Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Income Taxes

Our “Provision for income taxes” consisted of the following (in millions):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Current:
Federal	$	192		$	414		$	389
State		50			61			79
Foreign		36			56			45
		278			531			513
Deferred:
Federal		43			(89	)		(82	)
State		(17	)		(33	)		(14	)
Foreign		4			4			(53	)
		30			(118	)		(149	)
Provision for income taxes	$	308		$	413		$	364

U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate Reconciled to Effective Rate

The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate is reconciled to the effective income tax rate as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate		35.00	%		35.00	%		35.00	%
Federal tax credits		(5.49	)		(3.21	)		(11.74	)
Taxing authority audit settlements and other tax adjustments		(2.67	)		(1.59	)		(3.56	)
Noncontrolling interests		0.04			(0.81	)		(2.28	)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit		3.20			1.77			9.81
Tax rate differential on foreign income		(0.99	)		(0.46	)		1.63
Tax impact of impairments		0.23			0.46			41.95
Tax impact of divestitures		(0.34	)		(7.89	)		—
Other		0.13			0.34			2.94
Provision for income taxes		29.11	%		23.61	%		73.75	%

Income Before Income Taxes Showing Domestic and Foreign Source

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes by source was as follows (in millions):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Domestic	$	922	$	1,601	$	548
Foreign		138		150		(54	)
Income before income taxes	$	1,060	$	1,751	$	494

Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)

The components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (in millions):

	December 31,
	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carry-forwards	$	280		$	297
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities		120			53
Miscellaneous and other reserves, net		373			380
Subtotal		773			730
Valuation allowance		(273	)		(300	)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(709	)		(673	)
Goodwill and other intangibles		(1,182	)		(1,095	)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(1,391	)	$	(1,338	)

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Including Accrued interest

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest is as follows (in millions):

	2015			2014			2013
Balance at January 1	$	42		$	49		$	54
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		18			9			6
Additions based on tax positions of prior years		21			2			—
Accrued interest		2			1			2
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1	)		—			(7	)
Settlements		(3	)		(11	)		(1	)
Lapse of statute of limitations		(8	)		(8	)		(5	)
Balance at December 31	$	71		$	42		$	49