New York Branch (“Credit Suisse”) is a lender under our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility, having made a commitment to fund approximately 5.14% of borrowings under the facility. It was recently announced that fellow Swiss bank UBS Group AG plans to acquire Credit Suisse. We do not anticipate any material disruption to our ability to access funds under our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility or otherwise finance our business and operations. However, if multiple lenders under our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility were to fail or be unable to fund borrowings, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table summarizes common stock repurchases made during the first quarter of 2023 (shares in millions):

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

				Total Number of
	Total			Shares Purchased as	Approximate Maximum
	Number of	Average		Part of Publicly	Dollar Value of Shares that
	Shares	Price Paid		Announced Plans or	May Yet be Purchased Under
Period	Purchased	per Share		Programs	the Plans or Programs
January 1 — 31	—	$	—	—	$	1.50 billion
February 1 — 28 (a)	1.9	$	150.34	1.9	$	1.15 billion
March 1 — 31	—	$	—	—	$	1.15 billion	(b)
Total	1.9	$	150.34	1.9

(a) In February 2023, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement to repurchase $350 million of our common stock. At the beginning of the repurchase period, we delivered $350 million cash and received 1.9 million shares based on a stock price of $150.34, exclusive of the 1% excise tax discussed below. The final number of shares to be repurchased and the final average price per share under the ASR agreement, exclusive of the 1% excise tax, will depend on the volume-weighted average price of our stock, less a discount, during the term of the agreement. Purchases under the ASR agreement are expected to be completed in April 2023.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in accrued liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(b) As of March 31, 2023, the Company has authorization for $1.15 billion of future share repurchases. Any future share repurchases pursuant to this authorization of our Board of Directors will be made at the discretion of management and

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will depend on factors similar to those considered by the Board of Directors in making dividend declarations, including our net earnings, financial condition and cash required for future business plans, growth and acquisitions.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Information concerning mine safety and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to this quarterly report.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Description
4.1*	Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 301 of the Indenture dated September 10, 1997 establishing the terms and form of the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030.
4.2*	Officers’ Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 301 of the Indenture dated September 10, 1997 establishing the terms and form of the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033.
4.3*	Guarantee Agreement by WM Holdings in favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee for the holders of the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030.
4.4*	Guarantee Agreement by WM Holdings in favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee for the holders of the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033.
10.1	Form of 2023 Long Term Incentive Compensation Award Agreement for Senior Leadership Team [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed March 10, 2023].
22.1*	Guarantor Subsidiary.
31.1*	Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of James C. Fish, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer.
31.2*	Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of Devina A. Rankin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
32.1**	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 of James C. Fish, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer.
32.2**	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 of Devina A. Rankin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
95*	Mine Safety Disclosures.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*     Filed herewith.

**   Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
	By:	/s/ DEVINA A. RANKIN
		Devina A. Rankin
		Executive Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)
	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
	By:	/s/ JOHN CARROLL
		John Carroll
		Vice President and
		Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: April 27, 2023

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EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
Officers’ Certificate Delivered Pursuant to
Section 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997

February 15, 2023

The undersigned, the Vice President and Treasurer, and the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of Waste Management, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify that:

1.This Officers’ Certificate (this “Certificate”) is delivered to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”), pursuant to Sections 102 and 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997 between the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., and the Trustee (the “Indenture”) in connection with the Company Order dated February 15, 2023 (the “Order”) for the authentication and delivery by the Trustee of $750,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Notes”).

2.The undersigned have read Sections 102, 103, 301 and 303 of the Indenture and the definitions in the Indenture relating thereto.

3.The statements made herein are based either upon the personal knowledge of the persons making this Certificate or on information, data and reports furnished to such persons by the officers, counsel, department heads or employees of the Company who have knowledge of the facts involved.

4.The undersigned have examined the Order, and they have read the covenants, conditions and provisions of the Indenture relating thereto.

5.In the opinion of the persons making this Certificate, they have made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable them to express an informed opinion as to whether or not all covenants and conditions provided for in the Indenture with respect to the Order have been complied with.

6.All covenants and conditions (including all conditions precedent) provided in the Indenture to the authentication and delivery by the Trustee of $750,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Notes have been complied with, and such Notes may be delivered in accordance with the Order as provided in the Indenture.

7.The terms of the Notes (including the Form of Note) as set forth in Annex A to this Certificate have been approved by officers of the Company as authorized by resolutions duly adopted on March 1, 2022 by the Board of Directors of the Company, which are in full force and effect as of the date hereof.

[signature page follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereunto executed this Officers’ Certificate as of the date first written above.

/s/ David L. Reed

David L. Reed

Vice President and Treasurer

/s/ Courtney A. Tippy

Courtney A. Tippy

Vice President and Corporate Secretary

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

Officers’ Certificate Delivered Pursuant to

Section 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997

Signature Page

Annex A

Terms of the Notes

Pursuant to authority granted by the Board of Directors of the Company on March 1, 2022 and the Sole Director of Waste Management Holdings, Inc. on February 1, 2023, the Company has approved the establishment, issuance, execution and delivery of a new series of Securities (as defined in the Indenture) to be issued under the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997 (the “Indenture”), between the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”), the terms of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein are used herein as defined in the Indenture.

(1) The title of the series of Securities shall be “4.625% Senior Notes due 2030” (the “Notes”).

(2) The Notes shall be general unsecured, senior obligations of the Company.

(3) The initial aggregate principal amount of the Notes that may be authenticated and delivered under the Indenture shall be $750,000,000 (except for Notes authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Notes pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 of the Indenture); provided, however, that the authorized aggregate principal amount of such series may be increased before or after the issuance of any Notes of such series by a Board Resolution (or action pursuant to a Board Resolution) to such effect.

(4) The principal amount of each Note shall be payable on February 15, 2030.

(5) Each Note shall bear interest from February 15, 2023 at the fixed rate of 4.625% per annum; the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable shall be February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2023, until maturity, unless such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, in which case, such payment shall be made on the next day that is a Business Day. The Regular Record Date for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable shall be February 1 or August 1, respectively, immediately preceding such date, as the case may be.

(6) If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the Notes) occurs, each Holder of the Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of such Holder’s Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, if any, to the date of purchase, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Notes.

(7) The Notes are to be issued as Registered Securities only. Each Note is to be issued as a book-entry note (“Book-Entry Note”) but in certain circumstances may be represented by Notes in definitive form. The Book-Entry Notes shall be issued, in whole or in part, in the form of one or more Notes in global form as contemplated by Section 203 of the Indenture. The Depositary with respect to the Book-Entry Notes shall be The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York.

(8) Payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest due on the Notes representing Book-Entry Notes on any Interest Payment Date or at maturity will be made available to the

Trustee by 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on such date, unless such date falls on a day which is not a Business Day, in which case such payments will be made available to the Trustee by 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next Business Day. As soon as possible thereafter, the Trustee will make such payments to the Depositary.

(9) Prior to the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount and rounded to three decimal places) equal to the greater of:

(1) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the Redemption Date (assuming the Notes matured on the Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the Notes) plus 15 basis points, less (b) interest accrued to the Redemption Date, and

(2) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed,

plus, in either case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

On or after the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

“Par Call Date” means December 15, 2029.

(10) The Company shall have no obligation to redeem, purchase or repay the Notes pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof.

(11) The Notes will be subject to defeasance and discharge as contemplated by Section 1302 of the Indenture and to covenant defeasance under Section 1303 of the Indenture.

(12) The Notes shall be entitled to the benefit of the covenants contained in Sections 1008 and 1009 of the Indenture.

(13) The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. shall serve initially as Security Registrar for the Notes.

(14) The Notes shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

(15) The Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Waste Management Holdings, Inc., pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Guarantee Agreement dated February 15, 2023 (the “Guarantee”). The amount of the Guarantee will be limited to the extent required under applicable fraudulent conveyance laws to cause the Guarantee to be enforceable. The terms and conditions of the Guarantee shall continue in full force and effect for the benefit of holders of the Notes until release thereof as set forth in Section 6 of the Guarantee.

(16) The Notes shall be subject to the satisfaction and discharge provisions set forth in Section 401 of the Indenture, as such provisions are supplemented or modified by the terms and conditions set forth in the Notes in accordance with the Indenture.

Exhibit A

Form of Note

BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY

THIS SECURITY IS A BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITORY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITORY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITORY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITORY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY TO THE DEPOSITORY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY (AS DEFINED BELOW) OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION FOR TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

RGN		Principal Amount
	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.	U.S. $ , which may be decreased by the Schedule of Exchanges of Definitive Security attached hereto
	4.625% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2030
		CUSIP 94106L BT5

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” which term includes any successors under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, at the office or agency of the Company, the principal sum of                 Million ($               ) U.S. dollars, or such lesser principal sum as is shown on the attached Schedule of Exchanges of Definitive Security, on February 15, 2030 in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts, and to pay interest at an annual rate of 4.625% payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year, to the person in whose name this Security is registered at the close of business on the record date for such interest, which shall be the preceding February

1 or August 1, respectively, payable commencing August 15, 2023, with interest accruing from February 15, 2023, or the most recent date to which interest has been paid.

Reference is made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof. Such further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place.

The statements in the legends set forth above are an integral part of the terms of this Security and by acceptance hereof the Holder of this Security agrees to be subject to, and bound by, the terms and provisions set forth in each such legend.

This Security is issued in respect of a series of Securities of an initial aggregate of U.S. $750,000,000 in principal amount designated as the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030 of the Company and is governed by the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997, duly executed and delivered by the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association) as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by Board Resolutions (as defined in the Indenture) (such Indenture and Board Resolutions, collectively, the “Indenture”). The terms of the Indenture are incorporated herein by reference. This Security shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits as definitive Securities under the Indenture.

If and to the extent that any provision of the Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with any other provision of the Indenture that is required to be included in the Indenture or is deemed applicable to the Indenture by virtue of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, such required provision shall control.

The Company hereby irrevocably undertakes to the Holder hereof to exchange this Security in accordance with the terms of the Indenture without charge.

This Security shall not be valid or become obligatory for any purpose until the Certificate of Authentication hereon shall have been manually signed by the Trustee under the Indenture.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed under its corporate seal.

Dated:	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation
	By:                                               David L. Reed Vice President and Treasurer
	Attest:
	By:                                                   Courtney A. Tippy Vice President and Corporate Secretary

CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Date of Authentication:	The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee
	By:  ​ ​ Authorized Officer

REVERSE OF BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

4.625% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2030

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the Company (the “Debt Securities”) of the series hereinafter specified, all issued or to be issued under and pursuant to the Indenture, to which Indenture reference is hereby made for a description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of the Debt Securities. The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series, which different series may be issued in various aggregate principal amounts, may mature at different times, may bear interest (if any) at different rates, may be subject to different sinking, purchase or analogous funds (if any) and may otherwise vary as provided in the Indenture. This Security is one of a series designated as the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030 of the Company, in initial aggregate principal amount of $750,000,000 (the “Securities”).

1.Interest.

The Company promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Security at the rate of 4.625% per annum.

The Company will pay interest semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year (each an “Interest Payment Date”), commencing August 15, 2023. Interest on the Securities will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid on the Securities, from February 15, 2023. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy laws) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace period) and on overdue principal and premium, if any, from time to time on demand at the rate of 4.625% per annum, in each case to the extent lawful.

2.Method of Payment.

The Company shall pay interest on the Securities (except Defaulted Interest) to the persons who are the registered Holders at the close of business on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for (“Defaulted Interest”) may be paid to the persons who are registered Holders at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, or in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may then be listed if such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee, as more fully provided in the Indenture. Except as provided below, the Company shall pay principal and interest in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for payment of public and private debts (“U.S. Legal Tender”). Payments in respect of a Book-Entry Security (including principal, premium, if any, and interest) will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the

Depository. Payments in respect of Securities in definitive form (including principal, premium, if any, and interest) will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, which initially will be at the corporate trust office of The Bank of New York Mellon, located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, 10286 or at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the Holders on the Regular Record Date or on the Special Record Date at their addresses set forth in the Security Register of Holders.

3.Paying Agent and Registrar.

Initially, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar at any time upon notice to the Trustee and the Holders. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may, subject to certain exceptions, act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar.

4.Indenture.

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of Debt Securities of the Company issued and to be issued in one or more series under the Indenture.

Capitalized terms herein are used as defined in the Indenture unless otherwise defined herein. The terms of the Securities include those stated in the Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto, those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as in effect on the date of the Indenture, and those terms stated in the Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee, duly authorized by resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company on March 1, 2022 (the “Resolutions”) and the written consent of the Sole Director of Waste Management Holdings, Inc. on February 1, 2023 (the “Consent”). The Securities are subject to all such terms, and Holders of Securities are referred to the Indenture, all indentures supplemental thereto, said Act, said Resolutions and said Consent and Officers’ Certificate for a statement of them. The Securities of this series are general unsecured obligations of the Company limited with an initial aggregate principal amount of $750,000,000.

5.Redemption.

Prior to the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Securities at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount and rounded to three decimal places) equal to the greater of:

(1) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the Redemption Date (assuming the Securities matured on the Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate plus 15 basis points, less (b) interest accrued to the Redemption Date, and

(2) 100% of the principal amount of the Securities to be redeemed,

plus, in either case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

On or after the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Securities at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Securities to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

“Par Call Date” means December 15, 2029.

“Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any Redemption Date, the yield determined by the Company in accordance with the following two paragraphs.

The Treasury Rate shall be determined by the Company after 4:15 p.m., New York City time (or after such time as yields on U.S. government securities are posted daily by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date based upon the yield or yields for the most recent day that appear after such time on such day in the most recent statistical release published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System designated as “Selected Interest Rates (Daily) - H.15” (or any successor designation or publication) (“H.15”) under the caption “U.S. government securities–Treasury constant maturities–Nominal” (or any successor caption or heading) (“H.15 TCM”). In determining the Treasury Rate, the Company shall select, as applicable: (1) the yield for the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the period from the Redemption Date to the Par Call Date (the “Remaining Life”); or (2) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the Remaining Life, the two yields – one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately shorter than and one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately longer than the Remaining Life – and shall interpolate to the Par Call Date on a straight-line basis (using the actual number of days) using such yields and rounding the result to three decimal places; or (3) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 shorter than or longer than the Remaining Life, the yield for the single Treasury constant maturity on H.15 closest to the Remaining Life. For purposes of this paragraph, the applicable Treasury constant maturity or maturities on H.15 shall be deemed to have a maturity date equal to the relevant number of months or years, as applicable, of such Treasury constant maturity from the Redemption Date.

If on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date H.15 TCM or any successor designation or publication is no longer published, the Company shall calculate the Treasury Rate based on the rate per annum equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day preceding such Redemption Date of the United States Treasury security maturing on, or with a maturity that is closest to, the Par Call Date, as applicable.  If there is no United States Treasury security maturing on the Par Call Date but there are two or more United States Treasury securities with a maturity date equally distant from the Par Call Date, one with a maturity date preceding the Par Call Date and one with a maturity date following the Par Call Date, the Company shall select the United States Treasury security with a maturity date preceding the Par Call Date. If there are two or more United States Treasury securities maturing on the Par Call Date or two or more United States Treasury securities meeting the criteria of the preceding sentence, the Company shall select from among these two or more United States Treasury securities the United States Treasury security that is trading closest to par based upon the average of the bid and asked prices for such United States Treasury securities at 11:00 a.m., New York City time.  In determining the Treasury Rate in accordance with the terms of this paragraph, the semi-annual yield to maturity of the applicable United States Treasury

security shall be based upon the average of the bid and asked prices (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, of such United States Treasury security, and rounded to three decimal places.

The Company’s actions and determinations in determining the Redemption Price shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. The Company will notify the Trustee of the Redemption Price promptly after the calculation thereof and the Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for any calculation of the Redemption Price or of any component thereof, or for determining whether manifest error has occurred.

Securities called for redemption become due on the Redemption Date. Notices of redemption will be mailed or electronically delivered (or otherwise transmitted in accordance with the Depositary’s procedures) at least 10 but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each holder of record of the Securities to be redeemed at its registered address. The notice of redemption for the Securities will state, among other things, the amount of Securities to be redeemed, the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price or, if not ascertainable, the manner of determining the Redemption Price and the place(s) that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of Securities to be redeemed. Unless the Company defaults in payment of the Redemption Price, interest will cease to accrue on any Securities that have been called for redemption at the Redemption Date. If less than all the Securities are redeemed at any time, the Trustee will select the Securities to be redeemed on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee in its sole discretion deems appropriate and fair. In the case of Securities in global form, the Depositary will determine the allocation of the Redemption Price among beneficial owners in such global Securities in accordance with the Depositary’s applicable procedures.

Except as set forth above, the Securities will not be redeemable prior to their Stated Maturity and will not be entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund.

The Securities may be redeemed in part in a minimum principal amount of $2,000, or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.

Any such redemption will also comply with Article Eleven of the Indenture.

6.Change of Control Offer.

If a Change of Control Triggering Event occurs, unless the Company has exercised its option to redeem the Securities as described in Section 5, the Company shall make an offer (a “Change of Control Offer”) to each Holder of the Securities to repurchase all or any part (equal to $2,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof) of that Holder’s Securities on the terms set forth herein. In a Change of Control Offer, the Company shall offer payment in cash equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of Securities repurchased (a “Change of Control Payment”), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the Securities repurchased to the date of repurchase, subject to the right of holders of record on the applicable record date to receive interest due on the next Interest Payment Date.

Within 30 days following any Change of Control Triggering Event or, at the Company’s option, prior to any Change of Control, but after public announcement of the transaction that

constitutes or may constitute the Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to Holders of the Securities describing the transaction that constitutes or may constitute the Change of Control Triggering Event and offering to repurchase such Securities on the date specified in the applicable notice, which date shall be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed (a “Change of Control Payment Date”). The notice may, if mailed prior to the date of consummation of the Change of Control, state that the Change of Control Offer is conditioned on the Change of Control Triggering Event occurring on or prior to the applicable Change of Control Payment Date.

Upon the Change of Control Payment Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful:

● accept for payment all Securities or portions of Securities properly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Change of Control Offer;

● deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the Change of Control Payment in respect of all Securities or portions of Securities properly tendered; and

● deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Securities properly accepted together with an Officers’ Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Securities or portions of Securities being repurchased.

The Company need not make a Change of Control Offer upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event if a third party makes such an offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by the Company and the third party repurchases all Securities properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer. In addition, the Company shall not repurchase any Securities if there has occurred and is continuing on the Change of Control Payment Date an Event of Default under the Indenture, other than a default in the payment of the Change of Control Payment upon a Change of Control Triggering Event.

The Company will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of the Securities as a result of a Change of Control Triggering Event. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the Change of Control Offer provisions of this Security, the Company will comply with those securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under the Change of Control Offer provisions of this Security by virtue of any such conflict.

For purposes of the Change of Control Offer provisions of the Securities, the following terms are applicable:

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the direct or indirect sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or more series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person, other than the Company or one of its Subsidiaries; (2) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any person becomes the

beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company or other Voting Stock into which the Company’s Voting Stock is reclassified, consolidated, exchanged or changed, measured by voting power rather than number of shares; (3) the Company consolidates with, or merges with or into, any person, or any person consolidates with, or merges with or into, the Company, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company or the Voting Stock of such other person is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such transaction where the shares of the Voting Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction constitute, or are converted into or exchanged for, a majority of the Voting Stock of the surviving person or any direct or indirect parent company of the surviving person, measured by voting power rather than number of shares, immediately after giving effect to such transaction; or (4) the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

Notwithstanding the preceding, a transaction will not be deemed to involve a Change of Control under clause (2) above if (i) the Company becomes a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of a holding company and (ii)(A) the direct or indirect holders of the Voting Stock of such holding company immediately following that transaction are substantially the same as the holders of Voting Stock of the Company immediately prior to that transaction or (B) immediately following that transaction no person (other than a holding company satisfying the requirements of this sentence) is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Stock of such holding company. The term “person,” as used in this definition, has the meaning given thereto in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act.

“Change of Control Triggering Event” means the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Rating Event.

“Fitch” means Fitch Inc. and its successors.

“Investment Grade Rating” means a rating equal to or higher than BBB- (or the equivalent) by Fitch, Baa3 (or the equivalent) by Moody’s and BBB- (or the equivalent) by S&P, and the equivalent investment grade credit rating from any replacement Rating Agency or Rating Agencies selected by the Company.

“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and its successors.

“Rating Agencies” means (1) each of Fitch, Moody’s and S&P and (2) if any of Fitch, Moody’s or S&P ceases to rate the Securities or fails to make a rating of the Securities publicly available for reasons outside of the Company’s control, a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act selected by the Company (as certified by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company) as a replacement agency for Fitch, Moody’s or S&P, or all of them, as the case may be.

“Rating Event” means the rating on the Securities is lowered by at least two of the three Rating Agencies and the Securities are rated below an Investment Grade Rating by at least two of the three Rating Agencies, in any case on any day during the period (which period will be extended so long as the rating of the Securities is under publicly announced consideration for a possible

downgrade by any of the rating agencies) commencing 60 days prior to the first public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or the Company’s intention to effect a Change of Control and ending 60 days following consummation of such Change of Control.

“S&P” means S&P Global Ratings, a division of S&P Global Inc., and its successors.

“Voting Stock” means, with respect to any specified “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) as of any date, the capital stock of such person that is at the time entitled to vote generally in the election of the board of directors of such person.

7.Denominations; Transfer; Exchange.

The Securities are issued in registered form, without coupons, in a minimum denomination of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. A Holder may register the transfer of, or exchange, Securities in accordance with the Indenture. The Securities Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture.

8.Person Deemed Owners.

The registered Holder of a Security may be treated as the owner of it for all purposes.

9.Amendment; Supplement; Waiver.

Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture may be amended or supplemented, and any existing Event of Default or compliance with any provision may be waived, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of each series affected. Without consent of any Holder, the parties thereto may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Securities to, among other things, cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or make any other change that does not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of a Security in any material respect. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security (unless revoked as provided in the Indenture) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of this Security and any Securities which may be issued in exchange or substitution herefor, irrespective of whether or not any notation thereof is made upon this Security or such other Securities.

10.Defaults and Remedies.

If an Event of Default with respect to the Securities occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities then Outstanding may declare the principal amount of all the Securities to be due and payable immediately in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, however, if at any time after such a declaration of acceleration has been made and before judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as provided in the Indenture, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and to the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (A) all overdue interest on all Securities, (B) the principal of (and premium, if

any, on) any Securities which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate prescribed therefor herein, (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate prescribed therefor herein, and (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and (2) all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to the Securities, other than the nonpayment of the principal of Securities which has become due solely by such declaration acceleration, shall have been cured or shall have been waived. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Event of Default or shall impair any right consequent thereon. Holders of Securities may not enforce the Indenture or the Securities except as provided in the Indenture. The Trustee may require indemnity satisfactory to it before it enforces the Indenture or the Securities. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power.

11.Trustee Dealings with Company.

The Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company and its Affiliates and any subsidiary of the Company’s Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company and its Affiliates as if it were not the Trustee.

12.Authentication.

This Security shall not be valid until the Trustee or authenticating agent signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Security.

13.Abbreviations and Defined Terms.

Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder of a Security or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (tenant in common), TEN ENT (tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (Custodian), and U/G/M/A (Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

14.CUSIP Numbers.

Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Note Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Securities as a convenience to the Holders of the Securities. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such number as printed on the Securities and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed hereon.

15.Absolute Obligation.

No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on this Security in the manner, at the respective times, at the rate and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.  

16.No Recourse.

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, past, present or future stockholder, officer or director, as such of the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Security by the Holder and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Security.

17.Governing Law.

This Security shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York.

18.Guarantee.

The Securities will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Waste Management Holdings, Inc., pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Guarantee, dated as of February 15, 2023 (the “Guarantee”). The amount of the Guarantee will be limited to the extent required under applicable fraudulent conveyance laws to cause the Guarantee to be enforceable. The terms and conditions of the Guarantee shall continue in full force and effect for the benefit of holders of the Securities until release thereof as set forth in Section 6 of the Guarantee.

19.Satisfaction and Discharge.

The Securities will be subject to Section 401 of the Indenture; provided, however, that solely with respect to the Securities, the following sentence shall be added to the end of Section 401(1)(B) of the Indenture: “(provided that, upon any redemption that requires the payment of any make-whole or other premium, (x) the amount of cash that must be deposited shall be determined using an assumed applicable premium calculated as of the date of such deposit and (y) the Company shall deposit any deficit in trust on or prior to the Redemption Date as necessary to pay the applicable premium as determined by such date)”.

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF DEFINITIVE SECURITY

The following exchanges of a part of this Book-Entry Security for definitive Securities have been made:

Date of Exchange Amount of decrease in Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security Amount of increase in Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security following such decrease (or increase) Signature of authorized officer of Trustee or Security Custodian

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.
Officers’ Certificate Delivered Pursuant to
Section 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997

February 15, 2023

The undersigned, the Vice President and Treasurer, and the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of Waste Management, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify that:

1.This Officers’ Certificate (this “Certificate”) is delivered to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”), pursuant to Sections 102 and 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997 between the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., and the Trustee (the “Indenture”) in connection with the Company Order dated February 15, 2023 (the “Order”) for the authentication and delivery by the Trustee of $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033 (the “Notes”).

2.The undersigned have read Sections 102, 103, 301 and 303 of the Indenture and the definitions in the Indenture relating thereto.

3.The statements made herein are based either upon the personal knowledge of the persons making this Certificate or on information, data and reports furnished to such persons by the officers, counsel, department heads or employees of the Company who have knowledge of the facts involved.

4.The undersigned have examined the Order, and they have read the covenants, conditions and provisions of the Indenture relating thereto.

5.In the opinion of the persons making this Certificate, they have made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable them to express an informed opinion as to whether or not all covenants and conditions provided for in the Indenture with respect to the Order have been complied with.

6.All covenants and conditions (including all conditions precedent) provided in the Indenture to the authentication and delivery by the Trustee of $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of the Notes have been complied with, and such Notes may be delivered in accordance with the Order as provided in the Indenture.

7.The terms of the Notes (including the Form of Note) as set forth in Annex A to this Certificate have been approved by officers of the Company as authorized by resolutions duly adopted on March 1, 2022 by the Board of Directors of the Company, which are in full force and effect as of the date hereof.

[signature page follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereunto executed this Officers’ Certificate as of the date first written above.

/s/ David L. Reed

David L. Reed

Vice President and Treasurer

/s/ Courtney A. Tippy

Courtney A. Tippy

Vice President and Corporate Secretary

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

Officers’ Certificate Delivered Pursuant to

Section 301 of the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997

Signature Page

Annex A

Terms of the Notes

Pursuant to authority granted by the Board of Directors of the Company on March 1, 2022 and the Sole Director of Waste Management Holdings, Inc. on February 1, 2023, the Company has approved the establishment, issuance, execution and delivery of a new series of Securities (as defined in the Indenture) to be issued under the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997 (the “Indenture”), between the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”), the terms of which are set forth below. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein are used herein as defined in the Indenture.

(1) The title of the series of Securities shall be “4.625% Senior Notes due 2033” (the “Notes”).

(2) The Notes shall be general unsecured, senior obligations of the Company.

(3) The initial aggregate principal amount of the Notes that may be authenticated and delivered under the Indenture shall be $500,000,000 (except for Notes authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Notes pursuant to Section 304, 305, 306, 906 or 1107 of the Indenture); provided, however, that the authorized aggregate principal amount of such series may be increased before or after the issuance of any Notes of such series by a Board Resolution (or action pursuant to a Board Resolution) to such effect.

(4) The principal amount of each Note shall be payable on February 15, 2033.

(5) Each Note shall bear interest from February 15, 2023 at the fixed rate of 4.625% per annum; the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest shall be payable shall be February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2023, until maturity, unless such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, in which case, such payment shall be made on the next day that is a Business Day. The Regular Record Date for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable shall be February 1 or August 1, respectively, immediately preceding such date, as the case may be.

(6) If a “Change of Control Triggering Event” (as defined in the Notes) occurs, each Holder of the Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of such Holder’s Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, if any, to the date of purchase, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Notes.

(7) The Notes are to be issued as Registered Securities only. Each Note is to be issued as a book-entry note (“Book-Entry Note”) but in certain circumstances may be represented by Notes in definitive form. The Book-Entry Notes shall be issued, in whole or in part, in the form of one or more Notes in global form as contemplated by Section 203 of the Indenture. The Depositary with respect to the Book-Entry Notes shall be The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York.

(8) Payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest due on the Notes representing Book-Entry Notes on any Interest Payment Date or at maturity will be made available to the

Trustee by 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on such date, unless such date falls on a day which is not a Business Day, in which case such payments will be made available to the Trustee by 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next Business Day. As soon as possible thereafter, the Trustee will make such payments to the Depositary.

(9) Prior to the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount and rounded to three decimal places) equal to the greater of:

(1) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the Redemption Date (assuming the Notes matured on the Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the Notes) plus 15 basis points, less (b) interest accrued to the Redemption Date, and

(2) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed,

plus, in either case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

On or after the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Notes at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

“Par Call Date” means November 15, 2032.

(10) The Company shall have no obligation to redeem, purchase or repay the Notes pursuant to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof.

(11) The Notes will be subject to defeasance and discharge as contemplated by Section 1302 of the Indenture and to covenant defeasance under Section 1303 of the Indenture.

(12) The Notes shall be entitled to the benefit of the covenants contained in Sections 1008 and 1009 of the Indenture.

(13) The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. shall serve initially as Security Registrar for the Notes.

(14) The Notes shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto.

(15) The Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Waste Management Holdings, Inc., pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Guarantee Agreement dated February 15, 2023 (the “Guarantee”). The amount of the Guarantee will be limited to the extent required under applicable fraudulent conveyance laws to cause the Guarantee to be enforceable. The terms and conditions of the Guarantee shall continue in full force and effect for the benefit of holders of the Notes until release thereof as set forth in Section 6 of the Guarantee.

(16) The Notes shall be subject to the satisfaction and discharge provisions set forth in Section 401 of the Indenture, as such provisions are supplemented or modified by the terms and conditions set forth in the Notes in accordance with the Indenture.

Exhibit A

Form of Note

BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY

THIS SECURITY IS A BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITORY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITORY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITORY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY (OTHER THAN A TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITORY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY TO THE DEPOSITORY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITORY) MAY BE REGISTERED EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.

UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY (AS DEFINED BELOW) OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION FOR TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.

RGN		Principal Amount
	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.	U.S. $ , which may be decreased by the Schedule of Exchanges of Definitive Security attached hereto
	4.625% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2033
		CUSIP 94106L BU2

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” which term includes any successors under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, at the office or agency of the Company, the principal sum of                 Million ($               ) U.S. dollars, or such lesser principal sum as is shown on the attached Schedule of Exchanges of Definitive Security, on February 15, 2033 in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts, and to pay interest at an annual rate of 4.625% payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year, to the person in whose name this Security is registered at the close of business on the record date for such interest, which shall be the preceding February

1 or August 1, respectively, payable commencing August 15, 2023, with interest accruing from February 15, 2023, or the most recent date to which interest has been paid.

Reference is made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof. Such further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place.

The statements in the legends set forth above are an integral part of the terms of this Security and by acceptance hereof the Holder of this Security agrees to be subject to, and bound by, the terms and provisions set forth in each such legend.

This Security is issued in respect of a series of Securities of an initial aggregate of U.S. $500,000,000 in principal amount designated as the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033 of the Company and is governed by the Indenture dated as of September 10, 1997, duly executed and delivered by the Company, formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc., to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association) as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by Board Resolutions (as defined in the Indenture) (such Indenture and Board Resolutions, collectively, the “Indenture”). The terms of the Indenture are incorporated herein by reference. This Security shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits as definitive Securities under the Indenture.

If and to the extent that any provision of the Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with any other provision of the Indenture that is required to be included in the Indenture or is deemed applicable to the Indenture by virtue of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, such required provision shall control.

The Company hereby irrevocably undertakes to the Holder hereof to exchange this Security in accordance with the terms of the Indenture without charge.

This Security shall not be valid or become obligatory for any purpose until the Certificate of Authentication hereon shall have been manually signed by the Trustee under the Indenture.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed under its corporate seal.

Dated:	WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation
	By:                                               David L. Reed Vice President and Treasurer
	Attest:
	By:                                                   Courtney A. Tippy Vice President and Corporate Secretary

CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

Date of Authentication:	The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee
	By:  ​ ​ Authorized Officer

REVERSE OF BOOK-ENTRY SECURITY

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

4.625% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2033

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of unsecured debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of the Company (the “Debt Securities”) of the series hereinafter specified, all issued or to be issued under and pursuant to the Indenture, to which Indenture reference is hereby made for a description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of the Debt Securities. The Debt Securities may be issued in one or more series, which different series may be issued in various aggregate principal amounts, may mature at different times, may bear interest (if any) at different rates, may be subject to different sinking, purchase or analogous funds (if any) and may otherwise vary as provided in the Indenture. This Security is one of a series designated as the 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033 of the Company, in initial aggregate principal amount of $500,000,000 (the “Securities”).

1.Interest.

The Company promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Security at the rate of 4.625% per annum.

The Company will pay interest semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year (each an “Interest Payment Date”), commencing August 15, 2023. Interest on the Securities will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid on the Securities, from February 15, 2023. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy laws) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace period) and on overdue principal and premium, if any, from time to time on demand at the rate of 4.625% per annum, in each case to the extent lawful.

2.Method of Payment.

The Company shall pay interest on the Securities (except Defaulted Interest) to the persons who are the registered Holders at the close of business on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date. Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for (“Defaulted Interest”) may be paid to the persons who are registered Holders at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, or in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may then be listed if such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee, as more fully provided in the Indenture. Except as provided below, the Company shall pay principal and interest in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender for payment of public and private debts (“U.S. Legal Tender”). Payments in respect of a Book-Entry Security (including principal, premium, if any, and interest) will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the

Depository. Payments in respect of Securities in definitive form (including principal, premium, if any, and interest) will be made at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, which initially will be at the corporate trust office of The Bank of New York Mellon, located at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, 10286 or at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the Holders on the Regular Record Date or on the Special Record Date at their addresses set forth in the Security Register of Holders.

3.Paying Agent and Registrar.

Initially, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar at any time upon notice to the Trustee and the Holders. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may, subject to certain exceptions, act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar.

4.Indenture.

This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of Debt Securities of the Company issued and to be issued in one or more series under the Indenture.

Capitalized terms herein are used as defined in the Indenture unless otherwise defined herein. The terms of the Securities include those stated in the Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto, those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as in effect on the date of the Indenture, and those terms stated in the Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee, duly authorized by resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company on March 1, 2022 (the “Resolutions”) and the written consent of the Sole Director of Waste Management Holdings, Inc. on February 1, 2023 (the “Consent”). The Securities are subject to all such terms, and Holders of Securities are referred to the Indenture, all indentures supplemental thereto, said Act, said Resolutions and said Consent and Officers’ Certificate for a statement of them. The Securities of this series are general unsecured obligations of the Company limited with an initial aggregate principal amount of $500,000,000.

5.Redemption.

Prior to the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Securities at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount and rounded to three decimal places) equal to the greater of:

(1) (a) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the Redemption Date (assuming the Securities matured on the Par Call Date) on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate plus 15 basis points, less (b) interest accrued to the Redemption Date, and

(2) 100% of the principal amount of the Securities to be redeemed,

plus, in either case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

On or after the Par Call Date, the Company may redeem the Securities at its option, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Securities to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the Redemption Date.

“Par Call Date” means November 15, 2032.

“Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any Redemption Date, the yield determined by the Company in accordance with the following two paragraphs.

The Treasury Rate shall be determined by the Company after 4:15 p.m., New York City time (or after such time as yields on U.S. government securities are posted daily by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System), on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date based upon the yield or yields for the most recent day that appear after such time on such day in the most recent statistical release published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System designated as “Selected Interest Rates (Daily) - H.15” (or any successor designation or publication) (“H.15”) under the caption “U.S. government securities–Treasury constant maturities–Nominal” (or any successor caption or heading) (“H.15 TCM”). In determining the Treasury Rate, the Company shall select, as applicable: (1) the yield for the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the period from the Redemption Date to the Par Call Date (the “Remaining Life”); or (2) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 exactly equal to the Remaining Life, the two yields – one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately shorter than and one yield corresponding to the Treasury constant maturity on H.15 immediately longer than the Remaining Life – and shall interpolate to the Par Call Date on a straight-line basis (using the actual number of days) using such yields and rounding the result to three decimal places; or (3) if there is no such Treasury constant maturity on H.15 shorter than or longer than the Remaining Life, the yield for the single Treasury constant maturity on H.15 closest to the Remaining Life. For purposes of this paragraph, the applicable Treasury constant maturity or maturities on H.15 shall be deemed to have a maturity date equal to the relevant number of months or years, as applicable, of such Treasury constant maturity from the Redemption Date.

If on the third Business Day preceding the Redemption Date H.15 TCM or any successor designation or publication is no longer published, the Company shall calculate the Treasury Rate based on the rate per annum equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day preceding such Redemption Date of the United States Treasury security maturing on, or with a maturity that is closest to, the Par Call Date, as applicable.  If there is no United States Treasury security maturing on the Par Call Date but there are two or more United States Treasury securities with a maturity date equally distant from the Par Call Date, one with a maturity date preceding the Par Call Date and one with a maturity date following the Par Call Date, the Company shall select the United States Treasury security with a maturity date preceding the Par Call Date. If there are two or more United States Treasury securities maturing on the Par Call Date or two or more United States Treasury securities meeting the criteria of the preceding sentence, the Company shall select from among these two or more United States Treasury securities the United States Treasury security that is trading closest to par based upon the average of the bid and asked prices for such United States Treasury securities at 11:00 a.m., New York City time.  In determining the Treasury Rate in accordance with the terms of this paragraph, the semi-annual yield to maturity of the applicable United States Treasury

security shall be based upon the average of the bid and asked prices (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) at 11:00 a.m., New York City time, of such United States Treasury security, and rounded to three decimal places.

The Company’s actions and determinations in determining the Redemption Price shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error. The Company will notify the Trustee of the Redemption Price promptly after the calculation thereof and the Trustee shall not be responsible or liable for any calculation of the Redemption Price or of any component thereof, or for determining whether manifest error has occurred.

Securities called for redemption become due on the Redemption Date. Notices of redemption will be mailed or electronically delivered (or otherwise transmitted in accordance with the Depositary’s procedures) at least 10 but not more than 60 days before the Redemption Date to each holder of record of the Securities to be redeemed at its registered address. The notice of redemption for the Securities will state, among other things, the amount of Securities to be redeemed, the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price or, if not ascertainable, the manner of determining the Redemption Price and the place(s) that payment will be made upon presentation and surrender of Securities to be redeemed. Unless the Company defaults in payment of the Redemption Price, interest will cease to accrue on any Securities that have been called for redemption at the Redemption Date. If less than all the Securities are redeemed at any time, the Trustee will select the Securities to be redeemed on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee in its sole discretion deems appropriate and fair. In the case of Securities in global form, the Depositary will determine the allocation of the Redemption Price among beneficial owners in such global Securities in accordance with the Depositary’s applicable procedures.

Except as set forth above, the Securities will not be redeemable prior to their Stated Maturity and will not be entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund.

The Securities may be redeemed in part in a minimum principal amount of $2,000, or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof.

Any such redemption will also comply with Article Eleven of the Indenture.

6.Change of Control Offer.

If a Change of Control Triggering Event occurs, unless the Company has exercised its option to redeem the Securities as described in Section 5, the Company shall make an offer (a “Change of Control Offer”) to each Holder of the Securities to repurchase all or any part (equal to $2,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof) of that Holder’s Securities on the terms set forth herein. In a Change of Control Offer, the Company shall offer payment in cash equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of Securities repurchased (a “Change of Control Payment”), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the Securities repurchased to the date of repurchase, subject to the right of holders of record on the applicable record date to receive interest due on the next Interest Payment Date.

Within 30 days following any Change of Control Triggering Event or, at the Company’s option, prior to any Change of Control, but after public announcement of the transaction that

constitutes or may constitute the Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to Holders of the Securities describing the transaction that constitutes or may constitute the Change of Control Triggering Event and offering to repurchase such Securities on the date specified in the applicable notice, which date shall be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed (a “Change of Control Payment Date”). The notice may, if mailed prior to the date of consummation of the Change of Control, state that the Change of Control Offer is conditioned on the Change of Control Triggering Event occurring on or prior to the applicable Change of Control Payment Date.

Upon the Change of Control Payment Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful:

● accept for payment all Securities or portions of Securities properly tendered and not withdrawn pursuant to the Change of Control Offer;

● deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the Change of Control Payment in respect of all Securities or portions of Securities properly tendered; and

● deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Securities properly accepted together with an Officers’ Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Securities or portions of Securities being repurchased.

The Company need not make a Change of Control Offer upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event if a third party makes such an offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by the Company and the third party repurchases all Securities properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer. In addition, the Company shall not repurchase any Securities if there has occurred and is continuing on the Change of Control Payment Date an Event of Default under the Indenture, other than a default in the payment of the Change of Control Payment upon a Change of Control Triggering Event.

The Company will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 14e-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable in connection with the repurchase of the Securities as a result of a Change of Control Triggering Event. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the Change of Control Offer provisions of this Security, the Company will comply with those securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under the Change of Control Offer provisions of this Security by virtue of any such conflict.

For purposes of the Change of Control Offer provisions of the Securities, the following terms are applicable:

“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the direct or indirect sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or more series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person, other than the Company or one of its Subsidiaries; (2) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any person becomes the

beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company or other Voting Stock into which the Company’s Voting Stock is reclassified, consolidated, exchanged or changed, measured by voting power rather than number of shares; (3) the Company consolidates with, or merges with or into, any person, or any person consolidates with, or merges with or into, the Company, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company or the Voting Stock of such other person is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such transaction where the shares of the Voting Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction constitute, or are converted into or exchanged for, a majority of the Voting Stock of the surviving person or any direct or indirect parent company of the surviving person, measured by voting power rather than number of shares, immediately after giving effect to such transaction; or (4) the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

Notwithstanding the preceding, a transaction will not be deemed to involve a Change of Control under clause (2) above if (i) the Company becomes a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of a holding company and (ii)(A) the direct or indirect holders of the Voting Stock of such holding company immediately following that transaction are substantially the same as the holders of Voting Stock of the Company immediately prior to that transaction or (B) immediately following that transaction no person (other than a holding company satisfying the requirements of this sentence) is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Stock of such holding company. The term “person,” as used in this definition, has the meaning given thereto in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act.

“Change of Control Triggering Event” means the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Rating Event.

“Fitch” means Fitch Inc. and its successors.

“Investment Grade Rating” means a rating equal to or higher than BBB- (or the equivalent) by Fitch, Baa3 (or the equivalent) by Moody’s and BBB- (or the equivalent) by S&P, and the equivalent investment grade credit rating from any replacement Rating Agency or Rating Agencies selected by the Company.

“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and its successors.

“Rating Agencies” means (1) each of Fitch, Moody’s and S&P and (2) if any of Fitch, Moody’s or S&P ceases to rate the Securities or fails to make a rating of the Securities publicly available for reasons outside of the Company’s control, a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act selected by the Company (as certified by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company) as a replacement agency for Fitch, Moody’s or S&P, or all of them, as the case may be.

“Rating Event” means the rating on the Securities is lowered by at least two of the three Rating Agencies and the Securities are rated below an Investment Grade Rating by at least two of the three Rating Agencies, in any case on any day during the period (which period will be extended so long as the rating of the Securities is under publicly announced consideration for a possible

downgrade by any of the rating agencies) commencing 60 days prior to the first public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or the Company’s intention to effect a Change of Control and ending 60 days following consummation of such Change of Control.

“S&P” means S&P Global Ratings, a division of S&P Global Inc., and its successors.

“Voting Stock” means, with respect to any specified “person” (as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) as of any date, the capital stock of such person that is at the time entitled to vote generally in the election of the board of directors of such person.

7.Denominations; Transfer; Exchange.

The Securities are issued in registered form, without coupons, in a minimum denomination of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. A Holder may register the transfer of, or exchange, Securities in accordance with the Indenture. The Securities Registrar may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture.

8.Person Deemed Owners.

The registered Holder of a Security may be treated as the owner of it for all purposes.

9.Amendment; Supplement; Waiver.

Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture may be amended or supplemented, and any existing Event of Default or compliance with any provision may be waived, with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of each series affected. Without consent of any Holder, the parties thereto may amend or supplement the Indenture or the Securities to, among other things, cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, or make any other change that does not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of a Security in any material respect. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security (unless revoked as provided in the Indenture) shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of this Security and any Securities which may be issued in exchange or substitution herefor, irrespective of whether or not any notation thereof is made upon this Security or such other Securities.

10.Defaults and Remedies.

If an Event of Default with respect to the Securities occurs and is continuing, then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Securities then Outstanding may declare the principal amount of all the Securities to be due and payable immediately in the manner and with the effect provided in the Indenture. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, however, if at any time after such a declaration of acceleration has been made and before judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as provided in the Indenture, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and to the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (A) all overdue interest on all Securities, (B) the principal of (and premium, if

any, on) any Securities which has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate prescribed therefor herein, (C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate prescribed therefor herein, and (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and (2) all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to the Securities, other than the nonpayment of the principal of Securities which has become due solely by such declaration acceleration, shall have been cured or shall have been waived. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Event of Default or shall impair any right consequent thereon. Holders of Securities may not enforce the Indenture or the Securities except as provided in the Indenture. The Trustee may require indemnity satisfactory to it before it enforces the Indenture or the Securities. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities then outstanding may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power.

11.Trustee Dealings with Company.

The Trustee under the Indenture, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company and its Affiliates and any subsidiary of the Company’s Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company and its Affiliates as if it were not the Trustee.

12.Authentication.

This Security shall not be valid until the Trustee or authenticating agent signs the certificate of authentication on the other side of this Security.

13.Abbreviations and Defined Terms.

Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder of a Security or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (tenant in common), TEN ENT (tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (Custodian), and U/G/M/A (Uniform Gifts to Minors Act).

14.CUSIP Numbers.

Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Note Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Securities as a convenience to the Holders of the Securities. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such number as printed on the Securities and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed hereon.

15.Absolute Obligation.

No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on this Security in the manner, at the respective times, at the rate and in the coin or currency herein prescribed.  

16.No Recourse.

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in any Security, or because of any indebtedness evidenced thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, past, present or future stockholder, officer or director, as such of the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or of any successor, either directly or through the Company or any successor, under any rule of law, statute or constitutional provision or by the enforcement of any assessment or by any legal or equitable proceeding or otherwise, all such liability being expressly waived and released by the acceptance of the Security by the Holder and as part of the consideration for the issue of the Security.

17.Governing Law.

This Security shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York.

18.Guarantee.

The Securities will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Waste Management Holdings, Inc., pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Guarantee, dated as of February 15, 2023 (the “Guarantee”). The amount of the Guarantee will be limited to the extent required under applicable fraudulent conveyance laws to cause the Guarantee to be enforceable. The terms and conditions of the Guarantee shall continue in full force and effect for the benefit of holders of the Securities until release thereof as set forth in Section 6 of the Guarantee.

19.Satisfaction and Discharge.

The Securities will be subject to Section 401 of the Indenture; provided, however, that solely with respect to the Securities, the following sentence shall be added to the end of Section 401(1)(B) of the Indenture: “(provided that, upon any redemption that requires the payment of any make-whole or other premium, (x) the amount of cash that must be deposited shall be determined using an assumed applicable premium calculated as of the date of such deposit and (y) the Company shall deposit any deficit in trust on or prior to the Redemption Date as necessary to pay the applicable premium as determined by such date)”.

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF DEFINITIVE SECURITY

The following exchanges of a part of this Book-Entry Security for definitive Securities have been made:

Date of Exchange Amount of decrease in Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security Amount of increase in Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security Principal Amount of this Book-Entry Security following such decrease (or increase) Signature of authorized officer of Trustee or Security Custodian

EX-4.3

Exhibit 4.3

GUARANTEE

BY WASTE MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, INC.

(formerly known as Waste Management, Inc.)

in Favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee for the Holders
of Certain Debt Securities of

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

$750,000,000
4.625% Senior Notes due 2030

February 15, 2023

GUARANTEE, dated as of February 15, 2023 (as amended from time to time, this “Guarantee”), made by Waste Management Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as Waste Management, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Guarantor”), in favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee for the holders of the $750 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Debt Securities”) of Waste Management, Inc. (formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Issuer”).

WITNESSETH:

Section 1. Guarantee.

(a)The Guarantor hereby unconditionally guarantees the punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities and any amounts and obligations due and payable with respect to the Debt Securities under Section 607 of the Indenture (as amended, modified or otherwise supplemented from time to time, the “Indenture”), dated as of September 10, 1997, between the Issuer, as successor to USA Waste Services, Inc., and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”) (the “Obligations”), according to the terms of the Debt Securities and the Indenture, as applicable.

(b)It is the intention of the Guarantor that this Guarantee not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to this Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the amount guaranteed by the Guarantor under this Guarantee shall be limited to the maximum amount as will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of the Guarantor (other than guarantees of the Guarantor in respect of subordinated debt) that are relevant under such laws, result in the Obligations of the Guarantor under this Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. For purposes hereof, “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar Federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

Guarantee Absolute.  The Guarantor guarantees that the Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of holders of the Debt Securities with respect thereto. The liability of the Guarantor under this Guarantee shall be absolute and unconditional irrespective of:

(i)any lack of validity or enforceability of the Indenture, the Debt Securities or any other agreement or instrument relating thereto;

(ii)any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure from the Indenture;

(iii)any exchange, release or non-perfection of any collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to departure from any other guaranty, for all or any of the Obligations; or

(iv)any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Issuer or a guarantor.

Subordination.  The Guarantor covenants and agrees that its obligation to make payments of the Obligations hereunder constitutes an unsecured obligation of the Guarantor ranking (a) pari passu with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Guarantor and (b) senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Guarantor.

Section 4. Waiver; Subrogation.

(a)The Guarantor hereby waives notice of acceptance of this Guarantee, diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of merger or bankruptcy of the Issuer, any right to require a proceeding filed first against the Issuer, protest or notice with respect to the Debt Securities or the indebtedness evidenced thereby and all demands whatsoever.

(b)The Guarantor shall be subrogated to all rights of the Trustee or the holders of any Debt Securities against the Issuer in respect of any amounts paid to the Trustee or such holder by the Guarantor pursuant to the provisions of this Guarantee; provided, however, that the Guarantor shall not be entitled to enforce, or to receive any payments arising out of, or based upon, such right of subrogation until all Obligations shall have been paid in full.

No Waiver, Remedies.  No failure on the part of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The remedies herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.

Continuing Guarantee; Transfer of Interest.  This Guarantee is a continuing guaranty and shall (i) remain in full force and effect until the earliest to occur of (A) the date, if any, on which the Guarantor shall consolidate with or merge into the Issuer or any successor thereto, (B) the date, if any, on which the Issuer or any successor thereto shall consolidate with or merge into the Guarantor, (C) payment in full of the Obligations and (D) the release by the lenders under each of the Sixth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among the Issuer, Waste Management of Canada Corporation, WM Quebec Inc., the Guarantor (as guarantor), certain banks party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (or under any replacement or new principal credit facility of the Issuer), and the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among the Issuer, the Guarantor (as guarantor), certain banks party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, of the guarantees of the Guarantor thereunder, (ii) be binding upon the Guarantor, its successors and assigns, and (iii) inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by any holder of Debt Securities, the Trustee, and by their respective successors, transferees, and assigns.  

Reinstatement.  This Guarantee shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment of any of the Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by any holder of the Debt Securities or the Trustee upon the insolvency,

bankruptcy or reorganization of the Issuer or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made.

Amendment.  The Guarantor may amend this Guarantee at any time for any purpose without the consent of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities; provided, however, that if such amendment adversely affects the rights of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities, the prior written consent of the Trustee shall be required.

Governing Law.  THIS GUARANTEE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PROVISIONS THEREOF RELATING TO CONFLICT OF LAWS.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guarantee to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written.

WASTE MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, INC.

By:/s/ David L. Reed__________________

David L. Reed

Vice President and Treasurer

By:/s/ Jeff Bennett____________________

Jeff Bennett

Assistant Treasurer

Signature Page to Guarantee

(4.625% Senior Notes due 2030)

EX-4.4

Exhibit 4.4

GUARANTEE

BY WASTE MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, INC.

(formerly known as Waste Management, Inc.)

in Favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee for the Holders
of Certain Debt Securities of

WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

$500,000,000
4.625% Senior Notes due 2033

February 15, 2023

GUARANTEE, dated as of February 15, 2023 (as amended from time to time, this “Guarantee”), made by Waste Management Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as Waste Management, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Guarantor”), in favor of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee for the holders of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2033 (the “Debt Securities”) of Waste Management, Inc. (formerly known as USA Waste Services, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Issuer”).

WITNESSETH:

Section 1. Guarantee.

(a)The Guarantor hereby unconditionally guarantees the punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Debt Securities and any amounts and obligations due and payable with respect to the Debt Securities under Section 607 of the Indenture (as amended, modified or otherwise supplemented from time to time, the “Indenture”), dated as of September 10, 1997, between the Issuer, as successor to USA Waste Services, Inc., and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the current successor to Texas Commerce Bank National Association), as trustee (the “Trustee”) (the “Obligations”), according to the terms of the Debt Securities and the Indenture, as applicable.

(b)It is the intention of the Guarantor that this Guarantee not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to this Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the amount guaranteed by the Guarantor under this Guarantee shall be limited to the maximum amount as will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of the Guarantor (other than guarantees of the Guarantor in respect of subordinated debt) that are relevant under such laws, result in the Obligations of the Guarantor under this Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. For purposes hereof, “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar Federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

Guarantee Absolute.  The Guarantor guarantees that the Obligations will be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, regardless of any law, regulation or order now or hereafter in effect in any jurisdiction affecting any of such terms or the rights of holders of the Debt Securities with respect thereto. The liability of the Guarantor under this Guarantee shall be absolute and unconditional irrespective of:

(i)any lack of validity or enforceability of the Indenture, the Debt Securities or any other agreement or instrument relating thereto;

(ii)any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure from the Indenture;

(iii)any exchange, release or non-perfection of any collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to departure from any other guaranty, for all or any of the Obligations; or

(iv)any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Issuer or a guarantor.

Subordination.  The Guarantor covenants and agrees that its obligation to make payments of the Obligations hereunder constitutes an unsecured obligation of the Guarantor ranking (a) pari passu with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Guarantor and (b) senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of the Guarantor.

Section 4. Waiver; Subrogation.

(a)The Guarantor hereby waives notice of acceptance of this Guarantee, diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of merger or bankruptcy of the Issuer, any right to require a proceeding filed first against the Issuer, protest or notice with respect to the Debt Securities or the indebtedness evidenced thereby and all demands whatsoever.

(b)The Guarantor shall be subrogated to all rights of the Trustee or the holders of any Debt Securities against the Issuer in respect of any amounts paid to the Trustee or such holder by the Guarantor pursuant to the provisions of this Guarantee; provided, however, that the Guarantor shall not be entitled to enforce, or to receive any payments arising out of, or based upon, such right of subrogation until all Obligations shall have been paid in full.

No Waiver, Remedies.  No failure on the part of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right. The remedies herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.

Continuing Guarantee; Transfer of Interest.  This Guarantee is a continuing guaranty and shall (i) remain in full force and effect until the earliest to occur of (A) the date, if any, on which the Guarantor shall consolidate with or merge into the Issuer or any successor thereto, (B) the date, if any, on which the Issuer or any successor thereto shall consolidate with or merge into the Guarantor, (C) payment in full of the Obligations and (D) the release by the lenders under each of the Sixth Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among the Issuer, Waste Management of Canada Corporation, WM Quebec Inc., the Guarantor (as guarantor), certain banks party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (or under any replacement or new principal credit facility of the Issuer), and the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 27, 2022 by and among the Issuer, the Guarantor (as guarantor), certain banks party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, of the guarantees of the Guarantor thereunder, (ii) be binding upon the Guarantor, its successors and assigns, and (iii) inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by any holder of Debt Securities, the Trustee, and by their respective successors, transferees, and assigns.  

Reinstatement.  This Guarantee shall continue to be effective or be reinstated, as the case may be, if at any time any payment of any of the Obligations is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by any holder of the Debt Securities or the Trustee upon the insolvency,

bankruptcy or reorganization of the Issuer or otherwise, all as though such payment had not been made.

Amendment.  The Guarantor may amend this Guarantee at any time for any purpose without the consent of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities; provided, however, that if such amendment adversely affects the rights of the Trustee or any holder of the Debt Securities, the prior written consent of the Trustee shall be required.

Governing Law.  THIS GUARANTEE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PROVISIONS THEREOF RELATING TO CONFLICT OF LAWS.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Guarantor has caused this Guarantee to be duly executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written.

WASTE MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, INC.

By:/s/ David L. Reed ​ ​

David L. Reed

Vice President and Treasurer

By:/s/ Jeff Bennett​ ​

Jeff Bennett

Assistant Treasurer

Signature Page to Guarantee

(4.625% Senior Notes due 2033)

EX-22.1

Exhibit 22.1

GUARANTOR SUBSIDIARY

As of March 31, 2023, Waste Management Holdings, Inc. (“WM Holdings”), a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Waste Management, Inc. (“WMI”), has fully and unconditionally guaranteed all registered Senior Notes issued by WMI, as listed below. Additionally, WMI has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the 7.10% Senior Notes due 2026 issued by WM Holdings.

Principal Amount Issued		Interest Rate (per annum)		Issue Date	Maturity Date
$	600 million	7.00	%	7/17/1998	7/15/2028
$	250 million	7.375	%	1/21/2000	5/15/2029
$	500 million	7.75	%	1/3/2003	5/15/2032
$	600 million	6.125	%	11/17/2009	11/30/2039
$	350 million	3.50	%	5/8/2014	5/15/2024
$	600 million	3.125	%	2/26/2015	3/1/2025
$	450 million	3.90	%	2/26/2015	3/1/2035
$	750 million	4.10	%	2/26/2015	3/1/2045
$	500 million	2.40	%	5/16/2016	5/15/2023
$	750 million	3.15	%	11/8/2017	11/15/2027
$	1 billion	4.15	%	5/22/2019	7/15/2049
$	500 million	0.75	%	11/17/2020	11/15/2025
$	500 million	1.15	%	11/17/2020	3/15/2028
$	1 billion	1.50	%	11/17/2020	3/15/2031
$	500 million	2.50	%	11/17/2020	11/15/2050
$	475 million	2.00	%	5/12/2021	6/1/2029
$	475 million	2.95	%	5/12/2021	6/1/2041
$	1 billion	4.15	%	5/12/2022	4/15/2032
$	750 million	4.625	%	2/15/2023	2/15/2030
$	500 million	4.625	%	2/15/2023	2/15/2033

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, James C. Fish, Jr., certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Waste Management, Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(f) and 15d — 15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/    JAMES C. FISH, JR.
		James C. Fish, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: April 27, 2023

EX-31.2

 Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Devina A. Rankin, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Waste Management, Inc.;

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(f) and 15d — 15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/    DEVINA A. RANKIN
		Devina A. Rankin
		Executive Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer
Date: April 27, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Waste Management, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James C. Fish, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

		/s/   JAMES C. FISH, JR.
	By:	/s/   JAMES C. FISH, JR.
		James C. Fish, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
April 27, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Waste Management, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Devina A. Rankin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

	By:	/s/    DEVINA A. RANKIN
		Devina A. Rankin
		Executive Vice President and
		Chief Financial Officer
April 27, 2023

EX-95

Exhibit 95

Mine Safety Disclosures

This exhibit contains certain specified disclosures regarding mine safety required by section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K. Certain of our subsidiaries have permits for surface mining operations that are incidental to excavation work for landfill development.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we did not receive any of the following: (a) a citation from the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”) for a violation of mandatory health or safety standards that could significantly and substantially contribute to the cause and effect of a coal or other mine safety or health hazard under section 104 of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the “Mine Safety Act”); (b) an order issued under section 104(b) of the Mine Safety Act; (c) a citation or order for unwarrantable failure of the mine operator to comply with mandatory health or safety standards under section 104(d) of the Mine Safety Act; (d) a flagrant violation under section 110(b)(2) of the Mine Safety Act; (e) an imminent danger order under section 107(a) of the Mine Safety Act or (f) a proposed assessment from the MSHA.

In addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we had no mining-related fatalities, we had no pending legal actions before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission involving a coal or other mine, and we did not receive any written notice from the MSHA involving a pattern of violations, or the potential to have such a pattern, of mandatory health or safety standards that are of such nature as could have significantly and substantially contributed to the cause and effect of coal or other mine health or safety hazards under section 104(e) of the Mine Safety Act.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 24, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Entity File Number	1-12154
Entity Registrant Name	Waste Management, Inc
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	73-1309529
Entity Address, Address Line One	800 Capitol Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 3000
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77002
City Area Code	713
Local Phone Number	512-6200
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	WM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		406,816,705
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Central Index Key	0000823768
Amendment Flag	false

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 257	$ 351
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $26 and $26, respectively	2,418	2,461
Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5 and $7, respectively	190	291
Parts and supplies	170	164
Other assets	336	284
Total current assets	3,371	3,551
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and depletion of $22,027 and $21,627, respectively	15,705	15,719
Goodwill	9,344	9,323
Other intangible assets, net	823	827
Restricted funds	476	348
Investments in unconsolidated entities	569	578
Other assets	1,002	1,021
Total assets	31,290	31,367
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,510	1,766
Accrued liabilities	1,426	1,625
Deferred revenues	584	589
Current portion of long-term debt	336	414
Total current liabilities	3,856	4,394
Long-term debt, less current portion	15,034	14,570
Deferred income taxes	1,784	1,733
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities	2,729	2,700
Other liabilities	1,079	1,106
Total liabilities	24,482	24,503
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Waste Management, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 630,282,461 shares issued	6	6
Additional paid-in capital	5,244	5,314
Retained earnings	13,414	13,167
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(57)	(69)
Treasury stock at cost 223,491,127 and 222,396,166 shares, respectively	(11,813)	(11,569)
Total Waste Management, Inc. stockholders' equity	6,794	6,849
Noncontrolling interests	14	15
Total equity	6,808	6,864
Total liabilities and equity	$ 31,290	$ 31,367

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 26	$ 26
Allowance for other receivables	5	7
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ 22,027	$ 21,627
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	1,500,000,000	1,500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	630,282,461	630,282,461
Treasury stock, shares	223,491,127	222,396,166

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating revenues	$ 4,892	$ 4,661
Costs and expenses:
Operating	3,086	2,903
Selling, general and administrative	476	491
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	505	482
Restructuring	3
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net	(3)	17
Total costs and expenses	4,067	3,893
Income from operations	825	768
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(120)	(85)
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities	(11)	(15)
Other, net	2	3
Total other income (expense)	(129)	(97)
Income before income taxes	696	671
Income tax expense	164	157
Consolidated net income	532	514
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1)	1
Net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$ 533	$ 513
Basic earnings per common share	$ 1.31	$ 1.24
Diluted earnings per common share	$ 1.30	$ 1.23

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Consolidated net income	$ 532	$ 514
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Derivative instruments, net	5	1
Available-for-sale securities, net	5	(13)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2	10
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	12	(2)
Comprehensive income	544	512
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1)	1
Comprehensive income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.	$ 545	$ 511

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Consolidated net income	$ 532	$ 514
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	505	482
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	42	(11)
Interest accretion on landfill and environmental remediation liabilities	32	28
Provision for bad debts	9	10
Equity-based compensation expense	26	25
Net gain on disposal of assets	(10)	(4)
(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and other, net	(3)	17
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities, net of dividends	11	15
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables	138	93
Other current assets	(51)	(20)
Other assets	22	19
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(145)	101
Deferred revenues and other liabilities	(64)	(11)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,044	1,258
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	(34)	(9)
Capital expenditures	(660)	(418)
Proceeds from divestitures of businesses and other assets, net of cash divested	11	5
Other, net	(95)	(150)
Net cash used in investing activities	(778)	(572)
Cash flows from financing activities:
New borrowings	6,885	2,362
Debt repayments	(6,548)	(2,471)
Common stock repurchase program	(350)	(250)
Cash dividends	(289)	(275)
Exercise of common stock options	12	9
Tax payments associated with equity-based compensation transactions	(28)	(34)
Other, net	(1)	24
Net cash used in financing activities	(319)	(635)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents		1
(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents	(53)	52
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	445	194
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 392	$ 246

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 257	$ 155
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in other current assets	$ 62	$ 20
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Assets, Current	Other Assets, Current
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in restricted funds	$ 73	$ 71
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Restricted Cash and Investments, Noncurrent	Restricted Cash and Investments, Noncurrent
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 392	$ 246

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interests [Member]	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 6,000	$ 5,169,000	$ 12,004,000	$ 17,000	$ (10,072,000)	$ 2,000	$ 7,126,000
Beginning balance, common shares at Dec. 31, 2021	630,282,000
Beginning balance, treasury shares at Dec. 31, 2021					(214,159,000)
Equity roll forward
Consolidated net income			513,000			1,000	514,000
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				(2,000)			(2,000)
Cash dividends declared			(275,000)				(275,000)
Equity-based compensation transactions, net		(11,000)	5,000		$ 40,000		34,000
Equity-based compensation transactions, net, shares					862,000
Common stock repurchase program		20,000			$ (270,000)		(250,000)
Common stock repurchase program, shares					(1,806,000)
Other, net						(1,000)	(1,000)
Other, net, shares					1,000
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 6,000	5,178,000	12,247,000	15,000	$ (10,302,000)	2,000	$ 7,146,000
Ending balance, common shares at Mar. 31, 2022	630,282,000						415,200,000
Ending balance, treasury shares at Mar. 31, 2022					(215,102,000)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 6,000	5,314,000	13,167,000	(69,000)	$ (11,569,000)	15,000	$ 6,864,000
Beginning balance, common shares at Dec. 31, 2022	630,282,000
Beginning balance, treasury shares at Dec. 31, 2022					(222,396,000)		(222,396,166)
Equity roll forward
Consolidated net income	$ 0	0	533,000	0	$ 0	(1,000)	$ 532,000
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				12,000			12,000
Cash dividends declared			(289,000)				(289,000)
Equity-based compensation transactions, net			3,000		$ 39,000		42,000
Equity-based compensation transactions, net, shares					766,000
Common stock repurchase program		(70,000)			$ (283,000)		(353,000)
Common stock repurchase program, shares					(1,862,000)
Other, net, shares					1,000
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 6,000	$ 5,244,000	$ 13,414,000	$ (57,000)	$ (11,813,000)	$ 14,000	$ 6,808,000
Ending balance, common shares at Mar. 31, 2023	630,282,000						406,800,000
Ending balance, treasury shares at Mar. 31, 2023					(223,491,000)		(223,491,127)

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Cash dividends declared per common share	$ 0.70	$ 0.65

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

1.    Basis of Presentation

The financial statements presented in this report represent the consolidation of Waste Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation; its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries; and certain variable interest entities for which Waste Management, Inc. or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries as described in Note 12. Waste Management, Inc. is a holding company and all operations are conducted by its subsidiaries. When the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this document, those terms refer to Waste Management, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities. When we use the term “WMI,” we are referring only to Waste Management, Inc., the parent holding company.

We are North America’s leading provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, providing services throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. We partner with our customers and the communities we serve to manage and reduce waste at each stage from collection to disposal, while recovering valuable resources and creating clean, renewable energy. Our “Solid Waste” business is operated and managed locally by our subsidiaries that focus on distinct geographic areas and provide collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services. Through our subsidiaries and our Waste Management Renewable Energy (“WM Renewable Energy”) business, we are also a leading developer, operator and owner of landfill gas-to-energy facilities in the U.S. and Canada that produce renewable electricity and renewable natural gas, which is a significant source of fuel for our natural gas fleet.

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal. The East and West Tiers are presented in this report and constitute our existing Solid Waste business. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, which are presented in this report as “Other.” Additional information related to our segments is included in Note 7.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for the periods presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments, intangible asset impairments and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered. For example, revenue typically is recognized as waste is collected, tons are received at our landfills or transfer stations, or recycling commodities are collected or delivered as product. We bill for certain services prior to performance. Such services include, among others, certain commercial and residential contracts, and equipment rentals. These advanced billings are included in deferred revenues and recognized as revenue in the period service is provided. Substantially all our deferred revenues during the reported periods are realized as revenues within one to three months, when the related services are performed.

Contract Acquisition Costs

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales incentives, are generally deferred and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship, ranging from five to 13 years. Contract acquisition costs that are paid to the customer are deferred and amortized as a reduction in revenue over the contract life. Our contract acquisition costs are classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize amortization and are included in other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $192 million of deferred contract costs, of which $139 million and $137 million, respectively, were related to deferred sales incentives.

Leases

Amounts for our operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded in long-term other assets and the current and long-term portion of our operating lease liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts for our financing leases are recorded in property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and depletion, and current or long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments held within restricted funds, and accounts receivable. We make efforts to control our exposure to credit risk associated with these instruments by (i) placing our assets and other financial interests with a diverse group of credit-worthy financial institutions; (ii) holding high-quality financial instruments while limiting investments in any one instrument and (iii) maintaining strict policies over credit extension that include credit evaluations, credit limits and monitoring procedures, although generally we do not have collateral requirements for credit extensions. We also control our exposure associated with trade receivables by discontinuing service, to the extent allowable, to non-paying customers. However, our overall credit risk associated with trade receivables is limited due to the large number and diversity of customers we serve.

Reclassifications

When necessary, reclassifications have been made to our prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation and are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

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Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

2.    Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Liabilities for landfill and environmental remediation costs are presented in the table below (in millions):

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
			Environmental						Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total
Current (in accrued liabilities)	$	136	$	32	$	168	$	137	$	31	$	168
Long-term		2,561		168		2,729		2,527		173		2,700
	$	2,697	$	200	$	2,897	$	2,664	$	204	$	2,868

The changes to landfill and environmental remediation liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are reflected in the table below (in millions):

			Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation
December 31, 2022	$	2,664	$	204
Obligations incurred and capitalized		20		—
Obligations settled		(22)		(6)
Interest accretion		30		2
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions		5		—
Acquisitions, divestitures and other adjustments		—		—
March 31, 2023	$	2,697	$	200

At several of our landfills, we provide financial assurance by depositing cash into restricted trust funds for purposes of settling final capping, closure, post-closure and environmental remediation obligations. Generally, these trust funds are established to comply with statutory requirements and operating agreements. See Note 12 for additional information related to these trusts.

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt

Debt

3.    Debt

The following table summarizes the major components of debt at principal amounts as of each balance sheet date (in millions) and provides the maturities and interest rate ranges of each major category as of March 31, 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Commercial paper program (weighted average interest rate of 5.2% as of March 31, 2023 and 4.9% as of December 31, 2022)	$	863	$	1,730
Senior notes, maturing through 2050, interest rates ranging from 0.75% to 7.75% (weighted average interest rate of 3.4% as of March 31, 2023 and 3.2% as of December 31, 2022)		9,876		8,626
Term Loan maturing May 2024, (interest rate of 5.6% as of March 31, 2023 and 5.1% as of December 31, 2022)		1,000		1,000
Canadian senior notes, C$500 million maturing September 2026, interest rate of 2.6%		370		369
Tax-exempt bonds, maturing through 2048, fixed and variable interest rates ranging from 0.4% to 4.4% (weighted average interest rate of 2.8% as of March 31, 2023 and 2.7% as of December 31, 2022)		2,648		2,648
Financing leases and other, maturing through 2071 (weighted average interest rate of 4.7% as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022) (a)		704		699
Debt issuance costs, discounts and other		(91)		(88)
		15,370		14,984
Current portion of long-term debt		336		414
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	15,034	$	14,570

(a) Excluding our landfill financing leases, the maturities of our financing leases and other debt obligations extend through 2059.

Debt Classification

As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately $2.3 billion of debt maturing within the next 12 months, including (i) $861 million of short-term borrowings under our commercial paper program (net of related discount on issuance); (ii) $725 million of tax-exempt bonds with term interest rate periods that expire within the next 12 months, which is prior to their scheduled maturities; (iii) $500 million of 2.4% senior notes that mature in May 2023 and (iv) $186 million of other debt with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months, including $65 million of tax-exempt bonds. As of March 31, 2023, we have classified $1.9 billion of debt maturing in the next 12 months as long-term because we have the intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis as supported by the forecasted available capacity under our $3.5 billion long-term U.S. and Canadian revolving credit facility (“$3.5 billion revolving credit facility”), as discussed below. The remaining $336 million of debt maturing in the next 12 months is classified as current obligations.

Access to and Utilization of Credit Facilities, Commercial Paper Program and Term Loan

$3.5 Billion Revolving Credit Facility — Our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility, maturing May 2027, provides us with credit capacity to be used for cash borrowings, to support letters of credit and to support our commercial paper program. The interest rates we pay on outstanding U.S. or Canadian loans are based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”), respectively, plus a spread depending on WMI’s senior public debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Global Ratings. As of March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under this facility. We had $165 million of letters of credit issued and $861 million of outstanding borrowings (net of related discount on issuance) under our commercial paper program, both supported by the facility, leaving unused and available credit capacity of

$2.5 billion as of March 31, 2023. WM Holdings, a wholly-owned subsidiary of WMI, guarantees all of the obligations under the $3.5 billion revolving credit facility.

Commercial Paper Program — We have a commercial paper program that enables us to borrow funds for up to 397 days at competitive interest rates. The rates we pay for outstanding borrowings are based on the term of the notes. The commercial paper program is fully supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2023, we had $861 million of outstanding borrowings (net of related discount on issuance) under our commercial paper program.

$1.0 Billion, Two-Year, Term Credit Agreement — In May 2022, we entered into a $1.0 billion, two-year, U.S. term credit agreement (“Term Loan”) maturing May 2024 to be used for general corporate purposes. The interest rate we pay on our outstanding balance is generally based on SOFR, plus a spread depending on WMI’s senior public debt rating assigned by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Global Ratings. As of March 31, 2023, we had $1.0 billion of outstanding borrowings under our Term Loan. WM Holdings also guarantees all of the obligations under the Term Loan.

Other Letter of Credit Lines — As of March 31, 2023, we had utilized $796 million of other uncommitted letter of credit lines, with terms maturing through December 2026.

Debt Borrowings and Repayments

Commercial Paper Program — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made cash repayments of $6.5 billion, which were partially offset by $5.6 billion of cash borrowings (net of related discount on issuance).

Senior Notes — In February 2023, WMI issued $750 million and $500 million of 4.625% senior notes due February 2030 and February 2033, respectively, the net proceeds of which were $1.24 billion. We used the net proceeds to repay $867 million of outstanding borrowings under our commercial paper program and utilized the remaining $373 million, combined with our net cash provided by operating activities of $1.04 billion, for general corporate purposes including for example, payment of dividends, common stock repurchases and investments in the business through capital expenditures and acquisitions.

Financing Leases and Other — The increase in our financing leases and other debt obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is due to an increase of $33 million primarily related to non-cash financing leases, partially offset by $28 million of cash repayments of debt at maturity.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

4.    Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate was 23.6% and 23.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We evaluate our effective income tax rate at each interim period and adjust it as facts and circumstances warrant.

Equity-Based Compensation — During the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, we recognized a reduction in our income tax expense of $7 million and $10 million, respectively, for excess tax benefits related to the vesting or exercise of equity-based compensation awards.

Adjustments to Accruals and Related Deferred Taxes — There were no adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recognized an increase in our income tax expense of $3 million for adjustments to accruals and related deferred taxes.

Investments Qualifying for Federal Tax Credits — We have significant financial interests in entities established to invest in and manage low-income housing properties. We support the operations of these entities in exchange for a pro-rata

share of the tax credits they generate. The low-income housing investments qualify for federal tax credits that we expect to realize through 2033 under Section 42 or Section 45D of the Internal Revenue Code.

We account for our investments in these entities using the equity method of accounting, recognizing our share of each entity’s results of operations and other reductions in the value of our investments in equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities, within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized $13 million and $14 million of net losses, respectively, and a reduction in our income tax expense of $22 million and $23 million, respectively, primarily due to federal tax credits realized from these investments as well as the tax benefits from the pre-tax losses realized. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized interest expense of $4 million and $3 million, respectively, associated with our investments in low-income housing properties. See Note 12 for additional information related to these unconsolidated variable interest entities.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

5.    Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31 were computed using the following common share data (shares in millions):

	2023	2022
Number of common shares outstanding at end of period	406.8	415.2
Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding	0.6	0.5
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	407.4	415.7
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards and other contingently issuable shares	1.6	2.1
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	409.0	417.8
Potentially issuable shares	5.6	5.9
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	1.8	1.8

Refer to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for net income attributable to Waste Management, Inc.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

6.    Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments — We have obtained letters of credit, surety bonds and insurance policies and have established trust funds and issued financial guarantees to support tax-exempt bonds, contracts, performance of landfill final capping, closure and post-closure requirements, environmental remediation and other obligations. Letters of credit generally are supported by our $3.5 billion revolving credit facility and other credit lines established for that purpose. These facilities are discussed further in Note 3. Surety bonds and insurance policies are supported by (i) a diverse group of third-party surety and insurance companies; (ii) an entity in which we have a noncontrolling financial interest or (iii) a wholly-owned insurance captive, the sole business of which is to issue surety bonds and/or insurance policies on our behalf.

Management does not expect that any claims against or draws on these instruments would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We have not experienced any unmanageable difficulty in obtaining the required financial assurance instruments for our current operations. In an ongoing effort to mitigate risks of future cost increases and reductions in available capacity, we continue to evaluate various options to access cost-effective sources of financial assurance.

Insurance — We carry insurance coverage for protection of our assets and operations from certain risks including general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation, real and personal property, directors’ and officers’ liability, pollution legal liability, cyber incident liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per incident deductible under the related insurance policy and any

amounts that exceed our insured limits. Our exposure could increase if our insurers are unable to meet their commitments on a timely basis.

We have retained a significant portion of the risks related to our health and welfare, general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs. “General liability” refers to the self-insured portion of specific third-party claims made against us that may be covered under our commercial general liability insurance policy. For our self-insured portions, the exposure for unpaid claims and associated expenses, including incurred but not reported losses, is based on an actuarial valuation or internal estimates. The accruals for these liabilities could be revised if future occurrences or loss development significantly differ from such valuations and estimates. We use a wholly-owned insurance captive to insure the deductibles for our general liability, automobile liability and workers’ compensation claims programs.

We do not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Guarantees — In the ordinary course of our business, WMI and WM Holdings enter into guarantee agreements associated with their subsidiaries’ operations. Additionally, WMI and WM Holdings have each guaranteed all of the senior debt of the other entity. No additional liabilities have been recorded for these intercompany guarantees because all of the underlying obligations are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of March 31, 2023, we have guaranteed the obligations and certain performance requirements of third parties in connection with both consolidated and unconsolidated entities, including guarantees to cover the difference, if any, between the sale value and the guaranteed market or contractually-determined value of certain homeowner’s properties that are adjacent to or near 17 of our landfills. We have also agreed to indemnify certain third-party purchasers against liabilities associated with divested operations prior to such sale. We do not believe that the remaining contingent obligations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental Matters — A significant portion of our operating costs and capital expenditures could be characterized as costs of environmental protection. The nature of our operations, particularly with respect to the construction, operation and maintenance of our landfills, subjects us to an array of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Under current laws and regulations, we may have liabilities for environmental damage caused by our operations, or for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired a site. In addition to remediation activity required by state or local authorities, such liabilities include potentially responsible party (“PRP”) investigations. The costs associated with these liabilities can include settlements, certain legal and consultant fees, as well as incremental internal and external costs directly associated with site investigation and clean-up.

Estimating our degree of responsibility for remediation is inherently difficult. We recognize and accrue for an estimated remediation liability when we determine that such liability is both probable and reasonably estimable. Determining the method and ultimate cost of remediation requires that a number of assumptions be made. There can sometimes be a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with the likely site remediation alternatives identified in the environmental impact investigation. In these cases, we use the amount within the range that is our best estimate. If no amount within a range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. If we used the high ends of such ranges, our aggregate potential liability would be approximately $130 million higher than the $200 million recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023. Our ultimate responsibility may differ materially from current estimates. It is possible that technological, regulatory or enforcement developments, the results of environmental studies, the inability to identify other PRPs, the inability of other PRPs to contribute to the settlements of such liabilities, or other factors could require us to record additional liabilities. Our ongoing review of our remediation liabilities, in light of relevant internal and external facts and circumstances, could result in revisions to our accruals that could cause upward or downward adjustments to our balance sheet and income from operations. These adjustments could be material in any given period.

As of March 31, 2023, we have been notified by the government that we are a PRP in connection with 73 locations listed on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (“EPA’s”) Superfund National Priorities List (“NPL”). Of the 73 sites at which claims have been made against us, 14 are sites we own. Each of the NPL sites we own was initially developed by others as a landfill disposal facility. At each of these facilities, we are working in conjunction with the government to characterize or remediate identified site problems, and we have either agreed with other legally liable parties on an arrangement for sharing the costs of remediation or are working toward a cost-sharing agreement. We generally expect to receive any amounts due from other participating parties at or near the time that we make the remedial expenditures. The other 59 NPL sites, which we do not own, are at various procedural stages under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, known as CERCLA or Superfund.

The majority of proceedings involving NPL sites that we do not own are based on allegations that certain of our subsidiaries (or their predecessors) transported hazardous substances to the sites, often prior to our acquisition of these subsidiaries. CERCLA generally provides for liability for those parties owning, operating, transporting to or disposing at the sites. Proceedings arising under Superfund typically involve numerous waste generators and other waste transportation and disposal companies and seek to allocate or recover costs associated with site investigation and remediation, which costs could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. At some of the sites at which we have been identified as a PRP, our liability is well defined as a consequence of a governmental decision and an agreement among liable parties as to the share each will pay for implementing that remedy. At other sites, where no remedy has been selected or the liable parties have been unable to agree on an appropriate allocation, our future costs are uncertain.

On October 11, 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision (“ROD”) with respect to the previously proposed remediation plan for the San Jacinto River Waste Pits Site in Harris County, Texas. McGinnes Industrial Maintenance Corporation (“MIMC”), a subsidiary of Waste Management of Texas, Inc., operated some of the waste pits from 1965 to 1966 and has been named as a site PRP. In 1998, WMI acquired the stock of the parent entity of MIMC. MIMC has been working with the EPA and other named PRPs as the process of addressing the site proceeds. On April 9, 2018, MIMC and International Paper Company entered into an Administrative Order on Consent agreement with the EPA to develop a remedial design for the EPA’s proposed remedy for the site, and we recorded a liability for MIMC’s estimated potential share of the EPA’s proposed remedy and related costs, although allocation of responsibility among the PRPs for the proposed remedy has not been established. MIMC and International Paper Company have continued to work on a remedial design to support the EPA’s proposed remedy; however, design investigations indicate that fundamental changes are required to the proposed remedy and MIMC maintains its prior position that the remedy set forth in the ROD is not the best solution to protect the environment and public health. Due to further increases in the estimated cost of the remedy set forth in the ROD, we recorded an additional liability of $17 million as of March 31, 2022 for MIMC’s estimated potential share of such costs. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the recorded liability for MIMC’s estimated potential share of the EPA’s proposed remedy was $69 million and $68 million, respectively. MIMC’s ultimate liability could be materially different from current estimates and MIMC will continue to engage the EPA regarding its proposed remedy.

Item 103 of the SEC’s Regulation S-K requires disclosure of certain environmental matters when a governmental authority is a party to the proceedings, or such proceedings are known to be contemplated, unless we reasonably believe that the matter will result in no monetary sanctions, or in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, below a stated threshold. In accordance with this SEC regulation, the Company uses a threshold of $1 million for purposes of determining whether disclosure of any such environmental proceedings is required. As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any matters that are required to be disclosed pursuant to this standard.

From time to time, we are also named as defendants in personal injury and property damage lawsuits, including purported class actions, on the basis of having owned, operated or transported waste to a disposal facility that is alleged to have contaminated the environment or, in certain cases, on the basis of having conducted environmental remediation activities at sites. Some of the lawsuits may seek to have us pay the costs of monitoring of allegedly affected sites and health care examinations of allegedly affected persons for a substantial period of time even where no actual damage is

proven. While we believe we have meritorious defenses to these lawsuits, the ultimate resolution is often substantially uncertain due to the difficulty of determining the cause, extent and impact of alleged contamination (which may have occurred over a long period of time), the potential for successive groups of complainants to emerge, the diversity of the individual plaintiffs’ circumstances, and the potential contribution or indemnification obligations of co-defendants or other third parties, among other factors. Additionally, we often enter into agreements with landowners imposing obligations on us to meet certain regulatory or contractual conditions upon site closure or upon termination of the agreements. Compliance with these agreements inherently involves subjective determinations and may result in disputes, including litigation.

Litigation — We are subject to various proceedings, lawsuits, disputes and claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Many of these actions raise complex factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties. Actions that have been filed against us, and that may be filed against us in the future, include personal injury, property damage, commercial, customer, and employment-related claims, including purported state and national class action lawsuits related to: alleged environmental contamination, including releases of hazardous material and odors; sales and marketing practices, customer service agreements and prices and fees; and federal and state wage and hour and other laws. The plaintiffs in some actions seek unspecified damages or injunctive relief, or both. These actions are in various procedural stages, and some are covered, in part, by insurance. We currently do not believe that the eventual outcome of any such actions will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2022, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in a complaint alleging violation of the federal securities laws and seeking certification as a class action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. A lead plaintiff has been appointed and an amended complaint was filed in January 2023. The amended complaint seeks damages on behalf of a putative class of secondary market purchasers of our senior notes with a special mandatory redemption feature issued in May 2019, asserting claims under the Securities Exchange Act based on alleged misrepresentations and omissions concerning the time for completion of our acquisition of Advanced Disposal. We will vigorously defend against this pending suit. We believe any potential recovery by the plaintiffs, in excess of applicable deductibles, will be covered by insurance, and we do not believe that the eventual outcome of this suit will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

WMI’s charter and bylaws provide that WMI shall indemnify against all liabilities and expenses, and upon request shall advance expenses to any person, who is subject to a pending or threatened proceeding because such person is or was a director or officer of the Company. Such indemnification is required to the maximum extent permitted under Delaware law. Accordingly, the director or officer must execute an undertaking to reimburse the Company for any fees advanced if it is later determined that the director or officer was not permitted to have such fees advanced under Delaware law. Additionally, the Company has direct contractual obligations to provide indemnification to each of the members of WMI’s Board of Directors and each of WMI’s executive officers. The Company may incur substantial expenses in connection with the fulfillment of its advancement of costs and indemnification obligations in connection with actions or proceedings that may be brought against its former or current officers, directors and employees.

Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans — About 20% of our workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements with various local unions across the U.S. and Canada. As a result of some of these agreements, certain of our subsidiaries are participating employers in a number of trustee-managed multiemployer defined benefit pension plans (“Multiemployer Pension Plans”) for the covered employees. In connection with our ongoing renegotiation of various collective bargaining agreements, we may discuss and negotiate for the complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these Multiemployer Pension Plans. A complete or partial withdrawal from a Multiemployer Pension Plan may also occur if employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement vote to decertify a union from continuing to represent them. Any other circumstance resulting in a decline in Company contributions to a Multiemployer Pension Plan through a reduction in the labor force, whether through attrition over time or through a business event (such as the discontinuation or nonrenewal of a customer contract, the decertification of a union, or relocation, reduction or discontinuance of certain operations) may also trigger a complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these pension plans.

We do not believe that any future liability relating to our past or current participation in, or withdrawals from, the Multiemployer Pension Plans to which we contribute will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or liquidity. However, liability for future withdrawals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows for a particular reporting period, depending on the number of employees withdrawn and the financial condition of the Multiemployer Pension Plan(s) at the time of such withdrawal(s).

Tax Matters — We participate in the IRS’s Compliance Assurance Process, which means we work with the IRS throughout the year towards resolving any material issues prior to the filing of our annual tax return. Any unresolved issues as of the tax return filing date are subject to routine examination procedures. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company received a notice of tax due for the 2017 tax year related to a remaining disagreement with the IRS. In response to the notice, the Company made a deposit of approximately $103 million with the IRS. The Company expects to seek a refund of the entire amount deposited with the IRS and litigate any denial of the claim for refund. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the IRS deposit, net of reserve for uncertain tax positions, is classified as a component of other long-term assets in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In addition, we are in the examination phase of IRS audits for the 2022 and 2023 tax years and expect the audits to be completed within the next 24 months. We are also currently undergoing audits by various state and local jurisdictions for tax years that date back to 2014. We maintain a liability for uncertain tax positions, the balance of which management believes is adequate. Results of audit assessments by taxing authorities are not currently expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Segment and Related Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment and Related Information

Segment and Related Information

7.    Segment and Related Information

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal. The East and West Tiers are presented in this report and constitute our existing Solid Waste business.

The operating segments not evaluated and overseen through our East and West Tiers are presented herein as “Other” as these operating segments do not meet the criteria to be aggregated with other operating segments and do not meet the quantitative criteria to be separately reported.

Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31 is shown in the following table (in millions):

	Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income
	Operating		Operating		Operating		from
	Revenues		Revenues(d)		Revenues		Operations
2023
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,642	$	(534)	$	2,108	$	550
West Tier		2,537		(554)		1,983		572
Solid Waste (a)		5,179		(1,088)		4,091		1,122
Other (b)		855		(54)		801		(4)
		6,034		(1,142)		4,892		1,118
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(293)
Total	$	6,034	$	(1,142)	$	4,892	$	825
2022
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,383	$	(445)	$	1,938	$	531
West Tier		2,406		(490)		1,916		549
Solid Waste (a)		4,789		(935)		3,854		1,080
Other (b)		857		(50)		807		1
		5,646		(985)		4,661		1,081
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(313)
Total	$	5,646	$	(985)	$	4,661	$	768

(a) Income from operations provided by our Solid Waste business is generally indicative of the margins provided by our collection, landfill, transfer and recycling lines of business. From time to time, the operating results of our reportable segments are significantly affected by certain transactions or events that management believes are not indicative or representative of our results.

Income from operations in our Solid Waste business increased primarily due to (i) revenue growth in our collection and disposal business driven by both yield and volume and (ii) fuel tax credits recognized in the current year which were nominal in the prior year period as the majority of our fuel tax credits were not recognized until August 2022 due to the timing of the Inflationary Reduction Act of 2022. These increases were partially offset by (i) inflationary cost pressures; (ii) labor cost increases from frontline employee wage adjustments and annual merit increases and (iii) reduced profitability in our recycling business from the decline in recycling commodity prices and lower volumes.

(b) “Other” includes (i) elements of our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) business that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (ii) elements of our sustainability business that includes landfill gas-to-energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business, our Sustainability and Environmental Solutions business and recycling brokerage services and not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and (iv) the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

The decrease in income from operations was due to (i) reduced profitability in our WM Renewable Energy business due to lower market values for renewable fuel standard credits and lower energy prices and (ii) the decline in recycling brokerage commodity prices affecting profitability in our recycling business.

(c) “Corporate and Other” operating results reflect certain costs incurred for various support services that are not allocated to our reportable segments. These support services include, among other things, treasury, legal, digital, tax, insurance, centralized service center processes, other administrative functions and the maintenance of our closed landfills. Income from operations for “Corporate and Other” also includes costs associated with our long-term incentive program.

The increase in income from operations was primarily driven by (i) lower annual incentive compensation and (ii) a charge during the first quarter of 2022 to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site. These were partially offset by an increase in health and welfare costs driven by higher inflation and utilization of employee medical benefits.

(d) Intercompany operating revenues reflect each segment’s total intercompany sales, including intercompany sales within a segment and between segments. Transactions within and between segments are generally made on a basis intended to reflect the market value of the service.

The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business for the three months ended March 31 are as follows (in millions):

	2023		2022
Commercial	$	1,412	$	1,287
Industrial		933		836
Residential		854		805
Other collection		172		153
Total collection		3,371		3,081
Landfill		1,152		1,051
Transfer		540		486
Recycling		358		453
Other (a)		613		575
Intercompany (b)		(1,142)		(985)
Total	$	4,892	$	4,661

(a) The “Other” line of business includes (i) certain services provided by our WMSBS business; (ii) certain services within our sustainability business including our landfill gas to energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business and (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Revenue attributable to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling services provided by our “Other” businesses has been reflected as a component of the relevant line of business for purposes of presentation in this table.

(b) Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

Fluctuations in our operating results may be caused by many factors, including period-to-period changes in the relative contribution of revenue by each line of business, changes in commodity prices and general economic conditions. Our revenues and income from operations typically reflect seasonal patterns. Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.

Service or operational disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate events can significantly affect the operating results of the geographic areas affected. Extreme weather events may also lead to

supply chain disruption and delayed project development, or disruption of our customers’ businesses, reducing the amount of waste generated by their operations.

On the other hand, certain destructive weather and climate conditions, such as wildfires in the Western U.S. and hurricanes that most often impact our operations in the Southern and Eastern U.S. during the second half of the year, can increase our revenues in the geographic areas affected as a result of the waste volumes generated by these events. While weather-related and other event-driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, due to significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue can generate earnings at comparatively lower margins.

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(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

8.  (Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net

(Gain) loss from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net for the first quarter of 2023 were nominal. During the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a $17 million charge pertaining to reserves for loss contingencies in our Corporate and Other segment to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site, as discussed in Note 6.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

9.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, which is included as a component of Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity, are as follows (in millions, with amounts in parentheses representing decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income):

					Foreign		Post-
			Available-		Currency		Retirement
	Derivative		for-Sale		Translation		Benefit
	Instruments		Securities		Adjustments		Obligations		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	3	$	19	$	(94)	$	3	$	(69)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2, $1, $0 and $0, respectively		5		5		2		—		12
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $0, $0 and $0, respectively		—		—		—		—		—
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		5		5		2		—		12
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	8	$	24	$	(92)	$	3	$	(57)

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Common Stock Repurchase Program

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Common Stock Repurchase Program

Common Stock Repurchase Program

10.  Common Stock Repurchase Program

The Company repurchases shares of its common stock as part of capital allocation programs authorized by our Board of Directors.

In February 2023, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement to repurchase $350 million of our common stock. At the beginning of the repurchase period, we delivered $350 million cash and received 1.9 million shares based on a stock price of $150.34, exclusive of the 1% excise tax discussed below. The final number of shares to be repurchased and the final average price per share under the ASR agreement, exclusive of the 1% excise tax, will depend on the volume-weighted average price of our stock, less a discount, during the term of the agreement. Purchases under the ASR agreement are expected to be completed in April 2023.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased

and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in accrued liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has authorization for $1.15 billion of future share repurchases. Any future share repurchases pursuant to this authorization of our Board of Directors will be made at the discretion of management and will depend on factors similar to those considered by the Board of Directors in making dividend declarations, including our net earnings, financial condition and cash required for future business plans, growth and acquisitions.

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

11.  Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value

Our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following (in millions):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1):
Cash equivalents and money market funds	$	186	$	240
Equity securities		39		37
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2):
Available-for-sale securities (a)		451		360
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Redeemable preferred stock (b)		56		56
Total Assets	$	732	$	693

(a) Our available-for-sale securities primarily relate to debt securities with maturities over the next ten years.

(b) Our investment, which is classified as an available-for-sale debt security, has been measured based on third-party investors’ recent or pending transactions in these securities, which are considered the best evidence of fair value. When this evidence is not available, we use other valuation techniques as appropriate and available. These valuation methodologies may include transactions in similar instruments, discounted cash flow techniques, third-party appraisals or industry multiples and public company comparable transactions.

Fair Value of Debt

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of our debt was $15.4 billion and $15.0 billion. The estimated fair value of our debt was approximately $14.4 billion and $13.8 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in the fair value of debt is primarily due to net borrowings of $337 million in 2023 and, to a lesser extent, changes in the current market rates of our senior notes.

Although we have determined the estimated fair value amounts using available market information and commonly accepted valuation methodologies, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, our estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. The fair value estimates are based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy available as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. These amounts have not been revalued since those dates, and current estimates of fair value could differ significantly from the amounts presented.

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Variable Interest Entities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

12.  Variable Interest Entities

The following is a description of our financial interests in unconsolidated and consolidated variable interest entities that we consider significant:

Low-Income Housing Properties

We do not consolidate our investments in entities established to manage low-income housing properties because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as we do not have the power to individually direct the activities of these entities. Accordingly, we account for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Our aggregate investment balance in these entities was $309 million and $321 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The debt balance related to our investments in low-income housing properties was $278 million and $295 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Additional information related to these investments is discussed in Note 4.

Trust Funds for Final Capping, Closure, Post-Closure or Environmental Remediation Obligations

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds that are established for both the benefit of the Company and the host community in which we operate are not consolidated because we are not the primary beneficiary of these entities as (i) we do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the trusts or (ii) power over the trusts’ significant activities is shared. Our interests in these trusts are accounted for as investments in unconsolidated entities and receivables. These amounts are recorded in other receivables, investments in unconsolidated entities and long-term other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate. We also reflect our share of the unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts as a component of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Our investments and receivables related to these trusts had an aggregate carrying value of $95 million and $93 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Consolidated Variable Interest Entities — Trust funds for which we are the sole beneficiary are consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary. These trust funds are recorded in restricted funds in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities held by these trusts are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These trusts had a fair value of $118 million and $113 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements presented in this report represent the consolidation of Waste Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation; its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries; and certain variable interest entities for which Waste Management, Inc. or its subsidiaries are the primary beneficiaries as described in Note 12. Waste Management, Inc. is a holding company and all operations are conducted by its subsidiaries. When the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this document, those terms refer to Waste Management, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities. When we use the term “WMI,” we are referring only to Waste Management, Inc., the parent holding company.

We are North America’s leading provider of comprehensive environmental solutions, providing services throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. We partner with our customers and the communities we serve to manage and reduce waste at each stage from collection to disposal, while recovering valuable resources and creating clean, renewable energy. Our “Solid Waste” business is operated and managed locally by our subsidiaries that focus on distinct geographic areas and provide collection, transfer, disposal, and recycling and resource recovery services. Through our subsidiaries and our Waste Management Renewable Energy (“WM Renewable Energy”) business, we are also a leading developer, operator and owner of landfill gas-to-energy facilities in the U.S. and Canada that produce renewable electricity and renewable natural gas, which is a significant source of fuel for our natural gas fleet.

Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our Solid Waste operations through two operating segments. Our East Tier primarily consists of geographic areas located in the Eastern U.S., the Great Lakes region and substantially all of Canada. Our West Tier primarily includes geographic areas located in the Western U.S., including the upper Midwest region, and British Columbia, Canada. Each of our Solid Waste operating segments provides integrated environmental services, including collection, transfer, recycling, and disposal. The East and West Tiers are presented in this report and constitute our existing Solid Waste business. We also provide additional services that are not managed through our Solid Waste business, which are presented in this report as “Other.” Additional information related to our segments is included in Note 7.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for the periods presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the accounting for and recognition and disclosure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with precision from available data or simply cannot be calculated. In some cases, these estimates are difficult to determine, and we must exercise significant judgment. In preparing our financial statements, the most difficult, subjective and complex estimates and the assumptions that present the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for landfills, environmental remediation liabilities, long-lived asset impairments, intangible asset impairments and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that we use in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered. For example, revenue typically is recognized as waste is collected, tons are received at our landfills or transfer stations, or recycling commodities are collected or delivered as product. We bill for certain services prior to performance. Such services include, among others, certain commercial and residential contracts, and equipment rentals. These advanced billings are included in deferred revenues and recognized as revenue in the period service is provided. Substantially all our deferred revenues during the reported periods are realized as revenues within one to three months, when the related services are performed.

Contract Acquisition Costs

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist primarily of sales incentives, are generally deferred and amortized to selling, general and administrative expense over the estimated life of the relevant customer relationship, ranging from five to 13 years. Contract acquisition costs that are paid to the customer are deferred and amortized as a reduction in revenue over the contract life. Our contract acquisition costs are classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize amortization and are included in other assets in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $192 million of deferred contract costs, of which $139 million and $137 million, respectively, were related to deferred sales incentives.

Leases

Leases

Amounts for our operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded in long-term other assets and the current and long-term portion of our operating lease liabilities are reflected in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts for our financing leases are recorded in property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and depletion, and current or long-term debt in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, as appropriate.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments held within restricted funds, and accounts receivable. We make efforts to control our exposure to credit risk associated with these instruments by (i) placing our assets and other financial interests with a diverse group of credit-worthy financial institutions; (ii) holding high-quality financial instruments while limiting investments in any one instrument and (iii) maintaining strict policies over credit extension that include credit evaluations, credit limits and monitoring procedures, although generally we do not have collateral requirements for credit extensions. We also control our exposure associated with trade receivables by discontinuing service, to the extent allowable, to non-paying customers. However, our overall credit risk associated with trade receivables is limited due to the large number and diversity of customers we serve.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

When necessary, reclassifications have been made to our prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation and are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

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Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Liabilities for Landfill and Environmental Remediation Costs

Liabilities for landfill and environmental remediation costs are presented in the table below (in millions):

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
			Environmental						Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation		Total		Landfill		Remediation		Total
Current (in accrued liabilities)	$	136	$	32	$	168	$	137	$	31	$	168
Long-term		2,561		168		2,729		2,527		173		2,700
	$	2,697	$	200	$	2,897	$	2,664	$	204	$	2,868

Changes to Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities

The changes to landfill and environmental remediation liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are reflected in the table below (in millions):

			Environmental
	Landfill		Remediation
December 31, 2022	$	2,664	$	204
Obligations incurred and capitalized		20		—
Obligations settled		(22)		(6)
Interest accretion		30		2
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions		5		—
Acquisitions, divestitures and other adjustments		—		—
March 31, 2023	$	2,697	$	200

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt

Components of Debt

The following table summarizes the major components of debt at principal amounts as of each balance sheet date (in millions) and provides the maturities and interest rate ranges of each major category as of March 31, 2023:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Commercial paper program (weighted average interest rate of 5.2% as of March 31, 2023 and 4.9% as of December 31, 2022)	$	863	$	1,730
Senior notes, maturing through 2050, interest rates ranging from 0.75% to 7.75% (weighted average interest rate of 3.4% as of March 31, 2023 and 3.2% as of December 31, 2022)		9,876		8,626
Term Loan maturing May 2024, (interest rate of 5.6% as of March 31, 2023 and 5.1% as of December 31, 2022)		1,000		1,000
Canadian senior notes, C$500 million maturing September 2026, interest rate of 2.6%		370		369
Tax-exempt bonds, maturing through 2048, fixed and variable interest rates ranging from 0.4% to 4.4% (weighted average interest rate of 2.8% as of March 31, 2023 and 2.7% as of December 31, 2022)		2,648		2,648
Financing leases and other, maturing through 2071 (weighted average interest rate of 4.7% as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022) (a)		704		699
Debt issuance costs, discounts and other		(91)		(88)
		15,370		14,984
Current portion of long-term debt		336		414
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	15,034	$	14,570

(a) Excluding our landfill financing leases, the maturities of our financing leases and other debt obligations extend through 2059.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share

Computing Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31 were computed using the following common share data (shares in millions):

	2023	2022
Number of common shares outstanding at end of period	406.8	415.2
Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding	0.6	0.5
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	407.4	415.7
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards and other contingently issuable shares	1.6	2.1
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	409.0	417.8
Potentially issuable shares	5.6	5.9
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	1.8	1.8

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Segment and Related Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment and Related Information

Reportable Segments

Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31 is shown in the following table (in millions):

	Gross		Intercompany		Net		Income
	Operating		Operating		Operating		from
	Revenues		Revenues(d)		Revenues		Operations
2023
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,642	$	(534)	$	2,108	$	550
West Tier		2,537		(554)		1,983		572
Solid Waste (a)		5,179		(1,088)		4,091		1,122
Other (b)		855		(54)		801		(4)
		6,034		(1,142)		4,892		1,118
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(293)
Total	$	6,034	$	(1,142)	$	4,892	$	825
2022
Solid Waste:
East Tier	$	2,383	$	(445)	$	1,938	$	531
West Tier		2,406		(490)		1,916		549
Solid Waste (a)		4,789		(935)		3,854		1,080
Other (b)		857		(50)		807		1
		5,646		(985)		4,661		1,081
Corporate and Other (c)		—		—		—		(313)
Total	$	5,646	$	(985)	$	4,661	$	768

(a) Income from operations provided by our Solid Waste business is generally indicative of the margins provided by our collection, landfill, transfer and recycling lines of business. From time to time, the operating results of our reportable segments are significantly affected by certain transactions or events that management believes are not indicative or representative of our results.

Income from operations in our Solid Waste business increased primarily due to (i) revenue growth in our collection and disposal business driven by both yield and volume and (ii) fuel tax credits recognized in the current year which were nominal in the prior year period as the majority of our fuel tax credits were not recognized until August 2022 due to the timing of the Inflationary Reduction Act of 2022. These increases were partially offset by (i) inflationary cost pressures; (ii) labor cost increases from frontline employee wage adjustments and annual merit increases and (iii) reduced profitability in our recycling business from the decline in recycling commodity prices and lower volumes.

(b) “Other” includes (i) elements of our Strategic Business Solutions (“WMSBS”) business that are not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (ii) elements of our sustainability business that includes landfill gas-to-energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business, our Sustainability and Environmental Solutions business and recycling brokerage services and not included in the operations of our reportable segments; (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and (iv) the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity.

The decrease in income from operations was due to (i) reduced profitability in our WM Renewable Energy business due to lower market values for renewable fuel standard credits and lower energy prices and (ii) the decline in recycling brokerage commodity prices affecting profitability in our recycling business.

(c) “Corporate and Other” operating results reflect certain costs incurred for various support services that are not allocated to our reportable segments. These support services include, among other things, treasury, legal, digital, tax, insurance, centralized service center processes, other administrative functions and the maintenance of our closed landfills. Income from operations for “Corporate and Other” also includes costs associated with our long-term incentive program.

The increase in income from operations was primarily driven by (i) lower annual incentive compensation and (ii) a charge during the first quarter of 2022 to adjust an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary’s estimated potential share of the liability for a proposed environmental remediation plan at a closed site. These were partially offset by an increase in health and welfare costs driven by higher inflation and utilization of employee medical benefits.

(d) Intercompany operating revenues reflect each segment’s total intercompany sales, including intercompany sales within a segment and between segments. Transactions within and between segments are generally made on a basis intended to reflect the market value of the service.

Summary of operating revenues mix

The mix of operating revenues from our major lines of business for the three months ended March 31 are as follows (in millions):

	2023		2022
Commercial	$	1,412	$	1,287
Industrial		933		836
Residential		854		805
Other collection		172		153
Total collection		3,371		3,081
Landfill		1,152		1,051
Transfer		540		486
Recycling		358		453
Other (a)		613		575
Intercompany (b)		(1,142)		(985)
Total	$	4,892	$	4,661

(a) The “Other” line of business includes (i) certain services provided by our WMSBS business; (ii) certain services within our sustainability business including our landfill gas to energy operations managed by our WM Renewable Energy business and (iii) certain other expanded service offerings and solutions and reflects the results of non-operating entities that provide financial assurance and self-insurance support for our Solid Waste business, net of intercompany activity. Revenue attributable to collection, landfill, transfer and recycling services provided by our “Other” businesses has been reflected as a component of the relevant line of business for purposes of presentation in this table.

(b) Intercompany revenues between lines of business are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax

The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, which is included as a component of Waste Management, Inc. stockholders’ equity, are as follows (in millions, with amounts in parentheses representing decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income):

					Foreign		Post-
			Available-		Currency		Retirement
	Derivative		for-Sale		Translation		Benefit
	Instruments		Securities		Adjustments		Obligations		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	3	$	19	$	(94)	$	3	$	(69)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2, $1, $0 and $0, respectively		5		5		2		—		12
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, net of tax (expense) benefit of $0, $0, $0 and $0, respectively		—		—		—		—		—
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		5		5		2		—		12
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	8	$	24	$	(92)	$	3	$	(57)

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

Our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following (in millions):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1):
Cash equivalents and money market funds	$	186	$	240
Equity securities		39		37
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2):
Available-for-sale securities (a)		451		360
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):
Redeemable preferred stock (b)		56		56
Total Assets	$	732	$	693

(a) Our available-for-sale securities primarily relate to debt securities with maturities over the next ten years.

(b) Our investment, which is classified as an available-for-sale debt security, has been measured based on third-party investors’ recent or pending transactions in these securities, which are considered the best evidence of fair value. When this evidence is not available, we use other valuation techniques as appropriate and available. These valuation methodologies may include transactions in similar instruments, discounted cash flow techniques, third-party appraisals or industry multiples and public company comparable transactions.

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Basis of Presentation (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment
Basis of Presentation
Number of segments	2

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Basis of Presentation - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Capitalized Costs
Deferred contract costs	$ 192
Minimum [Member]
Capitalized Costs
Deferred revenue recognition period	1 month
Contract amortization period	5 years
Maximum [Member]
Capitalized Costs
Deferred revenue recognition period	3 months
Contract amortization period	13 years
Deferred Sales Incentives [Member]
Capitalized Costs
Deferred contract costs	$ 139	$ 137

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Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities - Summary (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Environmental Loss Contingency, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued Liabilities, Current	Accrued Liabilities, Current
Environmental Loss Contingency, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-term	Long-term
Total, Environmental Remediation	$ 200
Environmental Loss Contingency, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Long-term, Accrued Liabilities, Current	Long-term, Accrued Liabilities, Current
Current (in accrued liabilities)	$ 168	$ 168
Long-term	2,729	2,700
Total	2,897	2,868
Landfill [Member]
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Current (in accrued liabilities), Landfill	136	137
Long-term, Landfill	2,561	2,527
Total, Landfill	2,697	2,664
Environmental Remediation Liabilities [Member]
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Current (in accrued liabilities), Environmental Remediation	32	31
Long-term, Environmental Remediation	168	173
Total, Environmental Remediation	$ 200	$ 204

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Landfill and Environmental Remediation Liabilities - Changes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Ending balance, environmental remediation	$ 200
San Jacinto Waste Pits [Member]
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Beginning balance, environmental remediation	68
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions		$ 17
Ending balance, environmental remediation	69
Landfill [Member]
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Beginning balance, landfill	2,664
Obligations incurred and capitalized	20
Obligations settled	(22)
Interest accretion	30
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions	5
Ending balance, landfill	2,697
Environmental Remediation Liabilities [Member]
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities
Beginning balance, environmental remediation	204
Obligations settled	(6)
Interest accretion	2
Ending balance, environmental remediation	$ 200

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Debt - Components (Detail) $ in Millions, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 CAD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 CAD ($)
Debt
Debt	$ 15,370		$ 14,984
Debt issuance costs, discounts and other	(91)		(88)
Current portion of long-term debt	336		414
Long-term debt, less current portion	15,034		14,570
Commercial Paper Program [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 863		$ 1,730
Weighted average interest rate	5.20%	5.20%	4.90%	4.90%
Senior Notes, Aggregate [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 9,876		$ 8,626
Weighted average interest rate	3.40%	3.40%	3.20%	3.20%
Senior Notes, Aggregate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	0.75%	0.75%	0.75%	0.75%
Senior Notes, Aggregate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.75%	7.75%	7.75%	7.75%
Term Loan maturing May 2024 [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 1,000		$ 1,000
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	5.60%	5.60%	5.10%	5.10%
Canadian Senior Notes [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 370	$ 500	$ 369	$ 500
Interest rate (as a percent)	2.60%	2.60%	2.60%	2.60%
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 2,648		$ 2,648
Weighted average interest rate	2.80%	2.80%	2.70%	2.70%
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	0.40%	0.40%	0.40%	0.40%
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.40%	4.40%	4.40%	4.40%
Financing leases and other [Member]
Debt
Debt	$ 704		$ 699
Weighted average interest rate	4.70%	4.70%	4.70%	4.70%

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Debt - Classification and Utilization (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt
Debt maturing or subject to remarketing within twelve months		$ 2,300
Current portion of long-term debt		336	$ 414
Debt classified as long-term due to intent and ability to refinance on long-term basis		1,900
Carrying value of debt		15,370	14,984
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt
Maximum capacity		3,500
Outstanding borrowings under credit facility		0
Letters of credit outstanding		165
Unused and available credit capacity		2,500
Term Loan maturing May 2024 [Member]
Debt
Maximum capacity	$ 1,000
Debt term	2 years
Carrying value of debt		1,000	1,000
Commercial Paper Program [Member]
Debt
Debt maturing or subject to remarketing within twelve months		$ 861
Debt term		397 days
Carrying value of debt		$ 863	1,730
Commercial paper borrowings		861
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member]
Debt
Debt maturing or subject to remarketing within twelve months		65
Debt with interest rate periods that expire in the next 12 months		725
Carrying value of debt		$ 2,648	$ 2,648
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)		0.40%	0.40%
Tax Exempt Bonds [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)		4.40%	4.40%
2.40% senior notes due 2023 [Member]
Debt
Debt maturing or subject to remarketing within twelve months		$ 500
Interest rate (as a percent)		2.40%
Other Letter Of Credit Lines [Member]
Debt
Letters of credit outstanding		$ 796
Financing leases and other [Member]
Debt
Debt maturing or subject to remarketing within twelve months		186
Carrying value of debt		$ 704	$ 699

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Debt - Borrowings and Repayments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Debt
New borrowings		$ 6,885	$ 2,362
Debt repayments		6,548	2,471
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,044	$ 1,258
Commercial Paper Program [Member]
Debt
Commercial paper repayments		6,500
Commercial paper borrowings		5,600
4.625% senior notes due 2030 and 2033 [Member]
Debt
Commercial paper repayments	$ 867
Interest rate (as a percent)	4.625%
New borrowings	$ 1,240
Cash remaining from borrowings after debt repayment	373
4.625% senior notes due 2030 [Member]
Debt
Debt instrument face amount	750
4.625% senior notes due 2033 [Member]
Debt
Debt instrument face amount	$ 500
Financing leases and other [Member]
Debt
Debt repayments		28
Non-cash financing lease incurred		$ 33

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Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Taxes
Effective tax rate of income (loss) before income taxes	23.60%		23.50%
Excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation	$ 7		$ 10
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities	11		15
Increase (decrease) to accruals and related deferred taxes	0		3
2017 Audit [Member]
Income Taxes
Income tax deposit paid		$ 103
Low income housing investments [Member]
Income Taxes
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated entities	13		14
Income tax benefit from low-income housing investments	22		23
Interest expense	$ 4		$ 3

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Earnings Per Share (Detail) - shares shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share
Number of common shares outstanding at end of period	406.8	415.2
Effect of using weighted average common shares outstanding	0.6	0.5
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	407.4	415.7
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards and other contingently issuable shares	1.6	2.1
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	409.0	417.8
Potentially issuable shares	5.6	5.9
Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding	1.8	1.8

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) site item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of landfills adjacent to or near homeowners' properties with agreements guaranteeing market value | item	17
Environmental remediation reasonably possible additional losses high estimate	$ 130
Environmental remediation liabilities	$ 200
Number of sites listed on the EPA's NPL for which we have been notified we are a PRP | site	73
Number of owned sites listed on the EPA's NPL for which we have been notified we are a PRP | site	14
Number of non-owned sites listed on the EPA's NPL for which we have been notified we are a PRP | site	59
Dollar threshold for environmental matters requiring disclosure under item 103 of the SEC's Regulation S-K	$ 1
Workforce covered by collective bargaining (as a percent)	20.00%
Expected time of completion of IRS audits	24 months
2017 Audit [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Income tax deposit paid		$ 103
San Jacinto Waste Pits [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Revisions in estimate			$ 17
Environmental remediation liabilities	$ 69	$ 68
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Credit Facility, aggregate capacity	$ 3,500

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Segment and Related Information - Summary (Detail) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of segments | segment	2
Operating revenues	$ 4,892	$ 4,661
Income from operations	825	768
Solid Waste [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	4,091	3,854
East Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	2,108	1,938
West Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,983	1,916
Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	801	807
Operating Segments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	6,034	5,646
Income from operations	1,118	1,081
Operating Segments [Member] | Solid Waste [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	5,179	4,789
Income from operations	1,122	1,080
Operating Segments [Member] | East Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	2,642	2,383
Income from operations	550	531
Operating Segments [Member] | West Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	2,537	2,406
Income from operations	572	549
Operating Segments [Member] | Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	855	857
Income from operations	(4)	1
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(1,142)	(985)
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member] | Solid Waste [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(1,088)	(935)
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member] | East Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(534)	(445)
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member] | West Tier [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(554)	(490)
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member] | Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating revenues	(54)	(50)
Corporate and Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Income from operations	$ (293)	$ (313)

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Segment and Related Information - Revenues mix (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 4,892	$ 4,661
Operating Segments [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	6,034	5,646
Operating Segments [Member] | Collection [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	3,371	3,081
Operating Segments [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,412	1,287
Operating Segments [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	933	836
Operating Segments [Member] | Residential [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	854	805
Operating Segments [Member] | Other Collection [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	172	153
Operating Segments [Member] | Landfill [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	1,152	1,051
Operating Segments [Member] | Transfer [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	540	486
Operating Segments [Member] | Recycling [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	358	453
Operating Segments [Member] | Other Revenue [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	613	575
Intercompany Operating Revenues [Member]
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ (1,142)	$ (985)

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(Gain) Loss from Divestitures, Asset Impairments and Unusual Items, Net (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
San Jacinto Waste Pits [Member]
Asset Impairments and Unusual Items
Revisions in estimates and interest rate assumptions	$ 17

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Changes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	$ 6,864	$ 7,126
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	12	(2)
Ending balance	6,808	7,146
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	(69)	17
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax (expense) benefit	12
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	12	(2)
Ending balance	(57)	$ 15
Derivative Instruments [Member]
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	3
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax (expense) benefit	5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	5
Ending balance	8
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities [Member]
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	19
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax (expense) benefit	5
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	5
Ending balance	24
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	(94)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax (expense) benefit	2
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2
Ending balance	(92)
Post - Retirement Benefit Obligation [Member]
AOCI roll forward
Beginning balance	3
Ending balance	$ 3

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Tax Impact (Detail) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Derivative Instruments [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	$ 2
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, tax	0
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, tax	0
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, tax	0
Post - Retirement Benefit Obligation [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss, tax	$ 0

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Common Stock Repurchase Program - Repurchases (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Common stock repurchase program
Cash paid for repurchase of common stock		$ 350	$ 250
Authorized share repurchases		$ 1,150
Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreement (ASR) [Member]
Common stock repurchase program
Shares repurchased (in shares)	1.9
Cash paid for repurchase of common stock	$ 350
Initial stock repurchase price (in dollars per share)	$ 150.34

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Recurring (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available-for-sale Securities [Member]
Fair Value
Investment maturity	10 years
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value
Total assets	$ 732	$ 693
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member]
Fair Value
Cash equivalents and money market funds	186	240
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) [Member] | Equity securities [Member]
Fair Value
Investments	39	37
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member]
Fair Value
Investments	451	360
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Redeemable Preferred Stock [Member]
Fair Value
Investments	$ 56	$ 56

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value
Net borrowings (repayments)	$ 337
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Fair Value
Fair value of debt	15,400	$ 15,000
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Fair Value
Fair value of debt	$ 14,400	$ 13,800

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Variable Interest Entities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entity
Carrying value of debt	$ 15,370	$ 14,984
Assets	31,290	31,367
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Variable Interest Entity
Assets	118	113
Low income housing investments [Member] | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Variable Interest Entity
Aggregate investment balance	309	321
Carrying value of debt	278	295
Trust For Final Capping, Closure, Post-closure Or Environmental Remediation Obligations [Member] | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary [Member]
Variable Interest Entity
Aggregate investment balance	$ 95	$ 93